ABSTRACT
Resumen Los agentes con propiedades vasodilatadoras son un grupo heterogéneo de fármacos que conforman parte del arsenal del cardiólogo desde hace décadas y si bien su prescripción es amplia, no suele ser óptima. El término siempre ha sido ambiguo y propenso a confusión con respecto a los fármacos que deben ser incluidos. Este artículo revisa de manera concisa el estado actual de estos fármacos, incluidos los nuevos agentes desarrollados, con insistencia en sus indicaciones terapéuticas precisas demostradas por evidencia, sus limitaciones y contraindicaciones desde una perspectiva práctica para el cardiólogo clínico. Se realizó una revisión estructurada no sistemática de la bibliografía mediante búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed con el término MeSH: agente vasodilatador. Se incluyeron artículos en español e inglés. Se redactó una revisión narrativa, orientada a una perspectiva clínica, donde se describe el papel actual de los vasodilatadores en la medicina cardiovascular contemporánea. Los vasodilatadores tienen un papel activo y determinante en la cardiología moderna y son una herramienta esencial en diversos escenarios clínicos.
Abstract Agents with vasodilatory properties are a heterogeneous group of drugs that have been part of the arsenal of the cardiologist for decades, and although their use is broad, it is not optimal. The term has always been ambiguous and prone to confusion with respect to the drugs that should be included. This paper makes a concise review of the current state of these drugs including the new agents developed, emphasizing their precise therapeutic uses demonstrated by evidence, its limitations and contraindications from a practical perspective for the clinical cardiologist. A structured, non-systematic review of the literature was performed by searching the PubMed database with the MeSH term: vasodilator agent. Articles in Spanish and English were included. A narrative review was written, oriented to a clinical perspective, which describes the current role of vasodilators in contemporary cardiovascular medicine. Vasodilators have an active and determining role in modern cardiology and are an essential tool in various clinical scenarios.
ABSTRACT
For one-third of the Peruvian population living in large cities outside the capital city Lima, there is no access to paediatric cardiology services provided by the public health care system. Children with suspected CHD living in these areas are referred to the adult cardiologist working at the regional hospitals for care and treatment. This is a consequence of the universal health care system and the heavily skewed distribution of the health care workforce towards the capital city of Lima. This imbalance has resulted in a severe shortage of paediatric cardiologists practicing outside of Lima and the adult cardiologists that remain are left to make up for this deficit.To gain a better understanding of the current model of care for children with suspected CHD within the public health care system in Peru, we surveyed adult cardiologists from four major urban centres that serve one-third of the Peruvian population outside of Lima. We determined that adult cardiologists spend a significant amount of time treating children, but lack the specialised training and equipment to provide model care. The cardiologists indicated that receiving additional training and appropriate equipment would help enable them to provide proper care for these children.
Subject(s)
Cardiology , Health Services Accessibility , Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy , Pediatrics , Physicians/supply & distribution , Cardiology/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Peru , Public Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Universal Health Insurance , Urban Health ServicesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: During cardiology training, the cardiology fellow has to be trained in all things related to the indication, interpretation, and performing of nuclear cardiology studies using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationship between the adequacy of indications of myocardial perfusion gated-SPECT and the years of experience since the completion of cardiology training. METHOD: A descriptive, retrospective analysis was performed on a single-centre register, in which the indications (adequate or inadequate use) were recorded according to myocardial perfusion gated-SPECT guidelines, prescribed by cardiologists of a university hospital. RESULTS: A total of 950 gated-SPECT tests were analysed according to the appropriate or inadequate indication. The sample of study was distributed in quartiles (years) since the cardiologist finished the residency. Cardiologists with less than 10 years of clinical experience reported a higher proportion of gated-SPECT tests compared to the more experienced cardiologists (87.6 vs. 9.3%, P<.001). After adjusting for age, gender, and cardiovascular risk factors, the multivariate analysis showed that, for each year of experience after completion of cardiology training, the probability of adequately indicating the test (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.29-1.38, P<.001) was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The professional experience of the clinical cardiologist is the most important factor to perform an appropriate indication of gated-SPECT myocardial perfusion.
Subject(s)
Cardiac-Gated Single-Photon Emission Computer-Assisted Tomography/methods , Cardiologists/standards , Clinical Competence , Myocardial Perfusion Imaging/methods , Aged , Cardiologists/education , Cardiology/education , Female , Hospitals, University , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Durante el período de formación, el residente de cardiología ha de entrenarse en todo lo relacionado con la indicación, la interpretación y realización de imágenes en cardiología nuclear que usan la tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotón simple (SPECT). El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación existente entre la adecuación de las indicaciones del gated-SPECT de perfusión miocárdica y los años de experiencia desde la finalización de la residencia de cardiología. Método: Registro descriptivo, retrospectivo y unicéntrico, en el que se analizaron las indicaciones (uso adecuado e inadecuado), según las guías de la gated-SPECT de perfusión miocárdica, prescritas por cardiólogos de un hospital universitario. Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 950 pruebas de gated-SPECT de acuerdo a la indicación adecuada e inadecuada y se distribuyeron por cuartiles los años de finalización de la residencia del cardiólogo prescriptor. Los cardiólogos de menos de 10 años de experiencia clínica indican de forma inadecuada una mayor proporción de pruebas de gated-SPECT que los cardiólogos de mayor experiencia (87,6 vs. 9,3%: p < 0,001). Tras ajustar por edad, sexo y factores de riesgo cardiovascular, el análisis multivariante mostró que por cada año de experiencia tras finalizar la residencia de cardiología aumenta un 33% la probabilidad de indicar de forma adecuada la prueba (OR: 1,33; IC 95%: 1,29-1,38; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: La experiencia profesional del cardiólogo clínico es el factor más importante para realizar una indicación adecuada de la gated-SPECT de perfusión miocárdica.
Abstract Objective: During cardiology training, the cardiology fellow has to be trained in all things related to the indication, interpretation, and performing of nuclear cardiology studies using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationship between the adequacy of indications of myocardial perfusion gated-SPECT and the years of experience since the completion of cardiology training. Method: A descriptive, retrospective analysis was performed on a single-centre register, in which the indications (adequate or inadequate use) were recorded according to myocardial perfusion gated-SPECT guidelines, prescribed by cardiologists of a university hospital. Results: A total of 950 gated-SPECT tests were analysed according to the appropriate or inade- quate indication. The sample of study was distributed in quartiles (years) since the cardiologist finished the residency. Cardiologists with less than 10 years of clinical experience reported a higher proportion of gated-SPECT tests compared to the more experienced cardiologists (87.6 vs. 9.3%, P < .001). After adjusting for age, gender, and cardiovascular risk factors, the multiva- riate analysis showed that, for each year of experience after completion of cardiology training, the probability of adequately indicating the test (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.29-1.38, P < .001) was statistically significant. Conclusions: The professional experience of the clinical cardiologist is the most important factor to perform an appropriate indication of gated-SPECT myocardial perfusion.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Clinical Competence , Cardiac-Gated Single-Photon Emission Computer-Assisted Tomography , Myocardial Perfusion Imaging/methods , Cardiologists/standards , Cardiology/education , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Cardiologists/education , Hospitals, UniversitySubject(s)
Academic Medical Centers/trends , Anesthesia/trends , Expert Testimony/trends , Hospitals, High-Volume/trends , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/trends , Academic Medical Centers/methods , Anesthesia/methods , Anesthetics/administration & dosage , Europe/epidemiology , Expert Testimony/methods , Humans , Operating Rooms/methods , Operating Rooms/trends , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/methods , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO La angiografía es un examen de diagnóstico por imagen, utilizado para la observación de los vasos circulatorios que no son visibles mediante radiología convencional. En este contexto el Departamento GES y Redes Integradas / DIGERA solicita esta síntesis de videncia con el objetivo de evaluar las precisiones diagnósticas de médicos no cardiólogos ni radiólogos al realizar angiografías. METODOLOGÍA Se formuló una estrategia de búsqueda para ser utilizada en las bases de datos PDQ-Evidence, Health Systems Evidence, la Biblioteca Cochrane y PubMed con el objetivo de identificar revisiones sistemáticas que abordan la pregunta formulada. Al no encontrarse evidencia relevante, se procedió a buscar estudios primarios en las bases de datos Medline y CENTRAL. Se utiliza la metodología sobre la certeza de la evidencia GRADE. Se eligió contemplar únicamente estudios de precisión diagnóstica (excluyendo, por ejemplo, angiografías que estudiaban limitaciones de la tecnología usada) y complicaciones derivadas de los procedimientos. Se excluyeron aquellos estudios en que las comparaciones se realizaba con profesionales no médicos de la salud, o estudios donde la comparación incluía a más de una tecnología. RESULTADOS Se utilizaron 16 estudios primarios, de los cuales se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: -Cuando un residente de radiología interpreta imágenes de un angio TAC de cuello, el 100% de los aneurismas serían también detectados/descartados por un radiólogo sin subespecialidad. -Cuando un residente de radiología interpreta imágenes de una angio resonancia magnética de cuello, el 67%/99% de las isquemias u oclusiones serían también detectadas/descartadas por un neuroradiólogo. -Cuando un residente de radiología interpreta imágenes de una angio resonancia magnética de cuello, el 99% de las disecciones serían también descartadas por un neuroradiólogo. -Cuando un residente de radiología interpreta imágenes de un angio TAC de pulmón, probablemente el 90%/97% de las embolías pulmonares son también detectadas/descartadas por un radiólogo cardiotorácico. -Cuando un médico de emergencia interpreta imágenes de un angio TAC de pulmón, el 55%/30% de las embolías pulmonares serían también detectadas/descartadas por un radiólogo cardiotorácico. -Las angioplastias percutáneas coronarias transluminales realizadas por residentes de cardiología intervencional no tendrían una frecuencia mayor de complicaciones que las realizadas por cardiólogos intervencionistas.
Subject(s)
Precision Medicine , Pulmonary Embolism , Chile , Constriction, Pathologic , Dissection , Ischemia , Aneurysm , Medical Staff, HospitalABSTRACT
Pre-participation electrocardiogram (ECG) screening of athletes is controversial. Pediatric electrophysiologists do not interpret screening ECGs more accurately than pediatric cardiologists with average number of correct ECG interpretations of 13.1-12.4 (P = .14). Electrophysiologists ordered fewer follow-up tests and were more likely to give sports recommendations based on published guidelines.