Case report: Dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a domestic Korean short hair cat treated with intralesional injection of amphotericin B and oral terbinafine administration.

Dermatophytic pseudomycetoma (DPM), which is a deeper dermal and/or subcutaneous infection of dermatophytes, has been rarely reported in Domestic Korean Short Hair Cats. A 3-year-old, spayed female, domestic Korean Short Hair Cat presented with a history of crusts, nodules, and pruritus for 1 year. At the initial presentation, multifocal ulcerative nodules covered with yellowish grains were noted on her ventral thorax, abdomen, flank, and left hindlimb. Cytology of ulcerative nodules revealed degenerative neutrophils, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and hyphae. Histological examination of nodules revealed pyogranulomatous dermatitis with fungal plaques, and Microsporum canis and Staphylococcus aureus were identified in the culture. Therefore, the cat was diagnosed with DPM with secondary pyoderma. Oral itraconazole (10 mg/kg, once a day) was administered, but no significant improvement was observed. Therefore, intralesional (IL) injection of amphotericin B (0.6 mg/nodule) and oral administration of terbinafine (30 mg/kg, twice a day) were administered to the cat. With these medications, ulceration and the number and size of nodules decreased significantly, although large dome-shaped nodules remained. Skin lesions were treated with oral terbinafine and itraconazole administration for 5 months. However, after 6 months, recurrence of multifocal ulcerative nodules was observed, and the cat died 10 months after initial presentation. In this case, IL amphotericin B and oral terbinafine administration were partially effective in DPM treatment, suggesting that this may be an option for DPM treatment. Further studies to determine dose and frequency of IL amphotericin B in the management of DPM are warranted.

Even and Odd Cat States of Two and Three Qubits in the Probability Representation of Quantum Mechanics.

We derive the probability representation of even and odd cat states of two and three qubits. These states are even and odd superpositions of spin-1/2 eigenstates corresponding to two opposite directions along the z axis. The probability representation of even and odd cat states of an oscillating spin-1/2 particle is also discussed. The exact formulas for entangled probability distributions describing density matrices of all these states are obtained.

Neutrophil Oxidative Burst Profile Is Related to a Satisfactory Response to Itraconazole and Clinical Cure in Feline Sporotrichosis.

Despite the central role of cats in the transmission and amplification of Sporothrix, studies regarding immune response in feline sporotrichosis are scarce. In cats with sporotrichosis, neutrophil-rich lesions are usually associated to good general condition and lower fungal burden. However, the role of neutrophils in anti-Sporothrix immunity has been little explored in cats. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the neutrophil oxidative burst in the blood of cats with sporotrichosis. Cats with sporotrichosis included in the study were treated with itraconazole (ITZ) alone or combined with potassium iodide (KI). The neutrophil oxidative burst was evaluated through a flow-cytometry-based assay using dihydrorhodamine 123 (background) and stimulation with Zymosan and heat-killed Sporothrix yeasts. The cure rate was 50.0% in cats under treatment with ITZ monotherapy and 90.9% in cats treated with ITZ + KI (p = 0.014), endorsing the combination therapy as an excellent alternative for the treatment of feline sporotrichosis. Higher percentages of Sporothrix-stimulated neutrophils were associated with good general condition (p = 0.003). Higher percentages of Sporothrix- (p = 0.05) and Zymosan-activated (p = 0.014) neutrophils before and early in the treatment were related to clinical cure in ITZ-treated cats. The correlation between oxidative burst and successful use of KI could not be properly assessed given the low number of failures (n = 2) in this treatment group. Nasal mucosa involvement, typically linked to treatment failure, was related to lower percentages of activated neutrophils in the background at the treatment outcome (p = 0.02). Our results suggest a beneficial role of neutrophils in feline sporotrichosis and a positive correlation between neutrophil activation and the cure process in ITZ-treated cats.

A Scoping Review of the Evidence on Prevalence of Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Associated Risk Factors.

Feline upper respiratory tract infections (URI) are of concern, especially in animal shelters. This scoping review identifies epidemiological literature on URI as caused by feline herpesvirus (FHV), feline calicivirus (FCV), Chlamydia felis, Mycoplasma felis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Four databases were searched, studies were screened, and data were extracted on a standardised template. We described patterns in spatial locations of the studies, the range of pathogens and diagnostic tests, cohort characteristics and the findings of risk factor analyses. A total of 90 articles were selected for final data extraction. There was diversity in sampling methods, precluding quantitative meta-analysis of prevalence reports. FHV was most frequently studied (n = 57/90). The most popular sampling site was conjunctival swabbing (n = 43). Most studies (n = 57) used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm diagnosis. Approximately one-third (n = 32/90) of the studies included sheltered felines. This review explores the current state of knowledge on the epidemiology and risk factors of feline URI. Assessing the impact of risk factors has the potential to alleviate the severity of disease, especially in shelters; however, the results were not easily pooled as the studies used inconsistent approaches. We present recommendations for ongoing epidemiological research on feline URI to provide a more structured framework and define research questions for future systematic reviews.

Clinical Factors Associated with SFTS Diagnosis and Severity in Cats.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a potentially fatal tick-borne zoonosis caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV). In addition to tick bites, animal-to-human transmission of SFTSV has been reported, but little is known about feline SFTSV infection. In this study, we analyzed data on 187 cats with suspected SFTS to identify biomarkers for SFTS diagnosis and clinical outcome. Body weight, red and white blood cell and platelet counts, and serum aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels were useful for SFTS diagnosis, whereas alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and serum SFTSV RNA levels were associated with clinical outcome. We developed a scoring model to predict SFTSV infection. In addition, we performed a phylogenetic analysis to reveal the relationship between disease severity and viral strain. This study provides comprehensive information on feline SFTS and could contribute to the protection of cat owners, community members, and veterinarians from the risk of cat-transmitted SFTSV infection.

Can a Sacrococcygeal Epidural of 0.25% Bupivacaine Prevent the Activation of the Sympathetic Nervous System during Feline Ovariectomy?

The ovariectomy (OVE) procedure can trigger somatosensory and visceral peritoneal nociception. Sacrococcygeal epidural (ScE) anesthesia may complement or replace systemic analgesia used for feline OVE, reducing opioid consumption and their related undesirable adverse effects and consequently reducing or completely blocking the sympathetic nervous system activation during this procedure. The present study aimed to evaluate the activation of the sympathetic nervous system resulting from adding an ScE injection of bupivacaine 0.25% (0.3 mL kg-1) in feline OVE and identify whether this translates to hemodynamic variables stability. A Parasympathetic Tone Activity (PTA) monitor was applied given that it performs analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) detecting changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic tone, making it a good tool for detecting activation of the sympathetic nervous system during the study. Two groups of animals were evaluated in five perioperative times, namely, the control group (CG) (n = 18) with systemic analgesia alone and the sacrococcygeal epidural group (ScEG) (n = 20) with 0.25% bupivacaine combined with systemic analgesia. Thirty-eight female cats were selected. All animals assigned to CG and ScEG were premedicated with dexmedetomidine (20 µg kg-1 IM) and methadone (0.2 mg kg-1 IM). General anesthesia was induced with propofol IV ad effectum and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. Heart rate, non-invasive systolic and median blood pressure, respiratory rate, and instantaneous parasympathetic tone activity were recorded. Compared to systemic analgesia alone (CG), sacrococcygeal epidural (ScEG) reduced the rise of common hemodynamic variables but did not prevent sympathetic nervous system activation.

Surgical Correction of Infundibular Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect in a Cat: A Case Report.

Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) can lead to congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, particularly in patients with large shunts. However, no surgical treatment for feline VSD has been reported. Here, we elucidated the first surgical correction of an infundibular muscular VSD in a one-year-old Ragdoll cat, atypically located and classified under the Soto classification rather than the standard Kirklin classification, through cardiac arrest using cardiopulmonary bypass-a method rarely used in feline cardiac surgery. Detailed echocardiography revealed that the defect required intervention owing to left heart and main pulmonary artery enlargement. Despite the VSD being located on the contralateral side, as anticipated in the preoperative examinations, the choice of median sternotomy allowed for the successful closure of the defect. Conversely, the insertion of two cannulas into the ascending aorta resulted in damage to the adjacent thoracic duct, causing transient chylothorax, which was resolved with conservative treatment. Cardiac arrest induced by a cardioplegic solution facilitated the surgical procedure, although it leads to anemia in cats. However, on postoperative day 490, the patient exhibited only minor residual shunting, with normalized heart size, and remained healthy. This technique appears to be a viable treatment option for congenital heart disease in cats.

Insights into Atresia Ani Type IV in Felis catus: Preliminary Epidemiolocal Findings Associated with Surgery.

Atresia Ani (AA) is a rare congenital anomaly in companion animals affecting rectal and anal development. Its incidence in cats remains unreported. This retrospective study aimed to characterize age, body condition, fistula size, and perioperative outcomes in Type IV Atresia Ani (with recto-vaginal fistula) in female cats. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment. Conducted over 2 years, the study included nine female cats diagnosed with Type IV Atresia Ani and recto-vaginal fistula undergoing surgery. Statistical analysis used the R program (version 4.2.1) with Rstudio®® extension. Significant results were observed at a 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05. The condition had an incidence of 4.7% among the 192 cats evaluated over a 2-year period. The findings suggest that a body condition score of 3, an age of 3 to 4 weeks, and a fistula length of 1 to 2 mm correlated with better surgical outcomes, reducing the likelihood of fecal incontinence and anal stenosis development, and enhancing defecation awareness during the perioperative period. This study is the first to report the disease incidence in cats undergoing surgery, according to the authors' knowledge.

Bladder Reconstruction in Cats Using In-Body Tissue Architecture (iBTA)-Induced Biosheet.

Urinary tract diseases are common in cats, and often require surgical reconstruction. Here, to explore the possibility of urinary tract reconstruction in cats using in-body tissue architecture (iBTA), biosheets fabricated using iBTA technology were implanted into the feline bladder and the regeneration process was histologically evaluated. The biosheets were prepared by embedding molds into the dorsal subcutaneous pouches of six cats for 2 months. A section of the bladder wall was removed, and the biosheets were sutured to the excision site. After 1 and 3 months of implantation, the biosheets were harvested and evaluated histologically. Implantable biosheets were formed with a success rate of 67%. There were no major complications following implantation, including tissue rejection, severe inflammation, or infection. Urinary incontinence was also not observed. Histological evaluation revealed the bladder lumen was almost entirely covered by urothelium after 1 month, with myofibroblast infiltration into the biosheets. After 3 months, the urothelium became multilayered, and mature myocytes and nerve fibers were observed at the implantation site. In conclusion, this study showed that tissue reconstruction using iBTA can be applied to cats, and that biosheets have the potential to be useful in both the structural and functional regeneration of the feline urinary tract.

Three prime repair exonuclease 1 preferentially degrades the integration-incompetent HIV-1 DNA through favorable kinetics, thermodynamic, structural, and conformational properties.

HIV-1 integration into the human genome is dependent on 3'-processing of the viral DNA. Recently, we reported that the cellular Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 (TREX1) enhances HIV-1 integration by degrading the unprocessed viral DNA, while the integration-competent 3'-processed DNA remained resistant. Here, we describe the mechanism by which the 3'-processed HIV-1 DNA resists TREX1-mediated degradation. Our kinetic studies revealed that the rate of cleavage (kcat) of the 3'-processed DNA was significantly lower (approximately 2-2.5-fold) than the unprocessed HIV-1 DNA by TREX1. The kcat values of human TREX1 for the processed U5 and U3 DNA substrates were 3.8 s-1 and 4.5 s-1, respectively. In contrast, the unprocessed U5 and U3 substrates were cleaved at 10.2 s-1 and 9.8 s-1, respectively. The efficiency of degradation (kcat/Km) of the 3'-processed DNA (U5-70.2 and U3-28.05 pM-1s-1) was also significantly lower than the unprocessed DNA (U5-103.1 and U3-65.3 pM-1s-1). Furthermore, the binding affinity (Kd) of TREX1 was markedly lower (∼2-fold) for the 3'-processed DNA than the unprocessed DNA. Molecular docking and dynamics studies revealed distinct conformational binding modes of TREX1 with the 3'-processed and unprocessed HIV-1 DNA. Particularly, the unprocessed DNA was favorably positioned in the active site with polar interactions with the catalytic residues of TREX1. Additionally, a stable complex was formed between TREX1 and the unprocessed DNA compared the 3'-processed DNA. These results pinpoint the mechanism by which TREX1 preferentially degrades the integration-incompetent HIV-1 DNA and reveal the unique structural and conformational properties of the integration-competent 3'-processed HIV-1 DNA.

Moderate to advanced periodontitis contributes to increased oxidative stress in cats: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Periodontal diseases are the most frequently diagnosed problem in cats. It has been well-established that periodontal diseases could not only cause various oral health issues but could also contribute to systemic diseases. Oxidative stress is a possible link between systemic diseases and periodontitis. Our study aimed to illustrate the influence of periodontitis on oxidative stress development in cats. Furthermore, the changes in the bacterial flora of the gums were investigated. METHODS: Based on the clinical and laboratory examinations, fifty cats were divided into two groups normal (n = 25) and moderate to advanced periodontitis (n = 25). Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were measured. In addition, samples were taken from the subgingival plaques of all cats for bacterial culture. RESULTS: Serum TOS, GSSG, GSSG to GSH ratio, and oxidative stress index (OSI), calculated as the ratio of TOS to TAC in cats with periodontal disease were significantly higher, and TAC was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared with controls. The results of bacterial culture indicated that the number of isolated bacterial colonies is higher in patients than in the control group. Additionally, the analysis of these data showed a positive association between periodontal index and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that periodontitis in cats is related to a main oxidative stress. Furthermore, oxidant factors such as TOS and OSI, compared to antioxidant factors, may better indicate the presence of oxidative stress conditions in patients with periodontitis.

Urinary D-amino acid profiles in cats with chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent in domestic cats. This study aimed to compare urinary D-amino acid levels between control and CKD-afflicted cats as a novel noninvasive method for assessing CKD.Cats were divided into control and CKD stage II groups in accordance with the International Renal Interest Society guidelines. The urinary DL-amino acid levels of the cats were analyzed using chiral tandem liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and their medical records were investigated. The CKD group had considerably lower urinary D-amino acid concentrations and enantiomeric ratios than the control group. The total urinary D-amino acid contents significantly correlated with blood parameters (creatinine and urea nitrogen). These findings may contribute towards the detection of CKD stage II in domestic cats.

Comprehensive genomic profiling from C-CAT database unveiled over 80% presence of oncogenic drivers in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma including BRAF, RAS family, NF1, and FGFR1.

OBJECTIVE: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is considered a very aggressive carcinoma and has been difficult to treat with therapeutic strategies. This study examines the landscape of genomic alteration in ATC, including the BRAF V600E mutation, and its clinical implications. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MESUREMENT: A retrospective observational study was conducted using collected at the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT) in Japan, utilizing comprehensive genomic profiling data from 102 ATC cases. Additionally, AACR-GENIE data from 267 cases were analysed for validation. Statistical methods, including the conditional Kendall tau statistic and χ2 tests, were employed for survival analysis and gene mutation comparisons. RESULTS: Among 102 ATCs, BRAF, RAS, and other driver mutations were found in 83 cases (81.2%). The prevalence of BRAF V600E mutations was as high as 60%. Co-mutation analysis identified different genomic profiles in the BRAF, RAS, and wild-type groups. Despite the diverse molecular backgrounds, no significant differences in clinical variables and overall survival were observed. The analysis considering left-side amputation suggested that RAS mutations had a poorer prognosis. In the BRAF/RAS wild-type group, FGFR1 and NF1 were identified as driver mutations, with an accumulation of copy number variations and less TERT promoter mutations. This molecular subgrouping was also supported by the AACR-GENIE data. CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive genomic analysis of ATC in Japan revealed distinct molecular subgroups, highlighting the importance of BRAF V600E mutations, particularly V600E, as potential therapeutic targets and suggest the relevance of tailor-made therapeutic strategies based on genomic profiling.

The importance of oxidative biomarkers in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring schizophrenia patients.

INTRODUCTION: The etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ), an incredibly complex disorder, remains multifaceted. Literature suggests the involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathophysiology of SCZ. OBJECTIVES: Determination of selected OS markers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in patients with chronic SCZ and those in states predisposing to SCZ-first episode psychosis (FP) and ultra-high risk (UHR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Determination of OS markers and BDNF levels by spectrophotometric methods and ELISA in 150 individuals (116 patients diagnosed with SCZ or in a predisposed state, divided into four subgroups according to the type of disorder: deficit schizophrenia, non-deficit schizophrenia, FP, UHR). The control group included 34 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Lower activities of analyzed antioxidant enzymes and GSH and TAC concentrations were found in all individuals in the study group compared to controls (p < 0.001). BDNF concentration was also lower in all groups compared to controls except in the UHR subgroup (p = 0.01). Correlations were observed between BDNF, R-GSSG, GST, GPx activity, and disease duration (p < 0.02). A small effect of smoking on selected OS markers was also noted (rho<0.06, p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: OS may play an important role in the pathophysiology of SCZ before developing the complete clinical pattern of the disorder. The redox imbalance manifests itself with such severity in individuals with SCZ and in a state predisposing to the development of this psychiatric disease that natural antioxidant systems become insufficient to compensate against it completely. The discussed OS biomarkers may support the SCZ diagnosis and predict its progression.

Efficacy and adverse events of L-Asparaginase administration as a first-line treatment for feline large-cell gastrointestinal lymphoma.

L-Asparaginase (L-Asp) is often used to induce remission in feline large-cell gastrointestinal lymphoma (LCGIL). However, no study has evaluated the efficacy and adverse events following the initial use of this drug as a first-line treatment in feline LCGIL. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of cats with LCGIL treated with L-Asp to induce remission. This study included 43 cats. The response rate (RR) after the first administration of L-Asp was 37.2% (Complete remission: 7.0 %, partial remission: 30.2%). RR was significantly higher in cases with primary gastric lesions (64.3%) than in those with primary intestinal lesions (24.1%) (P=0.018), and it was also higher in cases without anemia (57.1%) than those with anemia (15.0%) (P=0.009). The most common adverse event was hyperammonemia, which occurred in 10 of 12 cases where we could compare plasma ammonia concentrations before and after the first dose of L-Asp. Plasma phosphate concentrations were also significantly increased (P<0.001) within 24 hr after the first dose. Decreased appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea were also observed in five, three, and seven cases, respectively, and Grade 3 or higher gastrointestinal signs were observed as adverse events in three cases. The median overall survival of all cats was 150 days (range, 5-1,065 days), and the median progression-free survival was 104 days (range, 2-978 days). In conclusion, L-Asp was effective to induce remission, and severe adverse events were uncommon in feline LCGIL.

Subcutaneous fat sclerosis in a domestic short-hair cat.

The authors describe a case of presumptive feline subcutaneous fat sclerosis, a condition reported only once previously (in 1987) and diagnosed with postmortem examination. We describe radiographic, computed tomography scan and histopathological findings, and partial response to oral methylprednisolone and Vitamin E.

Green analytical assay for the viability assessment of single maize seeds using double-threshold strategy for catalase activity and malondialdehyde content.

The development of nondestructive technology for the detection of seed viability is challenging. In this study, to establish a green and effective method for the viability assessment of single maize seeds, a two-stage seed viability detection method was proposed. The catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were selected as the most key biochemical components affecting maize seed viability, and regression prediction models were developed based on their hyperspectral information and a data fusion strategy. Qualitative discrimination models for seed viability evaluation were constructed based on the predicted response values of the selected key biochemical components. The results showed that the double components thresholds strategy achieved the highest discrimination accuracy (92.9%), providing a crucial approach for the rapid and environmentally friendly detection of seed viability.

Rapidly repeated visual stimulation induces long-term potentiation of VEPs and increased content of membrane AMPA and NMDA receptors in the V1 cortex of cats.

Studies report that rapidly repeated sensory stimulation can evoke LTP-like improvement of neural response in the sensory cortex. Whether this neural response potentiation is similar to the classic LTP induced by presynaptic electrical stimulation remains unclear. This study examined the effects of repeated high-frequency (9 Hz) versus low-frequency (1 Hz) visual stimulation on visually-evoked field potentials (VEPs) and the membrane protein content of AMPA / NMDA receptors in the primary visual cortex (V1) of cats. The results showed that repeated high-frequency visual stimulation (HFS) caused a long-term improvement in peak-to-peak amplitude of V1-cortical VEPs in response to visual stimuli at HFS-stimulated orientation (SO: 90°) and non-stimulated orientation (NSO: 180°), but the effect exhibited variations depending on stimulus orientation: the amplitude increase of VEPs in response to visual stimuli at SO was larger, reached a maximum earlier and lasted longer than at NSO. By contrast, repeated low-frequency visual stimulation (LFS) had not significantly affected the amplitude of V1-cortical VEPs in response to visual stimuli at both SO and NSO. Furthermore, the membrane protein content of the key subunit GluA1 of AMPA receptors and main subunit NR1 of AMPA receptors in V1 cortex was significantly increased after HFS but not LFS when compared with that of control cats. Taken together, these results indicate that HFS can induce LTP-like improvement of VEPs and an increase in membrane protein of AMPA and NMDA receptors in the V1 cortex of cats, which is similar to but less specific to stimulus orientation than the classic LTP.

Lack of causative mutation in the AMH and AMHR2 genes in a cat (38,XY) with persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS).

A 1-year-old European shorthair male cat with a normally developed penis was subjected to genetic, endocrinological and histological studies due to unilateral cryptorchidism. The blood testosterone level was typical for males, while the level of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) was very low. Surgical removal of internal reproductive organs was followed by a histological study, which revealed inactive testicles with neoplastic changes and derivatives of Mullerian ducts. Cytogenetic analysis showed a normal XY sex chromosome complement and molecular analysis confirmed the presence of Y-linked genes (SRY and ZFY). Although the level of AMH was low, two normal copies of the AMH gene were found using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Analysis of the coding sequences of two candidate genes (AMH and AMHR2) for persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) in the affected cat and in control male cats (n = 24) was performed using the Sanger sequencing method. In the affected cat, homozygosity was found for three novel missense variants in Exon 1 (one SNP) and Exon 5 (two SNPs) of AMH, but the same homozygous genotypes were also observed in one and two control cats, respectively, whose sex development was not examined. Three known synonymous variants with homozygous status were found in AMHR2. We conclude that the DNA variants identified in AMH and AMHR2 are not responsible for PMDS in the affected cat.

Evaluation of endothelial glycocalyx injury biomarkers in feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis.

The present study aimed to investigate endothelial glycocalyx (eGCx) damage in cats with feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma haemofelis using selected biomarkers and to determine the diagnostic and prognostic significance of these biomarkers. The study included 25 cats with feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis and 10 healthy cats. Clinical examination, blood gas analysis, complete blood count, and biochemical analysis were performed. Hemotropic mycoplasmosis diagnosed by microscopic examination and molecularly confirmed by PCR targeting the Mycoplasma haemofelis 16s rRNA gene. To evaluate endothelial glycocalyx damage, syndecan-1, endothelin-1 (ET-1), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) concentrations were measured using cat-specific commercial ELISA kits. Of the cats with feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis, 14 (56%) survived and 11 (44%) died. While syndecan-1 and ET-1 concentrations were significantly higher in cats with hemotropic mycoplasmosis compared to the control group (p < 0.001), no statistically significant difference was found for ADMA and VEGF-A concentrations (p > 0.05). Endothelial glycocalyx biomarkers showed significant correlations with each other and with hematological parameters (p < 0.01). The results of the ROC analysis showed that ET-1 with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.821 (p < 0.01) and VEGF-A with AUC of 0.805 (p < 0.010) were found to be significant prognostic indicators. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that serum syndecan-1 and ET-1 can be used as diagnostic and serum ET-1 and VEGF-A as prognostic biomarkers in cats with hemotropic mycoplasmosis. Our results indicate the development of eGCx damage in feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis and suggest that glycocalyx disruption may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.