Investigation into the effect of the culture conditions and optimization on limonene-1,2-diol production from the biotransformation of limonene using Pestalotiopsis mangiferae LaBMicrA-505.

Different bioproducts can be obtained by changing operative condition of biotechnological process, and this bioprocess aspect is a significant approach to be adopted on industrial scale leading to the creation of new natural aroma. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the culture conditions and optimization of the biotransformation of limonene into limonene-1,2-diol using Pestalotiopsis mangiferae LaBMicrA-505 obtained from the Brazilian Amazon. The study started with the investigation of the establishment of culture, followed by optimization of the conditions for biotransformation of R-(+)-limonene to limonene-1,2-diol, using shake flasks. The fresh biomass of P. mangiferae LaBMicrA-505 obtained in liquid media supplemented with yeast-malt extract under with 72 h (stationary phase) performed better diol productivity when compared to other biomasses. Finally, in the modeling of contour plots and surface responses of a central composite design, the use of 4 g l- 1 biomass, 2% of the substrate at 24 °C, 120 rpm, and pH of 6.0 could maximize the production of limonene-1,2-diol, accumulated up to 98.34 ± 1.53% after 96 h of reaction. This study contributed to identified operational condition for the R-(+)-limonene bioconversion scale-up. The endophytic fungus P. mangiferae LaBMicrA-505 proved to be a potent biocatalyst to biotechnologically produce limonene-1,2-diol, an aroma compounds with interesting bioactive features that up to now has been manufactured by extraction from plants with long and not environmentally friendly procedures.

In-vivo pharmacokinetic study of ibrutinib-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers in rat plasma by sensitive spectrofluorimetric method using harmonized approach of quality by design and white analytical chemistry.

Ibrutinib, an antineoplastic agent tackling chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, falls under the category of BCS class II drugs, characterized by a puzzling combination of low solubility and high permeability. Its oral bioavailability remains a perplexing challenge, merely reaching 2.9 % due to formidable first-pass metabolism hurdles. In a bid to surmount this obstacle, researchers embarked on a journey to develop ibrutinib-loaded NLCs (Nanostructured Lipid Carriers) using a methodology steeped in complexity: a Design of Experiments (DoE)-based hot melted ultrasonication approach. Despite a plethora of methods for analyzing ibrutinib in various matrices, the absence of a spectrofluorimetric method for assessing it in rat plasma added to the enigma. Thus emerged a spectrofluorimetric method, embodying principles of white analytical chemistry and analytical quality by design, employing a Placket-Burman design for initial method exploration and a central composite design for subsequent refinement. This method underwent rigorous validation in accordance with ICH guidelines, paving the way for its application in scrutinizing the in-vivo pharmacokinetics of ibrutinib-loaded NLCs, juxtaposed against commercially available formulations. Surprisingly, the optimized NLCs exhibited a striking 1.82-fold boost in oral bioavailability, shedding light on their potential efficacy. The environmental impact of this method was scrutinized using analytical greenness tools, affirming its eco-friendly attributes. In essence, the culmination of these efforts has not only propelled advancements in drug bioavailability but also heralded the dawn of a streamlined and environmentally conscious analytical paradigm.

Optimization and kinetic analysis of electrocoagulation-assisted adsorption for treatment of young landfill leachate.

An investigation was conducted on the electrocoagulation treatment of high-strength young landfill leachate using an electrode made of aluminium in a batch electrochemical cell reactor. An iron sheet of 1 m⨯1 m⨯1.1 m (L: B: H) was used to construct the two landfill simulating reactors, both the reactors were operated at different conditions, i.e., one without rainfall (S1) and the other with rainfall (S2). Both reactors have 51% wet and 49% dry waste, which is the typical waste composition of India, and the quantity of waste taken was 450 kg; hence, the generated leachate was treated. This work focuses on the utilization of electrocoagulation as the sole treatment method where coagulation and adsorption occur simultaneously for young landfill leachate. The study employed a central composite design (CCD) to systematically vary the initial pH, current density (CD), and reaction time to examine their impact on the removal efficiency of COD (Chemical oxygen demand), TOC (Total organic carbon), and TSS (Total Suspended Solids). The optimum conditions obtained were a pH of 7.35, a CD of 15.29 mA/cm2, and a reaction duration of 57 min. When the conditions were optimized, the COD, TSS, and TOC removal efficiencies were 83.56%, 73.12%, and 85.58%, respectively. Also, the electrodes depleted 2.78 g of Al/L. In addition, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics were employed to examine the elimination of contaminants by adsorption on aluminium hydroxide, thereby confirming the adsorption process. After investigation through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), with the produced sludge confirmed that electrocoagulation removed a significant amount of metals from landfill leachate.

Method optimization for the extraction of chlorogenic acids from coffee parchment: An ecofriendly alternative.

One of the principal byproducts of coffee roasting is the coffee parchment. It is abundant in bioactive substances, including derivatives of chlorogenic acids, which are well-known for their exceptional antioxidant effects. It is advantageous to use environmentally friendly extraction techniques on such residues since it adds value to the entire coffee production process supply chain. The aim of this work was to assess and enhance the ability of non-conventional extraction techniques to extract derivatives of chlorogenic acid from coffee parchment. A central composite design was used to maximize the recovery of those phenolic compounds. The optimized extraction conditions were with 5 min extraction period, at a temperature of 70 °C, and 80% ethanol in the extractor solvent. In this conditions extraction recovery of chlorogenic acids was of 0.8% by the use of microwave-aided extraction (MAE). The optimized conditions are practical, economical, and ecologically friendly method to extract phenolic compounds and, consequently, underscores the potential for sustainable utilization of coffee parchment, offering a valuable contribution to the development of environmentally conscious strategies within the coffee industry.

Preparation of Microsponge Drug Delivery System (MSDDS) Followed by a Scale-Up Approach.

In 1987, Won invented the solid-phase porous microsphere (MS), which stores bioactive compounds in many interconnected voids. Spherical particles (5-300 µm), MS, may form clusters of smaller spheres, resulting in many benefits. The current investigation focussed on gel-encased formulation, which can be suitable for dermal usage. First, quasi-emulsion (w/o/w) solvent evaporation was used to prepare 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) MS particles. The final product was characterized (SEM shows porous structure, FTIR and DSC showed drug compatibility with excipients, and gel formulation is shear-thinning) and further scaled up using the 8-fold method. Furthermore, CCD (Central Composite Design) was implemented to obtain the optimized results. After optimizing the conditions, including the polymer (600 mg, ethyl cellulose (EC), eudragit RS 100 (ERS)), stirring speed (1197 rpm), and surfactant concentration (2% w/v), we achieved the following results: optimal yield (63%), mean particle size (152 µm), drug entrapment efficiency (76%), and cumulative drug release (74.24% within 8 h). These findings are promising for industrial applications and align with the objectives outlined in UN Sustainable Development Goals 3, 9, and 17, as well as the goals of the G20 initiative.

Optimization of thorium solvent extraction process from feed solution with Cyanex 272 by response surface methodology (RSM).

Due to the limited reserves of uranium, the abundance of thorium compared to it and other advantages, the development of the thorium fuel cycle is of interest in different countries. The optimization of thorium extraction from a feed solution produced by Saghand ore with bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) on a laboratory scale was evaluated by response surface method. The operating variables include Cyanex 272 concentration of 0.001 to 0.2 mol/L, pH of 0 to 2, equilibrium time of 5 to 60 min and aqueous to organic phase ratio of 0.5 to 2.5 were conducted. The value of R2 = 0.9695 and an error of less than 4% indicate the validity of the model. Therefore, the model is in good agreement with the experimental results. It can be said that there are significant interactions between operational parameters, which vindicate different feedbacks of the system in different operational conditions. The results showed that the 4 mol/L sulfuric acid was a suitable agent for recovering thorium ions from the loaded organic phase. In optimum conditions, the thorium purity percentage and thorium stripping efficiency were obtained 98.99 and 94.12%, respectively.

Optimization of iron electrocoagulation parameters for enhanced turbidity and chemical oxygen demand removal from laundry greywater.

This study explores the optimization of iron electrocoagulation for treating laundry greywater, which accounts for up to 38% of domestic greywater. Characterized by high concentrations of surfactants, detergents, and suspended solids, laundry greywater presents complex challenges for treatment processes, posing significant environmental and health risks. Utilizing response surface methodology (RSM), this research developed a second-order polynomial regression model focused on key operational parameters such as the area-to-volume ratio (A/V), current density, electrolysis time, and settling time. Optimal treatment conditions were identified: an A/V ratio of 30 m2/m3, a current density of 10 mA/cm2, an electrolysis duration of 50 min, and a settlement period of 12 h. Under these conditions, exceptional treatment outcomes were achieved, with turbidity removal reaching 94.26% and COD removal at 99.64%. The model exhibited high effectiveness for turbidity removal, with an R2 value of 94.16%, and moderate effectiveness for COD removal, with an R2 value of 75.90%. The interaction between the A/V ratio and electrolysis time particularly underscored their critical role in electrocoagulation system design. Moreover, these results highlight the potential for optimizing electrocoagulation parameters to adapt to daily fluctuations in greywater production and meet specific household reuse needs, such as toilet flushing. This tailored approach aims to maximize contaminant separation and coagulant efficiency, balance energy use and operational costs, and contribute to sustainable water management.

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenols from Crocus sativus by-products using sunflower oil as a sustainable solvent alternative.

In the last decade, there's been a rising emphasis on eco-friendly solvents in industry and academia due to environmental concerns. Vegetable oils are now recognized as a practical, non-toxic option for extracting phytochemicals from herbs. This study presents a novel, green, and user-friendly method for extracting phenolic content from Crocus sativus L. waste using ultrasound. It replaces conventional organic solvents with sustainable sunflower oil, making the process eco-friendly and cost-effective. The effects of temperature (18-52 °C), ultrasonic time (5-55 min), and solid-solvent ratio (5-31 g/100 mL) were assessed by applying response surface methodology (RSM) and Central composite design. The combined impact of solid-solvent ratio, temperature, and ultrasonic time led to heightened phenolic content and antioxidant activity in the enriched oil. However, when these variables were at their maximum levels, there was a decline in these attributes. The specific conditions found to be ideal were a solid-to-liquid ratio of 26 g/100 mL, a temperature of 45 °C, and a duration of 45 min. The optimum extraction condition yielded the expected highest phenolic content (317.15 mg/ Kg), and antioxidant activity (89.34%). The enriched oil with flower saffron enabled the utilization of renewable natural ingredients, ensuring the production of a healthy extract or product. Also, enriched oils find diverse applications in areas such as food, aquaculture, and cosmetics.

Experimental Analysis of Effect of Machined Material on Cutting Forces during Drilling.

Current research studies devoted to cutting forces in drilling are oriented toward predictive model development, however, in the case of mechanistic models, the material effect on the drilling process itself is mostly not considered. This research study aims to experimentally analyze how the machined material affects the feed force (Ff) during drilling, alongside developing predictive mathematical-statistical models to understand the main effects and interactions of the considered technological and tool factors on Ff. By conducting experiments involving six factors (feed, cutting speed, drill diameter, point angle, lip relief angle, and helix angle) at five levels, the drilling process of stainless steel AISI1045 and case-hardened steel 16MnCr5 is executed to validate the numerical accuracy of the established prediction models (AdjR = 99.600% for C45 and AdjR = 97.912% for 16MnCr5). The statistical evaluation (ANOVA, RSM, and Lack of Fit) of the data proves that the drilled material affects the Ff value at the level of 17.600% (p < 0.000). The effect of feed represents 44.867% in C45 and 34.087% in 16MnCr5; the cutting speed is significant when machining C45 steel only (9.109%). When machining 16MnCr5 compared to C45 steel, the influence of the point angle (lip relief angle) is lower by 49.198% (by 22.509%). The effect of the helix angle is 163.060% higher when machining 16MnCr5.

Development of hen egg-based protein beverages with high nutritional value.

Physical stability is a prerequisite for any emulsion-based beverage. This study aimed to optimize beverage emulsion (BE) rich in whole egg, whey protein isolate (WPI), and soyabean oil in the presence of polygalactose derivative as adsorbing hydrocolloids (AH) and partially hydrolyzed starch as non-adsorbing hydrocolloids (NAH). All formulations were optimized for stability, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ζ). A central composite design was applied to investigate the impact of WPI concentration, hydrocolloid concentration, oil volume, and pH as independent factors on particle size, PDI, and ζ of emulsions. The optimum conditions were met upon formulating BE with 1 whole egg, 9.28 g WPI, 11.24 g AH, 5.58 mL oil at pH 7. Two optimal formulations were obtained for BE stabilized with NAH at pH 3 and 7, at which droplets had the highest electrical charge. Noting that, less amount of NAH (7.5 g) was required at pH 3 than at pH 7 (13.56 g). Oil content (3 mL) and WPI concentration (16 g) for both NAH formulations were similar. The size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential of AH-stabilized emulsion were 762 nm, 0.69, and - 32.05 mV, respectively, while for NAH emulsion, they were 150.02 nm, 0.40, and - 28.53 mV at pH 7; and 248.39 nm, 0.41, and 27.1 mV at pH 3, respectively. No conspicuous gravitational separation was observed after 20 days of storage at 4 °C. Hence, both hydrocolloids are appropriate to stabilize protein-enriched BE at neutral pH; however, physical stability was also achieved at acidic pH for NAH-stabilized emulsions.

Enhanced removal of lead and zinc by a 3D aluminium sulphate-functionalised graphene aerogel as an effective adsorption system.

The discharge of heavy metals into the environment has adversely affected the aquatic ecosystem due to their toxic and non-biodegradable nature. In this research, a three-dimensional graphene oxide/carboxymethylcellulose/aluminium sulphate (GOCAS) aerogel was synthesised and evaluated as a novel means for lead and zinc removal. The GOCAS aerogel was prepared via ice-templating of graphene oxide with carboxymethylcellulose and aluminium sulphate as the crosslinking and functionalisation additives. Characterisation of the aerogel by various analytical techniques confirmed the successful integration of the chemical additives. The hydroxyl and sulphate groups in the aerogel were found to participate in the adsorption of both metals. The equilibrium of lead adsorption was found to correlate well to the Freundlich isotherm, while zinc adsorption fitted closely the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic adsorption behaviour of both metals was best described as pseudo-second-order. The interactive influences of concentration, temperature, contact time and adsorbent dose on the metal removal were explored by a central composite design, and the optimum adsorption capacity for lead was determined to be 138.7 mg/g at a GOCAS dose of 20 mg, initial concentration of 100 mg/L, temperature of 50 °C and contact time of 45 min. The optimum adsorption capacity for zinc was 52.69 mg/g at 30 mg, 65 mg/L, 45 °C and 40 min. Furthermore, regeneration studies with hydrochloric acid eluant were successfully conducted for up to four adsorption-desorption cycles. Overall, this work demonstrates that GOCAS aerogel is a viable nanosorbent for the adsorption of lead and zinc from water systems.

Development of an orbital shaker-assisted fatty acid-based switchable solvent microextraction procedure for rapid and green extraction of amoxicillin from complex matrices: Central composite design.

In this study, a cheap, fast and simple orbital shaker-assisted fatty acid-based switchable solvent microextraction (OS-FASS-ME) procedure was developed for the extraction of amoxicillin (AMOX) in dairy products, pharmaceutical samples and wastewater prior to its spectrophotometric analysis. Fatty acid-based switchable solvents were investigated for extracting AMOX. The key factors of the OS-FASS-ME procedure were optimized using a central composite design. The linearity of OS-FASS-ME procedure was in the range 5-600 ng mL-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.991. In five replicate experiments for 20 ng mL-1 of AMOX solution, the recovery and relative standard deviation were 95.8% and 2.2%, respectively. Limits of detection and quantification were found 1.5 ng mL-1 and 5 ng mL-1, respectively. The accuracy, precision, robustness and selectivity of the OS-FASS-ME procedure were investigated in detail under optimum conditions. The OS-FASS-ME procedure was applied to milk, cheese, wastewater, syrups and tablets. A comparison of the results obtained from the reference method and the OS-FASS-ME method showed that the OS-FASS-ME procedure can be successfully applied to complex matrices.

Removal of sarafloxacin from aqueous solution through Ni/Al-layered double hydroxide@ZIF-8.

In recent years, excessive amounts of drugs such as antibiotics have been used to combat COVID-19 and newly discovered viruses. This has led to the production and release of significant amounts of drugs and their metabolites as toxic pollutants in aquatic systems. Therefore, pharmaceutical wastes must be removed efficiently before entering the environment and entering water sources. In this research, Ni/Al-LDH@ZIF-8 nanocomposite was synthesized from layered double hydroxides and metal-organic frameworks and used to remove the antibiotic sarafloxacin (SRF) in the aqueous medium. The work aimed to develop the performance and combine the features of the adsorbent compounds such as high surface area, adjustable porosity, and low-density structure. Different methods implemented to analyze the nanocomposite, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The experiment utilized the central composite design to evaluate statistics and the response level method to optimize the factors affecting the absorption process. The initial concentration of SRF, adsorbent dose, pH, and contact time were considered in this experiment. The results showed an increase in the removal efficiency of SRF to 97%. Statistical studies showed that the optimal adsorption conditions are as follows: initial concentration of SRF 40 mg·L-1, pH 6.3, adsorbent dose of Ni/Al-LDH@ZIF-8 49 mg, and contact time of 44 min. According to the model of isotherms parameters, the adsorption process is more consistence with the Freundlich model with the absorption capacity of 79.7 mg·g-1. The pseudo-second-order model described the adsorption kinetics data.

Investigation of use of hydrophilic/hydrophobic NADESs for selective extraction of As(III) and Sb(III) ions in vegetable samples: Air assisted liquid phase microextraction and chemometric optimization.

In this paper, a green, cost-effective sample preparation method based on air assisted liquid phase microextraction (AA-LPME) was developed for the simultaneous extraction of As(III) and Sb(III) ions from vegetable samples using hydrophilic/hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs). Central composite design was used for the optimization of extraction factors including NADES volume, extraction cycle, pH, and curcumin concentration. Limits of detection for As(III) and Sb(III) were 1.5 ng L-1 and 0.06 ng L-1, respectively. Working ranges for As(III) and Sb(III) were 0.2-300 ng L-1 (coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9978) and 5-400 ng L-1 (R2 = 0.9996), respectively. Relative standard deviations for As(III) and Sb(III) were 2.2-2.8% and 2.9-3.2%, respectively. Enrichment factor of the method was 184 for As(III) and 172 for Sb(III). The accuracy and precision of the AA-NADES-LPME method were investigated by intraday/interday studies and standard reference material analysis, respectively. Finally, the AA-NADES-LPME method was successfully applied to microwave digested vegetable samples using the standard addition approach and acceptable recoveries were achieved.

Application of Noug (Guizotia abyssinica cass.) stalk activated carbon for the removal of lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions.

Due to the rise of industries worldwide, huge amounts of pollutants including heavy metals are released into the surroundings. Disposal of effluents containing heavy metals in higher concentrations without proper treatment is common in industries; lead is one of them. This study aims to determine and optimize the efficiency of Noug (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) stalk porous carbon (NSAC) for the elimination of lead (II) from aqueous solutions. For studying the adsorption characteristics of Noug stalk activated carbon (NSAC) an adsorbate of lead (II) ions was used. The interaction and effect of the following parameters on Pb(II) adsorption were investigated using Design Expert version 7.0 software (central composite design) to determine the optimum adsorption condition: pH, initial concentration of Pb(II) ion, adsorbent dose, and contact time. The optimized condition for the elimination of lead (II) using Noug stalk porous carbon (98.77 %) was achieved at pH [4.87], initial concentration of Pb(II) [84.66 mg/L], adsorbent dose [18.43 g/L], and contact time [2.04 h]. The pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model which had a maximum adsorption capacity of 89.25 mg/g, provided the best-fit models for Pb(II) adsorption, with R2 values of 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. Efficient elimination of Pb(II) from wastewater can be performed through the use of NSAC. Future research should delve more into column adsorption under continuous wastewater flow.

Optimization of Hypericum Perforatum Microencapsulation Process by Spray Drying Method.

Hypericum perforatum (HP) contains valuable and beneficial bioactive compounds that have been used to treat or prevent several illnesses. Encapsulation technology offers protection of the active compounds and facilitates to expose of the biologically active compounds in a controlled mechanism. Microcapsulation of the hydroalcoholic gum arabic and maltodextrin have hot been used as wall materials in the encapsulation of HP extract. Therefore, the optimum microencapsulation parameters of Hypericum perforatum (HP) hydroalcoholic extract were determined using response surface methodology (RSM) for the evaluation of HP extract. Three levels of three independent variables were screened using the one-way ANOVA. Five responses were monitored, including total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), carr index (CI), hausner ratio (HR), and solubility. Optimum drying conditions for Hypericum perforatum microcapsules (HPMs) were determined: 180 °C for inlet air temperature, 1.04/1 for ratio of maltodextrin to gum arabic (w/w), and 1.98/1 for coating to core material ratio (w/w). TPC, antioxidant activity, CI, HR, and solubility values were specified as 316.531 (mg/g GAE), 81.912%, 6.074, 1.066, and 35.017%, respectively, under the optimized conditions. The major compounds of Hypericum perforatum (hypericin and pseudohypericin) extract were determined as 4.19 µg/g microcapsule and 15.09 µg/g microcapsule, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that the mean particle diameter of the HPMs was 20.36 µm. Based on these results, microencapsulation of HPMs by spray drying is a viable technique which protects the bioactive compounds of HP leaves, facilitating its application in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.

Gluconic Acid Production by Using Recombinant Escherichia coli Waksman pqq+ Cells with a Novel Approach from Biomass Sources.

Gluconic acid (GA) is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, detergent, textile, leather, and concrete industries. However, cost-effective and high-yield production of GA remains a challenge. Due to currently high raw material inputs of GA, various alternative carbohydrate sources are being investigated. Sucrose is one of the cost-effective biomass sources that can be used as feedstock. The most common industrial production of GA is based on wild-type bacteria and fungi, but there are many problems with this production. This study aimed to optimize the production of GA from glucose produced by hydrolysis of sucrose using recombinant E. coli Waksman (W) pqq+ strain. After sucrose was enzymatically hydrolyzed, significant medium components for GA production were determined as glucose, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), peptone, and ammonium phosphate ((NH4)3PO4) using Placket-Burman Design (PBD). Detailed optimization of the medium components that are significant in GA production was carried out using central composite design (CCD), and optimum values of the independent variables examined in maximum GA production (93.5 ± 2.95 g/L) were determined as glucose 95, CaCO3 25, peptone 2, and (NH4)3PO4 1.13 (g/L). Using results obtained in the Erlenmeyer experiments, GA production in the bioreactor was investigated by CCD. The maximum GA efficiency (3.20 ± 0.15 g/L. h) was obtained under conditions where the air supply rate was 10.82 L/min, stirring speed was 656.87 rpm, and CaCO3 concentration was 16.90 g/L. In conclusion, it has been shown that GA can be produced with a high yield with this novel approach using a recombinant strain for GA production from sucrose.

Statistical optimization of bioprocess parameters for enhanced production of bacterial cellulose from K. saccharivorans BC-G1.

Bacterial Cellulose (BC) offers a wide range of applications across various industries, including food, biomedical, and textiles, owing to its distinctive properties. Its unique 3D reticulated network of cellulose nanofibers, imparts excellent mechanical qualities, a high water-holding capacity, and thermal stability. Additionally, it possesses remarkable biocompatibility, biodegradability, high crystallinity, and purity. These attributes have offered significant interest in BC within both academic and industrial sectors. However, BC production is associated with high costs due to the use of expensive growth media and low yields. The study reports the potential of our indigenous isolate, Komagataeibacter saccharivorans BC-G1, as BC producer. Statistical optimization of BC production was carried out using Placket-Burman design and Central composite design, by selecting different parameters. Eight significant factors such as temperature, pH, glucose, yeast, peptone, acetic acid, incubation time and % inoculum were studies using ANOVA-based response surface methodology. Results showed that BC yield (8.5 g/L) with 1.8-fold after optimization of parameters. Maximum cellulose production (8.5 ± 1.8 g/L) was obtained using 2% glucose, 0.3% yeast extract, 0.3% peptone, 0.75% (v/v) acetic acid at pH 7.0 for 10 days of incubation with 4% inoculum at 25 °C under static culture. Main effect graph showed incubation time and acetic acid concentration as the most significant parameters affecting BC production in our study. The physicochemical characterization of produced BC was done using FTIR, XRD and SEM techniques.

Central composite design augmented quality-by-design-based systematic formulation of erlotinib hydrochloride-loaded chitosan-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles.

Aim: This study aimed to formulate erlotinib hydrochloride (ERT-HCL)-loaded chitosan (CS) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) using Quality-by-Design (QbD) to optimize critical quality attributes (CQAs). Materials & methods: Quality target product profile (QTPP) and CQAs were initially established. Based on L8-Taguchi screening and risk assessments, central composite design (CCD) design was used to optimize NPs. Results: ERT-HCL-loaded CS-PLGA NPs had a mean particle diameter, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of 226.50 ± 1.62 d.nm, 27.66 ± 0.64 mV and 78.93 ± 1.94 %w/w, respectively. The NPs exhibited homogenous spherical morphology and sustained release for 72 h. Conclusion: Using systematic QbD approach, ERT-HCL was encapsulated in CS-PLGA NPs, optimizing CQAs. These findings propel future research for improved NSCLC treatment.

Innovative erlotinib-loaded chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles, developed through a systematic QbD approach, promise enhanced drug delivery for NSCLC. Optimized for size, potential and entrapment efficiency, these particles demonstrate sustained release over 72 h. #DrugDelivery #QBD #NSCLC.

A sensitive determination of Brilliant Blue FCF in some food samples using hydrophillic deep eutectic solvent-assisted magnetic nano gel-based dispersive solid phase microextraction prior to spectrophotometric analysis.

A new magnetic nano gel (MNG) was prepared from choline chloride/phenol deep eutectic solvent and magnetic amberlite XAD-7 nanocomposite. The dispersive solid phase micro extraction (dSPME) method was developed for seperation and preconcentration of Brilliant Blue FCF (BB) by the prepared MNG. In this study, firstly, the optimum DES type and mole ratio of DES were investigated before response surface methodology optimization. Then, the effect of the MNG-dSPME experimental parameters were optimized by response surface methodology using central composite design. Under the optimum microextraction conditions, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), preconcentration factor (PF), enhencament factor (EF) were found to be 1.15 µg L-1,3.80 µg L-1, 70, and 88, respectively. It was seen that the recovery of real samples were obtained from 95.5 to 103.6%. The pesent method was succesfully for extraction of BB in some food, personal care samples, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that is presented method on determination of BB by preconcentration with magnetic nano gel. The obtained results showed that the present procedure is effective, sensitive, and has high accuracy for the quantitative detection of BB.