ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Child-to-parent Violence Questionnaire (CPV-Q) in a group of Chinese adolescents. METHODS: A total of 1138 adolescents (15.24 ± 1.17 years old) were tested with the Chinese version of CPV-Q, Parent-Adolescent Conflict Scale, and Adolescent Aggressive Behavior Scale of which 201 adolescents were retested 1 month later. The Chinese version of CPV-Q contains psychological, physical, financial, and control/domain factors with 14 items. RESULTS: The four-factor model has good main fit indicators (father: χ2/df = 3.28, CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06; mother: χ2/df = 3.30, CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06); the scale has good criterion-related validity. The Cronbach's α coefficients of the Chinese version of CPV-Q were 0.89 (father) and 0.88 (mother), and the Cronbach's α coefficients of the four subscales were 0.81 ~ 0.84 (father) and 0.76 ~ 0.85 (mother). The test-retest reliability of the Chinese version of CPV-Q was 0.85 (father) and 0.83 (mother), and the test-retest reliability of the four subscales was 0.80 ~ 0.83 (father) and 0.75 ~ 0.84 (mother). CONCLUSION: Therefore, the CPV-Q has good reliability and validity for Chinese adolescents and can be used as an effective tool to evaluate Chinese adolescents' violence toward their parents.
ABSTRACT
Family violence is a critical public health problem in Latin America. In Peru, family violence continues to be difficult to detect and prevent, with child-to-parent violence (CPV) arising as a key issue. This study aimed to do a psychometric adaptation of a brief scale of evaluation of CPV and intrafamily violence in a sample of Peruvian adolescents. Our study analyzed internal structure, internal consistency (with depression, family satisfaction, and anxiety), convergent validity, and measurement invariance. The study population included 570 adolescents living with both parents (50.2% women). Adequate goodness-of-fit indices were found for the full version of CPV and intrafamily violence of nine items (CFI = 0.991; RMSEA = 0.053) and the version with only CPV of six items (CFI = 0.995; RMSEA = 0.074). The latent correlations between CPV with depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were greater than 0.40. Our study found that the full version of CPV and intrafamily violence (nine items) and the CPV-only version (six items) were invariant by sex. Reliability was adequate in all cases (ω > 0.70). The scale presents evidence of validity and reliability in Peruvian adolescents. It is suitable for epidemiological research on family violence.
Subject(s)
Domestic Violence , Humans , Female , Adolescent , Male , Peru/epidemiology , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , ParentsABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to carry out a psychosocial analysis of child-to-parent violence (CPV) in a sample of school adolescents, considering a set of individual variables (psychological distress, problematic use of social networking sites, and perceived non-conformist social reputation) and family variables (open and problematic communication with parents) according to sex. The sample consisted of 3,731 adolescents (54% boys), aged between 14 and 16 years (M = 14.6 years, SD = 0.567), from the state of Nuevo León, Mexico. The scores of the boys and girls were analyzed to check for differences. Also, correlations between all the study variables were calculated. Finally, a multiple stepwise regression analysis was carried out for the total sample and also for boys and girls separately. Results confirmed the important role of individual variables as predictors of CPV in boys and girls. The main difference between boys and girls was observed in the predictive weight of problematic use of social networking sites, which was higher in girls than in boys. Open communication with the father was a significant factor for predicting the decrease of CPV levels in the case of boys, while open communication with the mother predicted the decrease of CPV in girls. Problematic communication with the mother showed similar values in boys and girls when predicting CPV, however, the predictive weight of problematic communication with the father was higher in girls than in boys. These results are interesting and have important implications for the prevention of CPV.
ABSTRACT
Resumen La exposición a la violencia y las experiencias de abuso infantil son factores de riesgo para su reproducción en la siguiente generación. Muchos estudios han analizado la transmisión intergeneracional de la violencia, aunque en menor medida se ha investigado este fenómeno en Nicaragua. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la relación entre el historial de maltrato en madres nicaragüenses en situación de pobreza y la violencia en la siguiente generación. En el estudio de corte transversal participaron 124 mujeres que han sufrido diversas formas de polivictimización a lo largo de su vida. Los resultados indican que la presencia de violencia en los y las menores se relaciona con el historial de victimización de la madre, circunstancia que predice la violencia ejercida y padecida en la siguiente generación. Visibilizar el maltrato en la infancia constituye un objetivo prioritario, ya que crecer en contextos en los que se normaliza la violencia deriva en su reproducción.
Abstract Exposure to violence in childhood and experiences of child abuse are risk factors for a consequent repetition of them in the next generation. Many studies have analyzed the intergenerational transmission of violence, although this phenomenon has been investigated to a lesser extent in Nicaragua. The objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the history of abuse in Nicaraguan mothers in poverty and the violence in the next generation. The cross-sectional study involved 124 women who have undergone various forms of poly-victimization throughout their lives. The results indicate that the presence of violence in children is related to the mother's victimization history, circumstance that predicts the violence suffered in the next generation. Highlighting and identifying child abuse constitutes a priority objective, since growing up in contexts where violence is normalized leads to its reproduction.
Subject(s)
Child Abuse, Sexual , Child Abuse , Domestic Violence , Crime Victims , Violence Against Women , Exposure to Violence , Poverty , Reproduction , Violence , Risk Factors , Minors , Mothers , NicaraguaABSTRACT
Resumen Las agresiones de hijos a progenitores - o violencia filio-parental - son un problema social relevante. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron explorar la prevalencia de violencia filio-parental en adolescentes mexicanos y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Violencia Filio-Parental (Calvete & Orue, 2016) en esta población. Participaron en el estudio un total de 1417 adolescentes (57% chicas, entre 14 y 19 años). Los agresiones a madres análisis factoriales confirmatorios apoyaron la existencia de cuatro factores de primer orden; agresión psicológica hacia la madre, agresión física hacia la madre, agresión psicológica hacia el padre y agresión física hacia el padre. Asimismo, dos modelos jerárquicos indicaron que estos factores podían ser explicados por dimensiones más amplias de agresión psicológica vs física y de agresión contra la madre vs padre. Se obtuvieron tasas de prevalencia para las diversas modalidades de violencia, que fueron en general inferiores a las obtenidas en otros países. Además, se analizaron las razones para las agresiones, siendo las razones afectivas e instrumentales las más habituales.
Abstract Aggressions against parents -or child-to-parent violence - are a relevant social problem. The aims of the current study were to explore the prevalence of child-to-parent violence in Mexican adolescents and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire (Calvete & Orue, 2016) in this population. A total of 1417 adolescents (57% girls aged 14 to 19) participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the existence of four first-order factors (psychological aggression towards the mother, physical aggression towards the mother, psychological aggression towards the father, and physical aggression towards the father). Moreover, hierarchical models indicated that these factors could be explained by broader dimensions of psychological vs. physical aggression, and aggression against mother vs. father. Prevalence rates were obtained for all types of child-to-parent violence, which were generally lower than those obtained in other countries. In addition, the reasons for the aggressions were analyzed, the most frequent ones being the affective and instrumental reasons.