[Determination of content of nine components in Xinnaojian preparations from different manufacturers by QAMS].

This study established the ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) fingerprint of Xinnaojian preparations. With epicatechin gallate as the internal reference substance, a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) method for determining the content of nine components(gallic acid, epigallocatechin, catechin, caffeine, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, and catechin gallate) in Xinnaojian preparations was established. The content determined by the external standard method(ESM) and QAMS method was compared to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of QAMS method. The results showed that the standard curves of nine components had good linear relationship within the test concentration ranges. The average recoveries were 87.57%-107.4%, and the RSD was 1.5%-2.9%. Except epigallocatechin, the other components showed good repeatability under different experimental conditions. Epigallocatechin could meet the requirements in the same instrument and at the same wavelength. The results generally showed no significant difference between QAMS and ESM. The content of 9 components varied between the samples from different manufacturers, while it showed no significant difference between the samples from the same manufacturer. In summary, the UPLC fingerprint combined with QAMS method is feasible and accurate for determining the content of the nine components, which can be used for rapid quality evaluation of Xinnaojian preparations.

Screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant active compounds from Terminalia chebula fruits by spectrum-effect relationship and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.

Screening and identification of active components from traditional Chinese medicines is rather challenging due to the diversity and complexity of chemical components. Herein, a comprehensive strategy based on a spectrum-effect relationship model and LC-MS analysis was developed to screen active components from Terminalia chebula fruits. The water extract of T. chebula fruits was subjected to macroporous resin column and then eluted successively with water and 30%, 50%, 70%, and 95% ethanol. The 30% ethanol eluate fractions of eighteen batches from T. chebula fruits were used for the spectrum-effect relationship study. The IC50 values for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activities were measured, LC fingerprints were established, and 15 common peaks were specified. The spectrum-effect relationship between common peaks and IC50 values was investigated by principal component analysis, gray relational analysis, partial least square and multiple linear regression. The 30% ethanol eluate fraction was further characterized by LC-MS analysis. The chromatographic peaks (Peaks 1, 2, 3, 5, 12, 14, 15) making great contributions to the efficacy were screened through a spectrum-effect relationship model, and sixteen components were further identified. The results suggested that the proposed strategy is simple and effective for acquiring active components from a complex matrix.

Comprehensive evaluation of Loblolly fruit by high performance liquid chromatography four wavelength fusion fingerprint combined with gas chromatography fingerprinting and antioxidant activity analysis.

Loblolly fruit (LBF) is mainly used as raw material for beverage, but there are few researches on its quality evaluation or control. The aim of this study was to develop comprehensive evaluation methods for the quality control of Loblolly fruit. firstly, double wavelength coefficient ratio spectrum was used to identify the purity of chromatographic fingerprint peak. It is very important to identify the purity of fingerprint peaks because only the quantitative determination of pure chromatographic peaks is meaningful for its efficient quality control. Then, multi-wavelength fusion fingerprint was established to avoid one-sidedness of a single wavelength for further evaluation by systematically quantified fingerprint method (SQFM). According to the outcome of Pm, 25 batches of LBF were classified into two classifications by hierarchical cluster analysis, which was consistent with the SQFM evaluation results. Two active components, gallic acid (GAC) and ethyl gallate (EGA) in LBF, were quantitatively determined by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS). In addition, the fingerprint efficacy relationship was established using an off-line antioxidant system and partial least-squares model to explore the connection between chemical components and antioxidant activities. Finally, the evaluation results of high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography were integrated by the mean algorithm, which could reduce the error caused by single method. The results showed that the proposed strategy could provide a method for quality evaluation of LBF and even other traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs).

High performance liquid chromatography fingerprint and headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics for the species authentication of Curcumae Rhizoma.

Curcumae Rhizoma (Ezhu), a multi-origin Chinese medicine, originates from the dry rhizomes of C. kwangsiensis, C. phaeocaulis and C. wenyujin. The three species have great variation in chemical components and therapeutic effects. To improve safety and effectiveness in clinical use, a strategy integrating chromatographic analysis and chemometrics for the species authentication of Ezhu was proposed. Firstly, systematic analysis of chemical compositions in Ezhu was achieved using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint and headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). HPLC fingerprints showed that seventeen peaks in common for C. kwangsiensis and eleven peaks in common for C. wenyujin both presented a good similarity (> 0.9, only several samples < 0.8). Eleven common peaks in C. phaeocaulis and the similarity values of most samples were higher than 0.700. Additionally, there were ten common peaks in all Ezhu samples and they had relatively poor similarity with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.364 to 0.881. For HS-GC-MS, thirty-six volatile components were identified in the three species of Ezhu, mainly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Subsequently, chemometrics including unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA), supervised linear discriminant analysis (LDA), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), back propagation neural network (BP-NN) and orthogonal partial least squares-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to extract useful information from chromatographic profiles. Based on HPLC fingerprint data, PCA could hardly differentiate Ezhu with the three species, and LDA, KNN and BP-NN models provided more than 85 % correct identification. With HS-GC-MS data, PCA could only distinguish C. wenyujin from the other two species, and LDA, KNN, BP-NN and OPLS-DA models achieved excellent classification with 100 % accuracy. Finally, five volatile components (eucalyptol, humulene, ß-elemene, (+)-2-bornanone and linalool) with variable importance for the projection (VIP) values higher than 1 in the OPLS-DA model were selected as potential chemical markers for the species authentication of Ezhu. And the constructed OPLS-DA model using these markers obtained 100 % accuracy. Consequently, a rapid, precise and feasible strategy was established for the discrimination and quality control of Ezhu with different species.

Gender discrimination of Populus tomentosa barks by HPLC fingerprint combined with multivariate statistics.

A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint method with multivariate statistical analyses was applied to discriminate the male and female barks of Populus tomentosa for the first time. The samples of 11 male and 13 female barks of mature P. tomentosa were collected in Beijing. The chemical fingerprint of methanol extract was established by HPLC method with diode array detector (DAD). The principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to discriminate male and female barks based on the area of common peaks identified in HPLC fingerprints. A clear grouping trend (R 2 X, 0.83; Q 2, 0.595) among the male and female samples was exhibited by PCA score plot. Two groups were clearly divided into male and female samples by HCA. Both male and female samples were well discriminated with OPLS-DA (R 2 X, 0.775; Q 2, 0.795). Seven potential chemical markers were screened by variable importance in projection (VIP values >1.0) of OPLS-DA model and four of them were identified as micranthoside, siebolside B, sakuranin, and isosakuranin. The HPLC fingerprint combined with multivariate statistical analyses could be used to discriminate the gender of barks of P. tomentosa and revealed the differences in chemical components, which enriched the basic studies on dioecious plant.

[Source control of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid--research on quality of Taraxaci Herba based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography fingerprint].

Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid has been widely used in the clinical treatment of inflammatory diseases such as upper respiratory tract infections. Taraxaci Herba, as the monarch medicine in Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid, due to its multi-source, multi-origin characteristics, and the difference in the content of active ingredients in different medicinal parts, has become a potential factor for the unstable quality among different batches of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid. In this paper, Thermo Scientific Vanquish ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) system was used, and the Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System(2012 Edition) issued by National Pharmacopoeia Commission was used for processing and analysis. The main common peaks were identified and contents were determined by comparison with reference substances. Fingerprints of Taraxaci Herba medicinal materials from different origins were established. 13 common peaks were identified, and 29 batches of samples from five origins had similarities above 0.90. At the same time, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the determination of monocaffeoyl tartaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, chicoic acid, and luteolin in Taraxaci Herba. The quantitative analysis conditions were verified by methodology, and the average sample recovery was 97.30%-101.8%. The results showed that the content of the same ingredient in Taraxaci Herba from different origins and different medicinal parts was obviously different, and the fluctua-tion range was also different for different ingredients. The establishment of UPLC fingerprints for Taraxaci Herba from different regions combined with multi-component content determination methods provides a reference for improving the quality control of Taraxaci Herba medicinal materials, and also provides a source guarantee for the quality improvement of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid.

High-performance liquid chromatography-based fingerprint analysis with chemical pattern recognition for evaluation of Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr.

A simple and efficient high-performance liquid chromatography method combined with chemical pattern recognition was established for quality evaluation of Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. A common pattern of 30 characteristic peaks was applied for similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis in the 37 batches of M. bealei (Fort.) Carr. to discriminate wild M. bealei (Fort.) Carr., cultivated M. bealei (Fort.) Carr., and its substitutes. The results showed that partial least squares discriminant analysis was the most effective method for discrimination. Eight characteristics peaks with higher variable importance in projection values were selected for pattern recognition model. A permutation test and 26 batches of testing set samples were performed to validate the model that was successfully established. All of the training and testing set samples were correctly classified into three clusters (wild M. bealei (Fort.) Carr., cultivated M. bealei (Fort.) Carr., and its substitutes) based on the selected chemical markers. Moreover, 26 batches of unknown samples were used to predict the accuracy of the established model with a discrimination accuracy of 100%. The obtained results indicated that the method showed great potential application for accurate evaluation and prediction of the quality of M. bealei (Fort.) Carr.

A strategy for qualitative and quantitative profiling of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and detection of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory components by spectrum-effect relationship and multivariate statistical analysis.

This study established a spectrum-effect relationship method for screening and quantifying the analgesic and anti-inflammatory active ingredients in Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (AP) by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry detector analysis (UPLC-QDA). First, the fingerprint of AP was established to determine the common peaks. Next, six batches of AP samples, with significant differences, were selected for evaluation of pharmacological activity. Subsequently, the spectrum-effect relationship was used to screen the active ingredients. Finally, the screened ingredients were quantified using UPLC-QDA. In total, 21 common peaks were identified and four effective compounds (bergapten, columbianetin acetate, osthole and isoimperatorin) were selected using the gray relational analysis and partial least squares regression analysis. Quantitative analysis showed that the content of the four effective compounds was the highest in a randomly selected batch, S7 (Hubei). To our knowledge, this is the first attempt that evaluated the quality and spectrum-effect relationship of AP by quantitative analysis and chemometrics. This study identified the key pharmacologically active components of AP and thereby improved the quality evaluation system of AP. This method has broad application prospects for screening effective components and will be helpful in establishing more reliable, scientific and reasonable quality standards for AP and other traditional Chinese medicines.

Assessing Geographical Origin of Gentiana Rigescens Using Untargeted Chromatographic Fingerprint, Data Fusion and Chemometrics.

Gentiana rigescens Franchet, which is famous for its bitter properties, is a traditional drug of chronic hepatitis and important raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry in China. In the study, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), coupled with diode array detector (DAD) and chemometrics, were used to investigate the chemical geographical variation of G. rigescens and to classify medicinal materials, according to their grown latitudes. The chromatographic fingerprints of 280 individuals and 840 samples from rhizomes, stems, and leaves of four different latitude areas were recorded and analyzed for tracing the geographical origin of medicinal materials. At first, HPLC fingerprints of underground and aerial parts were generated while using reversed-phase liquid chromatography. After the preliminary data exploration, two supervised pattern recognition techniques, random forest (RF) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), were applied to the three HPLC fingerprint data sets of rhizomes, stems, and leaves, respectively. Furthermore, fingerprint data sets of aerial and underground parts were separately processed and joined while using two data fusion strategies ("low-level" and "mid-level"). The results showed that classification models that are based OPLS-DA were more efficient than RF models. The classification models using low-level data fusion method built showed considerably good recognition and prediction abilities (the accuracy is higher than 99% and sensibility, specificity, Matthews correlation coefficient, and efficiency range from 0.95 to 1.00). Low-level data fusion strategy combined with OPLS-DA could provide the best discrimination result. In summary, this study explored the latitude variation of phytochemical of G. rigescens and developed a reliable and accurate identification method for G. rigescens that were grown at different latitudes based on untargeted HPLC fingerprint, data fusion, and chemometrics. The study results are meaningful for authentication and the quality control of Chinese medicinal materials.

Accurate discrimination of Gastrodia elata from different geographical origins using high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint combined with boosting partial least-squares discriminant analysis.

Gastrodia elata from different geographical origins varies in quality and pharmacological activity. This study focused on the classification and identification of Gastrodia elata from six producing areas using high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint combined with boosting partial least-squares discriminant analysis. Before recognition analysis, a principal component analysis was applied to ascertain the discrimination possibility with high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints. And then, boosting partial least-squares discriminant analysis and conventional partial least-squares discriminant analysis were applied in this study. Experimental results indicated that the adaptive iteratively reweighted penalized least-squares algorithm could eliminate the baseline drift of high-performance liquid chromatography chromatograms effectively. And compared with partial least-squares discriminant analysis, the total recognition rates using high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint combined with boosting partial least-squares discriminant analysis for the calibration sets and prediction sets were improved from 94 to 100% and 86 to 97%, respectively. In conclusion, high-performance liquid chromatography combined with boosting partial least-squares discriminant analysis, which has such advantages as effective, specific, accurate, non-polluting, has an edge for discrimination of traditional Chinese medicine from different geographical origins. And the proposed methodology is a useful tool to classify and identify Gastrodia elata from different geographical origins.

[Spectrum-effect relationships on enriching blood activities of aerial parts of Angelica sinenis].

Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to establish the chromatography fingerprint for aerial parts of Angelica sinenis(AAS) from 10 different places. Acetyl-phenyl-hydrazine(APH) was used to duplicate the mouse model of blood deficiency. Then partial least squares regression was used to investigate the spectrum-effect relationship between the relative contents and the data of enriching blood pharmacodynamics efficacy. The results showed that the three groups of high, medium and low doses of AAS had certain enriching blood activities(P<0.05), and the high dose group had the best effect(P<0.01). The contribution degree of the AAS to enriching blood activities of each common peaks were determined by PLS regression coefficient. Among them, 7 common peaks, including P17(unknown), P18(unknown), P19(unknown), P28(alisol B 23-acetate or its isomer), N5(luteolin), N11(1-caffeoylquinicacid,1-O-caffeoylquinic acid) and N14(unknown), contributed significantly to the effect of enriching blood activities. This paper dealed with the investigation on the spectrum-effect relationship between enriching blood activities and LC-MS chromatography fingerprint of AAS, and determination of the effective compositions of AAS with enriching blood activities. It provided theoretical foundation for the comprehensive development and utilization of AAS.

Identification of anti-inflammatory components in Sinomenii Caulis based on spectrum-effect relationship and chemometric methods.

The present study aimed to identify the anti-inflammatory components in Sinomenii Caulis (SC) based on spectrum-effect relationship and chemometric methods. A phytochemical investigation of SC extract was performed firstly and afforded eleven potential bioactive compounds. The HPLC fingerprints of 19 batches of SC samples were evaluated by the chemometric methods such as similarity analysis (SA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The anti-inflammatory effects of these samples were determined by inhibition of Nitric Oxide (NO) production. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to explore the spectrum-effect relationship of SC. The results indicated that there was a close correlation between chemical fingerprint and anti-inflammatory activity of SC, and peaks 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19 and 22 might be potential anti-inflammatory compounds in SC. The verification experiments by testing individual compounds and a combination of them indicated that sinomenine (P8), magnoflorine (P13), menisperine (P16) and stepharanine (P19) were the major anti-inflammatory compounds in SC. Collectively, the present study established the spectrum-effect relationship mode of SC and discovered the anti-inflammatory compounds in SC, which could be used for exploration of bioactive components and quality control of herbal medicines.

Spectrum-effect relationships between high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints and anti-inflammatory activities of Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.) Beauv.

Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.) Beauv. is used therapeutically to prevent numerous diseases. Historically, L. leontopodioides extracts have been used to treat influenza infections, bronchitis, acute and chronic nephritis, proteinuria, hematuria, and diabetes. However, the bioactive compounds that are responsible for the associated therapeutic effects have not yet been characterized. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography was utilized to study the anti-inflammatory properties of L. leontopodioides through analysis of spectrum-effect relationships. The bioactive compounds that correlated with anti-inflammatory activities were partially identified. Following aqueous extraction, a variety of different polar organic solvents including petrol ether extracts, ethyl acetate extracts, n-butanol extracts, and residual aqueous extracts were successfully isolated from L. leontopodioides. These extracts were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography to generate HPLC fingerprints. A total of 32 common peaks were selected following a similarity analysis (SA). The spectrum-effect relationship was subsequently studied and inflammatory factors were identified following acute inflammatory experiments. The results revealed that the main peaks associated with anti-inflammatory activities were x1, x3, x4, x13, x14, x16 for interleukin-1 (IL-1), x5, x8, x9, x18, x26, x27, x30, x31, x32 for interleukin-6 (IL-6), and x28 and x29 for leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Following analysis of HPLC data, peaks x9 and x14 were identified as chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid, respectively. The current study utilized HPLC and pharmacological analyses to formulate a spectrum-effect relationship and identify bioactive compounds in L. leontopodioides.

Spectrum-effect relationships on enriching blood activities of aerial parts of Angelica sinenis / 中国中药杂志

Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to establish the chromatography fingerprint for aerial parts of Angelica sinenis(AAS) from 10 different places. Acetyl-phenyl-hydrazine(APH) was used to duplicate the mouse model of blood deficiency. Then partial least squares regression was used to investigate the spectrum-effect relationship between the relative contents and the data of enriching blood pharmacodynamics efficacy. The results showed that the three groups of high, medium and low doses of AAS had certain enriching blood activities(P<0.05), and the high dose group had the best effect(P<0.01). The contribution degree of the AAS to enriching blood activities of each common peaks were determined by PLS regression coefficient. Among them, 7 common peaks, including P17(unknown), P18(unknown), P19(unknown), P28(alisol B 23-acetate or its isomer), N5(luteolin), N11(1-caffeoylquinicacid,1-O-caffeoylquinic acid) and N14(unknown), contributed significantly to the effect of enriching blood activities. This paper dealed with the investigation on the spectrum-effect relationship between enriching blood activities and LC-MS chromatography fingerprint of AAS, and determination of the effective compositions of AAS with enriching blood activities. It provided theoretical foundation for the comprehensive development and utilization of AAS.

Study on HPLC-DAD-ELSD fingerprint of Ilex kudingcha / 中草药

Objective In this paper, HPLC-DAD-ELSD technique was used to establish the chromatography fingerprint of Ilex kudingcha. Methods Shimadzu C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used. Acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase; The flow speed was 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 210 nm and the column temperature was 35 ℃. Results The chromatography fingerprint of Ilex kudingcha from 10 different origins was established. In the chromatography fingerprint with HPLC-DAD of Ilex kudingcha, 18 common peaks were damarcated and the similarities of Ilex kudingcha were between 0.911-0.970, and the chromatography fingerprint with HPLC-ELSD of Ilex kudingcha, 11 common peaks were damarcated and the similarities of Ilex kudingcha were between 0.914-0.962. Chlorogenic acid, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-β- D-rhamnoside, kudinoside C, kudinoside A, kudinoside E, kudinoside D were confired by LC-MS and binding control. Conclusion The method of precision, reproducibility, stability is accurate, which can be used as the evaluation of the quality of Ilex kudingcha.

Quality control and in vitro antioxidant potential of Coriandrum sativum Linn.

BACKGROUND: Coriandrum sativum Linn., commonly known as coriander, is a well-known spice and drug in India. It has various health-related benefits and used in various Unani formulations. In this present study, quality assessment of coriander fruits was carried out by studying anatomical characters, physicochemical tests, and chemoprofiling using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) along with in vitro antioxidant potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standardization was carried out as per the pharmacopeial guidelines. Estimation of heavy metals, pesticides, and aflatoxins was carried out to ascertain the presence of any contaminant in the sample. Chemoprofiling was achieved by thin layer chromatography (TLC) by optimizing the mobile phase for different extracts. The most of the pharmacological activities of coriander are based on volatile oil constituents. Hence, GC-MS profiling was also carried out using hexane-soluble fraction of hydro-alcoholic extract. The total phenolic contents and in vitro antioxidant efficacy were determined using previously established methods. RESULTS: The quality control and anatomical studies were very valuable for the identification whereas good antioxidant potential was observed when compared to ascorbic acid. The drug was found free of contaminant when analyzed for pesticides and aflatoxins whereas heavy metals were found under reported limits. CONCLUSION: The work embodied in this present research can be utilized for the identification and the quality control of the coriander fruit.

Comparative study of low-energy ultrasonic and alkaline treatment on biosludge from secondary industrial wastewater treatment.

In this study, low-energy ultrasonic (3 and 6 kJ/g volatile solids of feed biomass (FB) which was lower than the heat value of the FB), alkaline, and ultrasonic-alkaline pretreatments were applied on FB, a biosludge from secondary industrial wastewater treatment. Biochemical methane potential (BMP), particle size distribution, Biomass Stress Index (BSI™), soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), protein, carbohydrate, and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) fingerprints were used to comparatively study the mechanisms of these pretreatment methods. The results indicated that low-energy ultrasonication and alkali exhibited significantly different impacts on the FB. After ultrasonication with energy input of 6 kJ/g-VS, the average particle size of FB was reduced from 102.6 to 19.4 µm. However, ultrasonication had no obvious effect on microbial cells rupture, solubilization of protein and carbohydrate, and SEC fingerprint. Consequently, low-energy ultrasonication could not enhance methane generation. However, after alkaline pretreatment with dosage of 0.3 g-NaOH/g-VS, SCOD, soluble protein, and soluble carbohydrate concentration of FB increased from 0.66, 0.00, 0.07 to 2.83, 0.83, 0.47 g/L, respectively. At the same time, BSI™ increased from 5.3% to 96.8%, and the SEC fingerprint changed significantly. Consequently, the methane generation in the BMP test increased from 68.9 to 135.0 mL. Ultrasonic-alkaline pretreatment was similar to alkaline pretreatment in terms of methane generation. Based on this study, alkaline pretreatment is recommended over both low-energy ultrasonic and low-energy ultrasonic-alkaline pretreatment to enhance the biodegradability of FB.

Quality Assessment of Psoralea fructus by HPLC Fingerprint Coupled with Multi-components Analysis.

Psoralea Fructus, the dried and ripe fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L., have been used as traditional medicine. There is substantial evidence that multiple constituents are responsible for the beneficial effects of this medicine. To effectively control the quality of this herbal medicine, HPLC fingerprint analysis was performed on a SinoChrom ODS-BP column with mobile phase of a gradient prepared from H2O and CH3CN, which the conditions used for gradient elution were: 0-10 min, 5-45% CH3CN; 10-45 min, 45-70% CH3CN; 45-50 min, 70-100% CH3CN; 50-60 min, 100-100% CH3CN, and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. It was obtained on the basis of the chromatographic data from 28 batches of samples, which contained 26 common peaks and 13 peaks were identified by the electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry as psoralen, isopsoralen, isobavachin, neobavaisoflavone, bavachin, corylin, broussochalcone B, psoralidin, isobavachalcone, bavachinin, corylifol A, bavachalcone and backuchiol. The contents of these 13 compounds were also simultaneously examined. By using principal component analysis, 28 batches of samples collected from 6 producing locations with different collecting time were evaluated and differentiated. In summary, the data as described in this study offer valuable information for quality control and proper use of Psoralea Fructus.

High performance thin layer chromatography fingerprinting, phytochemical and physico-chemical studies of anti-diabetic herbal extracts.

INTRODUCTION: Herbal medicines have gained increasing popularity in the last few decades, and this global resurgence of herbal medicines increases their commercial value. However, this increasing demand has resulted in a decline in their quality, primarily due to a lack of adequate regulations pertaining to herbal medicines. AIM: To develop an optimized methodology for the standardization of herbal raw materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study has been designed to examine each of the five herbal anti-diabetic drugs, Gymnema sylvester R. Br., Pterocarpus marsupium Roxburgh., Enicostema littorale Blume., Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. and Emblica officinalis Gaertn. The in-house extracts and marketed extracts were evaluated using physicochemical parameters, preliminary phytochemical screening, quantification of polyphenols (Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint profiling with reference to marker compounds in plant extracts. RESULTS: All the plants mainly contain polyphenolic compounds and are quantified in the range of 3.6-21.72% w/w. E. officinalis contain the highest and E. littorale contain the lowest content of polyphenol among plant extracts analyzed. HPTLC fingerprinting showed that the in-house extracts were of better quality than marketed extracts. CONCLUSION: The results obtained from the study could be utilized for setting limits for the reference phytoconstituents (biomarker) for the quality control and quality assurance of these anti-diabetic drugs.

Study on HPLC-DAD-ELSD fingerprint of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix / 中草药

Objective: To establish the chromatography fingerprint of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix with hyphenated technique of HPLC-DAD-ELSD and to evaluate Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix from 10 different origins. Methods: Luna C18 (2) column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used. Mobile phase was acetonitrile-H2O; Flow speed was 1.0 mL/min; Temperature of column was set at 35℃; Detective wavelength was at 254 nm; Injection volume was 10 μL. The temperature of drift tube was 109℃ and the flow speed was 3.0 L/min. Results: The chromatography fingerprint of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix from 10 different origins was established. In the chromatography fingerprint with HPLC-DAD of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix, 19 common peaks were demarcated and the similarities of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix were between 0.938-0.993. In the chromatography fingerprint with HPLC-ELSD of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix, 14 common peaks were demarcated and the similarities of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix were between 0.905-0.999. Polydatin, resveratrol, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside, emodin, and physcion were identified. Conclusion: The method is accurate and stable, which can be used as the evidence for the quality evaluation of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix.