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1.
Nanomaterials (Basel) ; 13(6)2023 Mar 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36985876

ABSTRACT

Herein, we carefully investigated the Fe3+ doping effects on the structure and electron distribution of Cr2O3 nanoparticles using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), maximum entropy method (MEM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We showed that increasing the Fe doping induces an enlargement in the axial ratio of c/a, which is associated with an anisotropic expansion of the unit cell. We found that as Fe3+ replaces Cr in the Cr2O3 lattice, it caused a higher interaction between the metal 3d states and the oxygen 2p states, which led to a slight increase in the Cr/Fe-O1 bond length followed by an opposite effect for the Cr/Fe-O2 bonds. Our results also suggest that the excitations characterize a well-localized bandgap region from occupied Cr d to unoccupied Fe d states. The Cr2O3 and Fe-doped Cr2O3 nanoparticles behave as Mott-Hubbard insulators due to their band gap being in the d-d gap, and Cr 3d orbitals dominate the conduction band. These findings suggest that the magnitude and the character of the electronic density near the O atom bonds in Cr2O3 nanoparticles are modulated by the Cr-Cr distances until its stabilization at the induced quasi-equilibrium of the Cr2O3 lattice when the Fe3+ doping values reaches the saturation level range.

2.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 53(6): 539, 2021 Nov 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34761279

ABSTRACT

We executed two studies to investigate time to reach steady state (EXP1) and diurnal variations (EXP 2) of markers, in order to recommend spot fecal sampling in sheep. Eight lambs were used in EXP 1. Each animal has received titanium dioxide (TDOX) and chromium oxide (COX) together during two periods of 15 days. Thirty sheep of the Santa Ines breed were used in EXP 2. Fecal samples were taken with 2-h intervals in the last 5 days of each period, simultaneously to total feces collection. A sine-cosine model was used to evaluate EXP 2, and broken-line model for EXP 1. TDOX could complete its recovery after 2.3 days, and it could accurately promote fecal estimates after 3 days of marker infusion. COX could stabilize after 4.1 days, and it could promote fecal estimates after 5 days. However, estimated fecal excretion became similar to total feces output after 3 days for TDOX and after 6 days for COX. For both markers, a total 6 days of adaptation period could be summed to a 3-day collection period. Spot sampling was similar to total fecal output at 6:00 to 8:00 on morning and between 5:00 and 7:00 on afternoon for TDOX. Also, COX could be sampled at 6:00 to 8:00 on morning and between 5:00 and 7:00 on afternoon. External markers could be evaluated from 3-day fecal spot collection. Fecal collections could be made before the morning feeding, and around 6 p.m. for both markers.


Subject(s)
Feces , Animals , Biomarkers , Sheep
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(5): 1577-1585, set.-out. 2018. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-20694

ABSTRACT

he study was carried out to evaluate the forage intake and performance of beef heifers from 15 to 18 months of age, grazing on Alexandergrass (Urochloaplantaginea (Link) Hitch) fed rice bran (RB; 0, 0.5 and 1.0% body weight (BW)). The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design with repeated measurement arrangement. Rice bran increased the total dry matter (DM) intake, total crude protein intake and total digestible nutrients intake. Heifers that received 1.0% BW of RB reduced forage DM intake, increasing by 18% stocking rate (SR) and by 27% BW gain per area in comparison with the system exclusively on pasture. In the system in which the heifers were fed 0.5% BW of RB, SR and gain per area were similar to other systems. In this feeding system, we observed average daily gain 18% higher than when heifers were exclusively on pasture and gain similar to that observed when using 1.0% BW of RB. In Alexandergrass pasture it is recommended to supply 0.5% BW of RB for beef heifers from 15 to 18 months of age, to promote better productive responses compared to heifers exclusively on pasture and similar to those observed when supplying 1.0% BW of RB.(AU)


O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o consumo de forragem e o desempenho de novilhas de corte dos 15 aos 18 meses de idade, em pastejo em papuã (Urochloaplantaginea(Link) Hitch), recebendo farelo de arroz integral (FAI) como suplemento (0, 0,5 e 1,0% do peso corporal (PC)). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com medidas repetidas no tempo. O uso de FAI aumentou o consumo total de matéria seca (MS), o consumo total de proteína bruta e de nutrientes digestíveis totais em relação às novilhas exclusivamente em pastejo. As novilhas que receberam 1,0% do PC de FAI reduziram o consumo de MS da forragem, aumentando em 18% a taxa de lotação (TxLot) e em 27% o ganho de PC por hectare (GPA) em comparação com o sistema exclusivamente a pasto. No sistema em que as novilhas receberam 0,5% do PC de FAI, a TxLot e o GPA foram similares aos demais sistemas. Nesse sistema alimentar, foi observado GDM 18% superior em relação às novilhas exclusivamente em pastejo e ganho similar ao uso de 1,0% do PC de FAI. Em pastagem de papuã, é recomendado o uso de 0,5% do PC de FAI para novilhas de corte dos 15 aos 18 meses de idade, por promover respostas produtivas superiores em relação às novilhas exclusivamente em pastejo e semelhantes às observadas quando fornecido 1,0% do PC de FAI.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle/metabolism , Dietary Supplements , Pasture/analysis
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(5): 1577-1585, set.-out. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-947428

ABSTRACT

he study was carried out to evaluate the forage intake and performance of beef heifers from 15 to 18 months of age, grazing on Alexandergrass (Urochloaplantaginea (Link) Hitch) fed rice bran (RB; 0, 0.5 and 1.0% body weight (BW)). The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design with repeated measurement arrangement. Rice bran increased the total dry matter (DM) intake, total crude protein intake and total digestible nutrients intake. Heifers that received 1.0% BW of RB reduced forage DM intake, increasing by 18% stocking rate (SR) and by 27% BW gain per area in comparison with the system exclusively on pasture. In the system in which the heifers were fed 0.5% BW of RB, SR and gain per area were similar to other systems. In this feeding system, we observed average daily gain 18% higher than when heifers were exclusively on pasture and gain similar to that observed when using 1.0% BW of RB. In Alexandergrass pasture it is recommended to supply 0.5% BW of RB for beef heifers from 15 to 18 months of age, to promote better productive responses compared to heifers exclusively on pasture and similar to those observed when supplying 1.0% BW of RB.(AU)


O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o consumo de forragem e o desempenho de novilhas de corte dos 15 aos 18 meses de idade, em pastejo em papuã (Urochloaplantaginea(Link) Hitch), recebendo farelo de arroz integral (FAI) como suplemento (0, 0,5 e 1,0% do peso corporal (PC)). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com medidas repetidas no tempo. O uso de FAI aumentou o consumo total de matéria seca (MS), o consumo total de proteína bruta e de nutrientes digestíveis totais em relação às novilhas exclusivamente em pastejo. As novilhas que receberam 1,0% do PC de FAI reduziram o consumo de MS da forragem, aumentando em 18% a taxa de lotação (TxLot) e em 27% o ganho de PC por hectare (GPA) em comparação com o sistema exclusivamente a pasto. No sistema em que as novilhas receberam 0,5% do PC de FAI, a TxLot e o GPA foram similares aos demais sistemas. Nesse sistema alimentar, foi observado GDM 18% superior em relação às novilhas exclusivamente em pastejo e ganho similar ao uso de 1,0% do PC de FAI. Em pastagem de papuã, é recomendado o uso de 0,5% do PC de FAI para novilhas de corte dos 15 aos 18 meses de idade, por promover respostas produtivas superiores em relação às novilhas exclusivamente em pastejo e semelhantes às observadas quando fornecido 1,0% do PC de FAI.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle/metabolism , Dietary Supplements/statistics & numerical data , Pasture/analysis
5.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 89(3): 1935-1942, July-Sept. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886759

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The use of animals from dairy farms is an alternative to meat production since it provides an increment of total income for farmers. This study aims to evaluate the performance of Holstein calves finished in two feeding systems (feedlot or pasture). Forty-three animals with 58 days old and 57 kg were divided in two treatments: 23 animals finished in feedlot with corn silage plus concentrate based on corn and soybean meal (40:60); 20 animals kept in cultivated pastures according to the period of the year: Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) with supplementation with the same feedlot-concentrate at 1% body weight. Animals were slaughtered with 200 kg. Dry matter and nutrient intake were determined, with the use of chromium oxide for estimating pasture intake. Feedlot animals had greater total intake and total digestible nutrients, resulting in higher average daily gain (0.949 vs 0.694 kg day-1). Crude protein intake, neutral detergent fiber and feed conversion did not show significant differences. Holstein calves have improved performance when finished in feedlot.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Silage/analysis , Energy Intake/physiology , Animal Feed , Animal Husbandry , Seasons , Lolium , Cattle , Pennisetum , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Nutritive Value
6.
Sci Total Environ ; 565: 951-960, 2016 Sep 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26803219

ABSTRACT

With the growth of nanotechnology and widespread use of nanomaterials, there is an increasing risk of environmental contamination by nanomaterials. However, the potential implications of such environmental contamination are hard to evaluate since the toxicity of nanomaterials if often not well characterized. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of a chromium-based nanoparticle, Cr2O3-NP, used in a wide diversity of industrial processes and commercial products, on the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The deleterious impacts of Cr2O3-NP were characterized using cell density measurements, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), esterase enzymes activity, and photosystem II electron transport as indicators of toxicity. Cr2O3-NP exposure inhibited culture growth and significantly lowered cellular Chlorophyll a content. From cell density measurements, EC50 values of 2.05±0.20 and 1.35±0.06gL(-1) Cr2O3-NP were obtained after 24 and 72h of exposure, respectively. In addition, ROS levels were increased to 160.24±2.47% and 59.91±0.15% of the control value after 24 and 72h of exposition to 10gL(-1) Cr2O3-NP. At 24h of exposure, the esterase activity increased to 160.24% of control value, revealing a modification of the short-term metabolic response of algae to Cr2O3-NP exposure. In conclusion, the metabolism of C. reinhardtii was the most sensitive to Cr2O3-NP after 24h of treatment.


Subject(s)
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/drug effects , Chromium Compounds/toxicity , Environmental Pollutants/toxicity , Metal Nanoparticles/toxicity , Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/cytology , Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/physiology , Photosystem II Protein Complex/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
7.
Acta Sci. Anim. Sci. ; 37(4): 365-371, out.-dez. 2015. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-15249

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to evaluate the use of chromium oxide and the content of fecal nitrogen to estimate forage intake by female lambs on Italian ryegrass pasture. The pasture was managed under different forage allowances (FA): 6, 9 and 12% BW. The experiment was a randomized split-split plot design, in which the forage allowances were considered as main plots, the phenological stages as subplots and methods to determine intake as sub-subplots. Forage intake, in the ryegrass vegetative stage, is independent of forage allowance. Lower allowances limit forage intake from the pre-flowering stage, while at the reproductive stage, intake was lower in FA6, intermediate in FA9 and higher in FA12. The estimation of organic matter intake by lambs on Italian ryegrass is similar when chromium oxide and fecal nitrogen are used as markers. The forage intake according to forage allowances depends on the sward structure and is limited by high stem mass at the end of the phenological cycle.(AU)


Este experimento foi realizado para mensurar a ingestão de forragem por cordeiras, em pastagem de azevém, utilizando o óxido de cromo e o teor de nitrogênio fecal. A pastagem foi manejada sob distintas ofertas de forragem (OF): 6, 9 e 12% do PC. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com estrutura de parcelas sub subdivididas, sendo as ofertas de forragem as parcelas principais, os estádios fenológicos, as subparcelas e os métodos de determinação da ingestão as sub sub-parcelas. A ingestão nos estádios vegetativo do azevém independe da oferta de forragem. As menores ofertas limitam a ingestão de forragem a partir do pré-florescimento enquanto no estádio reprodutivo do azevém a ingestão é menor na OF6, intermediária na OF9 e maior OF12. A estimativa da ingestão de matéria orgânica por cordeiras em pastagem de azevém é similar quando são utilizados o óxido de cromo e o nitrogênio fecal como marcadores. A ingestão de forragem em função das ofertas de forragem é dependente da estrutura do dossel e é limitada no final do ciclo do pasto em função da elevada massa de colmos <(>AU)ipt


Subject(s)
Pasture/analysis , Pasture/methods , Pasture/policies , Lolium/adverse effects , Sheep
8.
Acta sci., Anim. sci ; 37(4): 365-371, out.-dez. 2015. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1459629

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to evaluate the use of chromium oxide and the content of fecal nitrogen to estimate forage intake by female lambs on Italian ryegrass pasture. The pasture was managed under different forage allowances (FA): 6, 9 and 12% BW. The experiment was a randomized split-split plot design, in which the forage allowances were considered as main plots, the phenological stages as subplots and methods to determine intake as sub-subplots. Forage intake, in the ryegrass vegetative stage, is independent of forage allowance. Lower allowances limit forage intake from the pre-flowering stage, while at the reproductive stage, intake was lower in FA6, intermediate in FA9 and higher in FA12. The estimation of organic matter intake by lambs on Italian ryegrass is similar when chromium oxide and fecal nitrogen are used as markers. The forage intake according to forage allowances depends on the sward structure and is limited by high stem mass at the end of the phenological cycle.


Este experimento foi realizado para mensurar a ingestão de forragem por cordeiras, em pastagem de azevém, utilizando o óxido de cromo e o teor de nitrogênio fecal. A pastagem foi manejada sob distintas ofertas de forragem (OF): 6, 9 e 12% do PC. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com estrutura de parcelas sub subdivididas, sendo as ofertas de forragem as parcelas principais, os estádios fenológicos, as subparcelas e os métodos de determinação da ingestão as sub sub-parcelas. A ingestão nos estádios vegetativo do azevém independe da oferta de forragem. As menores ofertas limitam a ingestão de forragem a partir do pré-florescimento enquanto no estádio reprodutivo do azevém a ingestão é menor na OF6, intermediária na OF9 e maior OF12. A estimativa da ingestão de matéria orgânica por cordeiras em pastagem de azevém é similar quando são utilizados o óxido de cromo e o nitrogênio fecal como marcadores. A ingestão de forragem em função das ofertas de forragem é dependente da estrutura do dossel e é limitada no final do ciclo do pasto em função da elevada massa de colmos


Subject(s)
Lolium/adverse effects , Pasture/analysis , Pasture/methods , Pasture/policies , Sheep
9.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(5): 1495-1503, Sep-Oct/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-12235

ABSTRACT

Five Holstein cows were distributed in a 5x5 latin square design to assess the effect of replacement levels of dry ground corn grain (DGCG) by high moisture corn silage (HMCS) on intake, total nutrient digestibility and plasma glucose, according to the following treatments: 1) 100% DGCG; 2) 75% DGCG and 25% HMCS; 3) 50% DGCG and 50% HMCS; 4) 25% DGCG and 75% HMCS; 5) 100% HMCS. The experiment lasted 70 days, divided into five phases of 14 days each. The digestibility was obtained using chromic oxide (Cr2O3) as the indicator. Fecal samples were collected twice daily and blood samples were collected on the last day of each period before the first meal (0h) and 2h, 4h, 6h and 12h after the meal. There was no effect (P>0.05) on the intake of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and starch. The total apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein (CP), NDF and ADF were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments, as well as the plasma glucose concentration. However, there was a decreased linear effect (P<0.05) for the protein intake and increased linear effect (P<0.05) for starch digestibility, as the level of HMCS was increased in the diets.(AU)


Cinco vacas da raça Holandesa foram distribuídas em quadrado latino 5x5 com o objetivo de se avaliar o efeito de níveis de substituição do grão seco de milho (GSM) pela silagem de grãos úmidos de milho (SGUM) sobre consumo, digestibilidade total dos nutrientes e glicose plasmática, o que constituiu os tratamentos: 1) 100% GSM; 2) 75% GSM e 25% SGUM; 3) 50% GSM e 50% SGUM; 4) 25% GSM e 75% SGUM; 5) 100% SGUM. O período experimental durou 70 dias, divididos em cinco fases de 14 dias. A digestibilidade foi obtida utilizando-se óxido crômico (Cr2O3) como indicador. Foram colhidas amostras fecais duas vezes por dia, bem como amostras de sangue no último dia dos períodos, antes da primeira refeição (zero hora), duas, quatro, seis e 12 horas após a refeição. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) sobre o consumo de matéria seca (MS), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e amido. A digestibilidade aparente total da MS, a proteína bruta (PB), a FDN e a FDA não foram afetadas (P>0,05), assim como a concentração de glicose plasmática. Houve efeito linear decrescente (P<0,05) para consumo de PB e linear crescente (P<0,05) para digestibilidade do amido, à medida que se aumentou a inclusão de SGUM.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Silage/analysis , Starch and Fecula , Edible Grain , Nutritive Value , Digestion , Animal Nutrition Sciences , Glucose , Oxides , Diet/veterinary
10.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online);66(5): 1495-1503, Sep-Oct/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-729761

ABSTRACT

Five Holstein cows were distributed in a 5x5 latin square design to assess the effect of replacement levels of dry ground corn grain (DGCG) by high moisture corn silage (HMCS) on intake, total nutrient digestibility and plasma glucose, according to the following treatments: 1) 100% DGCG; 2) 75% DGCG and 25% HMCS; 3) 50% DGCG and 50% HMCS; 4) 25% DGCG and 75% HMCS; 5) 100% HMCS. The experiment lasted 70 days, divided into five phases of 14 days each. The digestibility was obtained using chromic oxide (Cr2O3) as the indicator. Fecal samples were collected twice daily and blood samples were collected on the last day of each period before the first meal (0h) and 2h, 4h, 6h and 12h after the meal. There was no effect (P>0.05) on the intake of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and starch. The total apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein (CP), NDF and ADF were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments, as well as the plasma glucose concentration. However, there was a decreased linear effect (P<0.05) for the protein intake and increased linear effect (P<0.05) for starch digestibility, as the level of HMCS was increased in the diets...


Cinco vacas da raça Holandesa foram distribuídas em quadrado latino 5x5 com o objetivo de se avaliar o efeito de níveis de substituição do grão seco de milho (GSM) pela silagem de grãos úmidos de milho (SGUM) sobre consumo, digestibilidade total dos nutrientes e glicose plasmática, o que constituiu os tratamentos: 1) 100% GSM; 2) 75% GSM e 25% SGUM; 3) 50% GSM e 50% SGUM; 4) 25% GSM e 75% SGUM; 5) 100% SGUM. O período experimental durou 70 dias, divididos em cinco fases de 14 dias. A digestibilidade foi obtida utilizando-se óxido crômico (Cr2O3) como indicador. Foram colhidas amostras fecais duas vezes por dia, bem como amostras de sangue no último dia dos períodos, antes da primeira refeição (zero hora), duas, quatro, seis e 12 horas após a refeição. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) sobre o consumo de matéria seca (MS), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e amido. A digestibilidade aparente total da MS, a proteína bruta (PB), a FDN e a FDA não foram afetadas (P>0,05), assim como a concentração de glicose plasmática. Houve efeito linear decrescente (P<0,05) para consumo de PB e linear crescente (P<0,05) para digestibilidade do amido, à medida que se aumentou a inclusão de SGUM...


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Edible Grain , Nutritive Value , Starch and Fecula , Silage/analysis , Animal Nutrition Sciences , Digestion , Diet/veterinary , Glucose , Oxides
11.
Ciênc. rural ; Ciênc. rural (Online);43(1): 126-131, jan. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-659686

ABSTRACT

Foram estudados o desempenho, comportamento e a ingestão de forragem por novilhas de corte em dois estádios de desenvolvimento do azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): pré-florescimento e florescimento. As novilhas permaneceram exclusivamente em pastejo ou em pastejo e recebendo grão de milho ou suplemento extrusado com gordura. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3x2 (três sistemas alimentares x dois estádios fenológicos do azevém). A ingestão de forragem foi estimada usando o óxido de cromo como indicador da produção fecal. Os valores médios de massa de forragem e oferta de lâminas foliares foram de 1636kg ha-1 de matéria seca (MS) e 2,3kg de MS 100kg-1 de peso corporal (PC), respectivamente. Novilhas que não receberam suplemento consumiram mais pasto sem diferir das que receberam gordura. Animais exclusivamente a pasto realizaram maior número de bocados diários. As ingestões de MS do pasto e total, que foram de 2,74 e 3,01% do PC, respectivamente, são similares no pré-florescimento e florescimento do azevém. A ingestão de matéria seca total e os tempos de pastejo, ruminação e ócio de bezerras de corte recebendo suplementos são semelhantes ao uso exclusivo da pastagem de azevém, resultando em desempenho individual semelhante.


The performance, behavior and forage intake of grazing beef heifers at two phenological stages of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): pre-flowering and flowering, were studied. The heifers remained exclusively on pasture or receiving corn grain or extruded supplement plus fat. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 3x2 arrangement (three feeding systems x two phenological stages of Italian ryegrass). The forage intake was evaluated using chromic oxide as a faecal production indicator. Mean values of herbage mass and leaf allowance were 1636kg ha-1 of dry matter (DM) and 2.3kg of DM 100kg-1 live weight (LW), respectively. Heifers kept exclusively on pasture consumed more grass without difference of those receiving fat. Heifers exclusively on pasture presented greater daily bite rate. The forage and total DM intake, which averaged 2.74 and 3.01% of LW, respectively, are similar at pre-flowering and flowering of ryegrass. The total forage DM intake and the grazing, rumination and idling times of beef heifers receiving supplements are similar to the use of the ryegrass exclusively, resulting in similar individual performance of heifers.

12.
Ci. Rural ; 43(1)2013.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-708208

ABSTRACT

The performance, behavior and forage intake of grazing beef heifers at two phenological stages of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): pre-flowering and flowering, were studied. The heifers remained exclusively on pasture or receiving corn grain or extruded supplement plus fat. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 3x2 arrangement (three feeding systems x two phenological stages of Italian ryegrass). The forage intake was evaluated using chromic oxide as a faecal production indicator. Mean values of herbage mass and leaf allowance were 1636kg ha-1 of dry matter (DM) and 2.3kg of DM 100kg-1 live weight (LW), respectively. Heifers kept exclusively on pasture consumed more grass without difference of those receiving fat. Heifers exclusively on pasture presented greater daily bite rate. The forage and total DM intake, which averaged 2.74 and 3.01% of LW, respectively, are similar at pre-flowering and flowering of ryegrass. The total forage DM intake and the grazing, rumination and idling times of beef heifers receiving supplements are similar to the use of the ryegrass exclusively, resulting in similar individual performance of heifers.


Foram estudados o desempenho, comportamento e a ingestão de forragem por novilhas de corte em dois estádios de desenvolvimento do azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): pré-florescimento e florescimento. As novilhas permaneceram exclusivamente em pastejo ou em pastejo e recebendo grão de milho ou suplemento extrusado com gordura. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3x2 (três sistemas alimentares x dois estádios fenológicos do azevém). A ingestão de forragem foi estimada usando o óxido de cromo como indicador da produção fecal. Os valores médios de massa de forragem e oferta de lâminas foliares foram de 1636kg ha-1 de matéria seca (MS) e 2,3kg de MS 100kg-1 de peso corporal (PC), respectivamente. Novilhas que não receberam suplemento consumiram mais pasto sem diferir das que receberam gordura. Animais exclusivamente a pasto realizaram maior número de bocados diários. As ingestões de MS do pasto e total, que foram de 2,74 e 3,01% do PC, respectivamente, são similares no pré-florescimento e florescimento do azevém. A ingestão de matéria seca total e os tempos de pastejo, ruminação e ócio de bezerras de corte recebendo suplementos são semelhantes ao uso exclusivo da pastagem de azevém, resultando em desempenho individual semelhante.

13.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1479167

ABSTRACT

The performance, behavior and forage intake of grazing beef heifers at two phenological stages of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): pre-flowering and flowering, were studied. The heifers remained exclusively on pasture or receiving corn grain or extruded supplement plus fat. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 3x2 arrangement (three feeding systems x two phenological stages of Italian ryegrass). The forage intake was evaluated using chromic oxide as a faecal production indicator. Mean values of herbage mass and leaf allowance were 1636kg ha-1 of dry matter (DM) and 2.3kg of DM 100kg-1 live weight (LW), respectively. Heifers kept exclusively on pasture consumed more grass without difference of those receiving fat. Heifers exclusively on pasture presented greater daily bite rate. The forage and total DM intake, which averaged 2.74 and 3.01% of LW, respectively, are similar at pre-flowering and flowering of ryegrass. The total forage DM intake and the grazing, rumination and idling times of beef heifers receiving supplements are similar to the use of the ryegrass exclusively, resulting in similar individual performance of heifers.


Foram estudados o desempenho, comportamento e a ingestão de forragem por novilhas de corte em dois estádios de desenvolvimento do azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.): pré-florescimento e florescimento. As novilhas permaneceram exclusivamente em pastejo ou em pastejo e recebendo grão de milho ou suplemento extrusado com gordura. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3x2 (três sistemas alimentares x dois estádios fenológicos do azevém). A ingestão de forragem foi estimada usando o óxido de cromo como indicador da produção fecal. Os valores médios de massa de forragem e oferta de lâminas foliares foram de 1636kg ha-1 de matéria seca (MS) e 2,3kg de MS 100kg-1 de peso corporal (PC), respectivamente. Novilhas que não receberam suplemento consumiram mais pasto sem diferir das que receberam gordura. Animais exclusivamente a pasto realizaram maior número de bocados diários. As ingestões de MS do pasto e total, que foram de 2,74 e 3,01% do PC, respectivamente, são similares no pré-florescimento e florescimento do azevém. A ingestão de matéria seca total e os tempos de pastejo, ruminação e ócio de bezerras de corte recebendo suplementos são semelhantes ao uso exclusivo da pastagem de azevém, resultando em desempenho individual semelhante.

14.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 59(2): 466-472, abr. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-7378

ABSTRACT

Compararam-se os métodos de coleta total (CT) e dos indicadores óxido crômico (Cr2O3), cinzas insolúveis em ácido (CIA) e lignina na determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) dos nutrientes para gatos. Os CDA de quatro rações foram determinados pela CT e estimados pelos diferentes indicadores em teste. Foram utilizados 24 gatos adultos castrados, alojados em gaiolas metabólicas individuais, totalizando seis animais por ração. O experimento seguiu um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, sendo as rações as parcelas, os métodos as subparcelas e cada gato uma unidade experimental. Os CDA foram significativamente menores pelo método da lignina em uma das rações estudadas (P<0,05). Os métodos Cr2O3, CIA e CT resultaram em CDA iguais em todas as rações (P>0,05). As taxas de recuperação dos indicadores, médias±erro-padrão da média, foram, respectivamente, de 97,1±2,5 por cento, 97,3±2,9 por cento e 83,9±9,1 por cento para o Cr2O3, CIA e lignina. A CIA e o Cr2O3 mostraram grande potencial para utilização como indicadores, enquanto a ampla variabilidade dos resultados obtidos com a utilização da lignina não justificou seu emprego como substância índice para felinos.(AU)


The total collection (TC) method was compared to chromium oxide (Cr2O3), acid-insoluble ash (AIA) and lignin marker methods for determining the coefficients of apparent digestibility (CAD) of nutrients in domestic cats. The CAD of four diets were determined by TC and estimated for the three markers through tests. Twenty-four adult neutered cats were housed in individual metabolic cages, totaling six animals per diet. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design in subdivided blocks where diets were blocks, methods were sub-blocks and each cat an experimental unit. CAD for the lignin method was significantly lower than TC method (P<0.05) in one of the studied diets. CAD for the Cr2O3, AIA and TC methods were similar in all diets. Recuperation rates of Cr2O3, AIA and lignin markers were 97.1±2.5 percent, 97.3±2.9 percent and 83.9±9.1 percent respectively. AIA and Cr2O3 methods showed high potential for use as markers while the higher variability in results obtained with the use of lignin did not justify its usage as an indicator substance for felines.(AU)


Subject(s)
Lignin , Animal Feed/adverse effects , Rumen , Cats
15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 56(3): 355-362, jun. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-2230

ABSTRACT

O trabalho foi realizado entre fevereiro e setembro, com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade e o consumo de forragem de capim-elefante manejado sob pastejo rotativo, com período de ocupação dos piquetes de três dias e variação do intervalo de pastejo de: 30 dias (com e sem o uso de concentrado ao longo do ano) e 36 e 45 dias (sem o uso de concentrado). Foram usadas 24 vacas Holandês × Zebu em lactação. De fevereiro a maio o pasto foi o único volumoso. De junho a setembro, as vacas receberam cana mais 1% de uréia. A composição química de extrusas de capim-elefante foi, de modo geral, semelhante (P>0,05) entre intervalos de pastejo (6,1 a 18,2% para PB; 63,5 a 81,4% para FDN; 32,7 a 47,6% para FDA e 43,7 a 72,9% para digestibilidade in vitro da MS). Houve decréscimo no teor de PB do capim-elefante e aumento nos de FDN e FDA para cada dia adicional de ocupação do piquete (P<0,0001). Na estação chuvosa, o consumo diário de capim-elefante foi, de modo geral, semelhante (P>0,05) nos diferentes intervalos de pastejo, variando de 1,7 a 3,6%PV para MS e de 1,1 a 2,7%PV para FDN. Na estação seca, nas pastagens sem concentrado, o consumo de MS do capim-elefante variou de 0,39 a 2,2%PV e sua contribuição no consumo total da dieta decresceu de 52% no primeiro para 43% no terceiro dia de ocupação do piquete. O consumo suplementar de cana mais uréia foi efetivo em minimizar a redução no consumo total de MS.(AU)


Mean daily dry matter intake of elephantgrass (DMI) (Pennisetum purpureum, Schumack) in a rotational grazing with lactating Holstein × Zebu cows was estimated in a trial carried out from February to September. The pasture was divided into paddocks and grazed for three days by 24 cows randomly allotted to four treatments. The treatments consisted on grazing intervals of 30 days, and concentrate (2kg/cow/day) and grazing intervals of 30, 36 or 45 days without concentrate. From February to May the elephantgrass was the only roughage, but from June to September (dry season) the cows were fed on chopped sugarcane plus 1% urea. DMI was estimated monthly using the extrusa in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and the fecal output (chromium oxide). The average chemical composition of extrusa was generally similar (P>.05) among grazing intervals (6.1 to 18.2% of CP; 63.5 to 81.4% of NDF; 32.7 to 47.6% of ADF and 43.7 to 72.9% of IVDMD). The CP content of extrusas decreased and the NDF and ADF contents increased (P<.0001) with the paddock occupation day. In the rainy season the DMI (1.68 to 3.57% BW) and daily NDF intake (1.14 to 2.67%BW) were generally similar (P>.05) among grazing intervals. During the dry season cows fed on treatments without concentrate the DMI varied from .39 to 2.2%BW and its contribution to total DM intake decresead from 52% in the first to 43% in the third day of paddock occupation. Sugarcane intake effectively minimized the effects of the low pasture intake in the dry season.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dietary Fiber , Pennisetum , Cattle , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Animals, Suckling , Saccharum
16.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online);56(3): 355-362, jun. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1462576

ABSTRACT

O trabalho foi realizado entre fevereiro e setembro, com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade e o consumo de forragem de capim-elefante manejado sob pastejo rotativo, com período de ocupação dos piquetes de três dias e variação do intervalo de pastejo de: 30 dias (com e sem o uso de concentrado ao longo do ano) e 36 e 45 dias (sem o uso de concentrado). Foram usadas 24 vacas Holandês × Zebu em lactação. De fevereiro a maio o pasto foi o único volumoso. De junho a setembro, as vacas receberam cana mais 1% de uréia. A composição química de extrusas de capim-elefante foi, de modo geral, semelhante (P>0,05) entre intervalos de pastejo (6,1 a 18,2% para PB; 63,5 a 81,4% para FDN; 32,7 a 47,6% para FDA e 43,7 a 72,9% para digestibilidade in vitro da MS). Houve decréscimo no teor de PB do capim-elefante e aumento nos de FDN e FDA para cada dia adicional de ocupação do piquete (P0,05) nos diferentes intervalos de pastejo, variando de 1,7 a 3,6%PV para MS e de 1,1 a 2,7%PV para FDN. Na estação seca, nas pastagens sem concentrado, o consumo de MS do capim-elefante variou de 0,39 a 2,2%PV e sua contribuição no consumo total da dieta decresceu de 52% no primeiro para 43% no terceiro dia de ocupação do piquete. O consumo suplementar de cana mais uréia foi efetivo em minimizar a redução no consumo total de MS.


Mean daily dry matter intake of elephantgrass (DMI) (Pennisetum purpureum, Schumack) in a rotational grazing with lactating Holstein × Zebu cows was estimated in a trial carried out from February to September. The pasture was divided into paddocks and grazed for three days by 24 cows randomly allotted to four treatments. The treatments consisted on grazing intervals of 30 days, and concentrate (2kg/cow/day) and grazing intervals of 30, 36 or 45 days without concentrate. From February to May the elephantgrass was the only roughage, but from June to September (dry season) the cows were fed on chopped sugarcane plus 1% urea. DMI was estimated monthly using the extrusa in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and the fecal output (chromium oxide). The average chemical composition of extrusa was generally similar (P>.05) among grazing intervals (6.1 to 18.2% of CP; 63.5 to 81.4% of NDF; 32.7 to 47.6% of ADF and 43.7 to 72.9% of IVDMD). The CP content of extrusas decreased and the NDF and ADF contents increased (P.05) among grazing intervals. During the dry season cows fed on treatments without concentrate the DMI varied from .39 to 2.2%BW and its contribution to total DM intake decresead from 52% in the first to 43% in the third day of paddock occupation. Sugarcane intake effectively minimized the effects of the low pasture intake in the dry season.


Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Animals, Suckling , Cattle , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Dietary Fiber , Pennisetum , Saccharum
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