Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in obese patients candidates for bariatric surgery and predictive questionnaires.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition among electable to bariatric surgery obese patients, often remaining underdiagnosed, thereby increasing surgical risk. The main purpose was to determine prevalence of OSA among candidates for bariatric surgery and to assess the rate of underdiagnosis of this condition. Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate the specific performance of three sleep questionnaires and scales (Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Scale (EDSS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and STOP-Bang) in these patients. METHODS: A longitudinal, prospective, single-cohort study, with consecutive sampling including patients aged 18-65 years with obesity grade II (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2) and hypertension, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome or OSA or obesity grade III or IV (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) elective for bariatric surgery. Patients were evaluated at the Otorhinolaryngology department with an anamnesis regarding OSA including the administration of three sleep questionnaires (EDSS, ESS, and STOP-Bang), followed by cardiorespiratory polygraphy (CRP) for sleep evaluation. RESULTS: 124 patients were included in this study. While 74.2% of the sample exhibited OSA on CRP, only 28.2% had a prior diagnosis. The STOP-Bang questionnaire demonstrated the highest sensitivity (93.3%) for detecting moderate to severe OSA, although with low specificity (33.8%). EDSS and ESS did not show a significant association with the presence of OSA. CONCLUSIONS: OSA screening is crucial in candidates for bariatric surgery due to its high prevalence and low diagnosis rate. The STOP-Bang questionnaire may serve as a useful tool for identifying patients at risk of moderate to severe OSA and optimizing sleep assessments. However, further research is necessary to validate its utility in this specific population.

[When should a patient with obesity be referred to endocrinology? Current indications for bariatric surgery]. / ¿Cuándo derivar a endocrinología el paciente con obesidad? Indicaciones actuales de la cirugía bariátrica.

Bariatric surgery (BS) has been shown to be effective and efficient, but only 1% of selected patients will ever receive it. Compared to medical treatment of obesity, BS has demonstrated greater long-term sustained weight loss, a reduction in both total and cardiovascular (CV) mortality, improvement or remission of CV risk factors and other comorbidities associated with obesity, as well as improved mobility and quality of life. BS presents similar risks to other abdominal surgeries, with obesity as an added risk factor. However, mortality after this type of surgery is less than 1%, being in specialised centres even lower than 0.3%, with a morbidity of less than 7%. The most commonly performed surgical procedures at present are vertical gastrectomy and Roux---Y gastric bypass, preferably by laparoscopic approach.

Magnetic liver retraction in bariatric surgery: Is it possible?

One of the recent advances in bariatric surgery is the use of magnetic devices. This research paper describes magnetic liver retraction in morbidly obese patients during bariatric surgery. A descriptive, prospective and observational study was carried out, analyzing 100 patients in whom magnetic retraction was used. Mean and SD body mass index was 46.1 ± 5.09 kg/m2. The magnetic system was successfully used for liver retraction in 95% of cases; in only 5% of cases was its use not possible due to hepatomegaly and severe hepatic steatosis. According to the results, magnetic liver retraction can be safe and used in bariatric surgery, regardless of body mass index and with a low percentage of complications.

Resultados cardiometabólicos de largo plazo tras cirugía bariátrica: control de comorbilidades, pérdida y reganancia de peso a los 5 años de seguimiento / Long-term cardiometabolic results after bariatric surgery: Control of comorbidities, weight loss and regain at 5 years of follow-up

Introducción. La cirugía bariátrica y metabólica (CBM) es efectiva en lograr pérdida de peso a corto plazo. Sin embargo, existe evidencia limitada en desenlaces clínicos y metabólicos a largo plazo. Métodos. Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo con pacientes llevados a baipás gástrico en Y de Roux (BGYR) o gastrectomía en manga (MG) por laparoscopia en Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, entre 2013 y 2021. El cambio de peso, control de comorbilidades y resultados metabólicos se recopilaron al inicio del estudio, 3, 6 y 12 meses después de cirugía, y anualmente hasta el quinto año. Las tasas de control de comorbilidades se evaluaron mediante la prueba Kaplan-Meier. Se utilizó un modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox para evaluar el efecto de covariables en la reganancia de peso. Resultados. De 1092 pacientes con CBM (71,4 % MG y 28,6 % BGYR), 67 % eran mujeres, con mediana de edad 48 años e índice de masa corporal de 35,5 Kg/m2. Después de cinco años de seguimiento, la tasa de control en diabetes mellitus fue 65,5 %, en hipertensión 56,6 % y en dislipidemia 43,6 %. La tasa de reganancia de peso fue 28 %, sin diferencias entre MG vs BGYR (p=0,482). El tiempo promedio hasta peso nadir fue 14 meses. La edad al momento de CBM fue el mejor predictor independiente de reganancia (HR=1,02, IC95% 1,01-1,04), pero con efecto clínico modesto. Conclusión. La CBM es segura y muestra beneficios a largo plazo en la pérdida de peso y control de comorbilidades en población colombiana.

Introduction. Bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) has shown its efficacy in achieving short-term weight loss. However, there is limited evidence regarding long-term clinical and metabolic outcomes. Methods. Retrospective longitudinal study with patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) interventions in Bogotá, Colombia, between 2013 and 2021. Weight change, comorbidity control, and metabolic outcomes were collected at the onset, 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-surgery, and annually up to the fifth year. Comorbidity control rates were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the effect of covariates on weight regain. Results. Of 1092 patients with BMS (71.4% SG and 28.6% RYGB), 67% were women, with a median age of 48 years, BMI 35.5 kg/m2. After five years of follow-up, the control rate in diabetes mellitus was 65.5%, in hypertension 56.6%, and dyslipidemia 43.6%. The weight regain rate was 28% with no differences between SG vs RYGB (p=0.482). The mean time to nadir weight was 14 months. Age at the time of BMS was the best independent predictor of weight regain (HR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.04), but with a modest clinical effect. Conclusion. BMS is safe and shows long-term benefits in weight loss and control of comorbidities in Colombian population.

Presentation of Wernicke encephalopathy in patient secondary to one anastomosis gastric bypass. Case report and literature review.

Wernicke encephalopathy, which is caused by a thiamine deficiency, occurs in 0.8-2% of the population. Only 16% present the typical triad of this disease: nystagmus, confusion and ataxia. We present the case of a postoperative patient with a one anastomosis gastric bypass with reoperation undergoing a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass that begins with confusion and nystagmus on her third postoperative day. The diagnosis of Wernicke encephalopathy is made by imaging, and vitamin B1 is administered with total improvement of nystagmus and altered state of consciousness (lethargy, bradypsychia, bradylalia).

La encefalopatía de Wernicke se produce por una deficiencia de tiamina se presenta en un 0.8-2% de la población. Solo el 16% de los casos presentan la tríada típica de esta enfermedad: nistagmo, confusión y ataxia. Presentamos el caso de una paciente operada de bypass gástrico de una anastomosis con reintervención convirtiendo a bypass gástrico en Y de Roux que en su tercer día de posoperatorio comienza con confusión y nistagmo. Se realiza por imagen el diagnóstico de encefalopatía de Wernicke se administra vitamina B1 con mejoría total del nistagmo y alteración del estado de consciencia (letargia, bradipsiquia, bradilalia).

Intestinal intussusception as a postoperative complication of gastric bypass.

The gold standard for bariatric surgery is the laparoscopic gastric bypass, which consists in forming a small gastric pouch and a Roux-en-Y anastomosis. We present the case of a 41-year-old female who underwent a laparoscopic gastric bypass 8 years prior to her admission to the emergency room, where she arrived complaining of severe and colicky epigastric abdominal pain. The abdominal computed tomography showed a jejuno-jejunal intussusception, for which the patient underwent urgent exploratory laparotomy with intussusception reduction. Intestinal intussusception is a possible postoperative complication of a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

El Método de referencia en la cirugía bariátrica es el bypass gástrico laparoscópico, que consiste en la creación de una bolsa gástrica pequeña, anastomosada al tracto digestivo mediante una Y de Roux. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 41 años con el antecedente de un bypass gástrico laparoscópico realizado 8 años antes, quien ingresó al servicio de urgencias refiriendo dolor abdominal grave. La tomografía computarizada abdominal evidenció una intususcepción a nivel de la anastomosis yeyuno-yeyuno, por lo que se realizó una laparotomía exploradora con reducción de la intususcepción. Se debe considerar la intususcepción intestinal como complicación posoperatoria de bypass gástrico.

Efecto de la ganancia ponderal gestacional en una cohorte de gestantes con obesidad operadas y no operadas de cirugía bariátrica / Effect of gest ational weight gain in a cohort of pregnancy women with obesity operated and not operated for bariatric surgery

Objetivo: determinar el efecto de la ganancia de peso gestacional y los resultados perinatales en mujeres con obesidad operadas y no operadas de cirugía bariátrica. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo observacional de cohortes. La ganancia ponderal gestacional fue clasificada como insuficiente, adecuada o excesiva según las guías del Instituto de Medicina de Estados Unidos: 4,99-9,07 kg para índice de masa corporal (IMC) > 30 kg/m2. La ganancia ponderal se calculó con la diferencia entre el peso de la primera visita del primer trimestre y el peso en la visita del tercer trimestre. Los resultados examinados incluyeron variables anteparto (diabetes gestacional, hipertensión gestacional, preeclampsia, ruptura prematura de membranas, placenta previa, desprendimiento prematuro de placenta, retraso de crecimiento intrauterino, corioamnionitis, aborto espontáneo), intraparto (parto inducido, parto vaginal, ventosa, fórceps, cesárea, distocia de hombros), posparto (hemorragia posparto, necesidad de trasfusión posparto, anemia posparto, necesidad de asistencia a Urgencias, muerte materna, desgarro posparto, trombosis posparto) y neonatales (parto pretérmino, percentil peso > 90, percentil peso < 10, puntuación Apgar < 7, malformaciones). Mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS 22.0 se realizó un análisis estadístico de los datos. Resultados: se reclutaron 256 mujeres; 38 (14,58 %) eran gestantes poscirugía bariátrica y las 218 (85,15 %) restantes eran gestantes con obesidad no operadas. De las gestantes con obesidad no operadas, 119 (46,68 %) tenían obesidad grado 1 (IMC 30-34,9) y 99 (38,67 %) tenían obesidad grados 2 y 3 (IMC > 35). Se realizó un análisis global y por subgrupos. En el análisis global tuvieron ganancia insuficiente 78 (30,46 %), ganancia adecuada 117 (45,70 %) y excesiva 61 (23,82 %). En conjunto, la ganancia ponderal insuficiente se asoció con menor probabilidad de hipertensión arterial (HTA)...(AU)

Objective: to determine the effect of gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes in obese women who underwent and did not undergo bariatric surgery. Material and methods: a retrospective observational cohort study was conducted. The gestational weight gain was classified as insufficient, adequate or excessive according to the guidelines of the United States Institute of Medicine: 4.99-9.07 kg for body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/ m2. Weight gain was calculated as the difference between the weight at the first visit of the 1st trimester and the weight at the visit of the 3rd trimester. Outcomes examined included antepartum variables (gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa, placental abruption, intrauterine growth retardation, chorioammionitis, spontaneous abortion), intrapartum variables (induced delivery, vaginal delivery, vacuum, forceps delivery, cesarean section, shoulder dystocia), postpartum variables (postpartum hemorrhage, need for postpartum transfusion, postpartum anemia, need for emergency care, maternal death, postpartum tear, postpartum thrombosis) and neonatal variables (preterm delivery, weight percentile > 90, weight percentile < 10, Apgar score < 7, malformations). Using the statistical package SPSS 22.0, a statistical analysis of the data was performed. Results: two hundred and fifty-six women were recruited; 38 (14.58 %) were pregnant after bariatric surgery and 218 (85.15 %) were pregnant women with obesity who had not been operated on. Of the pregnant women with obesity who had not been operated on, 119 (46.68 %) had grade1 obesity (BMI 30-34.9), and 99 (38.67 %) had grade 2 and 3 obesity (BMI > 35). A global and subgroup analysis was performed. In the overall analysis, 78 (30.46 %) had insufficient gain, 117 (45.70 %) had adequate gain, and 61 (23.82 %) excessive gain. Overall, insufficient weight gain was associated with a lower probability of...(AU)

Evolución clínica y nutricional de pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica en un hospital de referencia del estado de Pernambuco / Evolução clínica e nutricional de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica em um hospital de referência do estado de Pernambuco / Clinical and nutritional evolution of patients undergoing bariatric surgery in a reference hospital in the state of Pernambuco

La obesidad es un factor de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles como Diabetes Mellitus 2, Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica, entre otras. La gastroplastia se encuentra entre las alternativas terapéuticas con buena respuesta a la pérdida de peso cuando el ejercicio físico y la dieta no fueron eficientes, resultando en un mejor control clínico de las comorbilidades asociadas. Por tanto, analizar la evolución clínica y nutricional de pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica, 12 meses después del procedimiento, con el fin de observar los impactos de esta terapia. Se realizó una serie de casos, que incluyeron individuos sometidos a cirugía bariátrica y que presentaban alguna comorbilidad asociada al exceso de peso. La recolección de datos se realizó en Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira – IMIP, ubicado en la ciudad de Recife-Pernambuco, período de mayo de 2021 a octubre de 2021. Se obtuvieron datos antropométricos, clínicos y bioquímicos. Se incluyeron en el estudio cuarenta personas con una edad media de 43 ± 11,7 años, siendo la técnica quirúrgica más utilizada el Bypass Gástrico (77,5%). Se observó una reducción de la Hemoglobina Glicada de 5,8% ± 0,5 en el preoperatorio a 5,1% ± 0,2 a los 12 meses (p = <0,001), y una reducción del Colesterol Total de 199,0 mg/dL a 167,0 mg/dL (p = <0,001) antes y 12 meses después de la gastroplastia, respectivamente. Además de estas, observamos una mejora estadísticamente significativa en todas las variables antropométricas y bioquímicas analizadas, excepto la glucemia en ayunas. Estos resultados pueden explicarse por cambios en la secreción de hormonas intestinales, que ayudan a mejorar el control de la glucosa, los lípidos y la presión arterial, además de la pérdida de peso. Por tanto, la cirugía bariátrica parece tener un impacto positivo en la evolución bioquímica y antropométrica en el primer año tras la cirugía.(AU)

Introdução: A obesidade é fator de risco para doençascrônicas não transmissíveis como Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2,Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica, dislipidemias, entre outras. Agastroplastia está entre as alternativas terapêuticas com boaresposta sobre a perda ponderal quando exercício físico edieta não foram eficientes, resultando em melhor controle clí-nico de comorbidades associadas. Portanto, analisar a evolu-ção clínica e nutricional de pacientes submetidos à cirurgiabariátrica em um hospital de referência no estado dePernambuco, 12 meses após o procedimento, a fim de obser-var os impactos desta terapêutica. Material e métodos: Foi realizado uma série de casos,que incluiu indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica e quepossuíam alguma comorbidade associada ao excesso ponde-ral. A coleta de dados foi realizada no ambulatório de nutri-ção do Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira– IMIP, localizado na cidade de Recife-Pernambuco, períodode maio de 2021 a outubro de 2021. Sendo obtidos dados an-tropométricos, clínicos e bioquímicos. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 40 indivíduos comidade média de 43 ± 11,7 anos, com predominância do sexo feminino (92,5%), sendo a técnica cirúrgica mais realizada oBypass Gástrico (77,5%). Foi observado redução daHemoglobina Glicada de 5,8% ± 0,5 no pré-operatório para5,1% ± 0,2 aos 12 meses (p = <0,001), e redução doColesterol Total de 199,0mg/dL para 167,0mg/dL (p = <0,001)antes e 12 meses após a gastroplastia, respectivamente. Alémdestas, observamos melhora estatisticamente significativa emtodas as variáveis antropométricas e bioquímicas analisadas,exceto a glicemia em jejum. Discussão: Tais resultados podem ser explicados a partirdas alterações da secreção de hormônios intestinais, que au-xiliam no melhor controle glicídico, lipídico e pressórico, alémda perda ponderal...AU)

Introduction: Obesity is a risk factor for chronic non-com-municable diseases such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, SystemicArterial Hypertension, dyslipidemia, among others. Gastroplast is among the therapeutic alternatives with a good response toweight loss when physical exercise and diet were not efficient,resulting in better clinical control of associated comorbidities. Therefore, analyze the clinical and nutritional evolution of pa-tients undergoing bariatric surgery in a reference hospital in thestate of Pernambuco, 12 months after the procedure, in orderto observe the impacts of this therapy. Material and methods: A series of cases was carried out,which included individuals who underwent bariatric surgeryand who had some comorbidity associated with excessweight. Data collection was carried out at the nutrition out-patient clinic of the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof.Fernando Figueira – IMIP, located in the city of Recife-Pernambuco, period from May 2021 to October 2021.Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical data were obtained. Results: 40 individuals were included in the study with amean age of 43 ± 11.7 years, with a predominance of fema-les (92.5%), with the most common surgical technique beingGastric Bypass (77.5%). A reduction in Glycated Hemoglobinwas observed from 5.8% ± 0.5 in the preoperative period to5.1% ± 0.2 at 12 months (p = <0.001), and a reduction inTotal Cholesterol from 199.0mg/dL to 167.0mg/dL (p =<0.001) before and 12 months after gastroplasty, respecti-vely. In addition to these, we observed a statistically signifi-cant improvement in all anthropometric and biochemical va-riables analyzed, except fasting blood glucose. Discussion: These results can be explained based onchanges in the secretion of intestinal hormones, which helpwith better glucose, lipid and blood pressure control, in addi-tion to weight loss...(AU)

Recommendations on the management of severe obesity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease of the Spanish Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU), Spanish Society of Obesity (SEEDO), Spanish Association of Surgery (AEC) and Spanish Society of Digestive Endoscopy (SEED). / Recomendaciones sobre el manejo de la obesidad grave en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal del Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal (GETECCU), Sociedad Española de Obesidad (SEEDO), Asociación Española de Cirugía (AEC) y Sociedad Española de Endoscopia Digestiva (SEED).

Obesity is a multifactorial, chronic, progressive and recurrent disease considered a public health issue worldwide and an important determinant of disability and death. In Spain, its current prevalence in the adult population is about 24% and an estimated prevalence in 2035 of 37%. Obesity increases the probability of several diseases linked to higher mortality such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, arterial hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, several types of cancer, or obstructive sleep apnea. On the other hand, although the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is stabilizing in Western countries, its prevalence already exceeds 0.3%. Paralleling to general population, the current prevalence of obesity in adult patients with IBD is estimated at 15-40%. Obesity in patients with IBD could entail, in addition to its already known impact on disability and mortality, a worse evolution of the IBD itself and a worse response to treatments. The aim of this document, performed in collaboration by four scientific societies involved in the clinical care of severe obesity and IBD, is to establish clear and concise recommendations on the therapeutic possibilities of severe or typeIII obesity in patients with IBD. The document establishes general recommendations on dietary, pharmacological, endoscopic, and surgical treatment of severe obesity in patients with IBD, as well as pre- and post-treatment evaluation.

Recorriendo el camino hacia el éxito en cirugía bariátrica: el rol fundamental de la endoscopia bariátrica / Traversing the path to success in bariatric surgery: the fundamental role of bariatric endoscopy

RESUMEN La obesidad se ha convertido en una creciente epidemia de alcance global, exigiendo soluciones efectivas para su manejo. Actualmente, la cirugía bariátrica-metabólica es la mejor opción terapéutica en los pacientes con obesidad mórbida y comorbilidades asociadas. Este artículo de revisión aborda la importancia de la endoscopia en la evaluación pre y post operatoria, así como en la detección y manejo de las complicaciones asociadas a la cirugía bariátrica.

ABSTRACT Obesity has become a growing global epidemic, demanding effective solutions for its management. Bariatric-metabolic surgery is currently the best therapeutic option for patients with morbid obesity and associated comorbidities. This review article addresses the importance of endoscopy in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation, as well as in the detection and management of complications associated with bariatric surgery.

Early and severe onset of esophageal dysfunction after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a case report and review of literature / Inicio temprano y severo de disfunción esofágica después de manga gástrica laparoscópica: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

ABSTRACT After bariatric surgery one of the most common complications is dysphagia. The etiology of this disease has not been fully elucidated but it is known that it may be due to structural changes due to surgery. This case describes a 65-year-old female with early and severe onset of dysphagia following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The patient's final diagnosis was postobesity surgery esophageal dysfunction and laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with esophagojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis was performed. Physicians should be aware of this condition in order to offer early diagnosis and treatment.

RESUMEN Después de una cirugía bariátrica una de las complicaciones más comunes es la disfagia. La etiología de esta enfermedad no ha sido completamente dilucidada, pero se sabe que puede deberse a cambios estructurales debidos a la cirugía. En este reporte se describe el caso de una mujer de 65 años con disfagia severa de aparición temprana después de una en manga gástrica laparoscópica. El diagnóstico final del paciente fue de una disfunción esofágica posterior a una cirugía de obesidad y se planteó como manejo una gastrectomía proximal laparoscópica con anastomosis esofagoyeyunal en Y de Roux. Hay que tener en cuenta las complicaciones a corto y largo plazo que se pueden presentar luego de cirugías de obesidad para poder realizar un diagnóstico temprano y poder ofrecer un tratamiento adecuado.

Resultados del registro nacional de pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal candidatos a cirugía bariátrica (ReNacEIBar) / Results of the national registry of patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease candidates for bariatric surgery (ReNacEIBar)

Introducción: El objetivo principal es realizar un Registro Nacional de pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) que son sometidos a cirugía bariátrica, así como evaluar los resultados y aspectos fundamentales del manejo de este tipo de pacientes en la práctica clínica habitual. Metodología: Estudio retrospectivo observacional multicéntrico nacional, en el que se incluyen pacientes diagnosticados previamente de EII, que hayan sido intervenidos de cirugía bariátrica desde enero de 2000 hasta diciembre de 2022. Resultados: Se han incluido un total de 41 pacientes: 43,9% diagnosticados previamente de colitis ulcerosa (CU), 53,7% de enfermedad de Crohn (EC), y una colitis indeterminada (2,4%). El índice de masa corporal (IMC) preoperatorio ha sido de 45,8 ± 6,1 kg/m2. Se han realizado 31 (75,6%) gastrectomías verticales, un (2,4%) bypass gástrico y nueve (22%) bypass gástrico de una anastomosis. Se han registrado 9,8% de complicaciones. A los 12 meses, el IMC medio fue de 29,5 ± 4,7 kg/m2, presentando en un porcentaje de peso total perdido (%PTP) de 33,9 ± 9,1%. Conclusiones: La cirugía bariátrica en pacientes previamente diagnosticados de EII se puede considerar eficaz en cuanto a pérdida de peso, y segura en relación con un porcentaje bajo de complicaciones.(AU)

Background: Our aim is to carry out a national registry of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who underwent bariatric surgery, as well as evaluate the results and management of this type of patients in the usual clinical practice. Methods: National multicentric observational retrospective study, including patients, previously diagnosed with IBD who underwent bariatric surgery from January 2000 to December 2022. Results: Forty-one patients have been included: 43.9% previously diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, 57.3% Crohn's disease, and an indeterminate colitis (2.4%). The preoperative BMI was 45.8 ± 6.1 kg/m2. Among the bariatric surgeries, 31 (75.6%) sleeve gastrectomy, 1 (2.4%) gastric bypass and 9 (22%) one anastomosis gastric have been carried out. During the postoperative period, 9.8% complications have been recorded. BMI was 29.5 ± 4.7 kg/m2 and percent total weight lost was 33.9 ± 9.1% at 12 months. Conclusions: Bariatric surgery in patients with inflammatory bowel disease can be considered safe and effective.(AU)

[Effect of gestational weight gain in a cohort of pregnancy women with obesity operated and not operated for bariatric surgery]. / Efecto de la ganancia ponderal gestacional en una cohorte de gestantes con obesidad operadas y no operadas de cirugía bariátrica.

Introduction: Objective: to determine the effect of gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes in obese women who underwent and did not undergo bariatric surgery. Material and methods: a retrospective observational cohort study was conducted. The gestational weight gain was classified as insufficient, adequate or excessive according to the guidelines of the United States Institute of Medicine: 4.99-9.07 kg for body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2. Weight gain was calculated as the difference between the weight at the first visit of the 1st trimester and the weight at the visit of the 3rd trimester. Outcomes examined included antepartum variables (gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa, placental abruption, intrauterine growth retardation, chorioammionitis, spontaneous abortion), intrapartum variables (induced delivery, vaginal delivery, vacuum, forceps delivery, cesarean section, shoulder dystocia), postpartum variables (postpartum hemorrhage, need for postpartum transfusion, postpartum anemia, need for emergency care, maternal death, postpartum tear, postpartum thrombosis) and neonatal variables (preterm delivery, weight percentile > 90, weight percentile < 10, Apgar score < 7, malformations). Using the statistical package SPSS 22.0, a statistical analysis of the data was performed. Results: two hundred and fifty-six women were recruited; 38 (14.58 %) were pregnant after bariatric surgery and 218 (85.15 %) were pregnant women with obesity who had not been operated on. Of the pregnant women with obesity who had not been operated on, 119 (46.68 %) had grade 1 obesity (BMI 30-34.9), and 99 (38.67 %) had grade 2 and 3 obesity (BMI > 35). A global and subgroup analysis was performed. In the overall analysis, 78 (30.46 %) had insufficient gain, 117 (45.70 %) had adequate gain, and 61 (23.82 %) excessive gain. Overall, insufficient weight gain was associated with a lower probability of gestational hypertension (p < 0.015) and forceps delivery (p < 0.000) and large for gestational age newborn (p < 0.000). On the other hand, insufficient weight gain was associated with a higher probability of intrauterine growth retardation (p 0.044), peripartum infection (0.022), preterm delivery (0.006), and delivery < 35 weeks (p 0.016). Excessive weight gain was associated with a higher probability of gestational hypertension (p 0.025), induced labor (p 0.009), forceps delivery (p 0.011) and large for gestational age newborn (p 0.006). Pregnancies after bariatric surgery had fewer overall complications compared to the other groups. Conclusions: insufficient and excessive weight gain worsens perinatal outcomes. Adequate weight gain does not increase complications and produces some benefits.

Introducción: Objetivo: determinar el efecto de la ganancia de peso gestacional y los resultados perinatales en mujeres con obesidad operadas y no operadas de cirugía bariátrica. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo observacional de cohortes. La ganancia ponderal gestacional fue clasificada como insuficiente, adecuada o excesiva según las guías del Instituto de Medicina de Estados Unidos: 4,99-9,07 kg para índice de masa corporal (IMC) > 30 kg/m2. La ganancia ponderal se calculó con la diferencia entre el peso de la primera visita del primer trimestre y el peso en la visita del tercer trimestre. Los resultados examinados incluyeron variables anteparto (diabetes gestacional, hipertensión gestacional, preeclampsia, ruptura prematura de membranas, placenta previa, desprendimiento prematuro de placenta, retraso de crecimiento intrauterino, corioamnionitis, aborto espontáneo), intraparto (parto inducido, parto vaginal, ventosa, fórceps, cesárea, distocia de hombros), posparto (hemorragia posparto, necesidad de trasfusión posparto, anemia posparto, necesidad de asistencia a Urgencias, muerte materna, desgarro posparto, trombosis posparto) y neonatales (parto pretérmino, percentil peso > 90, percentil peso < 10, puntuación Apgar < 7, malformaciones). Mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS 22.0 se realizó un análisis estadístico de los datos. Resultados: se reclutaron 256 mujeres; 38 (14,58 %) eran gestantes poscirugía bariátrica y las 218 (85,15 %) restantes eran gestantes con obesidad no operadas. De las gestantes con obesidad no operadas, 119 (46,68 %) tenían obesidad grado 1 (IMC 30-34,9) y 99 (38,67 %) tenían obesidad grados 2 y 3 (IMC > 35). Se realizó un análisis global y por subgrupos. En el análisis global tuvieron ganancia insuficiente 78 (30,46 %), ganancia adecuada 117 (45,70 %) y excesiva 61 (23,82 %). En conjunto, la ganancia ponderal insuficiente se asoció con menor probabilidad de hipertensión arterial (HTA) gestacional (p 0,015) y parto con fórceps (p 0,000) y grande para edad gestacional (p 0,000). Por otro lado, la ganancia ponderal insuficiente se asoció a mayor probabilidad de retraso de crecimiento intrauterino (p 0,044), infección periparto (0,022), parto pretérmino (0,006) y parto < 35 semanas (p 0,016). La ganancia ponderal excesiva se asoció a mayor probabilidad de HTA gestacional (p 0,025), parto inducido (p 0,009), parto por fórceps (p 0,011) y grande para edad gestacional (p 0,006). Las gestaciones poscirugía bariátrica tuvieron menos complicaciones globales respecto al resto de grupos. Conclusiones: la ganancia ponderal insuficiente y excesiva empeora los resultados perinatales. La ganancia ponderal adecuada no aumenta las complicaciones y produce algunos beneficios.

Results of the national registry of patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease candidates for bariatric surgery (ReNacEIBar).

BACKGROUND: Our aim is to carry out a national registry of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who underwent bariatric surgery, as well as evaluate the results and management of this type of patients in the usual clinical practice. METHODS: National multicentric observational retrospective study, including patients, previously diagnosed with IBD who underwent bariatric surgery from January 2000 to December 2022. RESULTS: Forty-one patients have been included: 43,9% previously diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, 57,3% Crohn's disease, and an indeterminate colitis (2,4%). The preoperative BMI was 45.8 ± 6,1 kg/m2. Among the bariatric surgeries, 31 (75,6%) sleeve gastrectomy, 1 (2,4%) gastric bypass and 9 (22%) one anastomosis gastric have been carried out. During the postoperative period, 9.8% complications have been recorded. BMI was 29,5 ± 4,7 kg/m2 and percent total weight lost was 33,9 ± 9,1% at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery in patients with inflammatory bowel disease can be considered safe and effective.

Anestesia libre de opioides en cirugía bariátrica laparoscópica

Introducción: La anestesia libre de opioides surge de las alternativas farmacológicas que permiten otra opción anestésica en el arsenal del anestesiólogo. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad y seguridad de una técnica anestésica libre de opioides en el paciente intervenido con cirugía bariátrica laparoscópica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico, prospectivo y longitudinal en 23 pacientes operados con anestesia general multimodal libre de opioides. Pacientes mayores de 18 años con un índice de masa corporal mayor o igual a 35 kg/m2, con estado físico ASA II y III. Se evaluó la analgesia posoperatoria e intraoperatoria como una necesidad de la analgesia de rescate en el tiempo de recuperación y los efectos adversos. Resultados: Se demostró que la edad promedio fue 38,19 ± 8,73 con un predominio en el sexo femenino, los pacientes fueron clasificados como ASA II y obesos grados III. Hubo una estabilidad hemodinámica intraoperatoria. El 82,6 % de los pacientes no presentaron dolor posoperatorio en las primeras 24 h. No se presentaron pacientes con dolor severo. Requirieron analgesia de rescate cinco pacientes (21,7 %) en posoperatorio, y las complicaciones fueron escasas sin repercusión clínica. El tiempo promedio para la extubación fue de 6,7 ± 0,8 min y la recuperación total de 29,6 ± 0,8 min. Conclusiones: La técnica multimodal libre de opioides resultó segura y efectiva, con un adecuado estado de analgesia perioperatoria y escasas complicaciones en los pacientes intervenido con cirugía bariátrica laparoscópica.

Introduction: Opioid-free anesthesia arises from pharmacological alternatives that allow another anesthetic option in the anesthesiologist's arsenal. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of an opioid-free anesthetic technique in patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Methods: An analytical, prospective and longitudinal observational study was carried out in 23 patients operated on with opioid-free multimodal general anesthesia. The patients studied were over 18 years of age, with a body mass index greater than or equal to 35 kg/m2, ASA physical status II and III. Postoperative and intraoperative analgesia were evaluated as a need for rescue analgesia in recovery time and adverse effects. Results: It was shown that the average age was 38.19 ± 8.73 with a predominance in the female sex, the patients were classified as ASA II and grade III obese. There was intraoperative hemodynamic stability. 82.6% of patients did not experience postoperative pain in the first 24 hours. There were no patients with severe pain. Five patients (21.7%) required rescue analgesia postoperatively, and complications were rare without clinical repercussions. The average time for extubation was 6.7 ± 0.8 min and total recovery was 29.6 ± 0.8 min. Conclusions: The opioid-free multimodal technique was safe and effective, with adequate state of perioperative analgesia and few complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Lo clásico y lo nuevo en el tratamiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad / The classic and the new in the treatment of overweight and obesity

Así como planteamos en la primera entrega de esta serie de artículos de actualización sobre la obesidad, resulta urgente revisar el abordaje tradicional que la comunidad médica le ofrece a las personas con cuerpos gordos. En este segundo artículo desarrollaremos en profundidad diferentes alternativas terapéuticas para los pacientes que desean bajar de peso:plan alimentario, actividad física, tratamiento farmacológico y cirugía metabólica. (AU)

As we proposed in the first issue of this series of articles, it is urgent to review the traditional approach that the medical community offers to people with fat bodies. This second article will develop different therapeutic alternatives for patients who want to lose weight: eating plans, physical activity, pharmacological treatment, and metabolic surgery. (AU)

Avaliação da gravidade dos sinais e sintomas da COVID-19 em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica / Assessment of the severity of signs and symptoms of COVID-19 in patients undergoing bariatric surgery / Evaluación de la gravedad de los signos y sintomas de COVID-19 em pacientes sometidos a cirurgía bariátrica

Objetivo: Avaliar a gravidade e a incidência dos sinais e sintomas da COVID-19 em pacientes bariátricos, relacionando-os ao índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a outros fatores considerados de risco para a doença.Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal. Os pacientes responderam a um questionário eletrônico e a avaliação da gravidade dos sinais e sintomas da infecção por SARS-CoV-2 foi realizada seguindo o manual "Orientações para manejo de pacientes com covid-19", do Ministério de Saúde do Brasil. Resultados: um total de 60 pacientes foram incluídos. Dos participantes, 60% apresentaram sintomas graves e a fadiga foi o sintoma mais frequente (90%). A análise mostrou uma associação significativa entre a presença de tosse e a condição de sobrepeso/obesidade (OR=3,720; IC=1,060­13,050; p=0,034). Além disso, apenas 6,7% foram hospitalizados, sem casos de intubação, todos com sobrepeso/obesidade (OR=1,333; IC=1,114­1,554). Conclusão:apesar de uma alta taxa de pacientes categorizados com sinais e sintomas graves, verificou-se uma baixa necessidade de internação hospitalar e ventilação mecânica não invasiva. Isso sugere que a perda de peso e a melhora das comorbidades pós-cirurgia podem contribuir para um risco reduzido de hospitalização em casos de infecção por COVID-19

Objective: To assess the severity and incidence of COVID-19 signs and symptoms in bariatric patients, relating them to body mass index (BMI) and other risk factors for the disease. Method:This is a cross-sectional study. Patients completed an electronic questionnaire, and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection signs and symptoms was assessed following the "Guidelines for the management of COVID-19 patients" by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results:A total of 60 patients were included. Among the participants, 60% presented with severe symptoms, with fatigue being the most frequent symptom (90%). The analysis showed a significant association between the presence of cough and the condition of overweight/obesity (OR=3.720; CI=1.060­13.050; p=0.034). Moreover, only 6.7% were hospitalized, with no cases requiring intubation, all within the overweight/obesity subgroup (OR=1.333; CI=1.114­1.554).Conclusion: Despite a high rate of patients categorized with severe signs and symptoms, there was a low need for hospital admission and non-invasive mechanical ventilation. This suggests that weight loss and improvement of comorbidities post-surgery may contribute to a reduced risk of hospitalization in COVID-19 infection case.

Objetivo: Evaluar la gravedad y la incidencia de los signos y síntomas de COVID-19 en pacientes bariátricos, relacionándolos con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y otros factores de riesgo para la enfermedad. Metodo:Se trata de un estudio transversal. Los pacientescompletaron un cuestionario electrónico, y la gravedad de los signos y síntomas de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 se evaluó siguiendo las "Guías para el manejo de pacientes con COVID-19" del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Resultados:Se incluyó un total de 60 pacientes. Entre los participantes, el 60% presentó síntomas severos, siendo la fatiga el síntoma más frecuente (90%). El análisis mostró una asociación significativa entre la presencia de tos y la condición de sobrepeso/obesidad (OR=3.720; IC=1.060­13.050; p=0.034). Además, solo el 6.7% fueron hospitalizados, sin casos que requirieran intubación, todos dentro del subgrupo de sobrepeso/obesidad (OR=1.333; IC=1.114­1.554). Conclusión:A pesar de una alta tasa de pacientes clasificados con signos y síntomasseveros, hubo una baja necesidad de admisión hospitalaria y ventilación mecánica no invasiva. Esto sugiere que la pérdida de peso y la mejora de las comorbilidades postoperatorias pueden contribuir a un riesgo reducido de hospitalización en casos de infección por COVID-19

Risk factors for the development of surgical site infection in bariatric surgery: an integrative review of literature / Fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de infecção de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgia bariátrica: revisão integrativa / Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de infección del sitio quirúrgico en cirugía bariátrica: una revisión integradora

Abstract Objective: to evaluate evidence on risk factors for the development of surgical site infection in bariatric surgery. Method: integrative review. The search for primary studies was performed in four databases. The sample consisted of 11 surveys. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using tools proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data analysis and synthesis were performed in a descriptive manner. Results: surgical site infection rates ranged from 0.4% to 7.6%, considering the results of primary studies, in which patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. In surveys of participants undergoing surgical procedures with different approaches (open, laparoscopic or robotic), infection rates ranged from 0.9% to 12%. Regarding the risk factors for the development of this type of infection, antibiotic prophylaxis, female sex, high Body Mass Index and perioperative hyperglycemia are highlighted. Conclusion: conducting the integrative review generated a body of evidence that reinforces the importance of implementing effective measures for the prevention and control of surgical site infection, by health professionals, after bariatric surgery, promoting improved care and patient safety in the perioperative period.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar as evidências sobre os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de infecção de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgia bariátrica. Método: revisão integrativa. A busca dos estudos primários foi realizada em quatro bases de dados. A amostra foi composta por 11 pesquisas. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos incluídos foi avaliada por meio de ferramentas propostas pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. A análise e a síntese dos dados foram realizadas de maneira descritiva. Resultados: as taxas de infecção de sítio cirúrgico variaram de 0,4% até 7,6%, considerando os resultados dos estudos primários, cujos pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia por via laparoscópica. Nas pesquisas com os participantes submetidos aos procedimentos cirúrgicos com diferentes abordagens (aberta, via laparoscópica ou robótica), as taxas de infecção variaram de 0,9% até 12%. Com relação aos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento deste tipo de infecção, ressaltam-se antibioticoprofilaxia, sexo feminino, Índice de Massa Corporal elevado e hiperglicemia perioperatória. Conclusão: a condução da revisão gerou corpo de evidências que reforça a importância na implementação de medidas efetivas para prevenção e controle de infecção de sítio cirúrgico pelos profissionais de saúde após cirurgia bariátrica, promovendo a melhoria da assistência e da segurança do paciente no perioperatório.

Resumen Objetivo: evaluar las evidencias sobre los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de infección de sitio quirúrgico en cirugía bariátrica. Método: revisión integradora. La búsqueda de estudios primarios se realizó en cuatro bases de datos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 11 investigaciones. La calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos se evaluó mediante herramientas propuestas por el Joanna Briggs Institute. El análisis y la síntesis de los datos se realizaron de manera descriptiva. Resultados: las tasas de infección del sitio quirúrgico oscilaron entre 0,4% y 7,6%, considerando los resultados de los estudios primarios, en los que los pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía mediante laparoscopia. En investigaciones con participantes que se sometieron a procedimientos quirúrgicos con diferentes enfoques (abierto, laparoscópico o robótico), las tasas de infección oscilaron entre el 0,9 % y el 12 %. En cuanto a los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de este tipo de infección, se destacan la profilaxis antibiótica, el sexo femenino, el Índice de Masa Corporal elevado y la hiperglucemia perioperatoria. Conclusión: la realización de la revisión generó un cuerpo de evidencia que refuerza la importancia de implementar medidas efectivas para la prevención y el control de la infección de sitio quirúrgico, por parte de los profesionales de la salud, después de la cirugía bariátrica, promoviendo la mejora de la atención y la seguridad del paciente en el período perioperatorio.