Juvenile language disorders and their interaction with dentistry: a bibliometric analysis.

Language disorders may interfere with social integration and affectpersonal development. Beca-use the balance of the stomatognathic system can interfere with language, it is important for speech therapy and dentistry to work together, providing multidisciplinar y Healthcare. AIM: To analyze the 100 most frequently cited articles on language disorders in children and adolescents and assess the interplay with dentistry by means of a bibliometric analysis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A search of the 100 most frequently cited articles up to December 2021 on language disorders was performed in the Web of Science Core Collection database. Four researchers extracted the data on number of citations, title, authors, country, year of publication, journals, study design, prevalent clinical conditions, and area of expertise. The analyses were performed using VOSviewer and Excel. RESULTS: The total number of citations ranged from 251 to 1,431. Four articles were cited more than 1,000 times. Bishop DVM (10 articles; 3,653 citations) and Tomblin JD (10 articles; 4,261 citations) were the most frequently cited authors. The institutions with the largest number of publications were the University of Oxford/England (11%) and the University of Kansas/USA (8%). Observational study design was the most frequent (77%). Autism spectrum disorder (18%) and dyslexia (14%) were the most broadly investigated clinical conditions. Speech-language pathology (32%) was the area of expertise with the largest number of articles, and none of the top 100 studies showed interplay with dentistry. CONCLUSION: The 100 most widely cited articles on language disorders are mostly observational, mainly address autism spectrum disorder, and are in the field of speech-language pathology No study reported interplay with dentistry.

Os disturbios de linguagem podem interferir na integrando social e afetar o desenvolvimento dos individuos. O trabalho multidisciplinar entre fonoaudiologia e odontologia é muito importante para a promogdo da saúde. O equilibrio do sistema estomatognático interfere na linguagem. OBJETIVO: Analisar os100 artigos mais citados sobre distúrbios de linguagem em criannas e adolescentes e verificar a interando com a odontologia por meio de análise bibliométrica. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma busca pelos 100 artigos mais citados sobre distúrbios de linguagem na base de dados Web of Science Core Collection até dezembro de 2021. Quatro pesquisadores extrairam os dados referentes a número de citanoes, titulo, autores, país, ano de publicando, periódicos, desenho de estudo, condinoes clínicas prevalentes e área de especializando. As análises foram realizadas utilizando VOSviewer e Excel. RESULTADOS: O número total de citanoes variou de 251 a 1.431. Quatro artigos foram citados mais de 1.000 vezes. Bishop DVM (10 artigos; 3.653 citanoes) e Tomblin JD (10 artigos; 4.261 citanoes) foram os autores mais frequentemente citados. As instituinoes com maior número de publicanoes foram a Universidade de Oxford/Inglaterra (11%) e a Universidade de Kansas/EUA (8%). O desenho de estudo observacional foi o mais frequente (77%). O transtorno do espectro autista (18%) e a dislexia (14%) foram as condinoes clínicas mais amplamente investigadas. A Fonoaudiologia (32%) foi a área de atuando com maior número de artigos e nenhum estudo, entre os top100, mostrou interando com a Odontologia. CONCLUSÃO: Os 100 artigos mais citados sobre distúrbios de linguagem sdo em sua maioria observacionais, abordam principalmente transtornos do espectro do autismo e estdo na área de fonoaudiologia. Nenhum estudo apresentou interando com a odontologia.

Older adults with communication disabilities and their use of communication support at doctor's visits: a nationally representative study.

PURPOSE: Older adults with communication disabilities (CDs) experience barriers to receiving care and face a paucity of accommodations for their disability. Utilizing someone that supports communication with healthcare providers (communication support persons) may be a way that this group self-supports their disability. We examined if this utilization was independently associated with CDs among older adults. We also sought to understand if socioeconomic factors were associated with utilization. METHODS: We used the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Survey (NHATS) to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of Medicare beneficiaries (n = 5954) with functional hearing, expressive, or cognitive difficulties. We calculated a weighted, population prevalence and an adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) controlling for sociodemographic, health and other disability factors. RESULTS: Among community dwelling older adults, having CDs was associated with higher utilization of a communication support person at medical visits (APR: 1.41 [CI: 1.27 - 1.57]). Among adults with CDs, Black adults and women had lower levels of utilization as compared to White adults and men, respectively. CONCLUSION: Communication support persons may be a way that older adults with CDs self-support their disability. However, not all older adults with CDs bring someone and variation by social factors could suggest that unmet support needs exist.

Over half of older adults with communication disabilities do not utilize a communication support person at doctors' visits, and utilization differs by race and gender.Rehabilitation professionals should educate their older adult patients with communication disabilities on this practice and collaborate with speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and audiologists (AuDs) on how to accommodate this population's disability.SLPs and AuDs can directly train support persons, other rehabilitation professionals, and physicians on accommodating these patients. For patients who don't bring a support person, SLPs and AuDs can plan alternative communication disability supports to use in healthcare settings, so that all older adults with CDs can equitably access their healthcare.

Referral Patterns to Speech and Language Therapy in the UK before, during, and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Dysphagia Compared with Communication Disorders.

INTRODUCTION: Acquired swallowing impairment is a major public health issue that often leads to increased morbidity and slower recovery. Speech and language therapists (SLTs) have taken the lead in the assessment and treatment of dysphagia, which is reflected in guidelines where early intervention is recommended. This is in addition to the central role that SLTs play in the management of acquired communication impairments since research indicates that patients with communication difficulties benefit from early and intensive therapy by SLTs. This increasing demand for SLTs is expected to cause conflicting pressures in their workload and, therefore, beneficial to consider workforce planning. The aim of this study was to examine real-world data in the UK to investigate this issue regarding changes in referral patterns of patients with dysphagia and/or communication disorders to SLTs over time, to assist with workforce planning. METHODS: We interrogated the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists Online Outcome Tool, a national database, in this retrospective cohort study. We included patients evaluated between 2018 and 2022. We performed a subgroup analysis of patients aged ≥40 years who had a primary medical diagnosis of stroke. Data on age, primary diagnosis, time on caseload, primary Therapeutic Outcome Measure (TOM) scale and initial TOM score on impairment were examined. RESULTS: From the database of 44,444 referrals to speech and language therapy, 5,254 referrals were included in the stroke and overall subgroup analyses. Referrals were 55.1% male, with a median age of 71 years. More than half (56.1%) of these referrals were for dysphagia. Referrals decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic but began to recover from 2021 onwards. The time on the SLT caseload has increased over the years from a median of 14 days (interquartile range [IQR] 0-56) in 2018 to 20 days (IQR: 3-81) in 2022. While there were more referrals to SLT services for assessment and management of dysphagia than for communication in the overall population, in the stroke subgroup, referrals for communication disorders outnumbered referrals for dysphagia from 2020 onwards. Additionally, the severity of impairment on referral increased over the years. CONCLUSION: Real-world data indicates that referrals to SLT services are changing over time to include more complex and severely impaired patients, with a demand for both swallowing and communication disorders. These findings should inform staff allocation and remodelling of education/training for SLTs to better meet clinical and public health needs. The retrospective nature of this study limits the strength and generalisability of these data, and this topic warrants further investigation.

Awareness, Knowledge and Practice Patterns of Oral Health and Hygiene among Speech-Language Pathologists in India.

Individuals with communication and swallowing disorders often exhibit poor oral health and hygiene (OHH), that can lead to further complications. OHH assessment and management is a part of scope of practice of Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs). The study aims to determine the level of awareness, knowledge and practice patterns of OHH amongst the SLPs in India. A questionnaire with 20-item and three sections was developed to assess the awareness and knowledge regarding OHH among SLPs. A total of 162 participants responded to the survey. 93.2% participants were aware of the importance of OHH, however 42.6% participants did not feel confident enough to assess the same. A majority (82.7%) agreed that poor OHH can lead to different health complications. 38.8% of the participants responded that they assessed oral health only sometimes and 54.3% reported that they never used any standard screening/assessment tools to assess oral health. Only a very small percentage of participants (28.65%) counselled the patients for maintenance of oral hygiene and more than 40% never recommended appropriate OHH practices during management. Though a vast majority were aware of the importance of OHH and consequences of poor OHH, they did not feel confident and consequently did not incorporate OHH during clinical practice. Though the scope of SLP includes oral care assessment and management, Indian SLPs were not practicing this. Hence, the clinical and academic curriculum should focus on topics pertaining to oral health assessment and management, which will improve the quality-of-service delivery of the SLPs.

AI and Aphasia in the Digital Age: A Critical Review.

Aphasiology has a long and rich tradition of contributing to understanding how culture, language, and social environment contribute to brain development and function. Recent breakthroughs in AI can transform the role of aphasiology in the digital age by leveraging speech data in all languages to model how damage to specific brain regions impacts linguistic universals such as grammar. These tools, including generative AI (ChatGPT) and natural language processing (NLP) models, could also inform practitioners working with clinical populations in the assessment and treatment of aphasia using AI-based interventions such as personalized therapy and adaptive platforms. Although these possibilities have generated enthusiasm in aphasiology, a rigorous interrogation of their limitations is necessary before AI is integrated into practice. We explain the history and first principles of reciprocity between AI and aphasiology, highlighting how lesioning neural networks opened the black box of cognitive neurolinguistic processing. We then argue that when more data from aphasia across languages become digitized and available online, deep learning will reveal hitherto unreported patterns of language processing of theoretical interest for aphasiologists. We also anticipate some problems using AI, including language biases, cultural, ethical, and scientific limitations, a misrepresentation of marginalized languages, and a lack of rigorous validation of tools. However, as these challenges are met with better governance, AI could have an equitable impact.

Field validation of an app based developmental and speech language screening (SRESHT screener) conducted by grass root workers.

This study validated an app-based developmental and speech language screening (SRESHT screener) conducted by Grass Roots Workers (GRWs) among children below six years of age in a rural community in the state of Tamil Nadu (the field). Method: The study was carried out in two phases, first the training of GRWs and then the validation of the screening conducted by them using the app. For the training, suitable materials were developed, and the GRW's knowledge and skills were evaluated pre- and post-training. Two closed-ended questionnaires were used to evaluate the GRWs' knowledge about the screening tools. The Observed Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) method was used to evaluate their skill. All the participants were selected by convenience sampling and were screened independently by both a Speech Language Pathologist (SLP) and a GRW using the application. Cohen's kappa and percent agreement were used to determine agreement in screening results between the SLP and GRWs. Results: All the GRWs scored at least 75 % and above in both the knowledge and skill assessments conducted post-training. "Substantial agreement" on kappa-based extent of agreement and "almost perfect" agreement on percent agreement were obtained between GRWs and SLP for the app-based screening. Conclusion: The findings of this study imply that the app-based developmental and speech language screening performed in the community by GRWs is valid.

Status of Identification of Communication Disorder in Children in Current Scenario: A Survey from West Bengal.

To find the status of age of suspicion and identification availed for children with different communication disorders. This cross-sectional survey study was conducted on 2081 children aged 0.5 to 15 years (mean: 5.41; S.D.: ±3.77) who came to the speech-language diagnostic department of AYJNISHD(D), RC, Kolkata for availing rehabilitation service at the institute. The information was gathered from the parents and caregivers of the children. After detailed evaluation by the interdisciplinary team, the developed 14-item questionnaire was administered, and data were recorded and tabulated. Findings suggested that average age of suspicion of presence of communication problem is 2 years (SD: ±0.98). The suspicion rate increased with increasing age with a saturation in suspicion rate after 5 years. Consultation of a medical professional, primarily an ENT specialist was availed by 2.8 years (SD: ±1.89) of age and 32% of the doctors during the first visit assured the parents not to worry as the child would learn language with age and only 43.4% were referred for rehabilitation. Among them, 42.8% of children were found hearing loss, 24.5% found to have autism spectrum disorder, 20.66% of children were diagnosed with developmental delay, 6.4% were diagnosed with intellectual disability, 4.7% were diagnosed with late language emergence and 0.86% were diagnosed with cerebral palsy. From the findings we can conclude perceived cause of delay in identification is lack of awareness, lack of proper guidance from the primary consultants, and tendency to follow wait-and-watch policy.

Using Conversation Analysis to explore assessments of decision-making capacity in a hospital setting.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) have a responsibility to conduct assessments of decision-making capacity that comply with the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA). Current best-practice guidance, such as the Mental Capacity Code of Practice and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence decision-making and mental capacity guidance, does not stipulate how to accomplish this in practice, for example, what questions should be asked, how options and information should be provided. In addition, HCPs struggle to assess the capacity of individuals with communication difficulties. AIMS: This study was a service evaluation that aimed to objectively analyse, using Conversation Analysis (CA), how real-life capacity assessments were conducted in a hospital setting with patients with acquired brain injury (ABI)-related communication difficulties. A second aim was to establish the feasibility of using CA to advance knowledge of the conduct of capacity assessment. METHODS & PROCEDURES: Four naturally occurring capacity assessments were video-recorded. Recordings involved speech and language therapists, occupational therapists, neuropsychologists and patients with communication difficulties as a result of ABI. The methods and findings of CA were used to investigate the interactional behaviours of HCPs and patients during assessments of decision-making capacity. The analysis was informed by our knowledge of the MCA best practice guidance. OUTCOMES & RESULTS: An overall structure of capacity assessment that enacted some of the best-practice MCA guidance was identified in one recording, consisting of six phases: (i) opening, (ii) preparation, (iii) option-listing, (iv) test, (v) decision, and (vi) close. The preparation phase consisted of two sub-components: information gathering and information giving. Variation from this structure was observed across the dataset, notably in the way in which options were (or were not) presented. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: CA is a feasible empirical method for exploring the structure and conduct of capacity assessments. CA identifies and provides ways of describing interactional behaviours that align with and diverge from best-practice MCA guidance. Future CA studies including a wider range of health and social care professionals and patients have the potential to inform evidence based training for HCPs who conduct assessments of decision-making capacity. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on this subject The Mental Capacity Act (MCA) is poorly implemented in practice. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) find it challenging to assess the decision-making capacity of individuals with communication difficulties, and people with communication difficulties are often excluded from or insufficiently supported during capacity assessment. Research is limited to self-report methods. Observational studies of capacity assessment are required. What this study adds This is the first study to use Conversation Analysis (CA) to explore how capacity assessments are conducted in a hospital setting by HCPs with people with communication difficulties as a result of acquired brain injury. One video-recorded capacity assessment was structured in six phases that aligned with best practice MCA guidance. However, other capacity assessments deviated from this structure. One phase, option listing, varied in practice and options were not always presented. What are the clinical implications of this work? CA revealed interactional behaviours that align with and diverge from best-practice MCA guidance. Future CA studies are warranted to inform training for health and social care professionals who conduct capacity assessments.

Pain assessment tools in adults with communication disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Verbal communication is the "gold standard" for assessing pain. Consequently, individuals with communication disorders are particularly vulnerable to incomplete pain management. This review aims at identifying the current pain assessment instruments for adult patients with communication disorders. METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted on PubMed, PEDRO, EBSCOhost, VHL and Cochrane databases from 2011 to 2023 using MeSH terms "pain assessment, "nonverbal communication" and "communication disorders" in conjunction with additional inclusion criteria: studies limited to humans, interventions involving adult patients, and empirical investigations. RESULTS: Fifty articles were included in the review. Seven studies report sufficient data to perform the meta-analysis. Observational scales are the most common instruments to evaluate pain in individuals with communication disorders followed by physiological measures and facial recognition systems. While most pain assessments rely on observational scales, current evidence does not strongly endorse one scale over others for clinical practice. However, specific observational scales appear to be particularly suitable for identifying pain during certain potentially painful procedures, such as suctioning and mobilization, in these populations. Additionally, specific observational scales appear to be well-suited for certain conditions, such as mechanically ventilated patients. CONCLUSIONS: While observational scales dominate pain assessment, no universal tool exists for adults with communication disorders. Specific scales exhibit promise for distinct populations, yet the diverse landscape of tools hampers a one-size-fits-all solution. Crucially, further high-quality research, offering quantitative data like reliability findings, is needed to identify optimal tools for various contexts. Clinicians should be informed to select tools judiciously, recognizing the nuanced appropriateness of each in diverse clinical situations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) with the ID: CRD42022323655 .

The analysis of gestural and verbal pragmatic markers produced by Mild Cognitive Impaired participants during longitudinal and autobiographical interviews.

CONTEXT: This corpus-based study presents a multimodal analysis of verbal pragmatic markers and non-verbal pragmatic markers in elderly people with Mild Cognitive Impairment aged over 75 years. METHODS: The corpus collection and analysis methodology has been described in the Belgian CorpAGEst transversal study and the French VintAGE longitudinal and transversal oriented pilot studies. The protocols are available online in both English and French. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Our general findings indicate that with ageing, verbal pragmatic markers acquire an interactive function that allows people with MCI to maintain intersubjective relationships with their interlocutor. Furthermore, at the non-verbal level, gestural manifestations are increasingly used over time with a preference for non-verbal pragmatic markers with a referential function and an adaptive function. We aim to show the benefits of linguistic and interactional scientific investigation methods through cognitive impaired ageing for clinicians and family caregivers.

Is communication key in stroke rehabilitation and recovery? National linked stroke data study.

BACKGROUND: Information on the characteristics or long-term outcomes of people with communication support needs post-stroke is limited. We investigated associations between communication gains in rehabilitation and long-term outcomes (quality-of-life [EuroQOL-ED-3 L], mortality) by post-stroke communication support need status. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study using person-level linked data from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry and the Australasian Rehabilitation Outcomes Centre (2014-2017). Communication support needs were assessed using the Functional Independence Measure™ comprehension and expression items recorded on admission indicated by scores one (total assistance) to five (standby prompting). Multivariable multilevel and Cox regression models were used to determine associations with long-term outcomes. RESULTS: Of 8,394 patients who received in-patient rehabilitation after stroke (42% female, median age 75.6 years), two-thirds had post-stroke communication support needs. Having aphasia (odds ratio [OR] 4.34, 95% CI 3.67-5.14), being aged ≥65 years (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.08-1.36), greater stroke severity (unable to walk on admission; OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.32-1.68) and previous stroke (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.11-1.41) were associated with increased likelihoods of having communication support needs. One-point improvement in FIM™ expression was associated with reduced likelihood of self-reporting problems related to mobility (OR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.80-0.90), self-care (OR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.74-0.86) or usual activities (OR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75-0.94) at 90-180 days. Patients with communication support needs had greater mortality rates within one-year post-stroke (adjusted hazard ratio 1.99, 95% CI: 1.65-2.39). CONCLUSIONS: Two-thirds of patients with stroke require communication support to participate in healthcare activities. Establishing communication-accessible stroke care environments is a priority.

Development of fidelity of delivery and enactment measures for interventions in communication disorders.

OBJECTIVES: This study was part of a process evaluation for a single-blind, randomized controlled pilot study comparing Better Conversations with Primary Progressive Aphasia (BCPPA), an approach to communication partner training, with no speech and language therapy treatment. It was necessary to explore fidelity of delivery (delivery of intervention components) and intervention enactment (participants' use of intervention skills in the form of conversation behaviours comprising facilitators, that enhance the conversational flow, and barriers, that impeded the flow of conversation). This study aimed to: (1) Outline an adapted methodological process that uses video observation, to measure both fidelity of delivery and enactment. (2) Measure the extent to which the BCPPA pilot study was delivered as planned, and enacted. DESIGN: Observational methods were used alongside statistical analysis to explore the fidelity of intervention and enactment using video recordings obtained from the BCPPA pilot study. METHODS: A 5-step methodology, was developed to measure fidelity of delivery and enactment for the BCPPA study using video-recorded data. To identify delivery of intervention components, a random sample of eight video recorded and transcribed BCPPA intervention sessions was coded. To examine the enactment of conversation behaviours, 108 transcribed 10 -min-video recorded conversations were coded from 18 participants across the control and intervention group. RESULTS: Checklists and guidelines for measurement of fidelity of treatment delivery and coding spreadsheets and guidelines for measurement of enactment are presented. Local collaborators demonstrated 87.2% fidelity to the BCPPA protocol. Participants in the BCPPA treatment group increased their use of facilitator behaviours enacted in conversation from a mean of 13.5 pre-intervention to 14.2 post-intervention, whilst control group facilitators decreased from a mean of 15.5 to 14.4, over the same timescale. CONCLUSIONS: This study proposes a novel and robust methods, using video recorded intervention sessions and conversation samples, to measure both fidelity of intervention delivery and enactment. The learnings from this intervention are transferable to other communication interventions.

Emergence from Disorders of Consciousness: Optimizing Self-Agency Through Communication.

Language and communication deficits are intrinsic to disorders of consciousness. This article will provide an overview of language and communication deficits that can significantly confound the accuracy of diagnostic assessment in these patients. Authors will also discuss interventions to promote early communication using assistive technology and augmentative communication rehabilitation strategies. Finally, this article will discuss the importance of family education as well as ethical considerations connected to the recovery of communication and adaptive strategies to support patient autonomy and enhance self-agency.

Evidence-Based Assessment of Developmental Disorders.

Developmental disorders are diverse, common, and impairing; still, many clinicians lack comprehensive training in their assessment. This review presents thorough guidelines for the evaluation and diagnosis of common communication, sleeping, feeding, and elimination disorders that often onset in the early developmental period and that are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Thorough guidance on the evidence-based assessment of developmental disorders is critical, as they are prevalent, impairing, and commonly comorbid with other psychiatric disorders of childhood. This review is the first of its kind-providing critically needed, step-by-step guidance on the existing evidence-based methodologies and assessment tools available for diagnosis. This review also makes clear the dire need for further development and validation of relevant screening and diagnostic measure and calls for specific attention to the development of specific screening and diagnostic assessment measures for feeding disorders and elimination disorders in particular. Clinicians and researchers alike may find this article useful in guiding diagnostic, treatment, and research procedures.

Um curso de capacitação sobre comunicação na primeira infância impacta no conhecimento de profissionais da educação infantil? / Does a training course on early childhood communication have an impact on the knowledge of early childhood education professionals?

Resumo Objetivo Analisar se um curso de capacitação sobre o desenvolvimento da comunicação na primeira infância tem impacto positivo no conhecimento de profissionais da educação infantil e verificar a percepção dos participantes sobre o curso. Método Estudo longitudinal conduzido em ambiente virtual entre setembro de 2021 e dezembro de 2022. No total, participaram 91 profissionais da educação infantil que concluíram um curso de capacitação. O curso consistiu em três módulos sobre desenvolvimento da comunicação na primeira infância, ofertados por meio da plataforma Google Classroom, com uma carga horária total de 50 horas distribuídas ao longo de quatro meses. Os participantes responderam um questionário composto por 20 itens relacionados aos temas abordados antes de iniciar o curso, imediatamente após a conclusão e seis meses após o término. Para cada questão respondida corretamente foi atribuído 1 ponto. A análise dos dados foi conduzida por meio de uma abordagem descritiva e inferencial, sendo a comparação do total de acertos nos três momentos realizada por meio da ANOVA de Friedman, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Tanto a análise dos acertos de cada item do questionário, quanto a pontuação geral revelou aumento gradual entre os três momentos. A percepção dos participantes sobre o curso teve alto índice de satisfação. Conclusão Os participantes demonstraram aumento no número de acertos no questionário nos momentos pré e pós curso de capacitação, o que sugere maior conhecimento sobre o desenvolvimento da comunicação na primeira infância tanto imediatamente após sua conclusão, quanto após seis meses.

Abstract Purpose To analyze whether a training course on communication development in early childhood has a positive impact on the knowledge of early childhood education professionals and to verify the participants' perception of the course. Methods A longitudinal study conducted in a virtual environment between September 2021 and December 2022. A total of 91 early childhood education professionals took part and completed a training course. The course consisted of three modules on communication development in early childhood, offered through the Google Classroom platform, with a total workload of 50 hours spread over four months. Participants answered a questionnaire made up of 20 items related to the topics covered before starting the course, immediately after completing it and six months after finishing. For each question answered correctly, 1 point was awarded. The data was analyzed using a descriptive and inferential approach, and the total number of correct answers at the three moments was compared using Friedman's ANOVA, with a significance level of 5%. Results Both the analysis of the correct answers to each item in the questionnaire and the overall score showed a gradual increase between the three moments. The participants' perception of the course was highly satisfied. Conclusion The participants showed an increase in the number of correct answers to the questionnaire before and after the training course, which suggests greater knowledge about the development of communication in early childhood both immediately after the course and after six months.

Idadismo e Fonoaudiologia: quando o preconceito afeta o olhar clínico sobre a pessoa idosa / Ageism and Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences: when the prejudice interferes in the clinical view on the aged person / Edadismo y logopedia: cuando el prejuicio interfiere en la visión clínica de la persona mayor

A Organização Mundial da Saúde preconiza que mudemos a forma como pensamos, sentimos e agimos com relação à idade e ao envelhecimento, lutando contra o idadismo direcionado à pessoa idosa - o conjunto de estereótipos, preconceitos e discriminação contra esse grupo. Diante do papel da fonoaudiologia na gerontologia, do impacto possível do idadismo no cuidado fonoaudiológico e por desconhecermos trabalhos semelhantes ao aqui proposto, objetivamos discutir o idadismo entre estudantes e profissionais da Fonoaudiologia. Realizou-se revisão integrativa de literatura, buscando-se artigos, em abril de 2023, a partir dos termos "idadismo" e "fonoaudiologia" nas bases Scientific Electronic Library On-line (SciELO), Literatura Latinoamericana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Public Medicine Library (PubMed). Incluíram-se todas as referências publicadas nos últimos 15 anos sobre o tema, bem como as pesquisas pertinentes à revisão citadas nestes artigos. Foram encontradas cinco pesquisas, todas quantitativas, publicadas entre 2003 e 2021, duas realizadas nos Estados Unidos, duas no Chile e uma no Brasil. O idadismo foi avaliado como preconceito, como conhecimento indevido sobre o envelhecimento, atitudeinadequada com relação aos idosos e como estereótipo sobre eles, e foi encontrado em estudantes na metade (n=2) dos estudos que os investigaram, num deles sob a forma de conhecimento inadequado e no outro sob a forma de preconceito. Ademais, o idadismo esteve presente em fonoaudiólogos em um dos quatro estudos que os avaliaram, apresentado como estereótipo positivo. Os resultados desta revisão não são generalizáveis, mas podem fundamentar reflexões com repercussões no cuidado fonoaudiológico prestado a pessoas idosas e evidenciam a necessidade de mais pesquisas. (AU)

The World Health Organization Combating proposes combating ageism toward older persons- conceptualized as stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination against older people. Due to the role of speech and language pathologist (SLP) and audiologist in gerontology, because of the possible impact of ageism in caring for older persons and because we didn't find studies similar to this research, we aimed to discuss ageism between SLP and Audiology professionals and students. We conducted an integrative review, searching articles, in 2023 April, by terms "ageism" and "SLP" in the scientific bases Scientific Electronic Library On-line (SciELO), Literatura Latinoamericana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Public Medicine Library (PubMed). All the research published in the last 15 years about the theme were included, as well as the theme-related cited in these researches. There were found five articles, all quantitative, published between 2003 and 2021, two in the United States of America, two in Chile and one in Brazil. Ageism was evaluated as prejudice, inadequate knowledge about the aging, inadequate attitude toward older persons and stereotypes about them. Ageism was found in half (n=2) of the studies that investigated SLP students, evidenced as inadequate knowledge in one of them and as prejudice in the other. Between SLP professionals, ageism was found in one of four studies, evidenced as a positive stereotype. The results are not generalizable, but they can stimulate reflections about repercussions in the care of aged persons and it points to the necessity of more studies. (AU)

La Organización Mundial de la Salud propones la lucha contra el edadismo - conoscido como estereotipos, prejuicios y discriminación contra las personas mayores. Debido al papel de la logopedia en gerontología y a la posibilidad de edadismo perjudicar el cuidado a las personas mayores, y porque desconocemos trabajos similares a nuestro, estudiamos el edadismo entre estudiantes y profesionales de Logopedia. Se desarrolló una revisión integrativa. Se buscaron artículos, en abril de 2023, por los términos "edadismo" y "logopedia" en las bases científicas Scientific Electronic Library On-line (SciELO), Literatura Latinoamericana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Public Medicine Library (PubMed). Se incluyeron todas las investigaciones sobre el tema publicadas en los últimos 15 años, y aquellas relacionadas con el tema citadas en estas investigaciones. Se encontraron cinco artículos, todos cuantitativos, publicados entre 2003 y 2021, dos de los cuales fueron realizados en Estados Unidos de América, dos en Chile y uno en Brasil. La discriminación por edad se evaluó como prejuicio, conocimiento inadecuado sobre el proceso de envejecimiento, actitud inadecuada hacia las personas mayores y estereotipos sobre esas personas. La discriminación por edad se encontró en la mitad (n=2) de los estudios sobre este grupo, evidenciada como conocimiento inadecuado en uno y como prejuicio en otro. Entre los logopedas, en uno de los cuatro estudios se encontró discriminación por edad, como un estereotipo positivo. Los resultados no son generalizables, pero pueden estimular reflexiones sobre las repercusiones en el cuidado gerontológico y señalar la necesidad de realizar más estudios. (AU)

Person-centered care for people with aphasia: tools for shared decision-making.

Shared decision-making is a fundamental aspect of person-centered care, and can and should be part of many different aspects of the rehabilitation process. Communication disabilities like aphasia, which affects people's ability to use and understand spoken and written language, can make shared decision-making especially challenging to the resources and skills of rehabilitation practitioners. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive description of tools that can support successful shared decision-making with people with aphasia in the rehabilitation environment. These tools and strategies are appropriate for use by physicians, nurses, social workers, physical therapists (also referred to as physiotherapists), occupational therapists, and other service or care providers. The important role of speech-language pathologists as consultants is also described. Case scenarios throughout the paper illustrate the application of recommended tools and strategies along with best practices.

Communication board in locked-in syndrome: a practical interaction method with the patient.

Locked-in syndrome is a neurological condition characterized by tetraplegia, mutism, preservation of vertical eye movement, superior eyelid movement, and intact consciousness, making it impossible for the patient to communicate properly. We herein describe a case to analyze the practice of developing a method of communication for a patient with locked-in syndrome. Two communication boards were created, adapted to the Portuguese language, as well as a shortcut to inquire about the physical and emotional patient's well-being. We had difficulty with the initial communication board, due to the patient's low education level, so we adapted a new one to the patient's social context, including a shortcut to inquire about physical and emotional well-being. The communication board had a positive impact on treatment development and the patient's life.

A síndrome do encarceramento é uma condição neurológica caracterizada por tetraplegia, mutismo, preservação do movimento vertical dos olhos, movimento palpebral superior e consciência intacta, impossibilitando a comunicação adequada do paciente. Descrevemos um caso para analisar a prática de criação de um método de comunicação em um paciente com síndrome do encarceramento. Foram criadas duas pranchas de comunicação, adaptadas à língua portuguesa, e um atalho para indagar sobre o bem-estar físico e emocional do paciente. Tivemos dificuldade com a prancha de comunicação inicial em razão da baixa escolaridade do paciente, então criamos uma nova prancha de comunicação adaptada ao seu contexto social. A nova prancha tinha um atalho para indagar sobre o bem-estar físico e emocional do paciente. A prancha de comunicação teve impacto positivo no desenvolvimento do tratamento e na vida do paciente.