Construction and validation of an Entrepreneurship Measurement Instrument for nursing students.

Objective: To develop a valid and reliable scale to measure entrepreneurship competences of nursing students, by assessing the level of development of diverse entrepreneurship dimensions. Methods: An Entrepreneurship Measurement Instrument, Catalonia (IME.Cat) was constructed, by adapting two existing instruments, and a psychometric study was performed to address the validity of the content and the construct, and the reliability. The internal consistency and the discrimination capacity of the instrument's items were examined. Results: The IME.Cat scale showed a high reliability (α=0.89) for the complete set of items. The Cronbach's α value of the individual dimensions were: Problem management=0.78; Creativity=0.76; Personal confidence =0.64; and Risk acceptance =0.46. The corrected homogeneity indices for each of the item in the instrument were high (>0.40). The Confirmatory Factorial Analysis validated the proposed structure of the items according to dimension. Conclusion: The IME.Cat scale showed solid psychometric values for assessing the entrepreneurship competences of nursing students within its dimensions, which are fundamental for the professional development of nursing.

Perfil de competencias del docente universitario en el campo de las Ciencias de la Salud / Competency profile of the university teacher in the field of health sciences

INTRODUCCIÓN. El pilar fundamental en el docente universitario en el campo de las Ciencias de la Salud, es la modestia intelectual, su vocación, innovación, empatía, organización y actualización constante, resumidas en el saber, saber hacer y saber ser, las cuales permitirán transmitir conocimientos y habilidades relevantes de manera integral y funcional al conglomerado estudiantil, con la misión de unificar la docencia ­ investigación ­ vinculación con la sociedad. OBJETIVO. Caracterizar las competencias básicas y específicas del docente universitario en el campo de las Ciencias de la Salud. JUSTIFICACIÓN. Elaborar un perfil modelo de competencias para incrementar la calidad docente en las Instituciones de Educación Superior, priorizar y solventar las necesidades de la sociedad en la actualidad. METODOLOGÍA. Estudio de revisión bibliográfica de 21 manuscritos seleccionados de Google académico, PubMed y LILACS Regional, cuyas fechas de publicación corresponden al año 2011 ­ 2023, con excepción de un documento del año 1994 por la importancia sobre la articulación en la formación del personal de salud. El criterio de búsqueda consistió en el empleo de frases clave como "Educación Basada en Competencias", "Personal Docente", "Ciencias de la Salud", "Educación Basada en Competencias", "Educación Médica", "Universidades". RESULTADOS. El docente universitario en el campo de las Ciencias de la Salud debe contar con un perfil de competencias básicas (comunicativas, tecnológicas, sociales, cognitivas, personales), competencias específicas (planificación, organización, didáctica, evaluación, reflexión), que permita un desempeño óptimo, con la misión de cumplir con los indicadores de calidad de las Instituciones de Educación Superior y trascender en el proceso enseñanza ­ aprendizaje. CONCLUSIÓN. Las competencias básicas y específicas del docente universitario en el campo de las Ciencias de la Salud se sustentan y resumen en el saber, saber hacer y saber ser, es transversal la aplicación de la competencia de modestia intelectual y el valor de la empatía que mantienen el espíritu de crecimiento sostenido en la búsqueda del conocimiento y excelencia académica para la docencia en las Ciencias de la Salud priorizando la calidad del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje.

INTRODUCTION. The fundamental pillar in the university teacher in the field of Health Sciences is intellectual humility, his vocation, innovation, empathy, organization and constant updating, summarized in knowledge, knowing how to do and knowing how to be, which will allow the transmission of knowledge and skills relevant in a comprehensive and functional way to the student group, with the mission of unifying teaching ­ research ­ connection with society. AIM. Characterize the basic and specific competencies of the university teacher in the field of Health Sciences. JUSTIFICATION. Develop a model profile of competencies to increase teaching quality in Higher Education Institutions, prioritize and solve the needs of society today. METHODOLOGY. Bibliographic review study of 21 manuscripts selected from Google Scholar, PubMed and LILACS Regional, whose publication dates correspond to the year 2011 ­ 2023, with the exception of a document from 1994 due to the importance of articulation in the training of health personnel. The search criteria consisted of the use of key phrases such as "Competency-Based Education", "Educational Personnel", "Health Sciences", "Competency-Based Education", "Education, Medical", "Universities". RESULTS. University teachers in the field of Health Sciences must have a profile of basic competencies (communicative, technological, social, cognitive, personal), specific competencies (planning, organization, didactics, evaluation, reflection), that allow performance optimal, with the mission of complying with the quality indicators of Higher Education Institutions and transcending the teaching-learning process. CONCLUSION. The basic and specific competencies of the university teacher in the field of Health Sciences are based on and summarized in knowledge, knowing how to do and knowing how to be; the application of the competence of intellectual humility and the value of empathy that maintain the spirit of sustained growth in the search for knowledge and academic excellence for teaching in the Health Sciences, prioritizing the quality of the teaching-learning process.

Diagnostico de competencia transversal autoevaluada de las y los tutores clínicos de Especializaciones en Enfermería / Diagnóstico da competência transversal autoavaliada dos tutores clínicos das Especializações de Enfermagem / Diagnosis of self-assessed transversal competence of clinical tutors of Nursing Specializations

Introducción: La evaluación diagnóstica de competencias transversales de los tutores clínicos de especialización en enfermería es necesaria para sistematizar la práctica clínica, en la cual un especialista acompaña a sus estudiantes. Objetivo: Analizar la competencia transversal de las y los Tutores Clínicos del Programa Único de Especializaciones en Enfermería de la UNAM. Metodología: Cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Se diseñó y validó por jueces la "Escala de Autoevaluación de Competencias Transversales de la y el Tutor Clínico de Especialización en Enfermería". La muestra se obtuvo a partir de la fórmula de poblaciones finitas, y participaron 95 Tutores Clínicos del PUEE-UNAM. La recolección de los datos se llevó a cabo en noviembre del 2022 y se analizaron los datos a través del programa estadístico "IBM SPSS Statistics". Resultados: Los resultados muestran que 73% fueron mujeres y 27% hombres, 56% cuenta con actualización docente mediante cursos, diplomados o certificaciones. Con respecto a la competencia transversal, las y los tutores clínicos promediaron un 88.87% en "Nivel alto". Aunque en general la valoración de las competencias fue alta, se identificaron competencias con porcentajes bajos: Capacidad para diseñar escenarios de aprendizaje del cuidado especializado (68.40%), Capacidad para evaluar el aprendizaje en el entorno práctico (71.60%), Capacidad para promover el trabajo colaborativo (76.80%). Conclusiones: El diagnóstico de la competencia transversal de las y los tutores clínicos del PUEE-UNAM muestra que existen áreas de fortaleza y de oportunidad que demandan capacitación y formación continua en capacidades docentes, socioafectivas e interpersonales

Introduction: The diagnostic evaluation of transversal competencies of clinical tutors specializing in nursing is necessary to systematize clinical practice, in which a specialist accompanies their students. Objective: Analyze the transversal competence of the Clinical Tutors of the Unique Program of Specializations in Nursing of the UNAM. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive and transversal. The "Self-Evaluation Scale of Transversal Competencies of the Nursing Specialization Clinical Tutor" was designed and validated by judges. The sample was obtained from the finite population formula, and 95 Clinical Tutors from PUEE-UNAM participated. Data collection took place in November 2022 and the data was analyzed through the statistical program "IBM SPSS Statistics". Results: The results show that 73% were women and 27% men, 56% have teaching updating through graduate courses or certifications. Regarding transversal competence, the clinical tutors averaged 88.87% in "High level". Although in general the assessment of the competencies was high, competencies with low percentages were identified: Ability to design specialized care learning scenarios (68.40%), Ability to evaluate learning in the practical environment (71.60%), Ability to promote collaborative work (76.80%). Conclusions: The diagnosis of the transversal competence of the PUEE-UNAM clinical tutors shows that there are areas of strength and opportunity that demand training and continuous training in teaching, socio-affective and interpersonal skills

Introdução: A avaliação diagnóstica das proficiências interdisciplinares dos tutores clínicos de especialização em enfermagem é necessária para sistematizar a prática clínica, na qual um especialista acompanha os seus estudantes. Objetivo: Analisar a proficiência transversal das e dos Tutores Clínicos do Programa Único de Especializações em Enfermagem da UNAM. Metodologia: Quantitativa, descritiva e interdisciplinar. Juízes desenharam e validaram a "Escala de Autoavaliação de Competências Transversais da e do Tutor Clínico de Especialização em Enfermagem. A amostra foi obtida a partir da fórmula de populações finitas, da qual participaram 95 Tutores Clínicos do PUEE-UNAM. A compilação de dados foi feita em novembro de 2022, na qual foram analisados dados mediante o programa estatístico "IBM SPSS". Resultados: Os resultados mostram que, do total de participantes, 73% foi de mulheres e 27% de homens; 56% conta com atualização docente ­ obtida mediante cursos, programas de graduação ou certificações. No que diz respeito à competência transversal, 88,87% das e dos tutores clínicos atingiu o "Nível Alto". Embora a apreciação tenha sido alta em geral, foram também identificadas percentagens baixas: Capacidade para projetar cenários de aprendizado de cuidado especializado (68,40%), Capacidade para avaliar o aprendizado em uma atmosfera prática (71,60%), Capacidade para promover o trabalho colaborativo (76,80%). Conclusões: O diagnóstico da competência transversal das e dos tutores clínicos do PUEE-UNAM demonstra que existem áreas de fortaleza e de oportunidade para melhorar que precisam de capacitação e de formatura contínua em capacidades docentes, socioafetivas e interpessoais

Marcos de Competência para a formação de enfermeiros no Brasil: revisão de escopo / Competency milestones for the training of nurses in Brazil: a scoping review / Hitos de competencia para la formación de enfermeros en Brasil: una revisión del alcance

O ensino superior em Enfermagem está em constante transformação, ensejando o uso de metodologias ativas que colaborem para o desenvolvimento de competências. Objetivou-se apresentar o panorama dos marcos de competência para formação de enfermeiros no Brasil. Trata-se de uma Revisão de Escopo, realizada nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed, Portal da Capes e Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (SciELO), no período de 2012 a 2022. Foram utilizados os descritores "Educação Baseada em Competências", "Perfil de Competências de Enfermeiros"; "Educação do Enfermeiro" e "Competência" nos idiomas inglês e espanhol, com o booleano "AND". Os 11 estudos selecionados evidenciaram a mudança de paradigma de formação baseada em competências, a partir das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, clareamento do conceito de competência e marco de competências. Na realidade brasileira o tema é incipiente, com iniciativas baseadas em perfis de competências de gestão, liderança, promoção e educação em saúde.

Higher education in Nursing is constantly changing, stimulating the use of active methodologies that contribute to the development of competencies. The objective was to present an overview of the competency milestones for nurse training in Brazil. This is a Scoping Review, carried out in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), PubMed, Capes, Portal and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, from 2012 to 2022. The descriptors "Based Education Skills", "Profile of Nurses' Skills"; "Nurse Education" and "Competency" were used in English and Spanish, with the Boolean "AND". The 11 selected studies showed a change in the paradigm of competency-based training, using the National Curriculum Guidelines, clarifying the concept of competency and the competency milestones. In the Brazilian reality, the theme is incipient, with initiatives inscribed in records of management skills, leadership, promotion and health education.

La educación superior en Enfermería está en constante cambio, promovendo el uso de metodologías activas que contribuyan al desarrollo de competencias. El objetivo fue presentar un panorama de los hitos competenciales para la formación de enfermeros en Brasil. Se trata de una Revisión de Alcance, realizada en las bases de datos Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), PubMed, Portal Capes y Biblioteca Electrónica Científica en Línea (SciELO), de 2012 a 2022. Se utilizaron los descriptores "Educación Basada en Habilidades", "Perfil de Competencias del Enfermero"; "Educación de enfermería" y "Competencia" en inglés y español, con el booleano "AND". Los 11 estudios seleccionados evidenciaron un cambio en el paradigma de la formación por competencias, tomando como base los Lineamientos Curriculares Nacionales, aclarando el concepto de competencia y el marco de competencias. En la realidad brasileña, el tema es incipiente, con iniciativas inscritas en registros de habilidades de gestión, liderazgo, promoción y educación en salud.

Construction and validation of an Entrepreneurship Measurement Instrument for nursing students / Construcción y validación de un Instrumento de Medición Emprendedora para estudiantes de enfermería / Construção e validação de Instrumento de Medição Empreendedora para estudantes de enfermagem

Objective. To develop a valid and reliable scale to measure entrepreneurship competences of nursing students, by assessing the level of development of diverse entrepreneurship dimensions. Methods. An Entrepreneurship Measurement Instrument, Catalonia (IME.Cat) was constructed, by adapting two existing instruments, and a psychometric study was performed to address the validity of the content and the construct, and the reliability. The internal consistency and the discrimination capacity of the instrument's items were examined. Results. The IME.Cat scale showed a high reliability (α=0.89) for the complete set of items. The Cronbach's α value of the individual dimensions were: Problem management=0.78; Creativity=0.76; Personal confidence =0.64; and Risk acceptance =0.46. The corrected homogeneity indices for each of the item in the instrument were high (>0.40). The Confirmatory Factorial Analysis validated the proposed structure of the items according to dimension. Conclusion. The IME.Cat scale showed solid psychometric values for assessing the entrepreneurship competences of nursing students within its dimensions, which are fundamental for the professional development of nursing.

Objetivo. Desarrollar una escala válida y fiable para medir competencias emprendedoras para estudiantes de enfermería, evaluando el nivel de desarrollo en diversas dimensiones del emprendimiento. Métodos. Se construyó el Instrumento de Medición Emprendedora Cataluña (IME.Cat) adaptando dos instrumentos existentes y se llevó a cabo un estudio psicométrico que abordó la validez de contenido, de constructo y la fiabilidad. Se examinaron la consistencia interna y la capacidad de discriminación de los ítems del instrumento. Resultados. La escala IME.Cat mostró una alta fiabilidad (α=0.89) para el conjunto completo de 25 ítems. Los valores del α de Cronbach de las dimensiones individuales fueron: Manejo de problemas=0.78; Creatividad=0.76; Seguridad personal=0.64; y Aceptación del riesgo=0.46. Los índices de homogeneidad corregidos para cada ítem del instrumento fueron elevados (>0.40). El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio validó la estructura propuesta de ítems por dimensión. Conclusión. La escala IME.Cat mostró valores psicométricos sólidos para evaluar competencias emprendedoras en estudiantes de enfermería en sus dimensiones, las cuales son fundamentales en el desarrollo profesional de la enfermería.

Objetivo. Desenvolver uma escala válida e confiável para medir as competências empreendedoras dos alunos de enfermagem, avaliando o nível de desenvolvimento em várias dimensões do empreendedorismo. Métodos. O Instrumento de Medição de Empreendedorismo da Catalunha (IME.Cat) foi construído com a adaptação de dois instrumentos existentes, e um estudo psicométrico foi realizado para abordar a validade de conteúdo, a validade de construção e a confiabilidade. A consistência interna e a capacidade discriminatória dos itens do instrumento foram examinadas. Resultados. A escala IME.cat apresentou alta confiabilidade (α=0.89) para o conjunto completo de 25 itens. Os valores de α de Cronbach para as dimensões individuais foram: Tratamento de problemas=0.78; Criatividade=0.76; Segurança pessoal=0.64; e Aceitação de riscos=0.46. Os índices de homogeneidade corrigidos para cada item do instrumento foram altos (>0.40). A análise fatorial confirmatória validou a estrutura de itens proposta por dimensão. Conclusões. A escala IME.Cat apresentou bons valores psicométricos para avaliar as competências empreendedoras dos estudantes de enfermagem em suas dimensões, que são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento profissional da enfermagem.

Competências gerais, específicas e dificuldades para a atuação dos farmacêuticos como preceptores: revisão integrativa / General and specific competencies and difficulties for pharmacists to act as preceptors: an integrative review / Competencias generales y especificas y dificultades del farmacéutico para el trabajo como preceptor: una revisión integrativa

O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever e analisar as competências gerais, específicas e as dificuldades para a atuação dos farmacêuticos como preceptores. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, Web of Science, Embase e Scopus, utilizando artigos publicados sobre competências gerais e específicas dos preceptores farmacêuticos. A busca inicial identificou 355 artigos, dentre os quais 14 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Foram encontradas como principais competências gerais: habilidade de comunicação, conhecimento, resolução de problemas, desenvolvimento de pensamento crítico e profissionalismo; como específicas: feedbacks, relacionamento interpessoal, atividades baseadas nas necessidades dos alunos, planejamento, expectativa compartilhada e liderança; e foram vistas como principais dificuldades: necessidade de maior qualificação dos preceptores e falta de tempo para exercer as atividades da preceptoria. O conhecimento dessas competências e dificuldades pode contribuir para uma melhor força de trabalho na educação acadêmica e experiencial em farmácia

The present study aimed aimed at describing and analyzing the general and specific skills and difficulties for pharmacists to act as preceptors. To this end, a literature review was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus, for articles published on general and specific competencies of pharmaceutical preceptors. The initial search identified 355 articles and 14 using articles published met the inclusion criteria. The main general competencies were found to be: communication skills, knowledge, problem solving, development of critical thinking and professionalism; as specific: feedback, interpersonal relationships, activities based on student needs, planning, shared expectations and leadership; and the main difficulties were seen as: need for greater qualification of preceptors and lack of time to carry out preceptorship activities. Knowledge of these skills and difficulties can contribute to a better workforce in academic and experiential pharmacy education

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir y analizar las competencias generales y específicas y las dificultades para la actuación de los farmacéuticos como preceptores. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de literatura en las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed, Web of Science, Embase y Scopus, usando artículos publicados sobre competencias generales y específicas de los preceptores farmacéuticos. La búsqueda inicial identificó 355 artículos, dentro de los quales 14 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se encontraron como principales competencias generales: habilidad de comunicación, conocimiento, resolución de problemas, desarrollo de pensamiento crítico y profesionalismo; como específicas: retroalimentación, relaciones interpersonales, actividades basadas en las necesidades de los alumnos, planificación, expectativa compartida y liderazgo; y fueron vistas como principales dificultades: necesidad de más cualificación de los preceptores y falta de tiempo para ejercer las actividades de la preceptoría. El conocimiento de estas competencias y dificultades puede contribuir a una mejor fuerza laboral en la educación académica y experiencial en farmacia

Competencias transversales del tutor clínico especialista del cuidado en Enfermería en la apreciación del alumnado / Transversal competencies of the clinical tutor specializing in nursing care in the appreciation of students

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las competencias transversales de los tutores clínicos en el Programa Único de Especializaciones en Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, en términos de la apreciación de sus alumnos para identificar áreas de oportunidad con respecto de la formación, a través de la tutoría clínica. Material y Métodos: Este es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. La unidad de análisis es el alumno del posgrado de Enfermería. La tutoría clínica fue analizada con un instrumento validado por un panel de jueces expertos y que después fue ajustado usando un estudio piloto a través de la plataforma Google Forms. La muestra estuvo constituida por 448 alumnos cursando la especialización, vigentes y que estuvieran dispuestos a participar. Resultados: Las estadísticas descriptivas muestran las mayores frecuencias en la dimensión relacionada con la disciplina, y las menores frecuencias en la dimensión relacionada con la docencia clínica. En general, las dimensiones consideradas para la competencia transversal muestran debilidades que pudieran estar relacionadas con la atención a dificultades emocionales, la toma de decisiones en el sitio, y el manejo de los conflictos interpersonales, además de la planeación de la tutoría. Conclusiones: La tutoría clínica en la Enfermería de nivel posgrado es un pivote que fortalece las bases para abordar problemas clínicos, usar la evidencia científica y su expresión en el cuidado especializado. Las dimensiones consideradas para la competencia transversal muestran que, en el desarrollo de destrezas interpersonales y de comunicación, hay acciones estratégicas que pueden ser apuntaladas para promover la interacción con pacientes, las familias y otros profesionales de la salud dentro del contexto clínico.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the transversal competences of the clinical tutors in the Unique Program of Specializations in Nursing of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, in terms of the perceptions of its graduates to identify areas of opportunity regarding the formation through clinical tutoring. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive and transversal study. The unit of analysis is the graduate nursing student. Clinical tutoring was analyzed with an instrument which was validated by the panel of experts and which was adjusted after using a related pilot study with self-administered surveys through the Google platform. The sample was constituted by 448 graduates. Results: Descriptive statistics show the major frequencies in the discipline related dimension, and the minor frequencies in the clinical teaching related dimension. In general, the dimensions considered for transversal competency show weaknesses which can be related to the attention to emotional difficulties, the decision making at the site, and the management of interpersonal conflicts, besides the tutoring planning. Conclusion: Clinical tutoring in Graduate Nursing is a pivot which strengthens the bases to address clinical problems and use the scientific evidence and its expression in specialized care. The dimensions considered for transversal competency show that, in the development of interpersonal and communication skills, there are strategic actions which can be leveraged to promote the interaction with patients, families, and other health professionals within the clinical context.

Percepción sobre la formación en cuidados paliativos de los estudiantes de las especializaciones de Cirugía general en Colombia / Perception of palliative care training among students of General Surgery specializations in Colombia

Introducción. Los cuidados paliativos responden al sufrimiento de pacientes terminales y requieren personal entrenado para la intervención. Forman parte de la actividad en cirugía, sin embargo, no encontramos información sobre la educación de postgrado en cirugía en Colombia. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de conocimientos en cuidados paliativos, la calidad de la formación y las estrategias pedagógicas en los residentes. Métodos. Estudio observacional con recolección de la información autodiligenciada por medio electrónico. Resultados. Participaron 228 residentes, 7,8 % mencionaron asistir a rotación en cuidado paliativo y 66,6 % tener contacto con especialistas en cuidados paliativos. El 30,7 % no identificó una estrategia pedagógica clara. El 29,3 % tuvo alto nivel de conocimiento y 21,1 % adecuada calidad de formación. El 83,8 % tuvo un alto nivel en el manejo de obstrucción intestinal. No hubo asociación entre el nivel de conocimiento y las variables evaluadas (p>0,05). Conclusiones. Ni el aprendizaje recibido, ni el año de entrenamiento tuvieron efecto en el nivel percibido de conocimiento. Las competencias en cuidados paliativos, sus métodos y la calidad del aprendizaje son deficientes a nivel de postgrado en cirugía en Colombia. Probablemente está en un currículo oculto. Es necesario implementar estrategias pedagógicas en los currículos de estudios de los programas de formación de cirujanos.

Introduction. Palliative care responds to the suffering of terminal patients and requires trained personnel for intervention. They are part of the activity in surgery; however, we did not find information about postgraduate education in surgery in Colombia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge in palliative care, the quality of training and pedagogical strategies in residents. Methods. Observational study with self-completed information collection by electronic means. Results. A total of 228 residents participated, 7.8% mentioned a palliative care rotation and 66.6% mentioned having contact with palliative care specialists; 30.7% did not identify a clear pedagogical strategy; 29.3% had a high level of knowledge and 21.1% had adequate quality of training; 83.8% had a high level in the management of intestinal obstruction. There was no association between the level of knowledge and the variables evaluated (p>0.05). Conclusions. Neither the learning received nor the year of training had an effect on the perceived level of knowledge. Competencies in palliative care, its methods and the quality of learning are deficient at the postgraduate level in surgery in Colombia. It is probably on a hidden resume. It is necessary to implement pedagogical strategies in the study curricula of surgeon training programs.

Transformando la educación médica del siglo xxi: El rol de la educación médica basada en competencias / Transforming medical education in the 21st century: The role of competency-based medical education

RESUMEN Introducción: Con el panorama cambiante de la educación médica, es crucial examinar críticamente los enfoques y marcos existentes. La educación médica basada en competencias (EMBC) surge como un prometedor cambio de paradigma, que prioriza el desarrollo de habilidades, conocimientos y actitudes explícitas centrado en el alumno y orientado a los resultados. Objetivo: Identificar los ajustes estructurales y procedimentales esenciales necesarios para una implementación eficaz de la EMBC. Se subraya la importancia de reorganizar las instituciones educativas, adaptar las técnicas de instrucción y evaluación y fomentar la adopción de la EMBC en el aula. Resultados: Para impartir con eficacia la EMBC, es imperativo reestructurar las instituciones educativas para que se centren en planes de estudios basados en competencias y en la enseñanza personalizada. Asimismo, es necesario modificar las estrategias de enseñanza y evaluación para facilitar la evaluación continua y el aprendizaje activo. Conclusiones: Adoptar los principios de EMBC puede permitir que la educación médica produzca profesionales equipados con las habilidades necesarias para satisfacer las demandas dinámicas de la medicina moderna.

ABSTRACT Introduction: With the changing landscape of medical education, it is crucial to critically examine existing approaches and frameworks. competency-based medical education (CBME) emerges as a promising paradigm shift, which prioritizes learner-centered, outcome-oriented development of skills, knowledge, and attitudes. Objective: To identify the essential structural and procedural adjustments needed for effective implementation of CBME. It underscores the importance of reorganizing educational institutions, adapting instructional and assessment techniques, and fostering acceptance of CBME in the classroom. Results: To effectively deliver CBME, it is imperative to restructure educational institutions to focus on competency-based curricula and personalized instruction. Also, there is a need to modify teaching and assessment strategies to facilitate continuous assessment and active learning. Conclusions: Adopting CBME principles can enable medical education to produce professionals equipped with the skills necessary to meet the dynamic demands of modern medicine.

Confidence degree and skill development in undergraduate medical students using male urogenital training simulators / Avaliação do grau de confiança e desenvolvimento de competências em estudantes de graduação em medicina com o uso de simuladores de treinamento urogenital masculino

ABSTRACT Introduction: medical training should provide the future professional, in addition to theoretical knowledge, general and specific skills. In urology, urogenital training simulators have been presented as an ally in improving the degree of confidence and development of competencies for undergraduate medical students. Methods: exploratory descriptive research with a quantitative approach, of an experimental nature, of the randomized controlled type with cross-sectional cut. Conducted with the students of the 4th year of medicine of a Higher Education Institution in the West of Paraná. Results: 91 students attended a theoretical class with a complete explanation of the activities to be performed and answered the initial questionnaire about the degree of confidence to perform tasks in three stations with male urogenital training simulators (prostatic touch, bladder catheterization and scrotal evaluation). Of these, 45 received guidance and training with the simulators prior to the stations, while 46 should demonstrate skills directly in the three stations, mimicking patient care, only with information from the theoretical classes. The students who received previous guidance with the simulators had their scores in the development of competence higher. And, when they repeated the questionnaire about the degree of confidence to demonstrate skills with the mannequins, there was a higher degree of confidence in performing the tasks, except for the execution of a task considered more difficult. Conclusion: there was an improvement in the degree of confidence and in the development of competencies of undergraduate medical students with the orientations in the male urogenital training simulators.

RESUMO Introdução: a formação médica deve fornecer ao futuro profissional, além de conhecimentos teóricos, habilidades gerais e específicas. Na urologia, os simuladores de treinamento urogenital, têm se apresentado como aliado na melhora do grau de confiança e desenvolvimento de competências para estudantes de graduação em medicina. Métodos: pesquisa exploratória descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, de natureza experimental, do tipo randomizado controlado com recorte transversal. Realizada com os estudantes do 4º ano de medicina de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior no Oeste do Paraná. Resultados: 91 estudantes assistiram a uma aula teórica com explanação completa das atividades a serem realizadas, e responderam ao questionário inicial sobre o grau de confiança para executar tarefas em três estações com simuladores de treinamento urogenital masculino (toque prostático, cateterismo vesical e avaliação escrotal). Destes, 45 receberam orientações e treinamento junto aos simuladores previamente as estações, enquanto 46 deveriam demonstrar habilidades diretamente nas três estações, mimetizando o atendimento ao paciente, apenas com informações das aulas teóricas. Os estudantes que receberam orientação prévia junto aos simuladores, tiveram seus escores no desenvolvimento de competência mais elevados. E, ao repetirem o questionário sobre o grau de confiança para demonstrar habilidades junto aos manequins, houve maior grau de confiança em executar as tarefas, com exceção da execução de uma tarefa considerada mais difícil. Conclusão: houve melhora no grau de confiança e no desenvolvimento de competências dos estudantes de graduação em medicina com as orientações nos simuladores de treinamento urogenital masculino.

Desarrollo de la capacidad de comunicar riesgos relacionados con la exposición infantil a fluoruros, a través de una estrategia educativa en línea / Development of the capacity to communicate risks related to childhood exposure to fluorides through an online educational strategy / Capacitação para comunicar os riscos relacionados à exposição infantil a fluoretos por meio de uma estratégia educacional online

Resumen: Los fluoruros son contaminantes presentes con frecuencia y generalmente de forma natural en aguas subterráneas, y afectan a países que dependen de estas aguas para el riego y el consumo humano. La exposición crónica a fluoruros genera diversos efectos a la salud; por lo anterior, esta investigación se basó en la educación y la comunicación de riesgos para contribuir a la resolución del problema de exposición a fluoruros en la población. El objetivo fue desarrollar la capacidad de diseñar programas de comunicación de riesgos del personal involucrado en la respuesta y manejo de los riesgos ambientales para la salud, con énfasis en la exposición a fluoruros. Se diseñó e implementó un curso piloto de formación en línea sobre comunicación de riesgos y exposición a fluoruros. Para el análisis de la percepción de riesgos y conocimientos de los participantes, antes y después del curso, se aplicó un cuestionario y se llevó a cabo un grupo focal. Además, los asistentes realizaron una serie de actividades y diseñaron un programa de comunicación de riesgos con el que se valoró el grado en que se alcanzó la capacidad de desarrollar programas de comunicación de riesgos. Para mejorar el curso piloto se diseñaron y aplicaron dos encuestas de satisfacción y se realizó un análisis FODA (Fortalezas, Oportunidades, Debilidades, Amenazas). Los resultados mostraron un incremento en el nivel de conocimientos y cambios en la percepción de los participantes; en cuanto a la capacidad de diseñar programas de comunicación de riesgos, dos participantes lograron diseñarlo de manera excelente. La experiencia previa, la motivación, el compromiso para aprender y la retroalimentación brindada durante el curso, influyeron en el desarrollo de esta capacidad.

Abstract: Fluorides are contaminants that occur frequently and, generally, naturally in groundwater, affecting countries that depend on these waters for irrigation and human consumption. Chronic exposure to fluorides generates various health effects; therefore, this research was based on education and risk communication to contribute to the resolution of the problem of fluoride exposure in the population. The objective was to develop the capacity to design risk communication programs for personnel involved in the response and management of environmental health risks, with emphasis on fluoride exposure. An online pilot training course on risk communication and fluoride exposure was designed and implemented. For the analysis of the risk perception and knowledge of the participants, before and after the course, a questionnaire was applied and a focus group was conducted. In addition, the participants carried out a series of activities and designed a risk communication program to assess the degree to which the capacity to develop risk communication programs was achieved. To improve the pilot course, two satisfaction surveys were designed and implemented, and a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis was conducted. The results showed an increase in the level of knowledge and changes in the participants' perception; regarding the ability to design risk communication programs, two participants were able to design them excellently. Previous experience, motivation, commitment to learn and the feedback provided during the course influenced the development of this ability.

Resumo: Os fluoretos são contaminantes que ocorrem com frequência e, geralmente, de forma natural nas águas subterrâneas, afetando os países que dependem dessas águas para irrigação e consumo humano. A exposição crônica aos fluoretos gera vários efeitos à saúde; portanto, esta pesquisa baseou-se na educação e na comunicação de riscos para contribuir com a solução do problema da exposição ao fluoreto na população. O objetivo foi desenvolver a capacidade de elaborar programas de comunicação de risco para o pessoal envolvido na resposta e no gerenciamento de riscos ambientais à saúde, com ênfase na exposição à fluoretos. Foi elaborado e implementado um curso piloto de treinamento online sobre comunicação de riscos e exposição. Para a análise da percepção de risco e do conhecimento dos participantes antes e depois do curso, foi aplicado um questionário e aplicado um grupo de foco. Além disso, os participantes realizaram uma série de atividades e elaboraram um programa de comunicação de riscos para avaliar até que ponto a capacidade de desenvolver programas de comunicação de riscos foi alcançada. Para aprimorar o curso piloto, foram duas pesquisas de satisfação foram desenvolvidas e implementadas e uma análise FOFA (Forças, Oportunidades, Fraquezas e Ameaças) foi aplicada. Os resultados mostraram um aumento no nível de conhecimento e mudanças nas percepções dos participantes; em termos da capacidade de elaborar programas de comunicação de riscos, dois participantes conseguiram elaborar excelentes programas de comunicação de riscos. A experiência prévia, a motivação, o compromisso com o aprendizado e o feedback fornecido durante o curso influenciaram o desenvolvimento dessa capacidade.

Modelagem educacional com simulação para a consolidação de competência profissional na educação permanente / Educational modeling with simulation for the consolidation of professional competence in continuing education / Modelización educativa con simulación para la consolidación de la competencia profesional en la formación continua

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o desenvolvimento, aplicação e avaliação da tecnologia de modelagem educacional com simulação. Método: estudo metodológico desenvolvido em 2022, no sul do Brasil. Participaram líderes e residentes de enfermagem e medicina em duas fases (identificação das lacunas em segurança do paciente e definição de subtemas educacionais) e 10 etapas (objetivos da aprendizagem; fundamentação teórica; conhecimento do aprendiz; elaboração do cenário; avaliação e ajustes do cenário de simulação; treinamento dos atores e orientação aos observadores; desenvolvimento das cenas, observação e debriefing). Resultado: lacunas em segurança do paciente: desenvolver a comunicação entre a equipe interprofissional, entender a importância dos protocolos e da inserção do paciente no processo de cuidar. A tecnologia educacional com simulação foi avaliada como ferramenta que oportuniza replicar e contrapor à prática cotidiana com preceitos da segurança do paciente, e aprender. Conclusão: a replicabilidade da metodologia para diversos contextos e públicos constitui importante contribuição para a prática.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the development, application, and evaluation of educational modeling technology with simulation. Method: a methodological study carried out in 2022 in southern Brazil. Nursing and medical leaders and residents took part in two phases (identification of patient safety gaps and definition of educational sub-themes) and 10 stages (learning objectives; theoretical foundation; learner knowledge; scenario design; evaluation and adjustments to the simulation scenario; training of actors and guidance for observers; development of scenes; observation; and debriefing). Results: gaps in patient safety: developing communication between the interprofessional team, understanding the importance of protocols, and including the patient in the care process. Educational technology with simulation was evaluated as a tool that provides the opportunity to replicate and contrast everyday practice with patient safety precepts and to learn. Conclusion: The replicability of the methodology for different contexts and audiences is an important contribution to practice.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el desarrollo, la aplicación y la evaluación de la tecnología de modelado educativo con simulación. Método: estudio metodológico realizado en 2022 en el sur de Brasil. Líderes y residentes de enfermería y medicina participaron en dos fases (identificación de lagunas en la seguridad del paciente y definición de subtemas educativos) y 10 etapas (objetivos de aprendizaje; fundamentación teórica; conocimiento del alumno; diseño del escenario; evaluación y ajustes del escenario de simulación; formación de actores y orientación para observadores; desarrollo de escenas, observación y debriefing). Resultados: lagunas en la seguridad del paciente: desarrollar la comunicación entre el equipo interprofesional, comprender la importancia de los protocolos e implicar al paciente en el proceso asistencial. Se evaluó la tecnología educativa con simulación como herramienta que brinda la oportunidad de replicar y contrastar la práctica cotidiana con los preceptos de seguridad del paciente, y de aprender. Conclusión: la replicabilidad de la metodología en diferentes contextos y públicos es una importante contribución a la práctica.

Material didáctico para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa audio-oral en la educación médica de posgrado

Fundamento: El conocimiento del inglés como el idioma empleado globalmente en diversos sectores, se ha convertido, junto a las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, es una herramienta de formación, trabajo y entretenimiento indispensable; el dominio de este posibilita las relaciones de cooperación e intercambio de profesionales del sector de la salud en varios países. Objetivo: Diseñar un material didáctico para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa audio-oral en inglés en estudiantes de posgrado de la carrera de Medicina, mediante el empleo de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo con enfoque mixto en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín durante el período marzo-julio de 2022. Se asumió el método dialéctico materialista como concepción general de la investigación y se emplearon otros del nivel teórico: histórico-lógico, análisis y síntesis e inducción deducción, sistémico-estructural-funcional y revisión documental; empíricos: encuesta, entrevista y observación participativa. Resultados: Las principales dificultades estuvieron relacionadas con el insuficiente tratamiento de la competencia comunicativa audio-oral en inglés, se constató la importancia de la misma dentro del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del inglés, pues establece las pautas generales que se deben seguir para una comunicación efectiva y se instituye desde una mirada holística del acto comunicativo del profesional. Conclusiones: Los especialistas valoraron el material como adecuado por su estructura y factibilidad para su implementación. Después de su aplicación se evidenció su efectividad en la consolidación del aprendizaje en este nivel educacional a través de la preparación idiomática.

Background: Knowledge of English as the language used globally in various sectors, has increasingly become, together with information and communications technologies, an indispensable training, work and entertainment tool in the current era. Its domain enables cooperation relations and exchange of professionals in the health sector in various countries. Objective: To design a didactic material for the development of audio-oral communicative competence in English in postgraduate medical students, through the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Methods: A development research with a mixed approach was carried out at the Holguín University of Medical Sciences during the period March-July 2022. It was assumed the dialectical materialist method as the general conception of the research and others of the theoretical level: historical- logical, analysis and synthesis and induction deduction, systemic-structural-functional and documentary review; empirical: survey, interview and participatory observation. Results: The main difficulties were related to an insufficient treatment of audio-oral communicative competence in English, it was confirmed its importance within the teaching-learning process of English, since it establishes the general guidelines that must be followed for an effective communication. Moreover, it is instituted from a holistic view of the professional communicative act. Conclusions: The specialists assessed the material as adequate due to its structure and feasibility for its implementation. After its application, it was evidenced its effectiveness in consolidating learning in this educational level through language training.

Satisfaction level and correlation between performance and self-evaluation of physical therapy students in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) designed to assess clinical reasoning / Nivel de satisfacción y correlación entre el desempeño y la autoevaluación de los estudiantes de fisioterapia en una evaluación clínica objetiva estructurada (ECOE) diseñada para evaluar el razonamiento clínico

Abstract Introduction: The Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) is an instrument that allows evaluating clinical reasoning among physical therapy students, considering that knowing the correlation between their performance and their self-evaluation, as well as their level of satisfaction with this instrument, is essential. Objectives: To determine the correlation between performance and self-evaluation (perceived performance) of physical therapy students in an OSCE designed to assess clinical reasoning, and to evaluate their level of satisfaction with this instrument. Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted in 159 physical therapy students from a university in Chile who participated in an 11-station OSCE. Performance checklists and answer sheets were used for performance evaluation (passing score: 70% of the maximum score per station and in the OSCE). Two perception surveys were also used, one for self-evaluation of performance (for each station) and another to determine the students' level of satisfaction with the OSCE. The correlation between performance in the OSCE (overall score, score by station, and score by type of station) and perceived performance was determined using the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: The level of satisfaction with the OSCE was high in 57.23% of the students. The correlation between the total score in the OSCE and perceived performance was significant, but weak (Rho=0.31; p<0.001). In students with a low satisfaction level with the OSCE, the correlation between performance and perceived performance was not significant (Rho=0.15; p=0.23), while in those with high satisfaction level it was significant and moderate (Rho=0.48; p<0.001). Conclusions: Most students reported a high level of satisfaction with the OSCE. However, in most stations, the correlation between observed and perceived performance was weak and very weak.

Resumen Introducción. La Evaluación Clínica Objetiva Estructurada (ECOE) es un instrumento que permite evaluar el razonamiento clínico en estudiantes de fisioterapia, por lo que saber la correlación entre su desempeño y su autoevaluación, así como su nivel de satisfacción con esta herramienta, es esencial. Objetivos. Determinar la correlación entre el desempeño y la autoevaluación (desempeño percibido) de estudiantes de fisioterapia en una ECOE diseñada para evaluar el razonamiento clínico, y evaluar su nivel de satisfacción con esta herramienta. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal analítico realizado en 159 estudiantes de fisioterapia de una universidad de Chile que participaron en una ECOE de 11 estaciones. Se utilizaron listas de verificación de desempeño y hojas de respuesta para la evaluación del desempeño (nota aprobatoria: 70% de la nota máxima por estación y de la ECOE) y 2 encuestas de percepción, una para la autoevaluación del desempeño (para cada estación) y otra para determinar el nivel de satisfacción de los estudiantes con la ECOE. La correlación entre el desempeño en la ECOE (puntuación global, por estaciones y por tipo de estación) y el desempeño percibido (autoevaluación) se determinó mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados. El nivel de satisfacción con la ECOE fue alto en el 57.23% de los estudiantes. La correlación entre el puntaje total en la ECOE y el desempeño percibido fue significativa, pero débil (Rho=0.31; p<0.001). En estudiantes con nivel de satisfacción bajo, la correlación entre el desempeño y el desempeño percibido no fue significativa (Rho=0.15; p=0.23), mientras que en aquellos con un nivel de satisfacción alto fue significativa y moderada (Rho=0.48; p<0.001). Conclusiones. La mayoría de los estudiantes manifestaron tener un alto nivel de satisfacción con la ECOE. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de las estaciones la correlación entre el desempeño observado y el percibido fue débil y muy débil.

Educación en enfermería y cuidado de personas con condiciones crónicas: avances y desafíos / Nursing education and care for people with chronic conditions: advances and challenges

INTRODUCCIÓN: El escenario mundial actual de las enfermedades crónicas (EC) es preocupante. Representan el grueso de la carga de enfermedad, en una población envejecida y con alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo. Para mejorar los resultados de las personas con EC, una de las líneas de trabajo prioritarias es la incorporación del apoyo al automanejo, como parte del rol profesional de profesionales de la salud. La principal debilidad percibida hoy es la falta de formación teórico-práctica desde la formación de pregrado. OBJETIVO: evaluar la enseñanza acerca del cuidado en condiciones crónicas de salud, en la formación de pregrado de la Escuela de Enfermería. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio mixto que incluyó a) Análisis del plan de estudios de pregrado vigente 2) Exploración de la experiencia previa de la unidad en investigación y educación continua en cuidados crónicos; consulta con expertos, incluyendo miembros clínicos de equipos de salud que participan en la atención a crónicos. 3) Revisión de la literatura de modelos teóricos para los cuidados crónicos 4) Explorar, a través de las percepciones de los profesores, el grado de implementación de los cuidados de enfermería para las EC. RESULTADOS: Se detectó un bajo nivel de incorporación de la educación para el cuidado crónico en el currículum y ausencia de uso de conceptos claves relacionados con esto. Esto debe hacerse a lo largo de un proceso educativo que progresivamente aumenta el nivel de complejidad en la aplicación de los cuidados a las personas con EC y que se encuentra en implementación en un nuevo plan de estudio en ejecución desde el año 2022.

INTRODUCTION: The global current scenario in non-communicable diseases (NCD) is worrisome. In Chile these conditions represent the bulk of the disease burden, in an ageing population with a high prevalence of risk factors for NCDs. Thus, the training of health professionals in this field is paramount. PURPOSE: to share our experience at the school of nursing (SON) in designing and integrating chronic care and self-management support for people with chronic conditions in the undergraduate program. METHODOLOGY: a) Revision of the undergraduate curriculum 2) Exploring SON previous experience in research and continuing education in chronic care; consultation with experts including clinical members of health teams that participate in delivering chronic care. 3) Review of the literature to find theoretical models for chronic care 4) explore, through the lecturers' perceptions, the degree of implementation of nursing care for NCDs in clinical practice. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We found that there was a lack of incorporation of subjects and contents on chronic care in the curriculum and in clinical settings. It is important to incorporate chronic care and self-management support in nursing education at the theoretical and the clinical level. This should be done throughout an education process that increases progressively the level of complexity in the application of caring for people with NCDs. The SON will implement this approach in the new curricula starting on 2022.

Core Competencies Self-Assessment and Patient-Practitioner Orientation during the First Year of a Brazilian Orthopedic Residency.

Objective Training a competent physician requires to direct the resident profile of graduate students for practice activities. We sought to identify the doctor-patient relationship orientation and the self-assessment of the core competencies, which they pointed out needed to be developed. Methods All 56 orthopedic residents admitted between 2016 and 2019 participated in the present prospective observational study. The Patient Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) and a self-assessment questionnaire were answered at the beginning and end of the first year of residency (R1) in Orthopedics and Traumatology. We calculated mean and standard deviation for PPOS items and scores and analyzed them through the paired t-test. Self-Assessment Questionnaire answer options were "yes" or "I need to improve it" and skills were classified in decreasing order of the frequency of "I need to improve it" responses with description of absolute number and percentage. We compared frequencies using Fisher Test. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. GraphPad Prism 8.4.3 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA) and Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) were used for statistical analysis. Results In the period between the beginning and the end of R1, the total PPOS mean score significantly decreased from 4.63 to 4.50 ( p = 0.024), more biomedical-focused. Around one-third of the residents identified competencies of patient care, practice-based learning and improvement, and interpersonal and communication skills as needed to improve. Conclusions The PPOS and self-assessment activities could promote reflection practices and are possible tools for learner-centered competency assessment. Biomedical guidance tends to prevail as the training of physicians progresses, and periodic self-assessments can be worked on to build a growth mindset.

Competency-Based Cultural Safety Training in Medical Education at La Sabana University, Colombia: A Roadmap of Curricular Modernization.

Issue: Cultural safety enhances equitable communication between health care providers and cultural groups. Most documented cultural safety training initiatives focus on Indigenous populations from high-income countries, and nursing students, with little research activity reported from low- and middle-income countries. Several cultural safety training initiatives have been described, but a modern competency-based cultural safety curriculum is needed. Evidence: In this article, we present the Competency-Based Education and Entrustable Professional Activities frameworks of the Faculty of Medicine at La Sabana University in Colombia, and illustrate how this informed modernization of medical education. We describe our co-designed cultural safety training learning objectives and summarize how we explored its impact on medical education through mixed-methods research. Finally, we propose five cultural safety intended learning outcomes adapted to the updated curriculum, which is based on the Competency-Based Education model. Implications: This article presents five cultural safety intended learning outcomes for undergraduate medical education. These learning outcomes are based on Competency-Based Education and the Entrustable Professional Activities framework and can be used by faculties of medicine interested in including the cultural safety approach in their curriculum.

Core Competencies Self-Assessment and Patient-Practitioner Orientation during the First Year of a Brazilian Orthopedic Residency / Autoavaliação de competências fundamentais e orientação médico durante o primeiro ano de residência ortopédica brasileira

Abstract Objective Training a competent physician requires to direct the resident profile of graduate students for practice activities. We sought to identify the doctor-patient relationship orientation and the self-assessment of the core competencies, which they pointed out needed to be developed. Methods All 56 orthopedic residents admitted between 2016 and 2019 participated in the present prospective observational study. The Patient Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) and a self-assessment questionnaire were answered at the beginning and end of the first year of residency (R1) in Orthopedics and Traumatology. We calculated mean and standard deviation for PPOS items and scores and analyzed them through the paired t-test. Self-Assessment Questionnaire answer options were "yes" or "I need to improve it" and skills were classified in decreasing order of the frequency of "I need to improve it" responses with description of absolute number and percentage. We compared frequencies using Fisher Test. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. GraphPad Prism 8.4.3 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA) and Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) were used for statistical analysis. Results In the period between the beginning and the end of R1, the total PPOS mean score significantly decreased from 4.63 to 4.50 (p= 0.024), more biomedical-focused. Around one-third of the residents identified competencies of patient care, practice-based learning and improvement, and interpersonal and communication skills as needed to improve. Conclusions The PPOS and self-assessment activities could promote reflection practices and are possible tools for learner-centered competency assessment. Biomedical guidance tends to prevail as the training of physicians progresses, and periodic self-assessments can be worked on to build a growth mindset.

Resumo Objetivo A formação de um médico competente requer direcionar o perfil de pós-graduação residente para atividades práticas. Buscou-se identificar a orientação de relacionamento médico-paciente e a autoavaliação das competências fundamentais que eles apontaram que precisavam ser desenvolvidas. Métodos Todos os 56 residentes em ortopedia admitidos entre 2016 e 2019 participaram do presente estudo observacional prospectivo. A Escala de Orientação Médico-Paciente (Patient Practitioner Orientation Scale [PPOS, na sigla em inglês]) e um questionário de autoavaliação foram respondidos no início e no final do primeiro ano de residência (R1) em Ortopedia e Traumatologia. Calculamos o desvio médio e padrão para itens e pontuações de PPOS e os analisamos através do teste t emparelhado. As opções de resposta do Questionário de Autoavaliação foram "sim" ou "preciso melhorar" e as habilidades foram classificadas na ordem decrescente da frequência das respostas "preciso melhorar" com descrição de número absoluto e percentual. Comparamos frequências usando o teste de Fisher. Consideramos significativos valores-p < 0,05. Os programas GraphPad Prism 8.4.3 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, EUA) e Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, EUA) foram utilizados para análise estatística. Resultados No período entre o início e o final do R1, a média total de PPOS diminuiu significativamente, de 4,63 para 4,50 (p= 0,024), mais focada em biomédica. Cerca de um terço dos residentes identificou competências do cuidado ao paciente, aprendizagem e melhoria baseadas na prática e habilidades interpessoais e de comunicação, como necessitando melhorar. Conclusões As atividades de PPOS e autoavaliação podem promover práticas de reflexão e são possíveis ferramentas para avaliação de competência centrada no aluno. A orientação biomédica tende a prevalecer à medida que a formação dos médicos progride e as autoavaliações periódicas podem ser trabalhadas para construir uma mentalidade de crescimento.