Selamento dentinário imediato em restauração semidireta: relato de caso / Immediate dentin sealing in semi-direct restoration: case report

O selamento dentinário imediato é um procedimento essencial na Odontologia, que envolve a aplicação de agentes de selamento na interface entre a dentina e o material restaurador imediatamente após a remoção da cárie e do preparo da cavidade dentária. Este processo busca selar os túbulos dentinários expostos, proporcionando proteção à polpa dentária. O presente caso foi realizado em um paciente do sexo masculino, 56 anos que se queixou de desconforto no elemento dentário 17. Após avaliação clínica e radiográfica, foi constatado uma ampla restauração desadaptada na porção mesio - oclusal do referido dente, sendo que o elemento em questão não possui tratamento endodôntico. Após planejamento e assinatura do TCLE, os seguintes passos foram realizados: remoção da lesão cariosa do dente 17, seguido da realização do levantamento marginal mesial e a realização do selamento dentinário imediato. Moldagem com silicone de adição do dente em questão e do antagonista, assim como registro da mordida. Foi confeccionada uma restauração semidireta em resina composta sob o modelo de gesso obtido. A cimentação da restauração foi feita na consulta seguinte, cumprindo os requisitos fundamentais para restaurar forma, função e estética, resultando na melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente(AU)

Immediate dentin sealing is an essential procedure in dentistry, involving the application of sealing agents at the interface between dentin and the restorative material immediately after caries removal and cavity preparation. This process aims to seal exposed dentinal tubules, providing protection to the dental pulp. The present case involved a 56-year-old male patient who complained of discomfort in tooth number 17. After clinical and radiographic evaluation, a wide, maladapted restoration in the mesio-occlusal portion of the tooth was identified, with no endodontic treatment in the affected element. Following planning and informed consent, the following steps were taken: removal of the carious lesion from tooth number 17, followed by the execution of mesial marginal elevation and immediate dentin sealing. Silicone addition molding of the affected tooth and antagonist, along with bite registration, was performed. A semi-direct restoration in composite resin was fabricated based on the obtained gypsum model. The restoration was cemented in the subsequent appointment, meeting the essential requirements to restore form, function, and aesthetics, resulting in an improvement in the patient's quality of life(AU)

Restauração indireta em resina composta: um relato de prontuário / Indirect resin composite restoration: a dental record report

Restaurações diretas em resina composta são amplamente utilizadas em odontologia para restaurar dentes posteriores. Todavia, quando há grande destruição coronária, onde a distância do istmo excede dois terços da distância intercuspídea, as restaurações indiretas em resina composta são indicadas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo relatar a análise de um prontuário de um paciente que recebeu uma restauração indireta em resina composta em dente posterior amplamente destruído. Através da análise de prontuários de pacientes atendidos nas disciplinas de Estágios Supervisionados do Curso de Odontologia da FSG Centro Universitário no ano de 2023, foi selecionado um prontuário de um paciente que compareceu a clínica odontológica da FSG com uma restauração em amálgama fraturada com reparo em resina composta que apresentou sintomatologia dolorosa. O procedimento diagnóstico ocorreu através de exame clínico e radiográfico, que constatou a indicação de substituição da restauração insatisfatória e realização de uma restauração indireta em resina composta. Os resultados estéticos e funcionais apresentados demostraram a viabilidade da técnica restauradora indireta em resina composta para reabilitar dentes posteriores com ampla destruição coronária(AU)

Direct composite resin restoration are widely used in dentistry to restore posterior teeth. However, when there is large coronary destruction, that the distance from the isthmus exceeds two- thirds of the intercuspal distance, indirect composite resin restorations are indicated. This study aimed to report the analysis of a dental record of a patient who received an indirect restoration in composite resin in a badly destroyed posterior tooth. Through the analysis of dental records of patients seen in the disciplines of Supervised Internship of the Dentistry Course at FSG Centro Universitário in the year 2023, the dental record of a patient who attended the FSG dental clinic with fractured amalgam restoration with composite resin repair was selected who had painful symptoms. The diagnostic procedure took place through clinical and radiographic examination, which revealed the indication of replacing the unsatisfactory restoration and carrying out an indirect restoration in composite resin.The aesthetic and functional results presented demonstrated the viability of the indirect composite resin restoration technique for rehabilitating posterior teeth with extensive coronal destruction(AU)

Restauração em resina composta semidireta em dente posterior: relato de caso / Semi-direct composite restoration in posterior toth: a case report

A escolha da técnica restauradora desempenha papel fundamental na eficácia e duração de um tratamento reabilitador. O objetivo deste relato de caso foi descrever a utilização da técnica semidireta para a confecção de uma restauração em resina composta em um primeiro molar inferior. A paciente apresentava uma restauração insatisfatória no dente 36, que necessitava ser substituída devido à infiltração por cárie. Optou-se pela técnica semidireta devido à amplitude da cavidade, que envolvia estruturas de suporte, e pela combinação das vantagens das abordagens direta e indireta. O procedimento envolveu a remoção de tecido cariado, a aplicação de hidróxido de cálcio pasta, seguida da aplicação de uma fina camada de ionômero de vidro e, posteriormente, resina fluída para realizar o selamento dentinário. O preparo foi realizado seguindo os princípios necessários. O elemento em questão foi moldado com silicone de adição e o arco antagonista, com alginato. Ambos modelos foram vertidos com silicone para modelos semirrígidos e montados em oclusor de peças de brinquedo. A restauração semidireta foi confeccionada em resina composta Filtek Z350 XT, respeitando a anatomia do dente 36. Pigmentos foram utilizados para aprimorar detalhes estéticos. Após acabamento e polimento, a peça foi condicionada e cimentada com cimento dual Relyx Ultimate. Pode-se concluir que a abordagem restauradora por meio da técnica semidireta construída em modelo semirrígido é uma opção terapêutica conservadora e vantajosa para dentes com extensa destruição coronária. Essa técnica possibilita a restauração de forma eficaz, garantindo tanto a estética quanto a função adequada do dente afetado(AU)

The choice of restorative technique plays a fundamental role in the effectiveness and duration of rehabilitation treatment. The objective of this case report was to describe the use of the semi-direct technique to create a composite resin restoration in a lower first molar. The patient had an unsatisfactory restoration on tooth 36, which needed to be replaced due to cavity infiltration. The semi-direct technique was chosen due to the amplitude of the cavity, which involved support structures, and the combination of advantages of the direct and indirect approaches. The procedure involved the removal of carious tissue, and the application of calcium hydroxide paste, followed by the application of a thin layer of glass ionomer and, subsequently, fluid resin to seal the dentin. The preparation was carried out following the necessary principles. The element in question was molded with addition silicone and the antagonist arch was molded with alginate. Both models were poured with silicone for semi-rigid models and mounted on toy parts occluders. The semi-direct restoration was made in Filtek Z350 XT composite resin, respecting the anatomy of tooth 36. Pigments were used to improve aesthetic details. After finishing and polishing, the piece was conditioned and cemented with Relyx Ultimate dual cement. It can be concluded that the restorative approach using the semi-direct technique built on a semi-rigid model is a conservative and advantageous therapeutic option for teeth with extensive coronal destruction. This technique allows for effective restoration, ensuring both the aesthetics and adequate function of the affected tooth(AU)

A comparative evaluation of the effect of eugenol exposure time on the bond strength of an etch-and-rinse and a self-etch adhesive to dentin: An in vitro study.

Aim: The study aimed to comparatively evaluate the effect of eugenol exposure time on the micro-shear bond strength (µ-SBS) of etch-and-rinse and a self-etch adhesive to dentin. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twelve teeth samples were prepared from bisectioning 56 freshly extracted human mandibular molars and were randomly divided into 14 subgroups of 8 samples each (n = 8). Three subgroups containing eugenol and a noneugenol-based restorative material were placed on the dentin surface and left for 24 h, 7 days, and 14 days, respectively, and were compared to a control. Two bonding systems were evaluated: one being etch-and-rinse and the other self-etch adhesive. The µ-SBS were calculated and expressed in MPa. Statistical Analysis: The data were analyzed using mixed model analysis of variance. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in the µ-SBS values when the self-etch adhesive was used, after the removal of eugenol-containing cement placed for 24 h. However, the reduction in the µ-SBS values after 7 days or 14 days was not significant. Conclusion: Exposure to eugenol containing temporary cement for 24 h significantly reduces the µ-SBS of self-etching adhesives to dentin. However, exposure for 1 week or more has minimal effects.

Development of multifunctional chitosan-based composite film loaded with tea polyphenol nanoparticles for strawberry preservation.

Incorporating polysaccharide-based composite films with nanobiotechnology offers a new strategy for food preservation. This study initially focuses on the preparation of tea polyphenol nanoparticles (TPNP), novel and derived from natural antibacterial agents, which serve to improve stability. Afterwards chitosan-based composite films loaded with TPNP (CTN film) were developed using solution casting method. The incorporation of TPNP significantly improved the UV/water/oxygen barrier properties, mechanical properties and thermal stability, alongside notable physical properties including water contact angle (93.65 ±â€¯0.04°), low water vapor permeability (33.72 ±â€¯3.32 g/m2h) and oxygen permeability (0.11 ±â€¯0.02 g/m2h), tensile strength (61.83 ±â€¯0.70 %), and elongation at break (31.60 ±â€¯6.12 %). The CTN film not only exhibited exceptional biodegradability and nontoxicity, but also demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, it showcased potent antioxidant activity, boasting DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rates up to 89.25 ±â€¯0.18 % and 93.84 ±â€¯0.42 %. The CTN film was successfully formed on the surface of strawberries through dip-coating process and their shelf life was extended from 4 to 6 days at 20 °C without side-effect on the weight loss, harness, pH and total soluble solids, illustrating its potential for enhancing food preservation.

Molecular dynamics study on the thermal properties of DGEBA/DETA/Ag/SWCNT-Ag composite materials.

CONTEXT: Traditional conductive adhesives based on epoxy resin system often encounter problems such as high brittleness and low heat resistance. Therefore, it is particularly important to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of the conductive adhesive. In this study, the effects of SWCNT-Ag and SWCNT fillers on the thermal properties of DGEBA/DETA/Ag conductive adhesive system were studied by using molecular dynamics to construct different cross-linking models. The final results show that the addition of SWCNT and SWCNT-Ag can significantly improve the thermal properties of the conductive adhesive. However, the nanosilver particles on the surface of SWCNT-Ag act as a bridge for the connection between SWCNT and Ag in the conductive adhesive. Therefore, SWCNT-Ag has a more positive impact on the thermal properties of DGEBA/DETA/Ag conductive adhesive system. METHODS: In this paper, the influence of SWCNT-Ag on the thermal properties of traditional DGEBA/DETA/Ag conductive adhesive system was studied by using Materials Studio software. The volume shrinkage, glass transition temperature, thermal expansion coefficient, and thermal conductivity of the material were calculated based on COMPASS force field. The thermal conductivity is calculated by using reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method. Finally, it is found that SWCNT-Ag has a positive effect on the thermal properties of the conductive adhesive system by comparing several groups of calculation data.

Association between the composite dietary antioxidant index and the prevalence and recurrence of kidney stones: results of a nationwide survey.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and the prevalence and recurrence of kidney stones. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 2007 and 2014 were used in this cross-sectional analysis. The CDAI was derived by standardizing the intake of dietary antioxidants from 24 h dietary recalls. The study assessed the prevalence and recurrence of kidney stones based on questionnaire responses. The association between the CDAI and both the prevalence and recurrence of kidney stones was investigated using multivariable logistic regression. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests further evaluated the robustness of this relationship. Results: The study included 20,743 participants, and the reported incidence and recurrence rates of kidney stones were 9.09 and 2.90%, respectively. After stratifying the CDAI into tertiles, an inverse trend was observed in both kidney stones' prevalence and recurrence probabilities with increasing CDAI levels. Adjusting for confounding factors, individuals in the top tertile had a 23% lower prevalence of kidney stones (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.90, p = 0.0011) and a 39% lower recurrence rate (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.80, p = 0.0003) than those in the bottom tertile. In addition, interaction tests showed that age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes did not significantly affect the relationship between CDAI levels and kidney stone prevalence and recurrence rates. Conclusion: Our study suggests that increased levels of CDAI are associated with reduced incidence and recurrence rates of kidney stones. Therefore, increasing the intake of dietary antioxidants may be an effective strategy for preventing kidney stones and their recurrence.

Composite additives regulate physicochemical and microbiological properties in green waste composting: A comparative study of single-period and multi-period addition modes.

Composting additives can significantly enhance green waste (GW) composting. However, their effectiveness is limited due to the short action duration of a single-period addition. Therefore, this study proposes that multi-period additive modes to prolong the action duration, expedite lignocellulose degradation, reduce composting time, and enhance product quality. This study conducted six treatments (T1-T6), introducing a compound additive (BLP) during the mesophilic (MP) and cooling periods (CP). Each treatment consistently maintained 25% total BLP addition of GW dry weight, with variations only in the BLP distribution in different periods. The composition of BLP consists of Wbiochar: Wlactic acid: Wpond sediment in a ratio of 10:1:40. Specifically, T1 added 25% BLP in CP, T2 added 5% in MP and 20% in CP, T3 added 10% in MP and 15% in CP, T4 added 15% in MP and 10% in CP, T5 added 20% in MP and 5% in CP, and T6 added 25% in MP. In this study, composting temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, total porosity, the contents of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and nutrient, scanning electron microscopy images, germination index, and the successions of different bacteria and fungi at the phylum and genus levels were detailed. Results showed T4 achieved two thermophilic periods and matured in just 25 days. T4 enhanced lignocellulose degradation rates (lignin: 16-53%, cellulose: 14-23%, hemicellulose: 9-48%) and improved nutrient content. The above results, combined with correlation analysis and structural equation model, indicated that T4 may promote the development of dominant bacteria (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes) by regulating compost physicochemical properties and facilitate the growth of dominant fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) by modulating nutrient supply capacity. This ultimately leads to a microbial community structure more conducive to lignocellulose degradation and nutrient preservation. In summary, this study reveals the comprehensive effects of single-period and multi-period addition methods on GW composting, providing a valuable basis for optimizing the use of additives and enhancing the efficiency and quality of GW composting.

Innovative reinforcement method for metal foam cell wall using CNTs.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their composites are gaining popularity due to their exceptional strength qualities. It is well known that adding carbon nanotubes to metal foam composites boosts compressive strength. On the other hand CNT addition is still a costly process due to high cost of the CNTs. This study presents a novel and cost-effective solution by selectively adding CNTs to the structurally weakest regions of aluminum foam materials produced via powder metallurgy, employing a newly developed focused multi-step additive method. The cell borders of aluminum foam are strengthened with multiple spherical layers of CNTs, using a transfer method by initially coating the space holders used at the foaming process. The strength increase effect of this CNT addition method was compared with the widely known aluminum foam production parameters via a 4-parameter design of experiment (DOE) study. Compressive strength values of the samples were evaluated using a constant speed compression test acc. to ISO13314. The compacting pressure, CNT concentration, sintering temperature, and sintering period were chosen as design of experiment parameters, and 78% of the interactions effecting on final compressive strength could be explained with the model. As a result, it was established that, compared to the other parameters, sintering duration had the highest influence on compressive strength. But besides It has also been shown that adding 0.53% CNT by weight only to the cell border regions increases overall strength by 9%. This weight-strength increase ratio is compared with similar studies in the literature and found to be providing a production cost advantage due to the lower amount of CNT addition requirement for the comparable weight relative strength increase. Focused strength increase method has potential to enable controlled failure of foam materials by selectively strengthening strength critical areas of a component.

Utilization of peanut hull hydrochar /beta cyclodextrin/Fe3O4 magnetic composite for lead ion removal from water solution.

This study involves synthesizing peanut hull hydrochar (PHH) and a PHH/ß-CD/Fe3O4 magnetic composite through hydrothermal and chemical precipitation methods, respectively, to use as effective adsorbents for Pb2+ removal. Vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses revealed that the magnetic saturation value and specific active surface area of PHH/ß-CD/Fe3O4 are 31.543 emu/g and 32.123 m2/g, respectively. The impact of key variables on adsorption efficiency was evaluated using the response surface method - central composite design. ANOVA results (F-value: 166.22 and p-value: <0.05) demonstrated that the model effectively assesses the interaction of variables in the adsorption process. Additionally, R2, Adjusted R2, and Predicted R2 values were 0.999, 0.986, and 0.975, respectively, indicating the model's high adequacy in describing response changes. The maximum efficiency for Pb2+ adsorption was found to be 95.35% using PHH and 99.73% with the PHH/ß-CD/Fe3O4 magnetic composite. These measurements were taken at a temperature of 25°C, an adsorbent dose of 1 g/L, a pH of 6, and a Pb2+ concentration of 5 mg/L, with respective contact times of 130 minutes and 50 minutes. Thermodynamic analysis revealed negative enthalpy and Gibbs free energy values, indicating that the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous. The negative entropy parameter suggests a reduction in random interactions during the process. The Pb2+ adsorption data for both PHH (R2: 0.982) and PHH/ß-CD/Fe3O4 (R2: 0.985) were best described by the Pseudo 2nd order kinetic model. Equilibrium data followed the Freundlich model, with R2 values of 0.981 for PHH and 0.990 for PHH/ß-CD/Fe3O4, highlighting the importance of heterogeneous surfaces in the removal process. The maximum adsorption capacities for Pb2+ were 26.72 mg/g for PHH and 33.88 mg/g for PHH/ß-CD/Fe3O4. Reuse and stability tests confirmed the structural stability and reusability of the adsorbents. Therefore, the PHH/ß-CD/Fe3O4 magnetic composite is a promising option for removing Pb2+ from aqueous solutions.

An Innovative Surface Modification Technique for Antifouling Polyamide Nanofiltration Membranes.

In this study, we developed a novel surface coating technique to modify the surface chemistry of thin film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membranes, aiming to mitigate organic fouling while maintaining the membrane's permselectivity. We formed a spot-like polyester (PE) coating on top of a polyamide (PA) TFC membrane using mist-based interfacial polymerization. This process involved exposing the membrane surface to tiny droplets carrying different concentrations of sulfonated kraft lignin (SKL, 3, 5, and 7 wt %) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC, 0.2 wt %). The main advantages of this surface coating technique are minimal solvent consumption (less than 0.05 mL/cm2) and precise control over interfacial polymerization. Zeta potential measurements of the coated membranes exhibited enhancements in negative charge compared to the control membrane. This enhancement is attributed to the unreacted carboxyl functional groups of the SKL and TMC monomers, as well as the presence of sulfonate groups (SO3) in the structure of SKL. AFM results showed a notable decrease in membrane surface roughness after polyester coating due to the slower diffusion of SKL to the interface and a milder reaction with TMC. In terms of fouling resistance, the membrane coated with a polyester composed of 7 wt % SKL showed a 90% flux recovery ratio (FRR) during Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) filtration, showing a 15% improvement compared to the control membrane (PA). PE-coated membranes provided stable separation performance over 40 h of filtration. The sodium chloride rejection and water flux displayed minimal variations, indicating the robustness of the coating layer. The final section of the presented study focuses on assessing the feasibility of scaling up and the cost-effectiveness of the proposed technique. The demonstrated ease of scalability and a notable reduction in chemical consumption establish this method as a viable, environmentally friendly, and sustainable solution for surface modification.

Electromagnetic porous lignocellulosic matrix composites: A green electromagnetic shielding material with high absorption efficient electromagnetic interference.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials play a vital role in human society, especially in light of the rapid development of electronic communication equipment. Therefore, it is urgent to develop green, high-efficiency EMI shielding materials. Wood, as a renewable raw material, possesses significant structural advantages in studying EMI materials due to its unique 3D pore structure. Herein, we report magnetoelectric lignocellulosic matrix composites derived from the delignified wood for efficient EMI shielding. The composite was fabricated by in-situ polymerization of PEDOT conductive coating and magnetic Fe3O4 in delignified wood. The conductive 3D pore structure of Fe3O4/PEDOT@wood could effectively cause dielectric loss and multiple internal reflections. Combined with the magnetic loss of Fe3O4, the material exhibited excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (SE), which could be attributed to the synergistic effect of dielectric and magnetic losses. The Fe3O4/PEDOT@wood showed excellent conductivity (103 S/m), good magnetism (26.7 emu/g), the EMI SE up to 59.8 dB, and high SEA/SET ratios of~84.2 % to 95.7 % at 2 mm in X -band. Moreover, the material exhibited a high compressive strength and tensile strength of 100.8 MPa and 18.1 MPa, respectively. Therefore, this work provided a reference for the preparation of high-efficiency EMI shielding materials.

Reconstruction of Palatal Defects Using a Composite Chondromucosal Nasoseptal Flap and Comparative Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The use of composite chondromucosal nasal septal flaps (ccNSF) has been demonstrated to be effective in cadaveric studies for the anterior skull base and the orbit. However, their application in the clinical setting remains unexplored. Our study aims to introduce a new method for treating palatal defects using ccNSF. Additionally, we studied the average NSF area and compared it to the average palate area. METHODS: We collected 108 CT scans from the medical records of patients without head and neck pathologies from a tertiary medical institution. We quantified the quadrangular (septal) cartilage and palate areas. Furthermore, we included a clinical case in which we used the ccNSF for the palatal defect reconstruction. This was to compare the mean area between the palate and the septal cartilage. RESULTS: The ccNSF covered the palatal defect without any significant complications for the first 9 months of follow-up. A total of 102 CT scans met the inclusion criteria and were measured. We found that the mean quadrangular cartilage had a length of 2.50 (±0.52) cm, a width of 2.28 (±0.51) cm, and an area of 5.43 (±1.68) cm2. The mean palate length was 2.73 (±0.44) cm, with a width of 3.13 (±0.34) cm, and area of 7.87 (±1.43) cm2. CONCLUSIONS: The ccNSF proved successful in palatal defect reconstruction, resulting in positive outcomes and no major complications until the 9-month follow-up. The ccNSF is a useful flap that avoids the use of free flap transfer and its associated morbidities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2024.

Effect of Different Adhesive Resin and Composite Veneering Materials on Adhesion to Polyetheretherketone.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of different adhesives and veneering resins on the shear bond strength (SBS) of polyetheretherketone (PEEK). METHODS: A total of 138 PEEK specimens were randomly divided into 6 groups according to adhesive material application: Control (C, no application), Adhese Universal (A) (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Gluma Bond Universal (G) (Heraeus Kulzer, South Bend, IN, USA), G-PremioBOND (P) (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), Single Bond Universal (S) (3M, Saint Paul, MN, USA) and visio.link (V) (Bredent, Senden, Germany). Each adhesive group was divided into two subgroups according to the type of veneering material: Estenia direct composite (D) and Gradia Plus indirect composite (IN) (both GC Corporation). After the veneering process, the specimens were aged by thermal cycling. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for SBS analysis (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The highest SBS results were obtained in the VIN group, followed by the VD, PD, GIN, AIN, AD, SIN, SD, PIN, GD, CIN and CD groups, respectively (P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in terms of the type of veneering composite when the same adhesive was applied (P > 0.05), except for Gluma Bond Universal (P = 0.009). All the adhesives tested showed clinically acceptable SBS results. CONCLUSION: Visio.link offered the highest adhesion to PEEK, whereas the tested universal adhesives may be used as an alternative to visio.link in clinical settings. It was determined that changing the veneer type has no statistical difference when the same adhesive material is used.

The heterogeneity of holistic processing profiles in developmental prosopagnosia: holistic processing is impaired but not absent.

Although it is generally assumed that face recognition relies on holistic processing, whether face recognition deficits observed in Developmental Prosopagnosics (DPs) can be explained by impaired holistic processing is currently under debate. The mixed findings from past studies could be the consequence of DP's heterogeneous deficit nature and the use of different measures of holistic processing-the inversion, part-whole, and composite tasks-which showed a poor association among each other. The present study aimed to gain further insight into the role of holistic processing in DPs. Groups of DPs and neurotypicals completed three tests measuring holistic face processing and non-face objects (i.e., Navon task). At a group level, DPs showed (1) diminished, but not absent, inversion and part-whole effects, (2) comparable magnitudes of the composite face effect and (3) global precedence effect in the Navon task. However, single-case analyses showed that these holistic processing deficits in DPs are heterogeneous.

Cryogel with Modular and Clickable Building Blocks: Toward the Ultimate Ideal Macroporous Medium for Bacterial Separation.

The lack of practical platforms for bacterial separation remains a hindrance to the detection of bacteria in complex samples. Herein, a composite cryogel was synthesized by using clickable building blocks and boronic acid for bacterial separation. Macroporous cryogels were synthesized by cryo-gelation polymerization using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and allyl glycidyl ether. The interconnected macroporous architecture enabled high interfering substance tolerance. Nanohybrid nanoparticles were prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and immobilized onto cryogel by click reaction. Alkyne-tagged boronic acid was conjugated to the composite for specific bacteria binding. The physical and chemical characteristics of the composite cryogel were analyzed systematically. Benefitting from the synergistic, multiple binding sites provided by the silica-assisted polymer, the composite cryogel exhibited excellent affinity toward S. aureus and Salmonella spp. with capacities of 91.6 × 107 CFU/g and 241.3 × 107 CFU/g in 0.01 M PBS (pH 8.0), respectively. Bacterial binding can be tuned by variations in pH and temperature and the addition of monosaccharides. The composite was employed to separate S. aureus and Salmonella spp. from spiked tap water, 40% cow milk, and sea cucumber enzymatic hydrolysate, which resulted in high bacteria separation and demonstrated remarkable potential in bacteria separation from food samples.

Spatioselective Occlusion of Copolymer Nanoparticles within Calcite Crystals Generates Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials with Controlled Internal Structures.

Efficient occlusion of particulate additives into a single crystal has garnered an ever-increasing attention in materials science because it offers a counter-intuitive yet powerful platform to make crystalline nanocomposite materials with emerging properties. However, precisely controlling the spatial distribution of the guest additives within a host crystal remains highly challenging. We herein demonstrate a unique, straightforward method to engineer the spatial distribution of copolymer nanoparticles within calcite (CaCO3) single crystals by judiciously adjusting initial [Ca2+] concentration used for the calcite precipitation. More specifically, polymerization-induced self-assembly is employed to synthesize well-defined and highly anionic poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium)41-block-poly(benzyl methacrylate)500 [PSPMA41-PBzMA500] diblock copolymer nanoparticles, which are subsequently used as model additives during the growth of calcite crystals. Impressively, such guest nanoparticles are preferentially occluded into specific regions of calcite depending on the initial [Ca2+] concentration. These unprecedented phenomena are most probably caused by dynamic change in electrostatic interaction between Ca2+ ions and PSPMA41 chains based on systematic investigations. This study not only showcases a significant advancement in controlling the spatial distribution of guest nanoparticles within host crystals, enabling the internal structure of composite crystals to be rationally tailored via a spatioselective occlusion strategy, but also provides new insights into biomineralization.

Quasi-Solid-State Na-O2 Battery with Composite Polymer Electrolyte.

Na-O2 batteries have emerged as promising candidates due to their high theoretical energy density (1,601 Wh kg-1), the potential for high energy storage efficiency, and the abundance of sodium in the earth's crust. Considering the safety issue, quasi-solid-state composite polymer electrolytes are among the promising solid-state electrolyte candidates. Their higher mechanical toughness provides superior resistance to dendritic penetration compared with traditional liquid electrolytes. The flexibility of the composite polymer electrolyte matrix allows it to conform to various battery configurations and considerably reduces safety concerns related to the combustion risks associated with conventional liquid electrolytes. In this study, we employed poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) as the polymer matrix and sodium ion-conducting agent, respectively. We incorporated nanosized NZSP (25 wt %) to create the composite polymer electrolyte membrane. This CPE design facilitates ion conduction pathways through both sodium salt and NZSP. By utilizing a liquid electrolyte infiltration method, we successfully enhanced its ionic conductivity, achieving an ionic conductivity of 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature.

High-flux ultrasonic processing for lithium separation using ionic liquid impregnated composite membranes.

Battery industry, one of the most crucial components of the modern world, relies heavily on lithium production, and brines from the spent battery materials is one of the most important sources to exploit lithium. A new ultrasonic assisted membrane processing is proposed for lithium separation simulated brine. The effects of membrane composition, feed concentration, and ultrasonic conditions on the lithium extraction efficiency have been explored. The composite membrane including polysulfone (PSF) as the support and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and tributyl phosphate as ionic liquid membrane. A porous PVC membrane has been used for prevention of the ILM loss. The optimal ultrasonic frequency is approximately 250 kHz, which matches the bulk modulus of the membrane and enhances the separation efficiency. Higher frequencies and optimized amplitude and pulse cycle settings further improve the lithium flux and selectivity. Moreover, higher flux and selectivity are achieved when separating lithium from alkali metal chlorides at higher feed concentrations, ranging from 250 ppm to 1000 ppm. The mechanism of enhanced lithium extraction by ultrasonics is attributed to the combination of microbubble formation, cavitation, and heat generation, which disrupt the concentration gradient and facilitate lithium transport across the membrane.

In-vivo pharmacokinetic study of ibrutinib-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers in rat plasma by sensitive spectrofluorimetric method using harmonized approach of quality by design and white analytical chemistry.

Ibrutinib, an antineoplastic agent tackling chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, falls under the category of BCS class II drugs, characterized by a puzzling combination of low solubility and high permeability. Its oral bioavailability remains a perplexing challenge, merely reaching 2.9 % due to formidable first-pass metabolism hurdles. In a bid to surmount this obstacle, researchers embarked on a journey to develop ibrutinib-loaded NLCs (Nanostructured Lipid Carriers) using a methodology steeped in complexity: a Design of Experiments (DoE)-based hot melted ultrasonication approach. Despite a plethora of methods for analyzing ibrutinib in various matrices, the absence of a spectrofluorimetric method for assessing it in rat plasma added to the enigma. Thus emerged a spectrofluorimetric method, embodying principles of white analytical chemistry and analytical quality by design, employing a Placket-Burman design for initial method exploration and a central composite design for subsequent refinement. This method underwent rigorous validation in accordance with ICH guidelines, paving the way for its application in scrutinizing the in-vivo pharmacokinetics of ibrutinib-loaded NLCs, juxtaposed against commercially available formulations. Surprisingly, the optimized NLCs exhibited a striking 1.82-fold boost in oral bioavailability, shedding light on their potential efficacy. The environmental impact of this method was scrutinized using analytical greenness tools, affirming its eco-friendly attributes. In essence, the culmination of these efforts has not only propelled advancements in drug bioavailability but also heralded the dawn of a streamlined and environmentally conscious analytical paradigm.