Gender-specific associations of CD36 polymorphisms with the lipid profile and susceptibility to premature multi-vessel coronary artery heart disease in the Northern Han Chinese.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to detect potential gender-specific associations between some common CD36 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the lipid profile, as well as the susceptibility to premature multi-vessel coronary artery heart disease (CHD) in the Han population of Northern China. METHODS: A systematic three-step study process was employed to detect associations between CD36 gene variants and blood lipid profiles, as well as premature multi-vessel CHD in a gender-specific manner. RESULTS: The current study documented the following novel findings: (I) the full population-based association study in 329 Northern Han Chinese showed that four common CD36 polymorphisms were significantly related to extreme lipid profiles, with statistically significant effects based on gender interactions (rs1049673: P = 0.001; rs7755: P = 0.008; rs3211956: P = 0.034; and rs3173798: P = 0.004); (ii) these statistically significant effects could be decomposed into statistically significant atherogenic effects in males, but non-significant non-atherogenic effects in females; (iii) the results of logistic regression analysis indicated that current smoking status, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and type-2 diabetes were independent risk factors for premature multi-vessel CHD phenotype (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Four common CD36 polymorphisms (rs1049673, rs7755, rs3211956, and rs3173798) were identified to be significantly associated with extreme lipid profiles and had statistically opposite gender-specific clinical lipid profile effects. Thus, the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) CD36 SNPs could be a novel target for metabolic abnormalities in males of the Han nationality from Northern China.

Protracted Cardiovascular Impairments After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Critically Appraised Topic.

Clinical Scenario: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is a devastating knee injury with negative long-term consequences, such as early-onset knee osteoarthritis, biomechanical compensations, and reduced physical activity. Significant reduction in physical activity is a powerful indicator of cardiovascular (CV) disease; therefore, those with a history of ACL injury may be at increased risk for CV disease compared with noninjured individuals. Focused Clinical Question: Do individuals with a history of ACL injury demonstrate negative CV changes compared with those without a history of ACL injury? Summary of Key Findings: Three articles met the inclusion criteria and investigated CV changes after ACL injury. Both cross-sectional studies compared participants with ACL injury with matched controls. Bell et al compared time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity and step count, whereas Almeida et al compared maximum rate of oxygen consumption, ventilatory thresholds, isokinetic quadriceps strength, and body composition. Collectively, both quantitative studies found that individuals with a history of ACL injury had less efficient CV systems compared with matched controls and/or preoperative data. Finally, a qualitative study of 3506 retired National Football League athletes showed an increased rate of arthritis and knee replacement surgery after an ACL injury when compared with other retired National Football League members, in addition to a >50% increased rate of myocardial infarction. Clinical Bottom Line: A history of ACL injury is a source of impaired physical activity. Preliminary data indicate that these physical activity limitations negatively impair the CV system, and individuals with a history of ACL injury demonstrate lower maximum oxygen consumption, self-reported disability, and daily step count compared with noninjured peers. These complications support the need for greater emphasis on CV wellness. Strength of Recommendation: Consistent findings from 2 cross-sectional studies and 1 survey study suggest level IIB evidence to support that ACL injury is associated with negative CV health.

Research progress on related risk factors of premature coronary artery heart disease / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Coronary artery heart disease (CHD) is a common clinical disease with high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards and the changes of lifestyle, the age of CHD tends to be younger. Based on the present research situation at home and abroad, this paper explores the hereditary factors, clinical risk factors, inflammatory indexes and new inflammatory markers related to the diagnosis and treatment of premature CHD (PCHD). And the particularity of PCHD in women is analyzed. It is pointed out that PHD is dominated by hereditary factors, with multiple risk factors participating together including psychological factors, and closely related to inflammatory indicators. The emergence of new inflammatory markers provides certain value for the prediction, diagnosis and treatment of PCHD.

The Correlation Between 9p21 Chromosome rs4977574 Polymorphism Genotypes and the Development of Coronary Artery Heart Disease.

Our aim is to investigate the correlation between 9p21 chromosome rs4977574 polymorphism genotypes and the development of coronary artery heart disease (CHD). Two hundred and eighty-nine patients with angiography-confirmed CHD were recruited as the CHD group, while 338 subjects without CHD symptoms were enrolled as the control group. For all participating subjects, the genotypes of rs4977574 polymorphism were examined by the real-time PCR analysis. Analyses acquired from single-locus technique showed that genotype distribution of rs4977574 polymorphism was significantly different (p = 0.041) between CHD group and the control group. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that rs4977574 polymorphism in a dominant mode significantly increased (p = 0.038) the risk of CHD, where odds ratio (OR) was 0.71 and the 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.58-0.97 was applied. 9p21 chromosome rs4977574 polymorphism genotypes are associated with the incidence and development of CHD. The presence of C allele may reduce the risk of CHD.

The correlation between thyroid function and the severity of coronary artery lesions / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Obiective Tend to explore the correlation between thyroid function and the severity of coronary artery lesions in chinese coronary heart disease(CHD)patients. Methods A total of 558 patients who underwent coronary angiography at the cardiology department of Peking University First Hospital from January 2013 to June 2015 were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients were divided into coronary heart disease group and non-coronary heart disease group. Thyroid hormone levels were tested in all patients before angiography,and clinical characteristics,lipid profiles and SYNTAX scores were also obtained. Results Of the 558 patients,409 were diagnosed of CHD(73.3％),and among them,5 patients were hyperthyroid/subclinical hyperthyroid(1.2％),13 patients were hypothyroid/subclinical hypothyroid(3.2％),14 patients had euthyroid sicknesssyndrome(ESS)(3.2％),377 patients were euthyroid(92.2％). Among the 149 non-CHD patients(26.7％),3 patients were subclinical hyperthyroid(2.0％),8 patients were hypothyroid/subclinical hypothyroid(5.4％),2 patients were ESS(1.3％),172 patients were euthyroid(91.3％). The proportion of patients with ESS in the CHD group was significantly higher than that of the non-CHD group (3.4％ vs. 1.3％,P=0.018). Except for the patients with ESS,FT3 level was significantly lower the in CHD group than that in the non-CHD group[(4.52±0.57)pmol/L vs.(4.65±0.63)pmol/L,P=0.015]. There were no significant differences in FT4,T3,T4 levels between the two groups(P>0.05). In the CHD group,there was an association between the SYNTAX score groups and free triiodothyronine(FT3)levels(F=6.260,P=0.002). A significant correlation was also observed between the FT3 level and the number of coronary artery lesions(F=5.691, P=0.004). There was no correlation between the SYNTAX score groups or number of coronary artery lesions and thyroid hormone levels,respectively. There were no correlations between lipid profiles and thyroid function. Patients were further divided into three subgroups according to their serum TSH levels. The prevalence of CHD is significantly higher in the subgroup with elevated TSH(85.7％)than in the subgroup with normal TSH(68.6％, P=0.022). Conclusions FT3 level is weakly associated with the severity of CHD. Higher TSH level may be a risk factor of CHD.

[Research progress of Guanxin Danshen formula and its effective components in treating coronary artery heart disease].

Coronary artery heart disease (CHD) is one of the common cardiovascular diseases in clinical. The morbidity and mortality of CHD recently continue increasing in our country, which has aroused wide attention. Many studies confirm that traditional Chinese medicine has better therapeutic effect on CHD. Guanxin Danshen formula, widely used in the treatment of CHD, consists of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and volatile oil from Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum, and has the efficacy in promoting blood circulation to resolve stasis, regulating the circulation of Qi and alleviating pain. This review summarized the pharmacologic effects and mechanism of Guanxin Danshen formula and its effective components in the treatment of CHD to provide reference for its fundamental research and clinical application.

Research progress of Guanxin Danshen formula and its effective components in treating coronary artery heart disease / 中国中药杂志

Coronary artery heart disease (CHD) is one of the common cardiovascular diseases in clinical. The morbidity and mortality of CHD recently continue increasing in our country, which has aroused wide attention. Many studies confirm that traditional Chinese medicine has better therapeutic effect on CHD. Guanxin Danshen formula, widely used in the treatment of CHD, consists of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and volatile oil from Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum, and has the efficacy in promoting blood circulation to resolve stasis, regulating the circulation of Qi and alleviating pain. This review summarized the pharmacologic effects and mechanism of Guanxin Danshen formula and its effective components in the treatment of CHD to provide reference for its fundamental research and clinical application.

Fatores de risco cardiovasculares em trabalhadores de enfermagem em um centro de referência no sul do brasil / Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en trabajadores de enfermería en un centro de referencia en el sur de brasil / Factors of heart attack risks in workers of nursing in a center of reference in southern Brazil

Introdução: Atualmente as doenças cardiovasculares, em especial, a doença arterial coronariana (DAC) representa 35 por cento das causas de morte das doenças vasculares. Objetivos: Identificar os fatores de risco (FR) modificáveis para doença arterial coronariana em trabalhadores de enfermagem que atuam em Pronto Socorro, Centro Obstétrico, Centro Cirúrgico e Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (Pediátrica, Adulta, Neonatal); correlacionar os resultados entre as categorias de enfermagem, turnos e setores de trabalho. Métodos: Estudo transversal contemporâneo. Foi aplicado um questionário com finalidade de rastrear fatores de risco, pressão arterial (PA), dados antropométricos, glicemia de jejum, colesterol total- Hdl e Ldl, triglicerídeos e aplicação do inventário de sintomas de estresse de adultos de LIPP ( ISSL). Resultados: Foram incluídos 80 participantes do estudo, 86 por cento eram mulheres com idade média de 37,7 +/- 8,2 anos, 26 por cento eram enfermeiros, 56 por cento eram técnicos de enfermagem e 17 por cento eram auxiliares de enfermagem. O setor da UTI prevaleceu em número de trabalhadores (45 por cento) e o diurno foi o turno predominante (41,2 por cento). Os FR mais relevantes foram história familiar (86,3 por cento) em 1º grau de parentesco, o sedentarismo (55 por cento), colesterol total alto (6,3 por cento) e limítrofe (26,3 por cento),estresse (53,8 por cento) e o sobrepeso (56,3 por cento). Conclusão: Nosso estudo mostrou que esta população possui risco aumentado para DCV. O acompanhamento desta amostra poderá nos trazer resultados surpreendentes por tratar-se de uma população jovem com prevalência de resultados limítrofes. Programas deverão ser adotados para auxiliar a promoção à saúde e a mudança do estilo de vida iniciando precocemente, na infância.

Introduction: Nowadays the cardiovascular diseases (CVD), specially the Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), or Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), represent 35 percent of causes of death of vascular diseases. Objectives: To identify the risk factors that can be modifed for CHD/CAD in Nursing Workers who act at the Emergency Room, Obste-tric Center, Center and Surgical Intensive Care Units (Pediatric, Adult, Neonatal); to correlate these results with the different categories of nursing as well as with their work shifts and sectors. Methods: Cross-study analysis. A questionnaire was applied aiming at tracking risk factors, blood pressure, anthropometric data, fasting glyce-mia, total cholesterol (HDL and LDL), triglycerides, as well as Lipp´s Inventory of Stress Symptoms in Adults. Results: Out of 80 participants of the study, 86 percent were women aged about 37,7 +/- 8,2 years; 26 percent were Nurses, 56 percent were Nursing Technicians and 17 percent were Nursing Assistants. Most Nursing workers belong to the sector of the Intensive Care Unit (45 percent) and the daytime was the predominant shift (41,2 percent). The most relevant risk factors were the family history (at 1st degree) (86,3 percent), the sedentarism (55 percent), total high cholesterol (6,3 percent) and borderline cholesterol level (26,3 percent, stress (53,8 percent) and overweight (56,3 percent). Conclusion: Our study has shown that population presents an increased CVD risk. Monitoring this sample can reveal surprising results in the future since it refers to a young population with predominance of bordering results. Programs should be adopted to facilitate health promotion towards a healthier life style since early in the childhood.

Introducción: Actualmente las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV), en especial la enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC), representan 35 por ciento de las causas de muerte de las enfermedades vasculares. Objetivos: Identificar los factores de riesgo (FR) modificables para la enfermedad arterial coronaria en los trabajadores de enfermería que actúan en la Sala de Emergencia, Centro Obstétrico, Centro Quirúrgico y las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (pediátrico, adulto, neonatal); correlacionar los resultados entre las categorías del oficio de enfermería, los turnos y los sectores de trabajo. Métodos: Estudio transversal contemporáneo. Se aplicó un cuestionario para identificar los factores de riesgo, la presión arterial, los datos antropométricos, la glicemia en ayunas, el colesterol total (HDL y LDL), los triglicéridos; también se aplicó el inventario de síntomas del estrés de los adultos, de Lipp. Resultados: De los 80 participantes del estudio, 86 por ciento eran mujeres con la edad media de 37.7 +/- 8.2 años; 26 por ciento eran enfermeros; 56 por ciento eran técnicos de enfermería y 17 por ciento eran auxiliares de enfermería. El sector de UTI prevaleció en número de trabajadores (45 por ciento) y el diurno era el turno predominante (41.2 por ciento). Los factores de riesgo más prevalentes eran la historia familiar (86.3 por ciento) en primero grado de relación, el sedentarismo (55 por ciento), el colesterol total alto (6.3 por ciento) y el colesterol limítrofe (26.3 por ciento), el estrés (53.8 por ciento) y el exceso de peso (56.3 por ciento). Conclusión: Nuestro estudio ha mostrado que la población presenta un FR aumentado de CVD. El monitoreo de esta muestra puede revelar resultados sorprendentes en el futuro ya que se refere a una población joven con el predominio de resultados limítrofes. Deben ser adoptados programas para facilitar la promoción de salud hacia un estilo de vida más sano desde temprano en la infancia.

Study on the expression of free Ca2+ and AngiotensinⅡ1 type receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells of hypertensive coronary artery diseases / 中国综合临床

Objective To observe the expression of free Ca2+ and Angiotensin Ⅱ 1 type receptor(AT1 R)in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)of patients with hypertensive or normotensive coronary artery diseases(CAD).Methods During the coronary artery bypass graft operation,the surplus saphenous vein of patients who admitted to our Cardiac Surgery Department was collected and cultured.All patients were divided into hypertensive or normotensive group.Free Ca2+ in the cultured human VSMCs was determined by confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM)after different kinds of AngiotensinⅡ being added,respectively.Total RNA was extracted from cultured VSMCs.Then RT-PCR was conducted for the observation of the expression of AT1R in both groups.Results Ca2+in human VSMCs rapidly increased when stimulated by Angtensin Ⅱ in two groups.After stimulated by Angiotensin Ⅱ,both free Ca2+ level and the expression of AT1R in VSMCs of hypertensive patients were higher than those of the normotensive patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion There are certain changes of free calcium in the cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells,when stimulated by Angiotensin Ⅱ.There are also difierences in AT1R expression between hypertensive CAD patients and normotensive CAD patients.