Why Culture and Context Matters: Examining Differences in Mental Health Stigma and Social Distance Between Latino Individuals in the United States and Mexico.

This study examines the influence of cultural context on social distance and perceptions of stigma towards mental health conditions among Latino populations in Houston, TX, USA and Mexico City, Mexico. We employed a community-based experimental vignette survey to assess perceptions towards individuals experiencing symptoms of alcohol misuse, depression, and psychosis. Participants (n = 513) from Houston and Mexico City were asked about their willingness to accept community members experiencing mental health symptoms in various social roles, their perceptions of stigma related to these symptoms, anticipated danger, possible positive outcomes, and the community member's ability to change. Findings demonstrate significant differences in stigma perceptions between Latino respondents in the US and in Mexico. Houston participants reported lower public stigma and perceived dangerousness of someone with mental health concerns compared to respondents in Mexico City. Furthermore, the cultural context may influence the association between various dimensions of stigma, with some inverse relationships occurring based on location of data collection. Findings illuminate the complex interplay between cultural context, mental health symptoms, and stigma, and underscores the need for culturally nuanced interventions to reduce mental health stigma and promote service utilization in Latino communities.

Grandmothers: Central scaffolding sources impacting maternal and infant feeding practices in Colombia.

A growing body of evidence highlights that maternal and child nutrition programmes need to extend beyond the mother-child dyad by adopting a family systems approach, particularly in the Global South. Guided by a sociocultural and community psychology understanding of health, the paper explores factors identifying grandmothers as central resources for nutrition programmes. The study was conducted in a Colombian urban periphery applying a qualitative longitudinal design (prenatal and postpartum). It is based on interviews with adolescent mothers and mothers in their 20s (n = 35 at T1; n = 21 at T2), grandmothers (n = 15 at T1; n = 12 at T2) and community/public stakeholders (n = 17). Many of the participants live in low-income households headed by grandmothers, who adjust feeding practices to the extent of their economic capacity. Findings reveal grandmothers play a central role in decision-making and in enabling a holistic support system for the dyad. This is defined as grandmothers' scaffolding; it covers nutrition advice, breastfeeding and infant feeding, cultural practices, caregiving and maternal mental health. The study helps build the evidence-base for the transferability of a family systems approach to Global South regions by using sociocultural and community psychology concepts to fortify the rationale for including grandmothers in maternal and child nutrition programmes. It argues for the need to continue raising the visibility of key actors like grandmothers and for nutrition programmes to align themselves more flexibly with the needs of families experiencing poverty.

Self and Nature: Parental Socialization, Self-Esteem, and Environmental Values in Spanish Adolescents.

Emergent research seriously questions the use of parental strictness as the best parenting strategy in all cultural contexts. Moreover, previous research on environmental socialization offers inconsistent findings about which specific parenting practices would be the most appropriate for environmental socialization. The present paper aims to examine parents' contribution (i.e., authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian, and neglectful) to adolescents' self-esteem and internalization of environmental values. Participants were 308 Spanish adolescents with 171 females (55.5%), between 12 and 17 years old. The four parenting styles were defined using measures of parental warmth and strictness. Self-esteem was captured with global and multidimensional measures. Internalization of environmental values was evaluated by measuring the priority given to biospheric values. Results revealed a consistent pattern between parenting styles and adolescent self-esteem and internalization of environmental values. Overall, adolescents from homes characterized by parental warmth (i.e., indulgent and authoritative) have higher self-esteem and greater internalization of environmental values than their counterparts. These findings clearly contrast with those obtained in other cultural contexts where parental strictness is essential in achieving well-adjusted children with optimal psychosocial development.

Metaphors and cultural narratives on adaptive responses to severe adversity: A field study among the Indigenous Pitaguary community in Brazil.

The expressions resilience and posttraumatic growth represent metaphorical concepts that are typically found in Euro-American contexts. Metaphors of severe adversity or trauma and the expressions of overcoming it vary across cultures-a lacuna, which has not been given much attention in the literature so far. This study aimed to explore the metaphorical concepts that the Indigenous Pitaguary community in Brazil uses to talk about adaptive and positive responses to severe adversity and to relate them to their socio-cultural context. We carried out 14 semi-structured interviews during field research over a one-month period of fieldwork. The data were explored with systematic metaphor analysis. The core metaphors included images of battle, unity, spirituality, journeys, balance, time, sight, transformation, and development. These metaphors were related to context-specific cultural narratives that underlie the Pitaguary ontological perspective on collectivity, nature, and cosmology. The results suggest that metaphors and cultural narratives can reveal important aspects of a culture's collective mindset. To have a contextualized understanding of expressive nuances is an essential asset to adapt interventions to specific cultures and promote culture-specific healing and recovery processes.

Prosperidade, contestação e tecnocracia: o pensamento rogeriano em seu contexto de gestação / Prosperity, contestation and technocracy: the rogerian thought in its context of gestation / Prosperidad, contestación y tecnocracia: el pensamiento rogeriano en su contexto de gestación

O artigo pretende problematizar as condições culturais a partir das quais foi construído o pensamento de Carl Rogers. Discutem-se acontecimentos ocorridos na sociedade estadunidense a partir do início da segunda guerra mundial até o fim da década de 1970. Entende-se que a guerra representou uma oportunidade para que os Estados Unidos iniciassem um ciclo economicamente virtuoso. Havia, nesse período, uma forte sensação de prosperidade para parte de sua população associada ao advento de uma classe média com tendências conservadoras. Paralelamente, surgiram movimentos contestatórios de populações historicamente marginalizadas que buscavam direitos civis e questionavam os modos de organização social e cultural vigentes. A partir disto, desenvolveu-se uma psicologia mais prática e que fugia de referenciais tecnocráticos de produção e validação de conhecimento. Dentro desse contexto cultural, indica-se que Rogers respondia, entre outros, aos temas: autenticidade atrelada à busca de tornar-se pessoa; tecnocracia como elemento a ser questionado na vida e na produção de conhecimento; e, por fim, cuidado de si vinculado ao sério risco de se cair num modo narcísico de existência.

The paper aims to debate the cultural conditions from which Carl Rogers' thinking was created. Events that happened in american society from the beginning of second World War until the end of 1970's are discussed. It is understood that the war represented an opportunity for the United States to start a new economically virtuous cicle. There was, during this time, a strong feeling of prosperity for part of its population combined with the advent of a conservative middle class. In parallel, contestatory movements of historically marginalized populations emerged. These movements sought civil rights and questioned the ways of social and cultural organization in force. Therefore, it was developed a more practical psychology which evaded itself from technocratic references of production and validation of knowledge. Within this cultural context, it is indicated that Rogers responded, among others, to the themes: authenticity tied to the quest to become a person; technocracy as an element to be questioned in life and in the production of knowledge; And, finally, self-care linked to the serious risk of falling into a narcissistic way of existence.

El artículo pretende problematizar las condiciones culturales a partir de las cuales se construyó el pensamiento de Carl Rogers. Se discuten acontecimientos ocurridos en la sociedad estadounidense a partir del inicio de la segunda guerra mundial hasta el final de la década de 1970. Se entiende que la guerra representó una oportunidad para que los Estados Unidos iniciasen un ciclo económicamente virtuoso. En ese período, había una fuerte sensación de prosperidad para parte de su población asociada al advenimiento de una clase media con tendencias conservadoras. Paralelamente, surgieron movimientos contestatarios de poblaciones históricamente marginadas que buscaban derechos civiles y cuestionaban los modos de organización social y cultural vigentes. A partir de esto, se desarrolló una psicología más práctica y que huía de referenciales tecnocráticos de producción y validación de conocimiento. Dentro de ese contexto cultural, se indica que Rogers respondía, entre otros, a los temas: autenticidad ligada a la búsqueda de convertirse en persona; tecnocracia como elemento a ser cuestionado en la vida y en la producción de conocimiento; y, por fin, cuidado de sí vinculado al serio riesgo de caerse en un modo narcisista de existencia.

Participar está na moda: uma abordagem psicossocial dos orçamentos participativos / Participar está de moda: un enfoque psicosocial de los presupuestos participativos / Participation is trendy: a social psychological approach to the participatory budget

RESUMO Autores têm apontado para como os processos de participação institucionalizados poderão não ser verdadeiramente participativos. Este estudo analisa factores estruturais condicionantes destes processos, tendencialmente esquecidos nos estudos sobre a participação no âmbito da Psicologia Social, através de análise exploratória das sessões de Orçamento Participativo (OP) em três municípios em Portugal. Partindo de uma perspectiva etnográfica, procurámos perceber que factores estão relacionados com os modelos de OP e em que medida os contextos social, cultural e político de cada município poderão explicar as diferenças verificadas na participação local; em que medida a organização espacial das sessões, os recursos utilizados e o tipo de comunicação poderão estar associados às mesmas. As análises sugerem uma relação complexa entre a natureza mais ou menos deliberativa/consultiva do procedimento e o nível de participação, demonstrando que a retórica institucional participativa utilizada pelos decisores nem sempre corresponde a práticas mais ou menos participativas por parte dos cidadãos.

RESUMEN Autores han señalado cómo los procesos de participación institucionalizados pueden no ser verdaderamente participativos. Se analizam factores estructurales condicionantes de estos procesos, tendencialmente olvidados en los estudios sobre la participación en la Psicología Social, a través de análisis exploratorio de las sesiones de Presupuesto Participativo (PP) en tres municipios en Portugal. A partir de una perspectiva etnográfica, intentamos percibir qué factores están relacionados con los modelos de PP y en qué medida los contextos social, cultural y político de cada municipio pueden explicar las diferencias en la participación local; en qué medida la organización espacial de las sesiones, los recursos utilizados y el tipo de comunicación podrán estar asociados a las mismas. Los análisis sugieren una relación compleja entre la naturaleza más o menos deliberativa/consultiva del procedimiento y el nivel de participación, donde la retórica institucional participativa utilizada por los decisores no siempre corresponde a prácticas más o menos participativas por parte de los ciudadanos.

ABSTRACT Institutionalized participatory processes may not be truly participative. This study aims to analyze structural factors underlying participation, often neglected by social psychology. An exploratory study was carried out on participatory budgeting sessions in three municipalities in Portugal. From an ethnographic perspective, we have compared contextual factors related to different participatory budgeting models; differences in citizens' participation which may be attributed to the social, cultural and political contexts of each municipality; and how the spatial organization, the resources applied and the type of communication used in the different budgeting sessions may possibly shape the ways different agents interact. Results suggest that there is a complex relation between the deliberative/consultative natures of the participatory budgeting and the level of the citizens' participation, showing that the participatory institutional rhetoric used by policymakers does not always correspond to citizens' participatory practices.

Fruits and vegetables are incorporated into home cuisine in different ways that are relevant to promoting increased consumption.

Fruits and vegetables are essential for healthy life. We examined the fruits and vegetables consumption by 240 caregivers and their children aged 1-17 years in peri-urban Lima, and the ways that they were incorporated into local cuisine. A randomized cross-sectional household survey collected information on the weight of all foods eaten the previous day (24 h) including fruits and vegetables, their preparation and serving sizes. Fruit and vegetable consumption was low and very variable: fruit intake was mean 185.2 ± 171.5 g day-1 , median 138 g day-1 for caregivers and 203.6 ± 190.6 g day-1 and 159 g day-1 for children, vegetable intake was mean 116.9 ± 94.0 g day-1 median 92 g day-1 for caregivers, mean 89.3 ± 84.7 g day-1 median 60 g day-1 for children. Only 23.8% of children and 26.2% of caregivers met the recommended ≥400 g of fruit or vegetable/day. Vegetables were mainly eaten either as ingredients of the main course recipe, eaten by about 80% of caregivers and children, or as salads eaten by 47% of caregivers and 42% of children. Fruits were most commonly eaten as whole fresh fruits eaten by 68% of caregivers and 75% of children. In multivariate analysis of the extent to which different presentations contributed to daily fruit and vegetable consumption, main courses contributed most to determining vegetable intake for caregivers, and for children, main course and salads had similar contributions. For fruit intake, the amount eaten as whole fruit determined total fruit and total fruit plus vegetable intake for both caregivers and children. Local cuisine should be considered in interventions to promote fruit and vegetable consumption. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The Sociocultural Context of Mexican-Origin Pregnant Adolescents' Attitudes Toward Teen Pregnancy and Links to Future Outcomes.

Given the negative developmental risks associated with adolescent motherhood, it is important to examine the sociocultural context of adolescent mothers' lives to identify those most at risk for poor outcomes. Our goals were to identify profiles of Mexican-origin pregnant adolescents' cultural orientations and their attitudes toward teen pregnancy, and to investigate how these profiles were linked to adolescents' pregnancy intentions, family resources, and short-term family, educational, and parenting outcomes. With a sample of 205 Mexican-origin adolescent mothers, we identified three profiles based on cultural orientations and attitudes toward teen pregnancy: Bicultural-Moderate Attitudes, Acculturated-Moderate Attitudes, and Enculturated-Low Attitudes. The results indicated that enculturated pregnant adolescents had the least favorable attitudes toward teen pregnancy, and the lowest levels of family income, pregnancy intentions, pregnancy support, and educational expectations compared to acculturated and bicultural pregnant adolescents; acculturated adolescents (with the highest family income and high levels of pregnancy support) had the highest levels of parenting efficacy 10 months postpartum. Our findings suggest that enculturated adolescent mothers (with less positive attitudes toward teen pregnancy) may benefit from educational support programs and enculturated and bicultural adolescent mothers (with moderately positive attitudes toward teen pregnancy) may benefit from programs to increase parenting efficacy. Such targeted interventions may, in turn, reduce the likelihood of adolescent mothers experiencing negative educational and parenting outcomes.

Viena, Áustria: notas sobre o contexto de emergência da psicanálise / Vienna, Austria: notes on the context of the emergence of psychoanalysis

O saber freudiano está datado e situado num determinado contexto. É a partir disto que se pode entrever sua identidade e sua especificidade como novidade que emergiu, precisamente, na virada do século XIX para o século XX, em Viena. O objetivo deste ensaio é investigar o cenário político e cultural que serve de pano de fundo para a construção do discurso freudiano. Logo de início, é importante ressaltar que não pretendemos estabelecer uma correlação entre o cenário histórico-cultural vienense e os conceitos psicanalíticos, mas, sobretudo, traçar os contornos para que isto possa ser feito num momento posterior.

The Freudian theory is dated and set in a given context. It is from this that one can foresee its identity and its specificity as a novelty that emerged precisely at the turn of the 19th century to the 20th century in Vienna. The goal of this essay is to investigate the political and cultural scene that serves as a background for the construction of the Freudian discourse. From the outset, it is important to note that we do not intend to establish a correlation between the historical-cultural scenario and the Viennese psychoanalytic concepts, but, above all, trace the contours so that this can be done at a later time.

Viena, Áustria: notas sobre o contexto de emergência da psicanálise / Vienna, Austria: notes on the context of the emergence of psychoanalysis

O saber freudiano está datado e situado num determinado contexto. É a partir disto que se pode entrever sua identidade e sua especificidade como novidade que emergiu, precisamente, na virada do século XIX para o século XX, em Viena. O objetivo deste ensaio é investigar o cenário político e cultural que serve de pano de fundo para a construção do discurso freudiano. Logo de início, é importante ressaltar que não pretendemos estabelecer uma correlação entre o cenário histórico-cultural vienense e os conceitos psicanalíticos, mas, sobretudo, traçar os contornos para que isto possa ser feito num momento posterior.(AU)

The Freudian theory is dated and set in a given context. It is from this that one can foresee its identity and its specificity as a novelty that emerged precisely at the turn of the 19th century to the 20th century in Vienna. The goal of this essay is to investigate the political and cultural scene that serves as a background for the construction of the Freudian discourse. From the outset, it is important to note that we do not intend to establish a correlation between the historical-cultural scenario and the Viennese psychoanalytic concepts, but, above all, trace the contours so that this can be done at a later time.(AU)

Supervising Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Practitioners in Urban Brazil.

There is growing interest in the study of supervision as a core aspect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) learning and practice. Standard models of CBT supervision generally contain some components of the following structure: teaching therapist conceptualization skills, interpersonal processes to build a collaborative therapeutic relationship, clinical procedures, and treatment protocols presenting specific procedures for particular problems. As is true for CBT practice, supervision is affected by the cultural context, including macrostructures (e.g., social and economic aspects) and microstructures (e.g., the institution where training is provided). The main goals of this article are (a) to review some of the key elements in clinical supervision of CBT practitioners, (b) to postulate sources of cultural variation that may affect CBT supervision in Brazil, and (c) to illustrate differences between CBT supervision models proposed in the literature and the practice of supervision carried out in Brazil.

Temas para una bioética latinoamericana / Themes for a Latin American bioethics / Temas para uma bioética latinoamericana

El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre el fundamento filosófico de la bioética como disciplina, método y movimiento desde su contexto histórico, y propone temas bioéticos en relación con el contexto social y cultural de la vivencia latinoamericana.

The present work considers the philosophical basis of bioethics as a discipline, method and movement from its historical context, and proposes bioethical themes in relation with the social and cultural context of life in Latin American.

O presente trabalho reflete sobre o fundamento filosófico da bioética como disciplina, método e movimento, a partir de seu contexto histórico e propõe temas bioéticos relacionados com o contexto social e cultural da vivência latinoamericana.