Factores etiopatogénicos de maloclusión: el factor dentario en la organización de la oclusión. Parte III / Etiopathogenic factors of malocclusion: the dental effect in occlusal organization. Part III

Esta publicación es la última de una serie de tres, dirigida a la organización de la oclusión, en el marco de un enfoque sistémico. En las anteriores fueron desarrollados los temas referidos al espacio en los arcos dentarios restando analizar, entonces, aspectos de la erupción dentaria. Al respecto, se sintetizarán conceptos de la evolución deseable desde el origen de los folículos dentarios hasta su inclusión en el arco y contacto con el antagonista y se presentarán ejemplos de alteraciones ordenadas según el avance biológico de la dentición (AU)

This publication is the last in a series of three, aimed at the organization of occlusion, within the framework of a systemic approach. In the previous ones, the topics related to the space in the dental arches were developed, leaving to analyze, then, aspects of the dental eruption. In this regard, concepts of the desirable evolution from the origin of the dental follicles to their inclusion in the arch and contact with the antagonist will be synthesized, and examples of alterations ordered according to the biological progress of the dentition will be presented (AU)

Correlación entre el Diagnóstico Clínico y Radiográfico de Sujetos Adultos con Erupción Pasiva Alterada / Correlation Between Clinical and Radiographic Diagnosis of Adult Subjects with Altered Passive Eruption

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la correlación entre el diagnóstico clínico y radiográfico de sujetos adultos con erupción pasiva alterada. La muestra estuvo conformada por los incisivos centrales del cuadrante I de 30 sujetos adultos. Se registraron 2 mediciones clínicas: longitud de corona clínica y distancia del margen gingival (MG) a la unión cemento esmalte (UCE); y 2 mediciones radiográficas: longitud de corona anatómica y distancia del MG-UCE. Para diagnosticar EPA, se comparó el promedio de la resta entre corona anatómica y corona clínica; con el valor hipotético ( ³ 2,5 mm según Zucchelli). La muestra estuvo conformada por: 36,7 % incisivos de sujetos de sexo masculino y 63,3 % de sexo femenino; con la edad media de 25,17 años. Clínicamente, se obtuvo la media de 8,5 mm para longitud de corona clínica y 2,267 mm para sondaje MG-UCE. Radiográficamente, se obtuvo la media de 10,767 mm para longitud de la corona radiográfica y 2,47 mm para MG-UCE. Según la Rho de Spearman, el sondaje MG-UCE (clínico) con MG-UCE (radiográfico) no muestra una correlación estadísticamente significativa (p=0,227), sin embargo, al comparar la media (2,48 mm) con el valor hipotético (³2,5 mm) según la prueba t de una muestra, se determina que no existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=0,864) entre ambos resultados. La radiografía con técnica paralela de Zucchelli es una excelente alternativa para un adecuado diagnóstico diferencial de la erupción pasiva alterada; de manera simple, económica y reproducible para el beneficio de clínicos y pacientes.

The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between the clinical and radiographic diagnosis of adult subjects with altered passive eruption. The population consisted of the central incisors of quadrant I of 30 adult subjects. Two clinical measurements were recorded: length of clinical crown and distance from the gingival margin (GM) to the cementum enamel junction (CEJ); and 2 radiographic measurements: length of anatomical crown and distance from the GM-CEJ. To diagnose APE, the average of the subtraction between anatomical crown and clinical crown was compared; with the hypothetical value (³ 2.5 mm according to Zucchelli). The population were: 36.7 % incisors of male subjects and 63.3 % female; with the average age of 25.17 years. Clinically, the average was 8.5 mm for clinical crown length and 2,267 mm for GM-CEJ probing. Radiographically, the average 10.767 mm was obtained for the length of the radiographic crown and 2.47 mm for GM- CEJ. According to Spearman's Rho, the GM-CEJ (clinical) probing with GM-CEJ (radiographic) does not show a statistically significant correlation (p = 0.227), however, when comparing the average (2.48 mm) with the hypothetical value (³ 2.5 mm) according to the t-test of a sample, it is determined that there is no statistically significant difference (p = 0.864) between both results. The radiography with Zucchelli technique is an excellent alternative for an adequate differential diagnosis of altered passive eruption; in a simple, economical and reproducible way for the benefit of clinicians and patients.

La exposición prenatal a fluoruro induce cambios en la porción coronal de la cripta ósea y altera la erupción dental en crías lactantes / Prenatal fluoride exposure induces changes in the coronal portion of bony crypt and alters dental eruption in suckling rats

La erupción dental es un proceso estrictamente regulado y programado espacial y temporalmente. El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de la exposición prenatal a fluoruro de sodio (NaF) sobre los eventos morfológicos y celulares que ocurren en el hueso supracoronal del primer molar de crías de rata durante la etapa preeruptiva. Se emplearon crías (n=6-8 por grupo) provenientes de madres que bebieron crónicamente agua con diferentes concentraciones de F- en forma de NaF durante la gestación y lactancia: control y NaF (50 mg/L). En cortes histológicos de la mandíbula de crías de 3 y 10 días se analizaron parámetros de histomorfometría estática en la zona supracoronal de la canastilla ósea a la altura del primer molar inferior: volumen óseo trabecular [BV/TV (%)], número de osteoclastos por milímetro (N.Oc/mm) y las variables indirectas: número de trabéculas [Tb.N (1/mm)], espesor [Tb.Th (µm)] y separación trabecular [Tb.Sp (µm)]. En crías de 15 días se midió el grado de erupción [TED (µm)] del primer molar inferior. Los resultados se analizaron con el test "t" de Student considerando diferencias significativas a p<0,05. El análisis histomorfométrico demostró un incremento en el BV/TV (%) del hueso supracoronal (p<0,01) asociado con disminución del N.Oc/mm (p<0,01) en crías de 3 y 10 días expuestas prenatalmente al F-. El grado de erupción dental fue menor en animales expuestos prenatalmente al F- en comparación con los controles (p<0,01). En conclusión, los resultados observados en la mandíbula de crías expuestas durante la etapa prenatal y posnatal temprana al F- sugieren un efecto disruptivo sobre la actividad resortiva necesaria para formación del canal eruptivo. (AU)

Tooth eruption is a tightly regulated and spatially and temporally programmed process. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of prenatal NaF exposure on the morphological and cellular events that occur in the supracoronal area of bony crypt of the first rat molar during the preeruptive stage. Offspring from two groups of rats were used (6-8 per group): Control and 50 mg/L NaF. The treatment was performed during pregnancy and lactation. Suckling pups were euthanized at 3-, 10- and 15-days-old by cervical dislocation. Mandibles were removed and histologically processed to obtain buccolingual sections stained with H&E. In sections of first mandibular molar of 3- and 10-days-old pups, the following static histomorphometric parameters were evaluated: trabecular bone volume [BV/TV (%)] and number of osteoclasts (N.Oc/mm). Also, indirect parameters were obtained: trabecular number [Tb.N (1/mm)], trabecular thickness [Tb.Th (µm)], and trabecular separation [Tb.Sp (µm)]. The degree of tooth eruption [TED (µm)] was determined. Results are expressed as mean ± SE and analyzed by Student t-test. Histomorphometric analysis showed an increase in the BV/TV (%) of the bone crypt of 3- and 10- days-old pups exposed to NaF (p <0.01); this increase was associated with a decrease in the N.Oc/mm (p <0.01). TED of mandibular first molar was lower in prenatal NaF exposed group than in control group (p<0.01). In conclusion, the increased BV/TV and the lower N.Oc observed in the bone crypt of 3- and 10- days-old pups from mothers treated with NaF suggested a disruptive effect triggered by F- on the formation events of the eruptive pathway in the offspring. (AU)

Manifestaciones orales de la incontinencia pigmentaria (Síndrome de BlochSulzberger) / Oral manifestations of pigmentary incontinence (BlochSulzberger syndrome)

Paciente de sexo femenino de 13 años de edad que acudió al servicio de Odontopediatría del Instituto de Salud Oral del Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aérea de Perú en el mes de setiembre del año 2018 debido a una renovación en la prótesis parcial provisional que utilizaba desde hace cinco meses. Al examen clínico extraoral se evidenció lesiones cicatrizales en la piel de la región nasal; durante la evaluación intraoral se evidenció la pérdida de múltiples dientes, rebordes edéntulos amplios y delgados, alteraciones en la morfología dentaria, así como discordancia de la erupción dentaria con la edad de la paciente. Al examen radiográfico se evidenció alteración y retardo en la erupción dentaria, impactación de un diente en la mandíbula, falta de desarrollo radicular y persistencia de dientes temporales. El diagnóstico médico definitivo fue el Síndrome de Bloch ­ Sulzberger también denominado como "incontinencia pigmentaria". Este síndrome se caracteriza por presentar una variedad de manifestaciones orales como: agenesia dentaria, alteración en la morfología dentaria, dientes retenidos y/o impactados así como alteración y retraso en la erupción dentaria. A nivel sistémico este síndrome presenta lesiones que afectan a la piel, pelo, visión, sistema nervioso central, entre otros.

A 13-year-old female patient went to the pediatric dentistry service of the Oral Health Institute of the Central Air Force Hospital of Peru in September of 2018. She sought care to have her temporary partial prosthesis renewed. The extraoral clinical examination showed scar lesions on the skin of the nasal region; the intraoral evaluation showed the loss of multiple teeth, wide and thin edentulous ridges, alterations in dental morphology, as well as the inconsistency of the dental eruption with the patient's age. The radiographic examination showed alteration and delay in dental eruption, impaction of a tooth in the jaw, lack of root development and persistence of temporary teeth. The definitive medical diagnosis was BlochSulzberger Syndrome, also referred to as "pigmentary incontinence". This syndrome is characterized by presenting a variety of oral manifestations such as dental agenesis, alteration in dental morphology, retained and/or impacted teeth as well as alteration anddelay in dental eruption. At a systemic level, this syndrome has lesions that affect the skin, hair, vision, central nervous system, among others.

Paciente do sexo feminino, 13 anos, que compareceu ao Serviço de Odontopediatria do Instituto de Saúde Bucal do Hospital Central da Força Aérea do Peru, em setembro de 2018, devido à renovação da prótese parcial provisória utilizada por ela. por cinco meses. O exame clínico extraoral mostrou lesões cicatriciais na pele da região nasal; Durante a avaliação intraoral, a perda de múltiplos dentes, cristas edêntulas, extensas e finas, alterações na morfologia dentária, bem como a incongruência da erupção dentária com a idade do paciente foi evidente. O exame radiográfico mostrou alteração e atraso na erupção dentária, impactação de um dente na mandíbula, falta de desenvolvimento radicular e persistência de dentes temporários. O diagnóstico médico definitivo foi a síndrome de Bloch - Sulzberger, também conhecida como "incontinência pigmentar". A síndrome é caracterizada por apresentar uma variedade de manifestações bucais, como: agenesia dentária, alteração na morfologia dentária, retenção e / ou impacto dos dentes, bem como alteração e atraso na erupção dentária. Em nível sistêmico, essa síndrome apresenta lesões que afetam a pele, o cabelo, a visão, o sistema nervoso central, entre outros.

La erupción dentaria y sus factores influyentes / Affecting factors of dental eruption

La erupción de los dientes permanentes es un proceso seguido muy de cerca por padres y estomatólogos, principalmente por su ubicación definitiva en las arcadas dentarias. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de actualizar la información sobre el comportamiento de la cronología y secuencia de la erupción en la dentición permanente de los infantes, teniendo en cuenta las variables: sexo, raza y relación talla-peso.

Due to their definite position at the dental arcades, permanent teeth eruption is monitored by parents and dentistrys. They establish dates, order of appearance and variables´ influence. A bibliographic update about chronology behavior and eruption sequence of permanent teething was carried out, using the variables such as: sex, race and weight and size relation

Eruption hematoma in deciduous and permanent dentition: Case reports / Hematoma de erupção em dentição decídua e permanente: relato de casos clínicos

Cisto de erupção é um cisto de tecido mole decorrente de uma dilatação do espaço folicular em torno da coroa do dente em erupção, causado pelo acúmulo de líquido ou de sangue. Quando a cavidade cística que circunda a coroa do dente contém sangue, a lesão é denominada hematoma de erupção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar dois casos clínicos de hematomas de erupção, assintomáticos, um relacionado à dentição decídua e o outro à dentição permanente. O tratamento dos casos foi baseado no acompanhamento, sem necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica e foi observada a correta erupção dos dentes.

Eruption cyst is a soft tissue cyst, resulting from dilation of the follicular space around the crown of the erupting tooth, caused by the accumulation of fluid or blood. When the cystic cavity surrounding the crown of the tooth contains blood, the lesion is called an eruption hematoma. The objective of this study was to report two clinical cases of asymptomatic eruptive hematomas, one related to deciduous dentition and the other to permanent dentition. The treatment of the cases was based on follow-up, without the necessity of surgical intervention and the correct eruption of the teeth was observed.

A importância da equipe multidisciplinar no manejo clínico frente à alteração na cronologia de irrupção / The importance of a multidisciplinary team in the clinical management of chronological changes of teeth

A cronologia de irrupção é de fundamental importância em se tratando da busca por uma oclusão balanceada. Contudo, certas patologias podem alterar a cronologia e com isso influenciar o estabelecimento da oclusão. O odontoma é o tipo mais comum de tumor odontogênico, sendo representado por 70% dos casos cuja formação é definida como má-formação benigna. A localização mais frequente é observada na região anterior da maxila, sendo o dente canino o mais envolvido, entretanto exceções tem sido observada. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a importância da inter-relação de especialidades no diagnóstico e conduta frente à alterações na cronologia de irrupção de dentes permanentes. Realizou-se revisão da literatura sobre a temática, nas bases Medline via PubMed, SciELO e Bireme, até novembro de 2017. Os descritores utilizados foram "pediatric dentistry", "unerupted" e "dental eruption". Pode-se constatar a existência de poucos trabalhos descrevendo a importância da inter-relação entre especialidades, sendo mais divulgados revisões de literatura sobre determinadas patologias, bem como relatos de casos, com as condutas frente a existência de tais patologias. Diante do exposto, acredita-se que quando as especialidades trabalham em conjunto, o desdobramento do caso clínico faz-se de forma adequada, beneficiando o prognóstico, além de melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente.

The chronology of irruption has fundamental role when it is considered the balanced occlusion. However, some pathologies may alter the chronology and thereby influence the establishment of the occlusion. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of the interrelation of specialties in the diagnosis and management of changes in the chronology of permanent teeth eruption. In the first paper, a review of the literature on the subject was carried out in the Medline databases via PubMed, SciELO and Bireme, until November 2017. The descriptors used were "pediatric dentistry", "unerupted" e "dental eruption". It was possible to verify the existence of few studies describing the importance of the interrelation between specialties, being more published literature reviews on certain pathologies, as well as case reports, with managements used with such pathologies. It could be concluded that when the different specialties work together, the unfolding of the clinical case is done adequately, benefiting the prognosis, besides improving the quality of life of the patient.

Quiste dentígero maxilar: etiología, manejo quirúrgico y consideraciones especiales. Presentación de caso clínico / Maxillary dentigerous cyst: etiology, surgical management and special considerations. Presentation of a clinical case

El quiste dentígero deriva del epitelio reducido del esmalte que rodea a la corona de un diente no erupcionado, es una entidad patológica la cual se presenta en maxilar o mandíbula, siempre relacionado a la corona de un diente incluido. Presentamos un caso clínico de quiste dentígero en maxilar relacionado a un segundo premolar derecho, el cual se presentó como un hallazgo radiográfi co. El manejo fue de manera oportuna con biopsia excisional y extracción del diente incluido. Describimos su etiología, características clínicas e imagenológicas, técnica quirúrgica, análisis histopatológico y consideraciones especiales (AU)

Dentigerous cyst derives from the reduced epithelium of enamel that surrounds the crown of an unerupted tooth, is a pathological entity that occurs in maxilla and jaw. Always related to the crown of the included tooth. We present a clinical case of dentigerous cyst in the maxilla related to a second right premolar, which presented as a radiographic fi nding. Was handled in a timely manner with excisional biopsy and extraction of the included tooth. We describe its etiology, clinical and imaging characteristics, surgical technique, histopathology and special considerations (AU)

Factores de riesgo maternos y neonatales asociados al retardo de la dentición temporal / Maternal and neonatal risk factors associated with the temporary teething delay

Se realizó un estudio analítico, observacional, de casos y controles, en niños de los círculos infantiles Pétalos de Rosa y La Espiguita, pertenecientes al área de salud del Policlínico Docente Armando García Aspurú de Santiago de Cuba, durante el período de febrero de 2015 a marzo de 2016, con vistas a determinar los factores maternos y neonatales asociados al retraso en la aparición de dientes temporales. La población quedó conformada por 150 niños de 2do a 4to años de vida, de los cuales se tomaron 2 controles (N=100) por cada caso (N=50). En la serie se obtuvo asociación estadísticamente significativa de las variables estado nutricional de la madre, ganancia de peso de la madre, enfermedades maternas, lactancia materna y peso del niño al nacer, con la alteración del brote dentario temporal en los niños. Se recomendó realizar intervenciones educativas en los círculos infantiles y las comunidades para apoyar el trabajo del médico de la familia

An analytic, observational, of cases and controls study, in children from Pétalos de Rosa and La Espiguita day care centers, belonging to the health area of Armando García Aspurú Teaching Polyclinic was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, during February, 2015 to March, 2016, aimed at determining the maternal and neonatal factors associated with the delay in the emergence of the temporary teeth. The population was conformed by 150 children from 2nd to 4th years of life, from whom 2 controls were taken (N=100) for each case (N=50). In the series a statistically significant association of the variables mother's nutritional state, mother's weight gain, maternal diseases, breast feeding and child birth weight was obtained, with the disorder of the temporary teething eruption in the children. It was suggested to carry out educational interventions in the day care centers and communities to support the family doctor's work

Forensic dentistry methods to estimate the chronological age of individuals: a topic review / Métodos de odontología forense para estimar la edad cronológica de los individuos: revisión de tema

ABSTRACT. Introduction: global mobilization has created new needs. From sporting events to criminal matters, determining the chronological age of individuals is being used by forensic surgeons worldwide. The objective of the present study was to analyze the forensic methods to estimate the age of individuals, including the advantages and limitations of these methods. Method: a search was conducted in the Sistema de Bibliotecas de la Universidad Mayor (SIBUM): Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, ClinicalKey, and Science Direct Freedom Collection, selecting papers published from 1980 to 2014. A manual search was also conducted, including specific journals and texts in this field, with no limitation as to the year of publication. The inclusion criteria were research projects aimed at determining the chronological age of individuals through forensic analysis of oral tissues. All published texts in a language other than English were excluded. In total, 70 publications were analyzed. Technological advances have paved the way for the study of new parameters; however, the original ones identified by Gustafson in 1950 are still studied. Conclusions: most studied methods are invasive in some degree. In addition, none of these techniques is accurate in its own; therefore, the combination of different measurement techniques is recommended, opening a field of research on techniques that are less invasive and can be a complement to the existing ones. Finally, the available information lead to conclude that research on populations of African and Asian descent is lacking, which is a current challenge because of globalization, migration, and the heterogeneity of current populations.

RESUMEN. Introducción: la movilización global ha generado nuevas necesidades; desde eventos deportivos hasta asuntos criminales, determinar la edad cronológica de los individuos está siendo utilizado por forenses en todo el mundo. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en analizar los métodos forenses para la estimación de la edad de los individuos, incluyendo las ventajas y limitaciones de dichos métodos. Método: se realizó una búsqueda en el Sistema de Bibliotecas de la Universidad Mayor (SIBUM): Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source; ClinicalKey y Science Direct Freedom Collection, y se seleccionaron artículos publicados entre los años 1980 y 2014. Se hizo además una búsqueda manual, incluyendo revistas específicas y textos de la materia, sin limitación en cuanto al año de publicación. Como criterio de inclusión, se tuvieron en cuenta las investigaciones cuyo objetivo era determinar la edad cronológica de los individuos mediante el análisis forense de tejidos orales. Se excluyeron todos los textos publicados en otro idioma que no fuera inglés. En total, se analizaron 70 publicaciones. Los avances tecnológicos han permitido el estudio de nuevos parámetros; sin embargo, se siguen estudiando los originales identificados por Gustafson en 1950. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los métodos estudiados representan algún grado de invasión. Además, ninguna de estas técnicas es exacta por sí sola, por lo que se recomienda combinar distintas técnicas de medición, abriendo un campo de investigación a técnicas menos invasivas que puedan ser un complemento de las ya existentes. Finalmente, con la información disponible podemos determinar que faltan investigaciones sobre poblaciones de origen africano y asiático, lo que representa un desafío en la actualidad debido a la globalización, las migraciones y la heterogeneidad de las poblaciones actuales.

Cronología y secuencia de erupción de los primeros molares permanentes / Chronology and sequence of the first permanent molars eruption

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo desde septiembre de 2013 hasta marzo de 2015, para describir la cronología y secuencia de erupción de los primeros molares permanentes en 219 niñas y niños de preescolar, con edades de 4-5 años, que cursaban estudios en las instituciones educacionales pertenecientes al área de salud de la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada de Santiago de Cuba. Para ese fin se practicó un examen clínico no invasivo en los centros estudiantiles, donde se registró la emergencia de los dientes a examinar y se siguió en el tiempo hasta su llegada al plano de oclusión. Se calcularon porcentajes, medias (a través de la prueba estadística t de Student, con 95 por ciento de confianza) y desviaciones estándares. Entre los principales hallazgos figuraron que la edad media de erupción para los primeros molares fue de 5,25 y 5,31 años, para niñas y niños, respectivamente; y la secuencia de erupción: de 46, 36, 16 y 26, pero los molares inferiores brotaron antes que los superiores, validado por un valor significativo. Se concluyó que los alumnos estudiados mostraron adelanto en relación con las tablas de Mayoral y Moyers, sobre todo las niñas y que la secuencia resultó ser la misma en ambos sexos

An observational, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out from September, 2013 to March, 2015, to describe the chronology and sequence of the first permanent molars eruption in 219 preschool girls and boys, aged 4-5 years that studied in the educational institutions belonging to the health area of Mártires del Moncada Teaching Provincial Stomatological Clinic in Santiago de Cuba. A clinical non invasive exam was practiced in the schools, where the eruption of teeth in these children was registered and it was followed in time until their arrival to the occlusion plane. Percentages, means (through the statistical Student´s t test, with 95 percent of confidence) and standard deviations were calculated. Among the main findings were that the mean age of eruption for first molars was 5.25 and 5.31 years, for girls and boys, respectively; and the eruption sequence was 46, 36, 16 and 26, but lower molars erupted before the upper ones, validated by a significant value. It was concluded that the students showed advance in connection with Mayoral and Moyers charts, mainly the girls and that the sequence was the same in both sexes

Porphyromonas gingivalis na cavidade oral de neonatos da raça Bulldog Inglês / Porphyromonas gingivalis in the oral cavity of English bulldog newborn puppies

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is the most common disease of the oral cavity in cats and dogs, and it affects up to 80% of these animals. PD begins with the accumulation of bacteria on the surface of the teeth, and it poses a risk for the health of pets. Research on PD in dogs has focused on the identification and characterization of bacterial communities present in the oral cavity. Porphyromonas gingivalis is highly prevalent in the oral cavity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect P. gingivalis before and after dental eruption in 15 English bulldog newborn puppies, hoping to contribute to early guidance of oral hygiene management and prevent future PD. Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen English bulldog newborn puppies were used in this study. Two groups (G1 and G2) were formed with eight and seven puppies, respectively. Oral swab samples were taken from the maxillary incisor region of animals from G1 and G2 10 days after birth (T10). At this moment, the clinical evaluation of the oral cavity showed healthy gums with a thin, shiny, pinkish, and firm margin, without any odor or granular appearance, and with no tooth eruption. On postnatal day 25 (T25), a subgingival sample was collected with a Gracey curette from the maxillary incisors; the oral cavity examination revealed healthy gums and presence of gingival sulcus. Bilateral subgingival samples were also collected from the maxillary canines and fourth premolars of the dams at T10 and T25. All newborn puppies were fed maternal breast milk and supplementation exclusively with commercial milk for dogs in individual bottles. The dams were fed commercial dry food. The average weight of G1 and G2 at T10 was 625.87 ± 85.26 g and 543.50 ± 92.88 g, respectively, and 100% (15/15) of the animals were negative for PG as assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on oral swab samples. [...](AU)

Porphyromonas gingivalis in the Oral Cavity of English Bulldog Newborn Puppies

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is the most common disease of the oral cavity in cats and dogs, and it affects up to 80% of these animals. PD begins with the accumulation of bacteria on the surface of the teeth, and it poses a risk for the health of pets. Research on PD in dogs has focused on the identification and characterization of bacterial communities present in the oral cavity. Porphyromonas gingivalis is highly prevalent in the oral cavity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect P. gingivalis before and after dental eruption in 15 English bulldog newborn puppies, hoping to contribute to early guidance of oral hygiene management and prevent future PD.Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen English bulldog newborn puppies were used in this study. Two groups (G1 and G2) were formed with eight and seven puppies, respectively. Oral swab samples were taken from the maxillary incisor region of animals from G1 and G2 10 days after birth (T10). At this moment, the clinical evaluation of the oral cavity showed healthy gums with a thin, shiny, pinkish, and firm margin, without any odor or granular appearance, and with no tooth eruption. On postnatal day 25 (T25), a subgingival sample was collected with a Gracey curette from the maxillary incisors; the oral cavity examination revealed healthy gums and presence of gingival sulcus. Bilateral subgingival samples were als

Porphyromonas gingivalis na cavidade oral de neonatos da raça Bulldog Inglês / Porphyromonas gingivalis in the oral cavity of English bulldog newborn puppies

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is the most common disease of the oral cavity in cats and dogs, and it affects up to 80% of these animals. PD begins with the accumulation of bacteria on the surface of the teeth, and it poses a risk for the health of pets. Research on PD in dogs has focused on the identification and characterization of bacterial communities present in the oral cavity. Porphyromonas gingivalis is highly prevalent in the oral cavity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect P. gingivalis before and after dental eruption in 15 English bulldog newborn puppies, hoping to contribute to early guidance of oral hygiene management and prevent future PD. Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen English bulldog newborn puppies were used in this study. Two groups (G1 and G2) were formed with eight and seven puppies, respectively. Oral swab samples were taken from the maxillary incisor region of animals from G1 and G2 10 days after birth (T10). At this moment, the clinical evaluation of the oral cavity showed healthy gums with a thin, shiny, pinkish, and firm margin, without any odor or granular appearance, and with no tooth eruption. On postnatal day 25 (T25), a subgingival sample was collected with a Gracey curette from the maxillary incisors; the oral cavity examination revealed healthy gums and presence of gingival sulcus. Bilateral subgingival samples were also collected from the maxillary canines and fourth premolars of the dams at T10 and T25. All newborn puppies were fed maternal breast milk and supplementation exclusively with commercial milk for dogs in individual bottles. The dams were fed commercial dry food. The average weight of G1 and G2 at T10 was 625.87 ± 85.26 g and 543.50 ± 92.88 g, respectively, and 100% (15/15) of the animals were negative for PG as assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on oral swab samples. [...]

Porphyromonas gingivalis in the Oral Cavity of English Bulldog Newborn Puppies

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is the most common disease of the oral cavity in cats and dogs, and it affects up to 80% of these animals. PD begins with the accumulation of bacteria on the surface of the teeth, and it poses a risk for the health of pets. Research on PD in dogs has focused on the identification and characterization of bacterial communities present in the oral cavity. Porphyromonas gingivalis is highly prevalent in the oral cavity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect P. gingivalis before and after dental eruption in 15 English bulldog newborn puppies, hoping to contribute to early guidance of oral hygiene management and prevent future PD.Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen English bulldog newborn puppies were used in this study. Two groups (G1 and G2) were formed with eight and seven puppies, respectively. Oral swab samples were taken from the maxillary incisor region of animals from G1 and G2 10 days after birth (T10). At this moment, the clinical evaluation of the oral cavity showed healthy gums with a thin, shiny, pinkish, and firm margin, without any odor or granular appearance, and with no tooth eruption. On postnatal day 25 (T25), a subgingival sample was collected with a Gracey curette from the maxillary incisors; the oral cavity examination revealed healthy gums and presence of gingival sulcus. Bilateral subgingival samples were als

Porphyromonas gingivalis in the Oral Cavity of English Bulldog Newborn Puppies

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is the most common disease of the oral cavity in cats and dogs, and it affects up to 80% of these animals. PD begins with the accumulation of bacteria on the surface of the teeth, and it poses a risk for the health of pets. Research on PD in dogs has focused on the identification and characterization of bacterial communities present in the oral cavity. Porphyromonas gingivalis is highly prevalent in the oral cavity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect P. gingivalis before and after dental eruption in 15 English bulldog newborn puppies, hoping to contribute to early guidance of oral hygiene management and prevent future PD.Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen English bulldog newborn puppies were used in this study. Two groups (G1 and G2) were formed with eight and seven puppies, respectively. Oral swab samples were taken from the maxillary incisor region of animals from G1 and G2 10 days after birth (T10). At this moment, the clinical evaluation of the oral cavity showed healthy gums with a thin, shiny, pinkish, and firm margin, without any odor or granular appearance, and with no tooth eruption. On postnatal day 25 (T25), a subgingival sample was collected with a Gracey curette from the maxillary incisors; the oral cavity examination revealed healthy gums and presence of gingival sulcus. Bilateral subgingival samples were als

Porphyromonas gingivalis in the Oral Cavity of English Bulldog Newborn Puppies

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is the most common disease of the oral cavity in cats and dogs, and it affects up to 80% of these animals. PD begins with the accumulation of bacteria on the surface of the teeth, and it poses a risk for the health of pets. Research on PD in dogs has focused on the identification and characterization of bacterial communities present in the oral cavity. Porphyromonas gingivalis is highly prevalent in the oral cavity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect P. gingivalis before and after dental eruption in 15 English bulldog newborn puppies, hoping to contribute to early guidance of oral hygiene management and prevent future PD.Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen English bulldog newborn puppies were used in this study. Two groups (G1 and G2) were formed with eight and seven puppies, respectively. Oral swab samples were taken from the maxillary incisor region of animals from G1 and G2 10 days after birth (T10). At this moment, the clinical evaluation of the oral cavity showed healthy gums with a thin, shiny, pinkish, and firm margin, without any odor or granular appearance, and with no tooth eruption. On postnatal day 25 (T25), a subgingival sample was collected with a Gracey curette from the maxillary incisors; the oral cavity examination revealed healthy gums and presence of gingival sulcus. Bilateral subgingival samples were als

Porphyromonas gingivalis in the Oral Cavity of English Bulldog Newborn Puppies

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is the most common disease of the oral cavity in cats and dogs, and it affects up to 80% of these animals. PD begins with the accumulation of bacteria on the surface of the teeth, and it poses a risk for the health of pets. Research on PD in dogs has focused on the identification and characterization of bacterial communities present in the oral cavity. Porphyromonas gingivalis is highly prevalent in the oral cavity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect P. gingivalis before and after dental eruption in 15 English bulldog newborn puppies, hoping to contribute to early guidance of oral hygiene management and prevent future PD.Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen English bulldog newborn puppies were used in this study. Two groups (G1 and G2) were formed with eight and seven puppies, respectively. Oral swab samples were taken from the maxillary incisor region of animals from G1 and G2 10 days after birth (T10). At this moment, the clinical evaluation of the oral cavity showed healthy gums with a thin, shiny, pinkish, and firm margin, without any odor or granular appearance, and with no tooth eruption. On postnatal day 25 (T25), a subgingival sample was collected with a Gracey curette from the maxillary incisors; the oral cavity examination revealed healthy gums and presence of gingival sulcus. Bilateral subgingival samples were als

Porphyromonas gingivalis in the Oral Cavity of English Bulldog Newborn Puppies

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is the most common disease of the oral cavity in cats and dogs, and it affects up to 80% of these animals. PD begins with the accumulation of bacteria on the surface of the teeth, and it poses a risk for the health of pets. Research on PD in dogs has focused on the identification and characterization of bacterial communities present in the oral cavity. Porphyromonas gingivalis is highly prevalent in the oral cavity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect P. gingivalis before and after dental eruption in 15 English bulldog newborn puppies, hoping to contribute to early guidance of oral hygiene management and prevent future PD.Materials, Methods & Results: Fifteen English bulldog newborn puppies were used in this study. Two groups (G1 and G2) were formed with eight and seven puppies, respectively. Oral swab samples were taken from the maxillary incisor region of animals from G1 and G2 10 days after birth (T10). At this moment, the clinical evaluation of the oral cavity showed healthy gums with a thin, shiny, pinkish, and firm margin, without any odor or granular appearance, and with no tooth eruption. On postnatal day 25 (T25), a subgingival sample was collected with a Gracey curette from the maxillary incisors; the oral cavity examination revealed healthy gums and presence of gingival sulcus. Bilateral subgingival samples were als

Cronología de la erupción dentaria en un grupo de mestizos caucasoides de Cali (Colombia) / Chronology of dental eruption in a group of Caucasoid mestizos from Cali (Colombia)

Introducción: La erupción cronológica de los dientes deciduos y permanentes implica una serie de procesos sucedáneos que van desde la morfogénesis de cada diente hasta el establecimiento fisiológico de la oclusión dental. Sin embargo, se ha identificado que diferentes factores genéticos y medioambientales locales y regionales pueden alterar el proceso secuencial de erupción de los dientes respecto a la edad cronológica de los seres humanos. Objetivo: Caracterizar la cronología de la erupción dentaria en un grupo de mestizos caucasoides de Cali (Colombia). Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional de corte transversal que determinó el dimorfismo sexual, la simetría de arco y la simetría bilateral a partir de la observación y análisis de la cronología de la erupción dentaria en 355 radiografías panorámicas pertenecientes a un grupo de mestizos caucasoides (181 de individuos femeninos y 174 de masculinos) de la ciudad de Cali (Colombia) a través del método de Schour y Massler. Resultados: Al correlacionar la edad cronológica con la edad radiográfica, no se evidenciaron diferencias entre sexo, arco y lado en la cronología de erupción de los dientes deciduos y permanentes. Conclusiones: El método de Schour y Massler permitió evidenciar una alta correlación entre la edad dental y la edad cronológica, lo cual es de gran utilidad en el contexto clínico odontológico para hacer seguimiento de la salud buco-dento-maxilo- facial en armonía con el crecimiento y desarrollo postnatal, y en el contexto antropológico y forense para para la estimación de la edad como parte de la cuarteta básica de identificación y para la documentación de los dictámenes médicolegales de edad.

Background: The chronological eruption of the deciduous and permanent teeth involves a sequential process that go from the morphogenesis of each tooth to the physiological establishment of the dental occlusion. However, it has been identified that different local and regional genetic and environmental factors can alter the sequential process of eruption of the teeth with respect to the chronological age of human beings. Objective: Characterize the chronology of tooth eruption in a group of Caucasoid mestizos from Cali (Colombia). Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study that determined sexual dimorphism, arch symmetry and bilateral symmetry from the observation and analysis of the chronology of tooth eruption in 355 panoramic radiographs belonging to a group of Caucasoid mestizos (181 female and 174 men individuals) from the city of Cali (Colombia) through the method of Schour and Massler. Results: When correlating chronological age with radiographic age, no differences between sex, arch and side in the chronology of eruption of the deciduous and permanent teeth were found. Conclusions: The Schour and Massler method showed a high correlation between dental age and chronological age, which is very useful in the dental clinical context to monitor the oral-maxillofacial health in harmony with postnatal growth and development, and in the anthropological and forensic context for the estimation of age as part of the basic identification proceedings and for the documentation of medical-legal age opinion.