Effects of Acute Ingestion of Guarana (Paullinia Cupana) on Soccer Player Performance: A Randomized, Cross-over, Placebo-Controlled Study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acute effects of ingesting a beverage containing guarana (Paullinia cupana) seed powder on performance during field tests related to physical capacities that are determinants of soccer performance, such as lower limb power, sprint, agility, and the capacity to carry out intermittent exercise. METHODS: The study was conducted using a randomized, crossover, and counterbalanced design, with a beverage containing guarana or placebo administered in a double-blind manner. Twenty-seven under-17 soccer players of a professional soccer club performed a battery of tests 60 min after the ingestion of guarana (3 g of the fruit seed powder) or placebo. Trials were performed with a 7-day washout period. The battery of tests included a countermovement jump test, sprints of 10 and 20 m, an Illinois agility test, and a Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIR1). RESULTS: Guarana ingestion did not improve countermovement jump, sprints, or agility (p > 0.05). However, guarana ingestion increased the distance covered in the YYIR1, compared with placebo ingestion (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Acute ingestion of guarana improves the capacity to perform intermittent exercise in soccer players but seems to be ineffective to improve lower limb power, sprint, and agility.

Exploration of Microencapsulation of Arginine in Carnauba Wax (Copernicia prunifera) and Its Dietary Effect on the Quality of Beef.

The objective of this exploratory study was to assess if microencapsulated arginine influences the physicochemical quality of beef. The study included three genetic groups: Angus, Hereford, and Angus × Hereford crossbreed. Two encapsulation systems were used with carnauba wax, at ratios of 3:1 and 2:1, carnauba wax:core (arginine), respectively. A control treatment was also included with no arginine addition. Encapsulated arginine with a 3:1 ratio increased redness by 19.66 at 28 d aged beef compared to the control and 2:1 ratio with values of 18.55 and 16.77, respectively (p = 0.01). Encapsulated arginine at a 3:1 ratio showed the lowest meat shear force values with 24.32 N at 28 d of ageing (p < 0.001). The Angus breed also had a low value of 24.02 N (p < 0.001). Finally, the highest values of intramuscular fat were observed with the inclusion of arginine in a 3:1 ratio. The fat value reached 2.12% with a 3:1 ratio (p = 0.002), while in the Angus breed it was 1.59%. The addition of carnauba wax-encapsulated arginine can improve meat quality. It enhances red color, tenderness, and marbling in bovine meat.

Lippia sidoides essential oil at concentration of 0.25% provided improvements in microbiota and intestine integrity of Danio rerio.

The study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with Lippia sidoides essential oil on the microbiota and intestinal morphology of Danio rerio. For this, 448 fish were randomly distributed in 28 tanks divided into a control group fed a commercial diet without supplementation, a group fed a commercial diet containing grain alcohol and five groups fed a commercial diet containing essential oil of L. sidoides (LSEO) at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00% and 1.25%. After the period of dietary supplementation, biological materials were collected for microbiological and histological analyses. There were no significant differences regarding the microbiological count between the groups. Diversity of the microbiome was higher in 0.25% group than in control group. LSEO inhibited the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Fish fed LSEO0.25% showed greater intestinal histomorphometric indices. The inclusion of LSEO at 0.25% in the diet of D. rerio provided improvements in fish microbiota and intestine integrity.

O estudo avaliou os efeitos da suplementação dietária com óleo essencial de Lippia sidoides sobre a microbiota e a morfologia intestinal de Danio rerio. Para isso, 448 peixes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 28 tanques divididos em grupo controle alimentado com dieta comercial sem suplementação, grupo alimentado com dieta comercial contendo álcool de cereais e cinco grupos alimentados com dieta comercial contendo óleo essencial de L. sidoides (LSEO) em concentrações de 0,25%, 0,50%, 0,75%, 1,00% e 1,25%. Após o período de suplementação alimentar, foram coletadas amostras biológicas para análises microbiológicas e histológicas. Não houve diferenças significativas quanto à contagem microbiológica entre os grupos. A diversidade do microbioma foi maior no grupo de 0,25% do que no grupo controle. LSEO inibiu o crescimento de bactérias potencialmente patogênicas. Peixes alimentados com LSEO 0,25% apresentaram maiores índices histomorfométricos intestinais. A inclusão de LSEO a 0,25% na dieta de D. rerio proporcionou melhorias na microbiota e na integridade intestinal dos peixes.

Effects of acai supplementation (Euterpe precatoria Mart) on muscle recovery markers after jump protocol.

The objective was to evaluate the effects of acai supplementation (AS) on markers of muscle damage. Twelve men participated in the 21-day study. All performed the damage protocol (DP) in two moments, separated by 7 days. The DP consisted of 10 sets of 10 CMJs, with a recovery of 1 min between sets. The AS was performed for 7 days with 40 g/day of dehydrated acai (GA) or placebo (GP). Blood parameters (CK, LDH and Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity - TEAC) were evaluated at 0 h and 24 h. Ultrasound images (VL, RF and GM), DOMS in lower limbs and isometric peak torque (IPT) of knee extensors and flexors were evaluated at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after DP. A time-treatment interaction was observed for TEAC (p = 0.01), in which the GA presented increases of 11% after 24 h. Similarly, time-treatment interaction was observed for knee flexors IPT (p = 0.02), where GA showed superior recovery after 24 h (GA = 108 ± 23 vs. GP = 92 ± 24 N∙m) and 72 h (GA = 113 ± 31 vs. GP = 98 ± 26 N∙m). No significance was observed in the fatigue index for knee extensors (p = 0.75) and flexors (p = 0.89), indicating similar fatigue in both situations. We concluded that AS increased the TEAC and promoted faster recovery of the knee flexors IPT when compared to GP.

Efficacy and safety of Obex® in overweight and obese subjects: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Obex® may be helpful in reducing body weight and fat. The current study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Obex® in the treatment of overweight and obese subjects. METHODS: A double-blind, randomised, controlled phase III clinical trial was conducted involving 160 overweight and obese subjects (BMI ≥ 25.0 and < 40 kg/m2) aged 20 to 60 years, who received Obex® (n = 80) and placebo (n = 80) plus non-pharmacological treatment (physical activity and nutritional counseling). One sachet of Obex® or placebo were administered before the two main meals each day for 6 months. In addition to anthropometric measurements and blood pressure, fasting plasma and 2 h glucose levels during the oral glucose tolerance test, lipid profile, insulin, liver enzymes, creatinine, and uric acid (UA) were determined, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) beta-cell function (HOMA-ß) were assessed and insulin sensitivity (IS) was calculated with three indirect indexes. RESULTS: After 3 months of Obex®, 48.3% of the participants (28/58) achieved complete success in reducing both weight and waist circumference by greater than or equal to 5% from baseline, as opposed to 26.0% (13/50) of individuals receiving placebo (p = 0.022). Compared to baseline, at 6 months no differences were found between the groups concerning anthropometric and biochemical measurements, except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels, which were higher in subjects receiving Obex® compared to those receiving placebo (p = 0.030). After 6 months of treatment, both groups showed reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels (p < 0.012) compared to baseline value. However, only those intake Obex® showed reduced insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR, improved IS (p < 0.05), and decreased creatinine and UA levels (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of Obex® together with lifestyle changes increased HDL-c, contributed to a rapid reduction of weight and waist circumference, as well as improved insulin homeostasis, which did not occur in the placebo group, and appears to be safe as an adjunct at conventional obesity treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trial protocol was registered in the Cuban public registry of clinical trials under code RPCEC00000267 on 17/04/2018 and also registered in the international registry of clinical trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, under code: NCT03541005 on 30/05/2018.

Aceitabilidade da fortificação caseira da alimentação complementar no Brasil / The acceptability of home fortification for complementary feeding in Brazil / La aceptabilidad de la fortificación de la casa de alimentos complementarios en Brasil

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a percepção de mães sobre o uso e aceitabilidade de sachês com múltiplos micronutrientes em pó (MNP) na alimentação complementar para prevenção de anemia na infância. Método Estudo qualitativo com treze grupos focais conduzidos com 79 mães de crianças de 9 a 12 meses de idade atendidas na atenção básica à saúde em quatro cidades brasileiras. Os grupos focais foram realizados três meses após o início do uso dos sachês. Resultados Orientação prévia por parte dos profissionais de saúde facilitou a compreensão das mães sobre a importância do uso dos micronutrientes em pó e o esclarecimento de dúvidas. Muitas mães compararam o uso de MNP ao sulfato ferroso em xarope identificado pelas mães como responsável por efeitos colaterais às crianças (diarreia, vômitos, coloração nos dentes) e baixa aceitação por parte das crianças. As principais dificuldades relatadas por algumas mães foram relacionadas ao endurecimento das fezes e ao sabor alterado da comida percebido por algumas crianças após o uso do sachê em alimentos líquidos inadequados à fortificação com MNP. Conclusões A maioria das mães percebeu boa aceitação do sachê de micronutrientes pelas crianças.

ABSTRACT Objectives To describe the perception of mothers on the use and acceptability of sachets with multiple micronutrients in powder form (MNP) on complementary feeding to prevent childhood anemia. Method Qualitative study with thirteen focus groups conducted with 79 mothers of children 9-12 months of age attending at primary health care in four Brazilian cities. The focus groups were conducted three months after the beginning of the use of sachets. Results The prior guidance by health professionals facilitated the mothers' understanding of the importance of using micronutrients in powder and provided clarification. Many mothers compared the use of MNP with ferrous sulfate syrup, which some mothers identified as responsible for side effects in their children (diarrhea, vomiting, grayish teeth), and had low acceptance by children. The main difficulties reported by some mothers were related to hardening of the stool and changes in taste noted in their children using the sachet in liquid food inappropriate for fortification with MNP. Conclusions We conclude that most mothers perceived good acceptance of the sachet of micronutrients by children.

RESUMEN Objetivo Verificar la percepción de las madres sobre el uso y la aceptabilidad de los sobres con polvos de micronutrientes múltiples (MNP) en la alimentación complementaria para prevenir la anemia en la infancia. Método Estudio cualitativo con trece grupos focales realizado con 79 madres de niños de 9 a 12 meses atendidos en la atención primaria de salud en cuatro ciudades brasileñas. Los grupos focales se realizaron tres meses después de comenzar a usar los sobres. Resultados Orientaciones previas de profesionales de la salud facilitaron la comprensión de las madres sobre la importancia del uso de micronutrientes en polvo y aclararon dudas. Muchas madres compararon el uso de MNP con sulfato ferroso en jarabe identificado por las madres como responsable de efectos secundarios en los niños (diarrea, vómitos, tinción de dientes) y baja aceptación por parte de los niños. Las principales dificultades relatadas por algunas madres estaban relacionadas con el endurecimiento de las heces y el sabor alterado de los alimentos percibido por algunos niños después de usar el sobre en alimentos líquidos no aptos para la fortificación con MNP. Conclusiones La mayoría de las madres percibieron una buena aceptación del sobre de micronutrientes por parte de los niños.

Treatment of Resistant Acne Vulgaris in Adolescents Using Dietary Supplementation with Magnesium, Phosphate and Fatty Acids (Omega 6 and 7): Comparison with 13-Cis-Retinoic Acid.

The burden of disease associated with acne vulgaris has continued to increase over time in the world population. This continued growth suggests that there is an unmet dermatologic need for this condition worldwide. Potential sequelae of acne, such as scarring, depigmentation, and marked emotional and psychological problems (e.g., low self-esteem), can lead to significant morbidity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with magnesium, phosphate, omega 6 (linoleic acid calcium salt - C18:2 fatty acid Ca salt), and omega 7 (palmitoleic acid calcium salt - C16:1 fatty acid Ca salt) would help patients with acne vulgaris, and to compare with isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid). Magnesium has anti-inflammatory properties. Linoleic and palmitoleic acids have bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes (formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes). A single-blind randomized study was conducted in which 257 patients were treated with the above dietary supplementation (group A) and 275 patients with isotretinoin (group B) for 6 months. All patients in group A (100%) reported complete regression of symptoms after 6 months of treatment. On the other hand, 187 subjects (68%) in group B reported complete resolution of symptoms during the same period. The difference between the groups (p < 0.05) was statistically significant. The study was approved by the CEP/CONEP. This natural formulation promotes regression and/or cure of acne vulgaris symptoms and has better results than drugs (such as isotretinoin), without significant side effects.

Prevalence of dietary supplement consumption among CrossFit practitioners.

Purpose: We aimed to verify the prevalence of dietary supplements among CrossFit practitioners (CFPs), considering gender and training status. Still, we aimed to determine the type, reasons, and associated factors of dietary supplement utilization among CFPs. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study with the snowball sampling method. Data were collected through online questionnaires using the Google Forms® tool. We included CFPs aged 18-64 years, from Aug 1, 2020, to Sept 31, 2020. The questionnaire contained questions to assess the prevalence, type, and reasons for supplement use; also, we assessed information about sociodemographic variables and the prevalence of the main chronic morbidities. To analyze aspects of eating behavior and sleep-related parameters, we applied the three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ)-R21 and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI), respectively. Results: We assessed one hundred twelve (n = 112; 57 men; 55 women) CFPs (28.9 ± 7.64 years old; body mass index (BMI), 25.5 ± 4.83 kg/m2). Eighty-seven (50 men; 37 women; 28.2 ± 6.66 years old; BMI, 25.4 ± 4.55 kg/m2) reported using dietary supplements. Whey protein was the most used supplement (n = 70), followed by creatine (n = 54). Cognitive restraint (a dimension of eating behavior) score was higher in supplement users than in non-users (51.7 ± 18.6 vs. 42.6 ± 20.5; p = 0.040). Sleep-related parameters did not differ between supplement users and non-users. The most associated factors to supplement use were sex (being man; OR, 7.99; p = 0.007), sleep quality (poor; OR, 5.27; p = 0.045), CrossFit level (as prescribed (RX); OR, 4.51; p = 0.031), and cognitive restraint (OR, 1.03; p = 0.029). Conclusion: The CFPs, especially RX and Elite ones, showed a higher prevalence of supplement utilization. Anabolic-related supplements (i.e., whey protein and creatine) were the most used; moreover, several CFPs used supplements not supported by scientific evidence. Cognitive restraint score was higher in supplement users than in non-users. RX level, being men, and poor sleep quality were associated with supplement utilization. These data draw attention to the necessity of nutritional education for CrossFit coaches and athletes. Broader studies are necessary to confirm our findings.

Effects of Theacrine as a Pre-Workout Supplement.

The search to increase physical performance is inherent to physical activity practitioners, and nutrition features are among the alternatives to seeking such an increase. The literature from the area has shown that different substances can promote beneficial effects over physical performance. One substance that has come into the spotlight is theacrine, an alkaloid similar to caffeine, which aims to increase physical performance. However, the studies on this supplement are scarce. Therefore, this study is a randomized, controlled trial that aimed to verify the effects of theacrine supplementation over physical performance in young male athletes, by applying a battery of physical tests. Twenty-two male amateur flag-football athletes were recruited. Subjects were divided into two groups and assessed at two moments, which were 72 h apart. The first assessment served as a basal measurement. In the second, the subjects ingested the supplement or a placebo 60 min before the following tests: sextuple jump, agility T test, 30 m sprint, 40 s run test (Matsudo test), and 12 min run test (Cooper test). There was no difference between the groups in any of the tests. Therefore, the findings of this study do not support the use of theacrine to increase physical performance.

Effects of zinc supplementation on glycemic control and oxidative stress in experimental diabetes: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM), an important public health problem worldwide, can cause imbalances in the homeostasis of trace elements such as zinc (Zn). It is possible that an adequate nutritional status related to nutrients is essential for the normal functioning of antioxidant defense systems, and any change in the concentration of these substances could increase the chances of DM complications. OBJECTIVE: To present a review on the effect of zinc supplementation on glycemic control and oxidative stress in experimental diabetes. METHODS: This is a systematic review of articles that investigated the effects of zinc supplementation on glycemic control and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. The PICOS strategy was used for the development of the research question, and the Syrcle tool for the quality assessment of the studies included in the review. Articles available in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were included without restriction on year of publication. The Syrcle tool was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included in the review, seven of which evaluated glycemic control and oxidative stress after zinc supplementation, five only oxidative stress and three only glycemic control after zinc treatment. In all the studies included, diabetes was induced by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) at doses ranging from 40 to 100 mg/kg. Zinc supplementation was made in the diet or drinking water or by gavage or intraperitoneal injection. The most used doses were 100 mg/kg of body weight by gavage and 0.32 and 0.64 g/kg in diet. The supplementation period ranged from 14 days to 8 weeks. Six studies revealed that zinc supplementation decreased fasting blood glucose as well as insulin resistance; nine studies included in this review reported decreased MDA concentration; in five studies, there was an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GPx, SOD, GSH and catalase); and one of the studies reported a reduction in glycated hemoglobin. CONCLUSION: Zinc supplementation improved hyperglycemia and revealed a protective potential against oxidative stress associated with experimental diabetes.

Conhecimentos em nutrição para o esporte e consumo de suplementos por praticantes de musculação em uma rede de academias / Sports Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement Consumption by Resistance Training Practitioners at a Gym Chain

Conhecimentos em nutrição para o esporte e consumo de suplementos por praticantes de musculação em uma rede de academiasARTIGO ORIGINALErivan de Olivindo Cavalcante1, Maria Rosimar Teixeira Matos2Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou avaliar os conhecimentos em nutrição para o esporte e o consumo de suplementos alimentares entre praticantes de musculação de uma rede de academias. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 168 praticantes de musculação em três unidades de uma rede de academias de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Foram avaliados os conhecimentos em nutrição para o esporte e o consumo de suplementos através de um questionário estruturado, abordando os dados de identificação, informações sobre a prática de musculação e sobre a utilização de suplementos e questões objetivas acerca dos conhecimentos de nutrição para o esporte, sendo esses posteriormente classificados em baixo, moderado e alto, de acordo com pontuação obtida. A análise estatística foi realizada pela construção de frequências simples e relativas, médias e desvio-padrão, assim como por medidas de correlação, com significância fixada em 5%. Resultados: Observou-se que quase metade dos praticantes referiu o consumo de suplementos alimentares. Dentre os suplementos mais consumidos, destacaram-se os proteicos, estando o consumo independente de gênero, tempo de prática de musculação e conhecimentos em nutrição (p<0,05). A maioria dos indivíduos mostrou conhecimento moderado em nutrição, entretanto, observou-se dificuldade em associar os nutrientes com suas funções e suas utilizações para o esporte, principalmente quanto ao manejo proteico. Conclusão: Os achados deste estudo revelaram uma supervalorização do consumo proteico no âmbito da musculação, predispondo à adoção de práticas alimentares e de suplementação inadequadas. Faz-se necessária, assim, a elaboração e efetivação de ações de educação e assistência nutricional voltadas a esse público. (AU)

Objective: This study aims to assess knowledge on sports nutrition and dietary supplements consumption among resistance-training practitioners at a gym chain. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, carried out among 168 resistance-training practitioners in three units of a gym chain in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The participants' sports nutrition and supplement consumption knowledge was assessed using a structured questionnaire that addressed: identification data, information on training and supplement use, and objective questions on sports nutrition awareness, classifying the results as low, moderate and high, accordingly to the obtained scores. Statistical analysis was performed by simple and relative frequencies, mean, standard deviation, and correlation, with significance set as 5%. Results: It was observed that half of the respondents mentioned the consumption of dietary supplements. Among the most consumed, protein-based supplements were prominent, with consumption independent of gender, years of resistance training, and nutrition awareness (p<0.05). Most participants showed moderate nutrition knowledge, despite a perceivable difficulty in associating nutrients to their functions and sport-related uses, especially protein handling. Conclusion: These findings show an overvaluation of protein intake in the context of resistance training, which may lead to the adoption of inadequate dietary and supplementation practices. It is thus necessary to develop and implement education and nutrition assistance actions targeting this public (AU)

Nitrate Derived From Beetroot Juice Lowers Blood Pressure in Patients With Arterial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Although there are a considerable number of clinical studies on nitrate (NO3) rich beetroot juice (BRJ) and hypertension, it is difficult to indicate the real effects of NO3 from BRJ on the BP of hypertensive patients because there are still no estimates of the effects of NO3 derived from BRJ on the BP of hypertension patients. Objective: To clarify these effects, we developed a systematic literature review with a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Design: The searches were accomplished through EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and LILACS databases. The study included single or double-blinded RCTs and participants older than 18 years with hypertension [systolic BP (SBP) > 130 mmHg and diastolic BP (DBP) > 80 mmHg]. NO3 BRJ was required to be consumed in a format that possibly blinded participants/researchers. These studies should also report the SBP and DBP values (mmHg) measured before and after the treatment. Risk of Bias tools and GRADE were enforced. Results: Seven studies were included (218 participants). BRJ intervention time ranged from 3 to 60 days with daily dosages of 70-250 mL of BRJ. After the intervention with NO3 from BRJ, SBP underwent significant changes (p < 0.001) of -4.95 (95% CI: -8.88; -1.01) (GRADE: ⊕⊕⊕○ Moderate), but not for DBP (p = 0.06) -0.90 mmHg (95% CI: -3.16; 1.36) (GRADE: ⊕⊕⊕○ Moderate), compared to the control group. Conclusions: The NO3 derived from BRJ reduces SBP, but not DBP in patients with arterial hypertension. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=269339.

An overview on the correlation between blood zinc, zinc intake, zinc supplementation and bone mineral density in humans.

INTRODUCTION: In case of zinc (Zn) deficiency, this mineral becomes a nutrient limiting muscle and bone synthesis. The study in humans on zinc and bone health are few and no reviews have been published on this topic. So, the aim of this narrative review was to consider the state of the art on the correlation between blood zinc, daily zinc intake, zinc supplementation and bone mineral density. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A narrative review was performed. RESULTS: This review included 16 eligible studies: eight studies concern Zn blood; three studies concern Zn intake and five studies concern Zn supplementation. CONCLUSION: Blood zinc levels seem to be lower in subjects with pathology related to bone metabolism. Regarding daily zinc intake, a high proportion of the population, more than 20%, seems to be at risk of having inadequate zinc intake. The literature suggests that an insufficient zinc intake (less than 3 mg/day) could be a risk factor for fractures and for development of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Zinc supplementation (40-50 g/day) could have beneficial effects on bone health in terms of maintaining bone mineral density and faster healing in the event of fractures, with even better results in situations of reduced intake zinc through food.

INTRODUCCIÓN: En caso de deficiencia de zinc, se limitará la síntesis muscular y ósea. Los estudios en humanos sobre zinc y salud ósea son pocos y no se han publicado comentarios sobre este tema. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es considerar el estado de la técnica sobre la correlación entre el zinc en la sangre, la ingesta diaria de zinc, la suplementación de zinc y la densidad mineral ósea. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una revisión narrativa. RESULTADOS: Esta revisión incluyó 16 estudios elegibles: ocho se refieren al zinc en sangre; tres estudios se refieren a la ingesta de Zn y cinco estudios se refieren a la suplementación de Zn. CONCLUSIÓN: Los niveles de zinc en sangre parecen ser más bajos en sujetos con patología relacionada con el metabolismo óseo. En cuanto a la ingesta diaria de zinc, una alta proporción de la población, más de 20%, parece estar en riesgo de tener una ingesta inadecuada de zinc. La literatura sugiere que una ingesta insuficiente de zinc (menos de 3 mg/día) podría ser un factor de riesgo de fracturas y para el desarrollo de osteopenia y osteoporosis. La suplementación con zinc (40-50 g/día) podría tener efectos beneficiosos sobre la salud ósea para mantener la densidad mineral ósea y una curación más rápida en caso de fracturas, con resultados aún mejores en situaciones de reducción de la ingesta de zinc a través de los alimentos.

Dietary and Ergogenic Supplementation to Improve Elite Soccer Players' Performance.

BACKGROUND: Soccer is an extremely competitive sport, where the most match important moments can be defined in detail. Use of ergogenic supplements can be crucial to improve the performance of a high-performance athlete. Therefore, knowing which ergogenic supplements are important for soccer players can be an interesting strategy to maintain high level in this sport until final and decisive moments of the match. In addition, other supplements, such as dietary supplements, have been studied and increasingly referenced in the scientific literature. But, what if ergogenic supplements were combined with dietary supplements? This review brings some recommendations to improve performance of soccer athletes on the field through dietary and/or ergogenic supplements that can be used simultaneously. SUMMARY: Soccer is a competitive sport, where the match important moments can be defined in detail. Thus, use of ergogenic supplements covered in this review can improve performance of elite soccer players maintaining high level in the match until final moments, such as creatine 3-5 g day-1, caffeine 3-6 mg kg-1 BW around 60 min before the match, sodium bicarbonate 0.1-0.4 g kg-1 BW starting from 30 to 180 min before the match, ß-alanine 3.2 and 6.4 g day-1 provided in the sustained-release tablets divided into 4 times a day, and nitrate-rich beetroot juice 60 g in 200 mL of water (6 mmol of NO3- L) around 120 min before match or training, including a combination possible with taurine 50 mg kg-1 BW day-1, citrulline 1.2-3.4 g day-1, and arginine 1.2-6 g day-1. Key Messages: Soccer athletes can combine ergogenic and dietary supplements to improve their performance on the field. The ergogenic and dietary supplements used in a scientifically recommended dose did not demonstrate relevant side effects. The use of various evidence-based supplements can add up to further improvement in the performance of the elite soccer players.

An overview on the correlation between blood zinc, zinc intake, zinc supplementation and bone mineral density in humans / Una visión general sobre la correlación entre el zinc en la sangre, la ingesta de zinc, la suplementación de zinc y la densidad mineral ósea en los seres humanos

Abstract: Introduction: In case of zinc (Zn) deficiency, this mineral becomes a nutrient limiting muscle and bone synthesis. The study in humans on zinc and bone health are few and no reviews have been published on this topic. So, the aim of this narrative review was to consider the state of the art on the correlation between blood zinc, daily zinc intake, zinc supplementation and bone mineral density. Material and methods: A narrative review was performed. Results: This review included 16 eligible studies: eight studies concern Zn blood; three studies concern Zn intake and five studies concern Zn supplementation. Conclusion: Blood zinc levels seem to be lower in subjects with pathology related to bone metabolism. Regarding daily zinc intake, a high proportion of the population, more than 20%, seems to be at risk of having inadequate zinc intake. The literature suggests that an insufficient zinc intake (less than 3 mg/day) could be a risk factor for fractures and for development of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Zinc supplementation (40-50 g/day) could have beneficial effects on bone health in terms of maintaining bone mineral density and faster healing in the event of fractures, with even better results in situations of reduced intake zinc through food.

Resumen: Introducción: En caso de deficiencia de zinc, se limitará la síntesis muscular y ósea. Los estudios en humanos sobre zinc y salud ósea son pocos y no se han publicado comentarios sobre este tema. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es considerar el estado de la técnica sobre la correlación entre el zinc en la sangre, la ingesta diaria de zinc, la suplementación de zinc y la densidad mineral ósea. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa. Resultados: Esta revisión incluyó 16 estudios elegibles: ocho se refieren al zinc en sangre; tres estudios se refieren a la ingesta de Zn y cinco estudios se refieren a la suplementación de Zn. Conclusión: Los niveles de zinc en sangre parecen ser más bajos en sujetos con patología relacionada con el metabolismo óseo. En cuanto a la ingesta diaria de zinc, una alta proporción de la población, más de 20%, parece estar en riesgo de tener una ingesta inadecuada de zinc. La literatura sugiere que una ingesta insuficiente de zinc (menos de 3 mg/día) podría ser un factor de riesgo de fracturas y para el desarrollo de osteopenia y osteoporosis. La suplementación con zinc (40-50 g/día) podría tener efectos beneficiosos sobre la salud ósea para mantener la densidad mineral ósea y una curación más rápida en caso de fracturas, con resultados aún mejores en situaciones de reducción de la ingesta de zinc a través de los alimentos.

Dietary supplementation with whey protein improves systemic microvascular function in heart failure patients: a pilot study

Endothelial dysfunction is a well-known component of the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF), with proven prognostic value. Dietary supplementation with whey protein (WP) has been widely used to increase skeletal muscle mass, but it also has vascular effects, which are less understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of WP supplementation on the systemic microvascular function of HF patients. This was a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial that evaluated the effects of 12-week WP dietary supplementation on systemic microvascular function, in patients with HF New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes I/II. Cutaneous microvascular flow and reactivity were assessed using laser speckle contrast imaging, coupled with pharmacological local vasodilator stimuli. Fifteen patients (aged 64.5±6.2 years, 11 males) received WP supplementation and ten patients (aged 68.2±8.8 years, 8 males) received placebo (maltodextrin). The increase in endothelial-dependent microvascular vasodilation, induced by skin iontophoresis of acetylcholine, was improved after WP (P=0.03) but not placebo (P=0.37) supplementation. Moreover, endothelial-independent microvascular vasodilation induced by skin iontophoresis of sodium nitroprusside, was also enhanced after WP (P=0.04) but not placebo (P=0.42) supplementation. The results suggested that dietary supplementation with WP improved systemic microvascular function in patients with HF.

High concentration of levamisole in the diet of Colossoma macropomum (Pisces: Serrasalmidae) is effective for controlling monogenean parasites / Alta concentração de levamisol na dieta de Colossoma macropomum (Pisces: Serrasalmidae) é efetiva para controlar parasitos monogenea

Abstract This study investigated the effects of diets supplemented with levamisole on monogeneans on the gills of Colossoma macropomum. Fish were fed with diets containing levamisole at concentrations of 0, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 mg kg-1 for 24, 96 and 240 h and the infection by Anacanthorus spatulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis and Mymarothecium boegeri were evaluated. None of the levamisole concentrations caused either mortality or behavioral alterations in fishes during 240 h of feeding. After 24 h of feeding with 1200 mg kg-1 of levamisole, the abundance of N. janauachensis decreased in comparison with treatments of 0, 300, 600 and 900 mg kg-1, as did the abundance of M. boegeri after 240 h of feeding with 1200 mg kg-1 of levamisole. The efficacy of 900 mg kg-1 of levamisole was only 55.7% after 96 h of feeding, but it was 84.6% after 240 h of feeding with 1200 mg kg-1. Our results show that 1200 mg kg-1 of levamisole for 10 days has good anthelmintic efficacy against monogeneans of C. macropomum. Since monogeneans elicit some of the worst problems in C. macropomum, this study has provided evidence of an effective control method that may be used in fish farms.

Resumo Este estudo investigou os efeitos de dietas suplementadas com levamisol na infecção por monogeneas nas brânquias de Colossoma macropomum. Os peixes foram alimentados com dietas contendo 0, 300, 600, 900 e 1200 mg kg-1 de levamisol por 24, 96 e 240 h e os níveis de infecção por Anacanthorus spatulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis e Mymarothecium boegeri, foram avaliados. Nenhuma das concentrações de levamisol causou mortalidade ou alterações comportamentais nos peixes durante 240 h de alimentação. Após 24 h de alimentação com 1.200 mg kg-1 de levamisol, a abundância de N. janauachensis diminuiu quando comparada aos tratamentos com 0, 300, 600 e 900 mg kg-1, bem como a abundância de M. boegeri após 240 h de alimentação com 1200 mg kg-1 de levamisol. A eficácia de 900 mg kg-1 de levamisol foi somente de 55,7% após 96 h de alimentação, mas foi de 84,6% após 240 h de alimentação com 1200 mg kg-1. Os resultados mostram que 1200 mg kg-1 de levamisol durante 10 dias, tem uma boa eficácia antihelmíntica contra monogeneas de C. macropomum. Como monogeneas provocam alguns dos piores problemas em C. macropomum, este estudo forneceu evidências de um método de controle eficaz que pode ser usado em pisciculturas.

Thymol supplementation effects on adrenocortical, immune and biochemical variables recovery in Japanese quail after exposure to chronic heat stress.

Chronic heat stress (CHS) exposure negatively impairs avian' immunoneuroendocrine interplay. Thymol has shown several bioactive properties including antioxidant, bactericidal, antifungal and gamma-aminobutyric acid modulator activities. Indeed, supplementation with thymol has been used with positive effects on poultry production and immune-related variables. This study evaluates whether a thymol dietary supplementation can be used as a new functional feed strategy to mitigate CHS deleterious effects on endocrine, biochemical and immune-related variables. Starting at 100 days of age, 24 fully adult Japanese quail were fed with a diet supplemented with thymol (≈80 mg/quail per day) and other 24 quail remained non-supplemented (control diet). Between 119 and 127 days of age, half of the quail within those groups were submitted to a CHS by increasing environmental temperature from 24°C to 34°C during the light phase and the other half remained at 24°C (non-stressed controls). A period of 3 days after CHS ended (during the recovery period), corticosterone, albumin, total proteins and globulins and glucose concentrations, inflammatory response, antibody production and heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio were assessed. No differences between groups were found in basal corticosterone concentrations. Total proteins, total globulins and glucose concentrations were found elevated in the previously CHS group compared with their control counterparts. Regardless of the previous CHS exposure, thymol supplementation increased albumin concentrations and inflammatory responses and decreased antibody titers. An interaction between thymol supplementation and prior CHS exposure was found on the H/L ratio. Quail previously exposed to CHS and supplemented with thymol showed similar H/L values than their control non-stressed counterparts, suggesting that thymol has a stress preventive effect on this variable. The present findings together with the already reported thymol bioactive properties, suggest that feed supplementation with this compound could be a useful strategy to help overcoming some of the CHS induced alterations.

White grape juice increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and reduces body mass index and abdominal and waist circumference in women.

OBJECTIVES: Grape juice is a drink that is rich in phenolic compounds, which are important natural antioxidants that reduce the incidence of diseases linked to oxidative stress including cardiovascular disease. Studies on the effects of purple grape juice supplementation have already been conducted; however, there are no data on the effects of the consumption of white grape juice (WGJ) to date. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of WGJ supplementation on body mass index, waist and abdominal circumference, blood pressure and glucose, insulin, oxidative damage, and lipid profile in women. METHODS: A total of 25 women, ages 50 to 67 y, were included in this study. The volunteers were instructed to consume 7 mL/Kg/d of WGJ (Vitis labrusca) without other changes in diet energy consumption or habitual lifestyle. The supplementation occurred over 30 d. Anthropometric data and blood samples were collected before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Supplementation with WGJ reduced the women's body mass index and waist and abdominal circumference (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in blood pressure before and after the consumption of WGJ. In addition, no changes in blood glucose, insulin, and levels of oxidative damage were found. Women who supplemented with WGJ showed an increase of 16% in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that the consumption of WGJ can improve metabolic parameters in women, which may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

High concentration of levamisole in the diet of Colossoma macropomum (Pisces: Serrasalmidae) is effective for controlling monogenean parasites / Alta concentração de levamisol na dieta de Colossoma macropomum (Pisces: Serrasalmidae) é efetiva para controlar parasitos monogenea

This study investigated the effects of diets supplemented with levamisole on monogeneans on the gills of Colossoma macropomum. Fish were fed with diets containing levamisole at concentrations of 0, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 mg kg-1 for 24, 96 and 240 h and the infection by Anacanthorus spatulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis and Mymarothecium boegeri were evaluated. None of the levamisole concentrations caused either mortality or behavioral alterations in fishes during 240 h of feeding. After 24 h of feeding with 1200 mg kg-1 of levamisole, the abundance of N. janauachensis decreased in comparison with treatments of 0, 300, 600 and 900 mg kg-1, as did the abundance of M. boegeri after 240 h of feeding with 1200 mg kg-1 of levamisole. The efficacy of 900 mg kg-1 of levamisole was only 55.7% after 96 h of feeding, but it was 84.6% after 240 h of feeding with 1200 mg kg-1. Our results show that 1200 mg kg-1 of levamisole for 10 days has good anthelmintic efficacy against monogeneans of C. macropomum. Since monogeneans elicit some of the worst problems in C. macropomum, this study has provided evidence of an effective control method that may be used in fish farms.(AU)

Este estudo investigou os efeitos de dietas suplementadas com levamisol na infecção por monogeneas nas brânquias de Colossoma macropomum. Os peixes foram alimentados com dietas contendo 0, 300, 600, 900 e 1200 mg kg-1 de levamisol por 24, 96 e 240 h e os níveis de infecção por Anacanthorus spatulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis e Mymarothecium boegeri, foram avaliados. Nenhuma das concentrações de levamisol causou mortalidade ou alterações comportamentais nos peixes durante 240 h de alimentação. Após 24 h de alimentação com 1.200 mg kg-1 de levamisol, a abundância de N. janauachensis diminuiu quando comparada aos tratamentos com 0, 300, 600 e 900 mg kg-1, bem como a abundância de M. boegeri após 240 h de alimentação com 1200 mg kg-1 de levamisol. A eficácia de 900 mg kg-1 de levamisol foi somente de 55,7% após 96 h de alimentação, mas foi de 84,6% após 240 h de alimentação com 1200 mg kg-1. Os resultados mostram que 1200 mg kg-1 de levamisol durante 10 dias, tem uma boa eficácia antihelmíntica contra monogeneas de C. macropomum. Como monogeneas provocam alguns dos piores problemas em C. macropomum, este estudo forneceu evidências de um método de controle eficaz que pode ser usado em pisciculturas.(AU)