Porphyrin-BODIPY Dyad: Enhancing Photodynamic Inactivation via Antenna Effect.

A porphyrin-BODIPY dyad (P-BDP) was obtained through covalent bonding, featuring a two-segment design comprising a light-harvesting antenna system connected to an energy acceptor unit. The absorption spectrum of P-BDP resulted from an overlap of the individual spectra of its constituent parts, with the fluorescence emission of the BODIPY unit experiencing significant quenching (96 %) due to the presence of the porphyrin unit. Spectroscopic, computational, and redox investigations revealed a competition between photoinduced energy and electron transfer processes. The dyad demonstrated the capability to sensitize both singlet molecular oxygen and superoxide radical anions. Additionally, P-BDP effectively induced the photooxidation of L-tryptophan. In suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus cells, the dyad led to a reduction of over 3.5 log (99.99 %) in cell survival following 30 min of irradiation with green light. Photodynamic inactivation caused by P-BDP was also extended to the individual bacterium level, focusing on bacterial cells adhered to a surface. This dyad successfully achieved the total elimination of the bacteria upon 20 min of irradiation. Therefore, P-BDP presents an interesting photosensitizing structure that takes advantage of the light-harvesting antenna properties of the BODIPY unit combined with porphyrin, offering potential to enhance photoinactivation of bacteria.

Emotional interdependence: the key to studying extrinsic emotion regulation.

The literature on extrinsic emotion regulation or the intention to modify other people's emotions has grown in recent years, accompanied by proposals in which its definition is made more precise, the way to understand it in relation to other related processes is delimited, and the consequences of its use in the quality of close relationships are evidenced. Conceptual reviews on this topic recognize the importance of examining the affect and dyadic dynamics that arise between those who regulate each other extrinsically. This dynamic refers to emotional interdependence, the potential of the members of a dyad to shape each other's emotions reciprocally, particularly in those who share a close bond, such as that of a romantic couple. There is little theoretical development regarding the relevance of this characteristic in relation to EER. This article has two objectives: (1) to make a narrative synthesis of the characteristics that define EER and (2) to expand and complexify the existing model by including the emotional interdependence as a vital component in the understanding of the functioning of EER. Lastly, the role of emotional interdependence in the emergence, maintenance, and satisfaction concerning couple relationships is made explicit through phenomena such as shared reality.

The Effects of Prenatal Diagnosis on the Interaction of the Mother-Infant Dyad: A Longitudinal Study of Prenatal Care in the First Year of Life.

Introduction: Mother-child interactions during the first years of life have a significant impact on the emotional and cognitive development of the child. In this work, we study how a prenatal diagnosis of malformation may affect maternal representations and the quality of these early interactions. To this end, we conducted a longitudinal observational study of mother-child interactions from the gestational stage until the baby completed 12 months of age. Participants and Methods: We recruited 250 pregnant women from a local university hospital. Among them, 50 mother-infant dyads participated in all stages of the study. The study group consisted of 25 pregnant women with fetuses with some structural alteration and the control group consisted of 25 pregnant women with fetuses without structural anomalies. We collected obstetric and socio demographic data and pregnancy outcomes. Anxiety and depressive state data were collected using the COVI and Raskin Scales. We video-recorded the mother-infant interactions during several stages, including when the child was a newborn and when the child was 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. The quality of the mother infant interactions were measured using the Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB). The interactive moments recorded on video was composed of three different activities, each one lasting appoximately 3 min, which included (1) Free Interaction, where the mother was instructed to interact "as usual" without any toy, (2) Toy Interaction, where the mother and baby played with a puppv, and (3) Song Interaction, where the mother and baby interacted while the mother sang the "Happy Birthday" song. Results: In the gestational phase, there was a significant difference between the groups with respect to anxiety and depression scores, which were significantly higher for the study group. In the postnatal phase, we found significant differences between the groups with respect to CIB scales after the child completed 6 months of age: the study group presented significantly higher values of Maternal Sensitivity at 6 months of age, of Baby Involvement at 9 and 12 months of age, and of Dyadic Reciprocity at 6, 9, and 12 months of age, while the control group presented significantly higher values of Withdrawal of the Baby at 6 months of age, and of Dyadic Negative States at 6 and 9 months of age. Conclusion: The support offered by the study favored the mother-infant bond and had a positive effect on the quality of interaction during the first year of life, despite the presence of prenatal diagnosis.

BOPHY-Fullerene C60 Dyad as a Photosensitizer for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy.

A novel BOPHY-fullerene C60 dyad (BP-C60 ) was designed as a heavy-atom-free photosensitizer (PS) with potential uses in photodynamic treatment and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated applications. BP-C60 consists of a BOPHY fluorophore covalently attached to a C60 moiety through a pyrrolidine ring. The BOPHY core works as a visible-light-harvesting antenna, while the fullerene C60 subunit elicits the photodynamic action. This fluorophore-fullerene cycloadduct, obtained by a straightforward synthetic route, was fully characterized and compared with its individual counterparts. The restricted rotation around the single bond connecting the BOPHY and pyrrolidine moieties led to the formation of two atropisomers. Spectroscopic, electrochemical, and computational studies disclose an efficient photoinduced energy/electron transfer process from BOPHY to fullerene C60 . Photodynamic studies indicate that BP-C60 produces ROS by both photomechanisms (type I and type II). Moreover, the dyad exhibits higher ROS production efficiency than its individual constitutional components. Preliminary screening of photodynamic inactivation on bacteria models (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) demonstrated the ability of this dyad to be used as a heavy-atom-free PS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that not only a BOPHY-fullerene C60 dyad is reported, but also that a BOPHY derivative is applied to photoinactivate microorganisms. This study lays the foundations for the development of new BOPHY-based PSs with plausible applications in the medical field.

Emotional interdependence: the key to studying extrinsic emotion regulation

The literature on extrinsic emotion regulation or the intention to modify other people's emotions has grown in recent years, accompanied by proposals in which its definition is made more precise, the way to understand it in relation to other related processes is delimited, and the consequences of its use in the quality of close relationships are evidenced. Conceptual reviews on this topic recognize the importance of examining the affect and dyadic dynamics that arise between those who regulate each other extrinsically. This dynamic refers to emotional interdependence, the potential of the members of a dyad to shape each other's emotions reciprocally, particularly in those who share a close bond, such as that of a romantic couple. There is little theoretical development regarding the relevance of this characteristic in relation to EER. This article has two objectives: (1) to make a narrative synthesis of the characteristics that define EER and (2) to expand and complexify the existing model by including the emotional interdependence as a vital component in the understanding of the functioning of EER. Lastly, the role of emotional interdependence in the emergence, maintenance, and satisfaction concerning couple relationships is made explicit through phenomena such as shared reality. (AU)

Maternal height and double-burden of malnutrition households in Mexico: stunted children with overweight or obese mothers.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between short maternal height and four types of mother-child nutritional status groupings within Mexican households. DESIGN: We classified mother-child dyads into four groups: stunted child and a non-overweight/non-obese mother (stunting-only), non-stunted child and an overweight/obese mother (overweight-only), stunted child with an overweight/obese mother (double-burden) and households with neither child stunting nor overweight/obese mothers (neither-condition). We assessed the association between maternal height and mother-child nutrition status using multinomial logistic regression, controlling for socio-economic covariates. SETTING: Nationally representative cross-section of households from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey. PARTICIPANTS: Children <5 years of age were matched to their mothers, resulting in a sample of 4706 mother-child dyads. RESULTS: We found that among children with stunting, 53·3% have an overweight/obese mother. Double-burden was observed in 8·1% of Mexican households. Maternal short stature increased the probability of stunting-only by 3·5% points (p.p.) and double-burden by 9·7 p.p. (P < 0·05). The inverse association was observed for overweight-only and neither-condition households, where the probability of these outcomes decreased by 7·2 and 6 p.p. in households with short-statured mothers (P < 0·05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Women with short stature are more likely to develop overweight and simultaneously have a stunted child than those who are not short-statured. Our findings underline the challenges faced by public health systems, which have to balance the provision of services for both an undernourished and increasingly overweight/obese population.

The Relationship Between Mother-Child Bonding Impairment and Suicidal Ideation in São Paulo, Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between mother-child bonding at 6-9 months after birth and suicidal ideation METHODS: A cross-sectional study embedded in a clinical trial with 358 low-income postpartum women who had antenatal depression in São Paulo, Brazil. The Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used RESULTS: The percentage of the main outcome, suicidal ideation (SI) was 10.3%. Using logistic regression models, bonding impairment (BI) was associated with SI even after controlling for postpartum depression and other covariates. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: SI affects 10% of vulnerable postpartum women. BI is independently associated with SI. Treating BI may prevent SI.

Interaction of aromatic compounds and anions with naphthylimide-dansylamide fluorescent dyad: Experimental evidence of aryl C-H π and aryl C-H anion contacts and DFT calculations.

In this work the interaction of halide anions and simple aromatic compounds with a bichromophoric fluorescent dyad derived from 1,8-naphthalimide (NAPIM) and 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl (DANS) was studied using electronic spectroscopy, 1H, and 19F NMR spectroscopy and quantum chemistry modeling (b3lyp/def2-TZVP). The NAPIM-DANS dyad interacts with electron-rich guests with binding constants in the range of 6×103 to 8×103M-1 in CHCl3. The formed complexes are stabilized through aryl C-H … anion and aryl C-H … π interactions.

Postpartum bonding at the beginning of the second year of child's life: the role of postpartum depression and early bonding impairment.

Background: We evaluated the association between mother-child bonding and maternal depression at 6-8 months after birth with bonding impairment at 12-15 months in a sample of mothers at high risk of postnatal depression.Methods: A prospective cohort study with 346 low-income postpartum women with antenatal depression. The Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used, at 6-8 and 12-15 months after delivery, to assess the mother-infant bonding and postnatal depression (PPD), respectively.Results: The percentage of the main outcome, bonding impairment (BI) at 12-15 months, was 9.9% (95% CI 6.6-13.7). Using logistic regression models, BI was associated with: having an occupation (OR = 2.82; 95% CI 1.00-7.94, p = .049), unplanned pregnancy (OR = 3.46; 95% CI 1.01-11.8, p = .047), and presence of BI at 6-8 months (OR= 13.0; 95% CI 3.76-45.4, p ≤ .001). Maternal depression was marginally associated with BI at 12-15 months.Conclusions: BI affects 1 in 10 mothers, and although BI and PPD are strongly associated at 6-8 and 12-15 months after delivery, BI at 6-8 months is the main predictor of later BI. Based on the study findings, PPD screening in combination with BI assessment is highly recommended during the first year of child's life.

Dietary Diversity, Food Security, and Body Image among Women and Children on San Cristobal Island, Galapagos.

OBJECTIVES: We conducted a study of the food environment and nutritional status among women and children living on a Galapagos Island. Anthropometric and body silhouette data give insight into body size perceptions for women and their young children. We frame our findings in the context of the nutrition transition. METHODS: A convenience sample was recruited via word-of-mouth for in-depth interviews and assessments of household food security, dietary intake, anthropometrics, and body image. Interviews took place in 2011 on San Cristobal Island, one of four inhabited islands in the Galapagos archipelago. Twenty women with children between the ages of one and six participated, all permanent residents of San Cristobal Island. RESULTS: Most women (60%) reported limited availability of fresh produce due to an unreliable food supply shipped from mainland Ecuador. Despite reported food insecurity in our sample (55%), more than half of the children (55%) experienced high dietary diversity measured by 24 h recall. Women tended to report less dietary diversity than their children, which may be linked to a stated desire to be thinner. Eighty percent of children were classified as normal weight, while 75% of women were overweight or obese. Conclusions for Practice: Results provide an initial survey of the food landscape on one Galapagos Island. By combining qualitative interviews with indicators of nutritional status, the narrative data allow an interpretation of issues of food security, dietary intakes, dietary diversity, and body size. This study forms the basis for a larger examination of these issues in the Galapagos islands.

Psychoanalytic enactments: how psychoanalysts understand, identify and work through enactments / Enactment psicanalítico: como psicanalistas entendem, identificam e elaboram / Enactment psicoanalítico: cómo los psicoanalistas entienden, identifican y elaboran

Studies on psychoanalysis are essential and have shown the efficacy of these practices. The psychological functioning of the dyad is always present during this process, expressed through transference, countertransference, projective identification, analytic field, and, more recently, enactments. Objective: To describe how psychoanalysts understand, identify and work through the phenomenon of enactment. Participants: Eight psychoanalysts: two are in training, four are associate members and two training analysts. The anonymity of the participants was assured in the Declaration of Free and Informed Consent. Method: Consisted of a qualitative and descriptive study, the data being interpreted through content analysis (Bardin, 1977). Eight face-to-face semi-structured interviews were held. Results: three final categories of responses: Theoretical Bases, Technical Bases and Level of Experience. Enactment is understood and expressed through the "playing out" of mental conflicts. It possible to detect the patterns of the object relations, brought into the concrete reality of the transferential and countertransferential relationships through projective identification. If enactments are not interpreted, they block the evolution of the therapeutic process, with collusions or impasses between the analytic pair. The interviewees consider it technically useful, as it favours interpretation in the hereand-now of the analytic situation. The length of time of professional work and personal investment for broadening knowledge both promote in the analysts an attitude in which the technique they learned can be used with more security. Enactment is characterised as one of the most current mechanisms that reflect todays emphasis in psychoanalysis on the relationship between the members of the therapeutic dyad.(AU)

Estudos sobre psicanálise são essenciais e demonstram a eficácia dessas práticas. O funcionamento psicológico da díade analítica/psicoterapêutica está sempre presente durante esse processo, expresso por transferência, contratransferência, identificação projetiva, campo analítico e, mais recentemente, enactments. Objetivo: Descrever como os psicanalistas compreendem, identificam e elaboram o fenômeno enactment. Participantes: Oito psicanalistas: dois estão em treinamento, quatro são membros associados e dois analistas didatas. O anonimato dos participantes foi assegurado com o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Método: É um estudo qualitativo/descritivo, sendo os dados interpretados através de Análise de Conteúdo (Bardin, 1977). Foram realizadas oito entrevistas semiestruturadas face a face. Resultados: São identificadas três categorias finais de respostas: Bases Teóricas, Bases Técnicas e Nível de Experiência. O enactment é entendido e expresso através da "encenção" dos conflitos mentais. É possível detectar os padrões das relações objetais, trazidos para a realidade concreta das relações transferenciais e contratransferenciais através da identificação projetiva. Se os enactments não são interpretados, bloqueiam a evolução do processo terapêutico, com colusões ou impasses entre o par analítico. Os entrevistados consideram este fenômeno tecnicamente útil, pois favorece a interpretação no aqui-e-agora da situação analítica. O tempo de trabalho profissional e o investimento pessoal para ampliar o conhecimento promovem nos analistas uma atitude em que a técnica que aprendem pode ser usada com mais segurança. O enactment é caracterizado como um dos mecanismos mais atuais que refletem a ênfase contemporânea da psicanálise na relação entre os membros da dupla analítica/terapêutica.(AU)

Los estudios sobre el psicoanálisis son esenciales y demuestran la eficacia de estas prácticas. El funcionamiento psicológico de la díada analítica / psicoterapéutica está siempre presente durante ese proceso, expresado por transferencia, contratransferencia, identificación proyectiva, campo analítico y, más recientemente, enactments. Objetivo: Describir cómo los psicoanalistas comprenden, identifican y elaboran el fenómeno enactment. Participantes: Ocho psicoanalistas: dos están en entrenamiento, cuatro son miembros asociados y dos analistas didácticos. El anonimato de los participantes fue asegurado con el Término de Consentimiento Libre y Esclarecido. Método: Es un estudio cualitativo / descriptivo, siendo los datos interpretados a través de Análisis de Contenido (Bardin, 1977). Se realizaron ocho entrevistas semiestructuradas cara a cara. Resultados: Se identifican tres categorías finales de respuestas: Bases Teóricas, Bases Técnicas y Nivel de Experiencia. El enactment se entiende y expresa a través de la "escenificación" de los conflictos mentales. Es posible detectar los patrones de las relaciones objetales traídos a la realidad concreta de las relaciones transferenciales y contratransferenciales a través de la identificación proyectiva. Si los enactments no se interpretan, bloquean la evolución del proceso terapéutico, con colusiones o impasses entre el par analítico. Los entrevistados consideran este fenómeno técnicamente útil, pues favorece la interpretación en el aquí y ahora de la situación analítica. El tiempo de trabajo profesional y la inversión personal para ampliar el conocimiento promueven en los analistas una actitud en la que la técnica que aprenden puede ser usada con más seguridad. El enactment se caracteriza como uno de los mecanismos más actuales que reflejan el énfasis contemporáneo del psicoanálisis en la relación entre los miembros del doble analítico / terapéutico.(AU)

Spirituality, infertility-related stress, and quality of life in Brazilian infertile couples: Analysis using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model.

Infertility has a stressful impact on both partners, with adverse effects on the quality of life of infertile couples. Spirituality is a meaning-based strategy that can protect couples against infertility's negative impact on quality of life, but analysis of this mediator relationship in infertile couples has not been reported. We adopted a dyadic approach and used the actor-partner interdependence mediation model to examine whether and how women's and men's spirituality was associated with their own and their partners' infertility-related stress and quality of life. In 2014, 152 infertile couples starting their first fertility treatment at a private clinic in Brazil were recruited and completed self-reports of spirituality, infertility-related stress, and quality of life. Results indicated that women's and men's level of spirituality was positively associated with their own quality of life directly and indirectly, by reducing their own infertility-related stress. Their spirituality was associated with an increase in their partners' quality of life only indirectly, by reducing their partners' infertility-related stress. Findings highlight the importance of assessing and promoting spirituality as a coping resource that infertile women and men might use to deal with the stress of infertility and reduce its adverse effects on quality of life.

Brazilian Immigrant Mothers' Beliefs and Practices Related to Infant Feeding: A Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life and timely introduction of appropriate solid foods are important determinants of weight status in infancy and later life stages. Disparities in obesity rates among young children suggest that maternal feeding practices during the first 2 years of life may contribute to these disparities. Brazilians are a growing immigrant group in the United States, yet little research has focused on parental beliefs and behaviors affecting the health of Brazilian immigrant children in the United States. Research aim: This study aimed to explore beliefs and infant-feeding practices of Brazilian immigrant mothers in the United States. METHODS: Focus group discussions were conducted with Brazilian immigrant mothers. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis and themes categorized using the socioecological model. RESULTS: Twenty-nine immigrant Brazilian mothers participated in the study. Analyses revealed that all participants breastfed their infants. The majority initiated breastfeeding soon after childbirth. However, most mothers did not exclusively breastfeed. They used formula and human milk concomitantly. Family and culture influenced mothers' infant-feeding beliefs and practices in early introduction of solid foods. CONCLUSION: As the number of children in the United States growing up in families of immigrant parents increases, understanding influences on Brazilian immigrant mothers' infant-feeding practices will be important to the development of effective interventions to promote healthy infant feeding and weight status among Brazilian children. Interventions designed for Brazilian immigrant families should incorporate an understanding of social context, family, and cultural factors to develop health promotion messages tailored to the needs of this ethnic group.

Carga del cuidado en la díada en situaciones de cáncer / Burden of care in the dyad in cancer situations

Objetivo: Analizar las relaciones de la carga de cuidado de la díada en situaciones de cáncer en Bogotá. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo correlacional con diseño diádico estándar de tipo reciproco. La muestra se conformó de 80 díadas. Se usó una ficha de caracterización de la díada, cuidador ­ persona con enfermedad crónica, la Escala de sobrecarga del cuidador de Zarit y el Instrumento de carga de la enfermedad crónica para el paciente. Se realizó un análisis a partir de estadística descriptiva y medidas de tendencia central, con el fin de conocer el perfil de las díadas participantes; se usaron pruebas de correlación de Spearman y correlación canónica; y pruebas no paramétricas para evaluar el comportamiento de las variables de los instrumentos de medición seleccionados. Resultados: Se corrobora que el género femenino es predominante en las díadas y en edad productiva. Las díadas del estudio se caracterizaron por llevar poco tiempo de cuidado. Los cuidadores familiares presentaron una sobrecarga baja y las personas con cáncer manifestaron sentir carga en aspectos de tipo emocional, laboral y físico. Se identificó una relación débil entre las cargas del cuidador y de la persona con cáncer a partir de pruebas de correlación de Spearman y coeficiente canónico. Se determinaron indicadores de la carga frente a la calidad de vida mediado por los bienestares medidos en la díada a través de la prueba de Kruskall Wallis, relacionados con factores culturales y económicos; y el bienestar físico y psico-emocional. Conclusiones: Las díadas se encuentran en un afrontamiento individualizado mediado por un vínculo de poco tiempo, presente en las primeras etapas de la enfermedad crónica; sin embargo, se presentan algunas características que ameritan nuevas investigaciones para profundizar en el fenómeno.

Objective: To analyze the relationship of the care burden of the dyad in cancer situations in Bogotá. Methodology: Quantitative and correlation with standard dyadic design of reciprocal type. The sample consisted of 80 dyads: over 18 years old, with a bond and proximity, knowing how to read and write, for people with cancer with a confirmed diagnosis, not having a vital need. A characterization card of the dyad, caretaker - person with chronic illness, the Zarit burden Interview and the Instrument of burden of chronic illness for the patient were used. An analysis was made based on descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency, to know the profile of the participating dyads; Spearman correlation tests and canonical correlation were used; And non-parametric tests to evaluate the behavior of the variables of the selected measurement instruments. Results: It is corroborated that the female gender is predominant in the dyads and in productive age. The dyads of the study were characterized by taking little care. Family caregivers had a low overload and people with cancer expressed feelings of emotional, physical and occupational aspects. We identified a weak relationship between caregiver and person with cancer loads from Spearman correlation tests and canonical coefficient. Indicators of the burden on the quality of life mediated by the wells measured in the dyad through the Kruskall Wallis test, related to cultural and economic factors, were determined; And physical and psycho-emotional well-being. Conclusions: The dyads are in an individualized coping mediated by a short time link, present in the early stages of chronic disease; However, there are some characteristics that merit further research to deepen the phenomenon.

Pain-depression dyad induced by reserpine is relieved by p,p'-methoxyl-diphenyl diselenide in rats.

Depression and pain comorbidity represent a neuropsychiatric condition with substantial socioeconomic impact to society. The commonly used antidepressants and analgesics to treat this comorbidity have shown restricted clinical efficacy. In this way, the aim of this study was to investigate the behavioral, biochemical and neurochemical effects of a p,p'-methoxyl-diphenyl diselenide (OMePhSe)2 supplemented diet on pain-depression dyad induced by reserpine in rats. Adult Wistar rats were fed with 10mg (MeOPhSe)2 per kg of rat chow supplemented diet for 30 days. Pain-depression dyad was induced by daily subcutaneous reserpine injection (0.5mg/kg for three consecutive days) from 22 to 24 day of (MeOPhSe)2 supplementation. The results showed that the reserpine injected rats had behavior phenotypes typical of depression-pain dyad and the (MeOPhSe)2-supplemented diet protected against these modifications. Furthermore, the (MeOPhSe)2 dietary supplementation was effective against the increase in the prefrontal cortical MDA levels caused by reserpine. (MeOPhSe)2-supplemented diet triggered a per se augmentation of Nrf-2 levels. The [3H] serotonin uptake, [3H] glutamate uptake and release and MAO activity were not altered in the prefrontal cortices of rats from any experimental group. Therefore, the results indicate that protective effects of a (MeOPhSe)2-supplemented diet can be mediated, at least in part, by its antioxidant property.

Determination of the protonation state for the catalytic dyad in ß-secretase when bound to hydroxyethylamine transition state analogue inhibitors: A molecular dynamics simulation study.

BACE1 is an aspartyl protease of pharmacological interest for its direct participation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) through ß-amyloid peptide production. Two aspartic acid residues are present in the BACE1 catalytic region which can adopt multiple protonation states depending on the chemical nature of its inhibitors, i.e., monoprotonated, diprotonated and di-deprotonated states. In the present study a series of protein-ligand molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was carried out to identify the most feasible protonation state adopted by the catalytic dyad in the presence of hydroxyethylamine transition state analogue inhibitors. The MD trajectories revealed that the di-deprotonated state is most prefered in the presence of hydroxyethilamine (HEA) family inhibitors. This appears as a result after evaluating, for all 9 protonation state configurations during the simulation time, the deviations of a set of distances and dihedral angles measured on the ligand, protein and protein-ligand complex with reference to an X-ray experimental BACE1/HEA crystallographic structure. These results will help to clarify the phenomena related to the HEAs inhibitory pathway, and improve HEAs databases' virtual screening and ligand design processes targeting ß-secretase protein.

Calibração do modelo da dinâmica do comportamento da díade vaca-bezerro do parto até a primeira mamada / Calibration of the model of the dynamics of the behavior of the pair cow-Alfcalving until the first feeding

A primeira mamada é o ponto de estrangulamento do sistema de cria, através do qual o animal garante os principais nutrientes para sua sobrevivência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a dinâmica dos processos relacionados com a formação da relação diádica entre vaca e bezerro, utilizando a metodologia de Dinâmica de Sistemas para construir e calibrar o modelo do comportamento entre vaca-bezerro, considerando as relações complexas entre as diversas estruturas que caracterizam o sistema (raça, vaca, bezerro, ambiente natural e ambiente antrópico). O período do parto até a primeira mamada foi caracterizado por três fases: fase I do parto até o bezerro ficar em pé pela primeira vez; fase II de ficar em pé até tentar mamar e fase III de tentar mamar até a primeira mamada. Por meio de um banco de dados, foram utilizadas informações de 95 díades (vaca e bezerro) das raças Nelore, Guzerá, Caracu e Gir, do parto até a primeira mamada. Primeiramente foi construído um modelo conceitual a partir das variáveis que influenciaram na formação da díade e, por meio deste, um modelo computacional para que este fosse validado quando os dados simulados reproduzissem os observados em campo. Para a simulação foram definidas duas díades com valores mínimos e com valores máximos duração de cada fase, sendo a simulação realizada por meio do programa SIMILE 4.9. Para a verificação dos dados observados a campo e os simulados, utilizou-se o método de análise de regressão através do programa MINITAB...

The first sucking is the bottleneck of the system creates as it is through it that the animal ensures the main nutrients for their survival. The objective of this study was to analyze the dynamics of the processes related to the formation of the dyadic relationship between cow and calf by using the methodology of System Dynamics to build and calibrate the model of cow-calf dyadic behavior considering the complex relationships between the various structures that characterize the system (race, cow, calf, natural environment and man-made environment). The period of confinement until the first sucking was characterized by three phases with phase I of calf birth until the calf to stand for the first time, the phase II to stand up until trying to sucking and the phase III trying to sucking until the first sucking. Through a database, data were observed of 95 dyads (cow and calf) Nelore cattle, Guzerá, Caracu and Gir calf birth until the sucking. The first step was to built a conceptual model from the variables that influenced the formation of the dyad, through this conceptual model, was build the computational model for this was validated when the simulated data reproduce the observed behaviour. For the simulation were set two dyads with minimum values and two dyads with maximum values of latency to complete each phase being the simulation carried out through the program SIMILE. For the verification of observed through data to behaviour and the simulated, we used the method of regression analysis through the program MINITAB. The regression analysis showed a great fit for the simulation with R² were between 92.0% and 99.8% for the four races analyzed. Through computer simulation, it was possible to verify that the behaviors observed in the field were reproduced with computational model similarity. The data obtained through regression demonstrated that the simulation had a good fit to the observed data...

O brincar e a relação objetal no espectro autístico / The play and the object relationship in the autistic spectrum

Neste estudo foram investigados aspectos como o uso dos objetos e suas possibilidade de mudança em crianças do espectro autista em terapia fonoaudiológica de concepção Interacionista. Os sujeitos foram três meninos com diagnóstico de Transtorno Global do Desenvolvimento, suas mães e a fonoaudióloga. Filmaram-se as crianças durante a brincadeira livre no primeiro e décimo mês de terapia. Houve mudanças no brincar e no uso do objeto nos sujeitos. Conclui-se a efetividade da promoção do brincar em terapia, bem como que o conhecimento e a observação dos tipos de objeto e relação objetal é um importante indicador clínico.(AU)

We have investigated aspects such as the use of objects and the possibility of change in these children on the autistic spectrum in speech therapy of Interactionism conception. The subjects were three children diagnosed with Pervasive Development Disorder, their mothers and speech therapist. Children were videotaped during free play to the first and tenth month of therapy. There have been changes in play and use the object in the subjects. It is the effectiveness of the promotion of play therapy as well as the knowledge and observation of the object types and object relationship is an important clinical indicator.(AU)

O brincar e a relação objetal no espectro autístico / The play and the object relationship in the autistic spectrum

Neste estudo foram investigados aspectos como o uso dos objetos e suas possibilidade de mudança em crianças do espectro autista em terapia fonoaudiológica de concepção Interacionista. Os sujeitos foram três meninos com diagnóstico de Transtorno Global do Desenvolvimento, suas mães e a fonoaudióloga. Filmaram-se as crianças durante a brincadeira livre no primeiro e décimo mês de terapia. Houve mudanças no brincar e no uso do objeto nos sujeitos. Conclui-se a efetividade da promoção do brincar em terapia, bem como que o conhecimento e a observação dos tipos de objeto e relação objetal é um importante indicador clínico.

We have investigated aspects such as the use of objects and the possibility of change in these children on the autistic spectrum in speech therapy of Interactionism conception. The subjects were three children diagnosed with Pervasive Development Disorder, their mothers and speech therapist. Children were videotaped during free play to the first and tenth month of therapy. There have been changes in play and use the object in the subjects. It is the effectiveness of the promotion of play therapy as well as the knowledge and observation of the object types and object relationship is an important clinical indicator.

Concepções sobre maternidade, parto e amamentação em grupo de gestantes / Conceptions about motherhood, childbirth and breastfeeding in group of pregnancies / Concepciones sobre la maternidad, el parto y la lactancia materna en el grupo de embarazadas

Considerando a importância do vínculo mãe-bebê para o desenvolvimento socioafetivo infantil e a função cumprida pela amamentação e pelo parto na promoção deste vínculo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as concepções sobre parto e amamentação de um grupo de gestantes de uma empresa estatal, composto por mulheres, gestantes ou puérperas, e coordenado por uma equipe multidisciplinar; além de levar a uma reflexão acerca da prática de intervenção psicológica nessa área específica da saúde materno-infantil. Os dados obtidos na pesquisa sugerem que, para esse grupo, existe grande importância atribuída ao ato de amamentar e aos cuidados com o bebê no período de pós-parto e que a intervenção em saúde permitiria que as mulheres discutissem sobre suas escolhas e decisões relacionadas ao processo de maternidade

Considering the importance of mother-infant development and infant socio-affective function fulfilled by delivery and through breastfeeding in promoting this relationship, this study aims to investigate perceptions about childbirth and breastfeeding from a group of pregnant women from a state enterprise. Composed of women, pregnant or lactating women, and coordinated by a multidisciplinary team as well as lead to a reflection on the contribution of the psychological practice intervention on this specific area of maternal and child health. The data obtained in this research suggest that, for this group, there is great importance attached to the act of breastfeeding and baby care in the post partum period and the intervention allowed to discuss about the women choices and decisions regarding the process of motherhood

Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de la función que cumple la lactancia materna y el parto en la promoción de este enlace madre-hijo para el desarrollo socio-afectivo del bebé, este estudio pretende investigar las concepciones sobre el parto y la lactancia de un grupo de mujeres embarazadas de una empresa del Estado compuesto por mujeres, mujeres embarazadas o que han dado a luz recientemente, y coordinado por un equipo multidisciplinario, además de conducir a una reflexión sobre la práctica de intervención psicológica en esa área específica de la salud materno-infantil. Los datos obtenidos en la encuesta sugieren que, para este grupo, se concede una gran importancia al acto de la lactancia materna y cuidado del bebé en el período posparto y que la intervención en la salud les permitiría a las mujeres embarazadas discutir sus opciones y decisiones sobre el proceso de la maternidad