ABSTRACT
Introduction: One of the dimensions of food security has to do with economic access to food. Aim: Propose a methodology that allows evaluating economic access to food in Argentina for the elderly population. Methods: Dietary guides for the Argentine population are used. Meanwhile, the food consumption patterns observed in the elderly population in Argentina are considered from a household expenditure survey, from which implicit food prices can also be obtained. Results: Six dietary plans corresponding to different regions of the country are designed and evaluated and it is found that they would be affordable only in two of the six regions analyzed. Conclusion: in the Metropolitan, Pampas, Cuyo, and Northeast regions the cost of the ideal basket is higher than food spending, fundamentally in the Northeast region where food spending should increase by 25%.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: identificar la asociación de las determinantes de la seguridad alimentaria con el sobrepeso y obesidad de la población que acude a la Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica del IINSAD de la Facultad de Medicina, Enfermería, Nutrición y Tecnología Médica UMSA. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio de Casos y Controles, desarrollado en la Unidad de Epidemiologia Clínica del IINSAD de la Facultad de Medicina, UMSA. Ingresaron al estudio 288 personas, 144 casos y 144 controles, se aplicó la encuesta alimentaria, identificando el consumo y la frecuencia de alimentos y preguntas específicas sobre disponibilidad, acceso físico y económico a los alimentos. Se realizó una evaluación antropométrica para identificar los casos y controles. RESULTADOS: existe una probabilidad mayor de presentar sobrepeso u obesidad en la población con insuficiente acceso económico a los alimentos OR= 2.1 (IC95% 1.3-3.6 p=0.003). A mayor proporción de gasto en alimentos de una familia, mayor es el consumo de energía provenientes de carbohidratos y grasas OR= 30 (IC95% 23.6-58.8) p=0.000. No se encontró asociación entre la disponibilidad de alimentos y el lugar de aprovisionamiento. CONCLUSIONES: son factores asociados para la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad los determinantes de seguridad alimentaria nutricional como ingreso destinado a la compra de los alimentos, el consumo alimentario en cantidad y calidad de la dieta consumida y adecuación de nutrientes, la disponibilidad de alimentos y el lugar de aprovisionamiento no presenta asociación
OBJECTIVE: to identify the association of food security determinants of overweight and obesity in the population attending the Clinical Epidemiology Unit of IINSAD Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, Nutrition and Medical Technology - UMSA La Paz, 2015. MATERIAL AND METHODS: an observational analytical case-control study, 288 individuals attending the IINSAD of the Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, Nutrition and Medical Technology - UMSA. 144 cases and 144 controls were analyzed. A food survey, where the consumption and food frequency and specific questions about availability, physical and economic access to food occurred was applied. Anthropometric assessment was performed to identify cases and controls. RESULTS: there is a greater likelihood of becoming overweight or obese in people with insufficient economic access to food OR = 2.1 (95% CI 1.3-3.6 p = 0.003). The greater the food expenditure proportion of a family, the greater is the consumption the energy from carbohydrates and fats OR = 30 (95% CI 23.6-58.8 p = 0.000). No association between the availability of food and the place of supply is found. CONCLUSIONS: there are factors associated to the presence of overweight and obesity determinants of nutritional food security such as income for the purchase of food, food consumption in quantity and quality of consumed diet and nutrient adequacy, the availability of food and the place of supplying is not considered associated for this study