Perceived Emotional Self-Efficacy and Life Satisfaction of Elementary School Children on the US-Mexico Border.

Objectives. It has been established that an adult's perceived ability to effectively address negative emotions predicts their life satisfaction. To increase the understanding of ethnic minority children's mental health and quality of life, this study examined the relationship between perceived emotional self-efficacy and life satisfaction of Hispanic children. Methods. Using the nonexperimental-correlational research design and the convenience sampling method, a total of 176 fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students (73 boys, 103 girls; 88% Hispanic) in one public elementary school on the US-Mexico border were recruited to participate in this study. Emotional self-efficacy was measured using the emotional subscale of the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children and subjective well-being was measured using the Student Life Satisfaction Scale. Spearman correlation and ordinal regression analyses were used to test the study hypotheses. Results. Consistent with findings from the current literature, emotional self-efficacy was positively associated with subjective well-being. Children in lower elementary grades were more likely to report higher emotional self-efficacy than those in higher elementary grades. Boys were more likely to report higher life satisfaction than girls. Conclusions and Relevance. Using a sample of elementary school children with Hispanic backgrounds on the US-Mexico border, this study attested to the empirical link between emotional self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Our study findings stress the importance of early identification of students with low emotional self-efficacious beliefs and the early introduction of social-emotional learning programs in elementary schools to enhance students' emotional self-efficacy. This study contributes to positive psychology literature and provides insights for future school-based mental health practice and research.

Persistencia académica en estudiantes universitarios: ¿cómo se manifiesta la autoeficacia emocional? / Academic persistence in university students: how is emotional self-efficacy manifested? / Persistência acadêmica em estudantes universitários: como se manifesta a autoeficácia emocional?

Resumen (analítico) Los índices de deserción presentes en la educación superior ameritan el desarrollo de acciones que posibiliten la transformación de tal realidad; por lo que comprender cómo se manifiesta la autoeficacia emocional en estudiantes que persisten en su formación universitaria constituye un punto de partida para lograr tal propósito. En ese sentido, se realizó un estudio cualitativo, de corte fenomenológico-hermenéutico, en el cual participaron siete estudiantes universitarios de Santa Marta, Colombia, seleccionados de manera intencional, a quienes se les realizó una entrevista semiestructurada y cuyos datos fueron analizados mediante el análisis temático. Los resultados indican que la autoeficacia emocional se manifiesta en los estudiantes que persisten en su formación universitaria a través de cinco formas o mecanismos: la autodeterminación, la autoconfianza, el optimismo, la autoafirmación y la perseverancia.

Abstract (analytical) The dropout rates for higher education require the implementation of actions to transform this reality. Understanding how emotional self-efficacy manifests itself in students who persist with their university education represents a starting point for this process. A qualitative study was carried out using a phenomenological-hermeneutical approach with the participation of 7 university students from Santa Marta, Colombia who were intentionally selected. The students responded to a semi-structured interview and the data collected through this tool was analyzed using a thematic analysis. The results show that emotional self-efficacy is manifested in students who persist with their university education through 5 mechanisms: self-determination, self-confidence, optimism, self-assertion and perseverance.

Resumo (analítico) Os índices de evasão presentes no ensino superior merecem o desenvolvimento de ações que possibilitem a transformação dessa realidade, portanto, compreender como a autoeficácia emocional se manifesta nos alunos que persistem na formação universitária constitui um ponto de partida para atingir esse propósito. Nesse sentido, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, de natureza fenomenoló-gicohermenêutica, do qual participaram 7 estudantes universitários de Santa Marta, Colômbia, selecionados intencionalmente, os quais foram submetidos a uma entrevista semiestruturada e cujos dados foram analisados através da análise temática. Os resultados indicam que a autoeficácia emocional se manifesta nos alunos que persistem na formação universitária por meio de 5 formas ou mecanismos: autodeterminação, autoconfiança, otimismo, autoafirmação e perseverança.

[Neighborhood Danger and Maternal Parenting in Medellin-Rome: The Role of Negative Emotional Self-Efficacy]. / Violencia de Barrio y Crianza Materna en Medellín-Roma: Rol de la Autoeficacia Emocional Negativa.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect of perceptions of neighborhood danger on positive parenting and whether it is mediated by the mothers' perceived self-efficacy in managing negative emotions, comparing two countries: Colombia and Italy. Participants were 434 mothers and children between ages of 8 and 10 years old (108 dyads from Medellin, Colombia and 109 dyads from Rome, Italy). selected by convenience, non-probabilistically and proportionally to the social stratum of each city. Mothers and children answered the neighborhood violence perception scale, mothers also answered the emotional self-efficacy scale and children the Acceptance-Rejection/Control questionnaire. The multigroup analysis found that mothers' self-efficacy in managing negative emotions behaved differently in Colombia compared to Italy. In Colombia, mothers' perceived self-efficacy in managing negative emotions mediated the link between the effect of perceived neighborhood violence and the quality of mother-child relationship. In Italy, mothers' self-efficacy in managing negative emotions did not mediate this link. Perceived self-efficacy in managing negative emotions of Colombian mothers indirectly explains the adverse effect of perceived neighborhood danger on positive parenting. With mothers from Rome-Italy, there is no significant relationship between perceived self-efficacy for the management of negative emotions and positive parenting.

Diabetes-Related Stigma among Adolescents: Emotional Self-Efficacy, Aggressiveness, Self-Care, and Barriers to Treatment Compliance.

Recent studies indicate that over 60% of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience diabetes-related stigma (DRS). DRS may affect their emotional self-efficacy (ESE), behavior, and self-care while increasing barriers to comply with physical and mental health treatment. We examined differences in ESE, aggressiveness, self-care, and barriers to comply with treatment among 51 T1D youths (aged 12-17 years) with (G1; n = 35) and without (G2; n = 16) any history of DRS enrolled in a depression treatment study. Using a MANOVA followed by individual univariate analyses, we compared groups in continuous variables, and to conduct comparisons in categorical variables, we used Chi-square tests. MANOVA results were significant, F(5, 45) = 3.20, p = .015. G1 reported lower scores than G2 on ESE, perception of the potential therapeutic impact of group sessions, and family support to comply with insulin treatment. G1 caregivers perceived their offspring as more aggressive and affected by barriers to treatment adherence than their counterparts. G1 members showed a higher proportion of cases with body mass index problems, non-compliance with their meal plan, and multiple episodes of hypoglycemia. Compared to G2, a lower percentage of adolescents in G1 met the recommended glycemic control levels. Our findings support the relationship of DRS with a lower ESE, more behavioral problems, difficulties in food-related self-care, and more barriers to comply with the treatment of diabetes and emotional problems in adolescents. They suggest the need for large-scale education to prevent DRS and psychosocial interventions to combat its impact in adolescents.

Según estudios recientes, sobre 60% de las/os adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1 (DT1) experimentan estigma relacionado con la diabetes (ERD). Éste puede afectar la autoeficacia emocional (AE), el comportamiento y el autocuidado, aumentando las barreras para cumplir el tratamiento de salud física y mental. Examinamos diferencias en AE, agresividad, autocuidado y barreras para cumplir el tratamiento en 51 jóvenes con DT1 (12­17 años) con (G1; n = 35) y sin (G2; n = 16) antecedentes de ERD, inscritos/as en un estudio de tratamiento para la depresión. Utilizando el MANOVA y análisis de varianza individuales, comparamos los grupos en variables continuas. Utilizamos el Chi-cuadrado para variables categóricas. El MANOVA fue significativo, F(5, 45) = 3.20, p = .015. Quienes pertenecían al G1 reportaron puntuaciones menores que el G2 en AE, percepción del potencial terapéutico grupal y apoyo familiar con el tratamiento de insulina. Las/os cuidadoras/es del G1 percibieron una progenie más agresiva y con más barreras para cumplir el tratamiento que sus contrapartes. El G1 mostró mayor proporción de problemas del índice de masa corporal, incumplimiento del plan alimentario y episodios hipoglucémicos múltiples. Un porcentaje menor alcanzó el control glucémico recomendado, comparado con el G2. Nuestros hallazgos apoyan la asociación del ERD con una menor AE, más agresividad, dificultades en el autocuidado alimentario y más barreras para cumplir el tratamiento de la diabetes y los problemas emocionales en adolescentes. Estos sugieren la necesidad de educación a gran escala para prevenir el ERD e intervenciones psicosociales para combatir su impacto en jóvenes.

Tendencias Prosociales y su Relación con la Empatía y la Autoeficacia Emocional en Adolescentes en Vulnerabilidad Psicosocial / Prosocial Trends and their Relationship with Empathy and Emotional Self-Efficacy in Adolescents in Psychosocial Vulnerability

Resumen El objetivo consistió en analizar las diferencias de género y la relación entre empatía, autoeficacia emocional y tendencias prosociales en adolescentes que han vivido situaciones de vulnerabilidad psicosocial, ubicados en una institución de protección en Manizales y en tres municipios de Caldas (Colombia). El estudio se realizó con una metodología cuantitativa, diseño no experimental de tipo transversal, alcance descriptivo-correlacional; la muestra fue no probabilística a disponibilidad, conformada por 69 adolescentes entre 12 y 18 años. Se usaron como instrumentos la Escala de Tendencias Prosociales revisada (PTM-R), Índice de Reactividad Interpersonal (IRI), y Escala de Autoeficacia para la Regulación Emocional (RESE). El modelo empírico muestra que la expresión de emociones positivas y el manejo de emociones negativas requieren del rol mediador de la empatía, en sus dos componentes, cognitivo y emocional, para explicar las motivaciones prosociales en los adolescentes. Por lo tanto, se concluye que es necesario articular la investigación y la intervención psicosocial y educativa en el estudio y estimulación de la prosocialidad, así como los factores positivamente asociados en poblaciones que han vivido experiencias de vulneración psicosocial.

Abstract The main objective was to analyze gender differences and the relationship between empathy, emotional self-efficacy, and prosocial trends in adolescents who have lived psychosocial vulnerability situations, located in a protection institution in Manizales and three municipalities in Caldas (Colombia). The methodology used was a quantitative, non-experimental cross-sectional design, descriptive-correlational scope. The sample was non-probabilistic by availability, composed of 69 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years old. The instruments used were the revised version of the Prosocial Tendencies Scale (PTM-R), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and the Self-efficacy Scale for Emotional Regulation (RESE). As result, the empirical model showed that the expression of positive emotions and the handling of negative emotions require the mediating role of empathy, in its two components, cognitive and emotional, to explain prosocial motivations in adolescents. In conclusion, it is necessary to articulate the research, as well as a psychosocial and educational intervention in the study and stimulation of prosociality, along with positively associated factors in populations that have lived experiences of a psychosocial violation.

Negative emotions and behaviour: The role of regulatory emotional self-efficacy.

The objective of this study is to test a longitudinal model that analyses the direct effect of negative emotions (anger, depression and anxiety, wave 1) on prosocial and aggressive behaviour (wave 2) in adolescents. And the indirect effect of negative emotions (wave 1) on prosocial and aggressive behaviour (wave 2) through regulatory emotional self-efficacy. Data was obtained from 417 adolescents in a two-wave longitudinal study (225 girls, M age = 14.70 years) from schools located in Valencia, Spain. SEM was employed to explore longitudinal models. The results showed that anger had a direct relationship with prosocial behaviour and aggression, measured two years later. However, the depression and anxiety states did not predict prosociality and aggressiveness. The mediation role of regulatory emotional self-efficacy between negative emotion and behaviours was only partially confirmed. Finally, only the perception of self-efficacy in expressing positive affect is related to prosociality and aggressiveness.