Comparison of reproductive performance, live weight, survivability, and fleece characteristics of indoor-raised Central Anatolian Merino and Malya sheep

This study was conducted to compare Central Anatolian Merino (CAM) and Malya sheep under intensive conditions in terms of reproductive traits, birth and weaning weights, fattening performance, and some fleece characteristics. In this study, 840 CAM and 194 Malya ewes were used for the comparison of reproductive performance, whereas 740 and 211 lambs were used to compare growth traits between the two breeds. Additionally, the fattening performance of 61 CAM and 68 Malya lambs were compared. Finally, for the comparison of wool quality traits, 94 CAM and 90 Malya lambs were used. The lambs were kept together with the sheep that gave birth to them for 10 days. After this period, lambs were given lamb starter feed, alfalfa hay, and vetch hay in addition to milk. When lambs reached 40 days old, they were taken to the pasture with the sheep. In this period, pasture grass, growing lamb concentrate feed, alfalfa hay, and vetch hay were given in addition to milk. Lambs were weaned when they reached an average age of 90 days, and their live weights were determined. A determined number of lambs was selected from weaned male lambs. For these animals, in the fattening period, barley, alfalfa hay, vetch hay, meadow hay, and lentil straw were provided ad libitum in addition to 400 g/day/head of fattening feed. This study indicated that birth rate was better for CAM sheep than for Malya sheep. However, Malya lambs may have more advantages than CAM lambs in terms of survival and fattening performance. Although birth weight was higher for Malya sheep than for CAM sheep, the opposite result was observed for the weaning weight. The beginning weights of fattened male lambs were higher for CAM lambs than for Malya lambs, but the ending weights of both fattened groups were similar.(AU)

The Effects of Dietary Clinoptilolite Supplementation on Fattening Performance, Some Blood and Visceral Organ Parameters in Japanese Quails

This study was aimed at determining the effects of dietary zeolite (clinoptilolite) supplementation on fattening performance, slaughter characteristics, and some blood and visceral organ parameters in Japanese quails. For this purpose, 140 (4x35) four-day-old Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 4 replicates (9+9+9+8), and the study was continued for a period of 31 days. The groups were fed on a basal diet supplemented with 0% of clinoptilolite (control group), 1.5% of clinoptilolite (Z1.5), 3% of clinoptilolite (Z3) and 6% of clinoptilolite (Z6). For the female quails, the best blood TOS and liver TAS levels were detected in Z3 and Z1.5, respectively. For the male quails, the best blood TAS and liver TOS levels were determined in Z1.5. Histopathological examination demonstrated that dietary supplementation with 1.5% of zeolite had increased the height of the intestinal villi in both male and female quails, and had reduced hepatic lipidosis in female quails. Female quails displayed significantly increased levels of hepatic lipidosis in Z3 and Z6, and liver hepatitis in Z3. In result, it is suggested that zeolite, a hydrated aluminosilicate, in its form containing 90.2% of clinoptilolite, can be incorporated as a feed supplement into quail basal diets at a rate of 3%, owing to its positive effect on fattening performance. Furthermore, the use of zeolite may also contribute to maintaining animal health by reducing humidity in poultry houses and feed.(AU)

Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Blood Metabolites of Lambs Supplemented with a Polyherbal Mixture.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the supplementation of a polyherbal mixture (HM) on the productive performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and the profile of blood metabolites of lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. Thirty-six male Pelibuey lambs (25.21 ± 0.96 kg BW) were housed in individual pens during a 56-day feeding period and were randomly assigned to four treatments: (1) Control (CON): Basal diet without HM; (2) HM1: CON + 1 g of HM kg-1 dry matter (DM); (3) HM2: CON + 2 g of HM kg-1 DM; and (4) HM3: CON + 3 g of HM kg-1 DM. Data were analyzed using the GLM (General Linear Model) procedure of statistical analysis system (SAS), and linear and quadratic effects were tested to evaluate the effects of the HM level. A quadratic increase was observed in the dry matter intake and in daily weight gain (p < 0.05) of lambs fed with HM2 and HM1, respectively. However, final body weight, body condition, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were similar among treatments (p > 0.05). It was observed a linear increase (p < 0.05) in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Lymphocytes in blood from lambs supplemented with the HM1 diet increased and segmented neutrophils decreased compared to lambs receiving the CON treatment (p < 0.05). The concentration of uric acid in the blood had a linear increase (p < 0.05) and the serum creatinine level decreased (p < 0.05) as the HM dietary dose increased. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2 and 1 g of HM kg-1 of DM improves feed consumption and daily weight gain, respectively, without affecting carcass characteristics, meat quality, and health status on finishing lambs.

Metabolizable amino acids and energy requirements of Nellore and crossbred Angus × Nellore bulls fed rations of different crude protein concentrations.

Growth rate of cattle depends on their genetic makeup and nutrient intake. Moreover, increased growth rate may lead to increased amino acid (AA) requirements. Therefore, we evaluated the AA content of the empty body and estimated the net AA and energy requirements of purebred and crossbred beef bulls fed rations of different dietary CP concentrations. We performed a comparative slaughter experiment with 24 Nellore and 24 Angus × Nellore (A × N) bulls (8 months; initial shrunk BW: Nellore = 208.0 ±â€¯12.78 kg; A × N = 221.9 ±â€¯14.16 kg). Eight bulls (four Nellore and four A × N) were designated as the reference group, eight bulls (four Nellore and four A × N) were fed to maintenance level and 32 bulls (16 Nellore and 16 A × N) were fed ad libitum. The 32 bulls fed ad libitum were distributed using a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme with two genetic groups (Nellore or A × N) and three dietary CP contents (100, 120 or 140 g CP/kg DM), being four groups with five bulls and two groups with six bulls. The experimental period lasted for 224 days. There were no interactions (P ≥ 0.056) between the dietary CP contents and genetic groups for any of the response variables. The dietary CP contents did not affect (P ≥ 0.062) the AA content in the empty body (g/kg empty BW [EBW]), with exception for Tryptophan (P = 0.027, linear effect). The dietary CP contents did not affect (P ≥ 0.051) AA content in the empty body (g/100 g of CP), with exception for Alanine (P = 0.013) that responded quadratically to dietary CP increase. The equations to estimate the net Lysine (Lys) and Methionine (Met) requirements (g/100 g of CP) were: Lys = 5.1 × EBW0.0594 and Met = 1.7 × EBW0.0255. Metabolizable Lys and Met to metabolizable energy (ME) ratios decreased as bulls EBW increased. Also, the metabolizable protein to ME ratio decreased as bulls EBW increased. In conclusion, the present study provides useful information regarding net and metabolizable requirements of AA of purebred and crossbred beef bulls. In the future, after the validation of the equations, these results can be used to calculate the AA requirements for growth of purebred and crossbred beef bulls. Nevertheless, it is important to highlight that the small sample size was one limitation of this present experiment.

Free ferulic acid supplementation of heat-stressed hair ewe lambs: Oxidative status, feedlot performance, carcass traits and meat quality.

Twenty-two Katahdin × Dorper ewe lambs (average weight = 23.5 ± 2.8 kg) were individually housed during a 40-d feeding study and then slaughtered to evaluate effects of free ferulic acid (FA; 0 and 250 mg/kg of feed) on oxidative status, feedlot growth, carcass and non-carcass traits, wholesale cut yields and meat quality under heat stress conditions. Overall feeding FA decreased protein oxidation without affecting oxidative stress index, while growth rate and feed efficiency increased only in the hottest period (i.e., 28 to 45 °C). The FA supplementation increased kidney-pelvic-heart and mesenteric fat deposition, as well as yields of forequarter, shoulder, ribs, loin, and breast and flank, but decreased yields of hindquarter, neck, plain loin and leg. Carcass characteristics and meat quality were unaffected by FA. Overall, FA supplementation of heat-stressed hair ewe lambs enhanced feedlot performance under extreme heat stress and increased internal fat reserves, while changing muscle mass deposition, possibly because it prevented protein oxidation.

The effect of diets supplemented with Coriandrum sativumseeds on carcass performance, immune system, blood metabolites, rumen parameters and meat quality of lambs

A trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Coriandrum sativum seeds on carcass performance, immune system, blood metabolites, rumen parameters and meat quality of Lambs. 16 Sanjabi lambs of 27 ± 5.1 kg during post-weaning (97 d of age) period were randomly selected. Four diets including 0, 1, 3, and 5% coriander seeds, replaced by Alfa alfa in the diet, were considered. A 30:70 alfalfa hay: concentrate diet for a period of time (97 to 187 d of age) was used. The results showed that feed intake was significantly increased by adding coriander seeds, linearly. There was no significant difference for apparent digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, neutral and acidic detergent fiber, crude ash, rumen fluid pH and ammonia nitrogen at 0, 2 and 4 h after feeding, Meat dry matter, ash, crude protein and fat, and the meats fatty acid profile (p > 0.05). Dietary coriander seeds had a significant effect on neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils (in days 7 and 14 of trial) and blood metabolites at the middle of trial. Obtained results suggested that supplementation of coriander seed may have limited effects on nutrient digestibility, ruminal parameters, meat quality, blood cells and metabolites.(AU)

The effect of diets supplemented with Coriandrum sativumseeds on carcass performance, immune system, blood metabolites, rumen parameters and meat quality of lambs

A trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Coriandrum sativum seeds on carcass performance, immune system, blood metabolites, rumen parameters and meat quality of Lambs. 16 Sanjabi lambs of 27 ± 5.1 kg during post-weaning (97 d of age) period were randomly selected. Four diets including 0, 1, 3, and 5% coriander seeds, replaced by Alfa alfa in the diet, were considered. A 30:70 alfalfa hay: concentrate diet for a period of time (97 to 187 d of age) was used. The results showed that feed intake was significantly increased by adding coriander seeds, linearly. There was no significant difference for apparent digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, neutral and acidic detergent fiber, crude ash, rumen fluid pH and ammonia nitrogen at 0, 2 and 4 h after feeding, Meat dry matter, ash, crude protein and fat, and the meat’s fatty acid profile (p > 0.05). Dietary coriander seeds had a significant effect on neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophil’s (in days 7 and 14 of trial) and blood metabolites at the middle of trial. Obtained results suggested that supplementation of coriander seed may have limited effects on nutrient digestibility, ruminal parameters, meat quality, blood cells and metabolites.

Feedlot growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of hair breed male lambs exposed to seasonal heat stress (winter vs. summer) in an arid climate.

Twenty Dorper × Katahdin male lambs (body weight = 33.9 ±â€¯0.4 kg and age = 4.5 months) were individually housed for a 30-d feeding period to evaluate the effects of seasonal heat stress (winter [n = 10] vs. summer [n = 10]) on feedlot performance, carcass traits, wholesale cut yields and meat quality. Heat stress environmental conditions prevailed in summer and mostly thermoneutral in winter. Overall growth rate and feed efficiency, as well as empty body weight at slaughter, cold carcass weight, omental fat percentage, and loin yield were lower in summer than in winter. Kidney-pelvic-heart fat deposition and yields of hot carcass, neck and shoulder increased during summer. Postmortem aging of meat during 14 d exhibited higher lightness, redness, yellowness and toughness in summer. In conclusion, summer heat stress decreased growth and feed efficiency without affecting feed intake of hair male lambs. Additionally, heat stress improved carcass yield with no detrimental changes on meat quality.

Effects of feed withdrawal duration on animal behaviour, rumen microbiota and blood chemistry in feedlot cattle: implications for rumen acidosis.

Feed withdrawal (FW) is a frequent issue in open outdoor feedlot systems, where unexpected circumstances can limit the animals' access to food. The relationship among fasting period, animal behaviour during feed reintroduction (FR) and acidosis occurrence has not been completely elucidated. Twenty steers fitted with rumen catheters were fed a high-concentrate diet (concentrate : forage ratio 85 : 15) and were challenged by a protocol of FW followed by FR. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments: FW for 12 h (T12), 24 h (T24), 36 h (T36) or no FW (control group) followed by FR. The steers' behaviour, ruminal chemistry, structure of the ruminal microbial community, blood enzymes and metabolites and ruminal acidosis status were assessed. Animal behaviour was affected by the FW-FR challenge ( P < 0.05). Steers from the T12, T24 and T36 treatments showed a higher ingestion rate and a lower frequency of rumination. Although all animals were suspected to have sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) prior to treatment, a severe case of transient SARA arose after FR in the T12, T24 and T36 groups. The ruminal pH remained below the threshold adopted for SARA diagnosis ( pH value = 5.6) for more than three consecutive hours (24, 7 and 19 h in the T12, T24 and T36 treatments, respectively). The FW-FR challenge did not induce clinical acute ruminal acidosis even though steers from the T36 treatment presented ruminal pH values that were consistent with this metabolic disorder (pH threshold for acute acidosis = 5.2). Total mixed ration reintroduction after the withdrawal period reactivated ruminal fermentation as reflected by changes in the fermentation end-products. Ruminal lactic acid accumulation in steers from the T24 and T36 treatments probably led to the reduction of pH in these groups. Both the FW and the FR phases may have altered the structure of the ruminal microbiota community. Whereas fibrolytic bacterial groups decreased relative abundance in the restricted animals, both lactic acid producer and utiliser bacterial groups increased ( P < 0.05). The results demonstrated a synchronisation between Streptococcus (lactate producer) and Megasphaera (lactate utiliser), as the relative abundance of both groups increased, suggesting that bacterial resilience may be central for preventing the onset of metabolic disturbances such as ruminal acidosis. A long-FW period (36 h) produced rumen pH reductions well below and lactic acid concentration increased well above the accepted thresholds for acute acidosis without any perceptible clinical signs.

Effects of chitosan coating and different storage periods of broiler breeder eggs on growth performance and carcass characteristics

This study was carried out to determine the effects of coating with chitosan film and storing at different periods (7, 14, and 21 days) of broiler breeder eggs on growth performance and carcass characteristics of the chicks. The present study was arranged as three different storage periods (7, 14, and 21 days) and coating or not the eggs with chitosan film. In total, 1800 hatching fertilized eggs were used. These eggs were divided into six groups with 100 eggs in each and 600 eggs in each replication. A total of 751 chicks obtained from the hatching were used as material in this study. As a result, all chicks in the coated chitosan groups were alive during the 42-day growth period. The average hatching weight was determined as 42.7±0.1 g. The mean body weight (BW) of chicks on the 42nd day was determined as 2541.8±12.3 g in all groups. The effect of repetition on weekly BW and body weight gain (BWG) was found to be significant in the growth period. The differences between the groups for the BW were significant on day 1. While the weekly BWG varied, the growth performance was similar in the growth period in all groups. The differences between the groups in terms of slaughter weight and carcass characteristics were insignificant. It was determined that coating broiler eggs with chitosan and storing them in different periods does not have significantly negative effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics.(AU)

Effect of dietary rapeseed and soybean oil on growth performance, carcass traits, and fatty acid composition of pigs

The objectives of this investigation were to examine the impact of the dietary inclusion of rapeseed and soybean oil and the length of their feeding before slaughter on growth performance, quantitative and qualitative carcass traits, and fatty acid composition in longissimus lumborum muscle (LLM) of pigs. The experiment was conducted with 72 pigs (36 barrows and 36 gilts), divided into six oil-containing diet groups and one control group. Diets of the experimental groups were supplemented with 4% rapeseed (ROD) or soybean (SOD) oil for six, four, and two weeks before slaughter. Diet of the control group had no oil supplement. Animals were fed ad libitum and slaughtered at average body weight of 115.8 kg. The oil supplement and feeding duration had a significant effect on fatty acid composition in intramuscular fat of LLM. The diet with both rapeseed and soybean oil significantly increased the content of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid (ALA) in intramuscular fat. Both types of oil significantly increased total PUFA, n-3 PUFA, and the PUFA:SFA ratio. The significant decrease of n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio was observed in groups fed rapeseed oil for four and six weeks. Dietary addition of oils did not have any significant effect on average daily gain, carcass traits, and physical characteristics of LLM of pigs. However, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were reduced in the groups with soybean oil supplement. The results show that rapeseed oil supplementation (two weeks before slaughter) has positive effect on n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio and increase of ALA without negative effect on meat and fat quality.(AU)

The effect of different levels of lentil by product on growth performance, carcass traits and egg yield in quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)

The subject of this study was to evaluate the effects of lentil byproduct (LP) on growth performance, carcass traits and egg yield of quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). To achieve this goal, a total of 600 0-day-old quail chicks were used. The birds were divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th groups received 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% lentil byproduct, respectively. All the diets were prepared as isonitrogenous and isocaloric. As a result of this study, the highest live body weights of quails as Laudadio mixed gender were observed in the 3rd (195.5 g) and 5th (195.3 g) groups at the end of the study, however the differences between the control and treatment groups were not significant (p>0.05). Similar results were observed in the carcass traits, as well. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was noted in both the 2nd and 3rd groups as 3.04 and it was significantly (p<0.05) different than in the control and other treatment groups. The least feed intake (FI) was observed in the 2nd group. The highest and the lowest egg yield percentages were in the 3rd (90.78 %) and 5th (66.57 %) groups, and differences were significant (p<0.01). Linear increments were observed in the yolk color when LP increased in the diet. As a result, it could be concluded that lentil by product could be added into quail diets up to 15% with no negative effect on live body weight (BW) and carcass traits and to get better yolk color.(AU)

The effect of different levels of lentil by product on growth performance, carcass traits and egg yield in quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)

The subject of this study was to evaluate the effects of lentil byproduct (LP) on growth performance, carcass traits and egg yield of quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). To achieve this goal, a total of 600 0-day-old quail chicks were used. The birds were divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th groups received 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% lentil byproduct, respectively. All the diets were prepared as isonitrogenous and isocaloric. As a result of this study, the highest live body weights of quails as Laudadio mixed gender were observed in the 3rd (195.5 g) and 5th (195.3 g) groups at the end of the study, however the differences between the control and treatment groups were not significant (p>0.05). Similar results were observed in the carcass traits, as well. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was noted in both the 2nd and 3rd groups as 3.04 and it was significantly (p<0.05) different than in the control and other treatment groups. The least feed intake (FI) was observed in the 2nd group. The highest and the lowest egg yield percentages were in the 3rd (90.78 %) and 5th (66.57 %) groups, and differences were significant (p<0.01). Linear increments were observed in the yolk color when LP increased in the diet. As a result, it could be concluded that lentil by product could be added into quail diets up to 15% with no negative effect on live body weight (BW) and carcass traits and to get better yolk color.

The effect of lentil-by product on growth performance and carcass traits of heavy white turkeys

The subject of this study was to figure out the effects of lentil by product (LP) on growth performance and carcass traits of the white heavy turkeys. To accomplish this goal, a total of 210 day old big-6 turkey chicks were used. The birds were divided into 7 seven groups with 3 replicates. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th groups received 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 % lentil by product, respectively. All the diets were made as izonitrojenic and izocaloric. The highest live body weights of males and females were observed in the control group at the end of the 15th week, which was the time of slaughtering of females, however the differences between the control and the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were not significant (p>0.05). The same differences continued for males at the end of the 17th wk of age, which was the time of slaughtering of males. Similar results were observed in carcass traits, as well. The best FCR was noted in the control group and it was significantly (p<0.05) different than in the treatment groups. The lowest and highest feed intake was observed in the 7th and 3rd groups. No significant differences were observed between control and all treatment groups. As a result, it could be said that lentil by product could be added into turkey diets up to 15% with no negative effect on live body weight and carcass traits because there was no significant differences between control and treatment groups (5, 10,15 % LP).

The effect of lentil-by product on growth performance and carcass traits of heavy white turkeys

The subject of this study was to figure out the effects of lentil by product (LP) on growth performance and carcass traits of the white heavy turkeys. To accomplish this goal, a total of 210 day old big-6 turkey chicks were used. The birds were divided into 7 seven groups with 3 replicates. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th groups received 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 % lentil by product, respectively. All the diets were made as izonitrojenic and izocaloric. The highest live body weights of males and females were observed in the control group at the end of the 15th week, which was the time of slaughtering of females, however the differences between the control and the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were not significant (p>0.05). The same differences continued for males at the end of the 17th wk of age, which was the time of slaughtering of males. Similar results were observed in carcass traits, as well. The best FCR was noted in the control group and it was significantly (p<0.05) different than in the treatment groups. The lowest and highest feed intake was observed in the 7th and 3rd groups. No significant differences were observed between control and all treatment groups. As a result, it could be said that lentil by product could be added into turkey diets up to 15% with no negative effect on live body weight and carcass traits because there was no significant differences between control and treatment groups (5, 10,15 % LP).(AU)

Functional oils affect blood and bacteriological parameters in sheep / Los aceites funcionales afectan parámetros sanguíneos y bacteriológicos en ovinos / Óleos funcionais afetam parâmetros sanguíneos e bacteriológicos em ovinos

Abstract Background: Feeding ionophores to sheep is intended for improving feed efficiency. Functional oils (FO) are an alternative to the use of ionophores. Objective: To evaluate the effect of feeding FO to sheep on blood parameters and fecal bacteria. Methods: Five sheep were used in a Latin square design with five treatments: 190, 285, 380, 570, and 675 g/t FO in the diet. White cell count and levels of blood glucose, total protein, urea nitrogen, and fecal bacteria presence in feces were determined. Results: The FO levels did not affect serum parameters. Salmonella spp was found only in feces of sheep fed 190 mg/t FO. Conclusion: Functional oils can be added to sheep diets to reduce the presence of Salmonella spp in the feces.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los ionóforos se suministran a los ovinos para mejorar la eficiencia alimenticia. Una alternativa al uso de ionóforos son los aceites funcionales (FO). Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del suministro de FO en el alimento sobre los parámetros sanguíneos y bacterias fecales de ovinos. Métodos: Cinco ovejos fueron usados en un diseño de cuadrado latino con cinco tratamientos: 190, 285, 380, 570 y 675 g/t FO en la dieta. Se realizó conteo de leucocitos y niveles de glucosa, proteína total y nitrógeno ureico, y se determinó la presencia de bacterias fecales. Resultados: La inclusión dietaria de FO no afectó los parametros séricos. Se encontró Salmonella spp únicamente en heces de los ovinos que habían consumido 190 mg/t FO. Conclusión: Se puede agregar FO a la dieta de ovinos para reducir la presencia de Salmonella spp en heces.

Resumo Antecedentes: Na produção animal, ionóforos são ingeridos por ovinos para melhorar a eficiência alimentar. Alternativa ao uso de ionóforos são os óleos funcionais (FO). Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos de FO em ovinos por meio da alimentação sobre os parâmetros sanguíneos e bacteriológicos. Métodos: Cinco ovinos foram usados em Quadrado Latino com cinco tratamentos: 190, 285, 380, 570 e 675 g/t FO nas dietas. Contagem de leucócitos e níveis de glicose, proteína total, nitrogênio ureico e presença de bactérias nas fezes foram determinados. Resultados: Os níveis de FO não afetaram os níveis séricos dos fatores mencionados. Salmonella spp foi encontrada somente em fezes de ovinos que haviam ingerido dietas com 190 mg/t FO. Conclusão: Óleos funcionais podem ser adicionados em dietas para ovinos para reduzir a presença de Salmonella spp nas fezes.

Carcass characteristics and sensorial evaluation of meat from Nellore steers and crossbred Angus vs. Nellore bulls / Características de carcaça e avaliação sensorial da carne de novilhos Nelore e touros cruzados Angus vs. Nelore

This study evaluated animal performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of 36-month old Nellore steers finished in pastures (n = 10) and 20-month old Angus vs. Nellore bulls finished in feedlot (n = 10). Final body weight, carcass weight, characteristics, conformation and fat thickness, were higher (p < 0.001) for the Nellore steers than for Angus vs. Nellore bulls. Water losses during chilling (24hours, 4oC) were lower (p < 0.05) for Nellore steers than for the Angus vs. Nellore bulls. Muscle percentage on the 6th rib was higher (p < 0.05) for the Nellore steers than for Angus vs. Nellore bulls; while bone percentage was lower (p < 0.05) for Nellore steers. After 7 and 14 days of ageing, the L* meat value was higher for the Nellore steers than for the Angus vs. Nellore bulls; the L* meat value was similar (p > 0.05) throughout the ageing period for the Angus vs. Nellore bulls, but higher in meat from the Nellore steers (p < 0.05). Genetic group had no effect (p > 0.05) on meat a* value (redness). Likewise, ageing time had no effect on a* in both genetic groups, and genetic group had no effect (p > 0.05) on meat b* value (yellowness). On the other hand, b* was increased after day 7 of ageing for the bulls from the two genetic groups. Thawing and cooking losses were lower for Nellore steers after day 7 of aging (p < 0.05). The meat of the Angus vs. Nellore bulls was more tender (p < 0.05) at all ageing times studied (1, 4, 7 and 14 days) than the meat of the Nellore steers. Genetic group had no effect (p > 0.05) on lipid oxidation; however, lipid oxidation increased after day7. Meat from Nellore steers contained a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA), a lower percentage of unsaturated (UFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and a similar percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than the meat from Angus vs. Nellore bulls.(AU)

Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar o desempenho animal, características de carcaça e qualidade da carne de novilhos Nelore terminados em pastagens e abatidos aos 36 meses de idade (n = 10) e machos não castrados Angus vs. Nelores abatidos aos 20 meses de idade (n = 10). O peso final, peso, características e conformação da carcaça e espessura de gordura de cobertura foram maiores (p < 0,001) para os novilhos Nelores do que para os mestiços Angus vs. Nelores. As perdas de água durante o resfriamento (24 horas, 4º C) foram menores (p < 0,05) para os novilhos Nelores do que para os mestiços Angus vs. Nelores. A percentagem de músculo na 6ª costela foi maior (p < 0,05) para os novilhos Nelores do que para os mestiços Angus vs. Nelores; enquanto que a percentagem de osso foi menor (p < 0,05) para os novilhos Nelores. Após 7 e 14 dias de maturação, o valor de L* da carne foi maior (p < 0,05) para os novilhos Nelores do que para os mestiços Angus vs. Nelores. O valor de L* foi similar (p > 0,05) ao longo da maturação para os mestiços Angus vs. Nelores; enquanto que o valor de L* da carne dos novilhos Nelores aumentou (p < 0,05). O grupo genético não teve efeito (p > 0,05) sobre o valor de a* (cor vermelha). Da mesma forma, o tempo de maturação não teve efeito (p > 0,05) para os animais dos dois grupos genéticos. O grupo genético não teve efeito (p > 0,05) sobre o valor de b* (cor amarela). Por outro lado, o tempo de maturação aumentou o valor de b* após o sétimo dia para os animais dos dois grupos genéticos. A perda por descongelamento e cocção foi menor (p < 0,05) para os novilhos Nelores após o sétimo dia de maturação. A carne dos mestiços Angus vs. Nelores foi mais macia (p < 0,05) em todos os tempos de maturação (1, 4, 7 e 14 dias) do que a carne dos novilhos Nelores. O grupo genético não teve efeito (p > 0,05) sobre a oxidação de lipídeos; no entanto, a oxidação de lipídeos aumentou após o sétimo dia.(AU)

Carcass characteristics and sensorial evaluation of meat from Nellore steers and crossbred Angus vs. Nellore bulls / Características de carcaça e avaliação sensorial da carne de novilhos Nelore e touros cruzados Angus vs. Nelore

This study evaluated animal performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of 36-month old Nellore steers finished in pastures (n = 10) and 20-month old Angus vs. Nellore bulls finished in feedlot (n = 10). Final body weight, carcass weight, characteristics, conformation and fat thickness, were higher (p 0.05) throughout the ageing period for the Angus vs. Nellore bulls, but higher in meat from the Nellore steers (p 0.05) on meat a* value (redness). Likewise, ageing time had no effect on a* in both genetic groups, and genetic group had no effect (p > 0.05) on meat b* value (yellowness). On the other hand, b* was increased after day 7 of ageing for the bulls from the two genetic groups. Thawing and cooking losses were lower for Nellore steers after day 7 of aging (p 0.05) on lipid oxidation; however, lipid oxidation increased after day7. Meat from Nellore steers contained a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA), a lower percentage of unsaturated (UFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and a similar percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than the meat from Angus vs. Nellore bulls.

Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar o desempenho animal, características de carcaça e qualidade da carne de novilhos Nelore terminados em pastagens e abatidos aos 36 meses de idade (n = 10) e machos não castrados Angus vs. Nelores abatidos aos 20 meses de idade (n = 10). O peso final, peso, características e conformação da carcaça e espessura de gordura de cobertura foram maiores (p 0,05) ao longo da maturação para os mestiços Angus vs. Nelores; enquanto que o valor de L* da carne dos novilhos Nelores aumentou (p 0,05) sobre o valor de a* (cor vermelha). Da mesma forma, o tempo de maturação não teve efeito (p > 0,05) para os animais dos dois grupos genéticos. O grupo genético não teve efeito (p > 0,05) sobre o valor de b* (cor amarela). Por outro lado, o tempo de maturação aumentou o valor de b* após o sétimo dia para os animais dos dois grupos genéticos. A perda por descongelamento e cocção foi menor (p 0,05) sobre a oxidação de lipídeos; no entanto, a oxidação de lipídeos aumentou após o sétimo dia.

Asociación de medidas morfométricas con grasa en el anca en caballos de salto en una escuela ecuestre de Bogotá / Association of morphometric measurements with rump fat in jumping horses in an equestrian school in Bogotá / Associação de medidas morfométricas com gordura na anca em cavalos de salto em uma escola equestre de Bogotá

Se realizó un estudio para conocer la relación de medidas morfométricas y engrasamiento corporal medido por ultrasonido en caballos de salto de una escuela ecuestre en Bogotá. Se midieron caballos de salto machos adultos mestizos de silla argentina por criollo colombiano (n = 9) que se encontraban en entrenamiento. Las medidas analizadas fueron altura a la cruz (AC), perímetro torácico (PT), longitud corporal (LC), perímetro de caña posterior (PCP), peso real (PR), peso estimado (PES), espeso de grasa dorsal (EGD), espesor de grasa en el anca (EGA), área de ojo de lomo (AOL). Para estimar el engrasamiento se calcularon el índice de masa corporal (basado en medidas morfométricas) y el porcentaje de grasa corporal (basado en medidas de grasa por ultrasonido). Se realizó estadística descriptiva y análisis de componentes principales. Los promedios encontrados para AC, PT, LC, PCP, PES, PR, EGD, EGA y AOL fueron 1,69 ± 0,02 m, 1,89 ± 0,04 m, 1,67 ± 0,07 m, 26 ± 1,82 m, 526 ± 36 kg, 525 ± 33 kg, 2,34 ± 0,32 mm, 2,12 ± 0,15 mm y 58 ± 4,7 cm² respectivamente. El índice de masa promedio estimado fue de 183,97 ± 11 y el porcentaje de grasa corporal promedio fue de 14,07 ± 0,85. Los dos métodos para estimar el engrasamiento (r = 0,41) se correlacionaron significativamente.

The study aimed to determine the relationship of morphometric measurements and body fattening measured by ultrasound in jumping horses at an equestrian school in Bogotá. Adult male jumping horses in training, mixed breed of Argentine and Colombian Creole (n = 9), were measured. The analyzed measurements were wither height (WH), thoracic perimeter (TP), body length (BL), hind leg perimeter (HLP), actual weight (AW), estimated weight (EW), backfat thickness (BT), rump fat thickness (RFT), and loin eye area (LEA). To estimate fattening, body mass index (based on morphometric measurements) and body fat percentage (based on fat measurements by ultrasound) were calculated. Descriptive statistics and principal component analysis were performed. The averages found for WH, TP, BL, HLP, AW, EW, BT, RFT, and LEA were 1.69 ± 0.02 m, 1.89 ± 0.04 m, 1.67 ± 0.07 m, 26 ± 1.82 m, 526 ± 36 kg, 525 ± 33 kg, 2.34 ± 0.32 mm, 2.12 ± 0.15 mm, and 58 ± 4.7 cm², respectively. The estimated average body mass index was 183.97 ± 11, and the average body fat percentage was 14.07 ± 0.85. The two methods for estimating fattening (r = 0.41) were significantly correlated.

Realizou-se um estudo para conhecer a relação de medidas morfométricas e adiposidade corporal medido por ultrassom em cavalos de salto de uma escola equestre em Bogotá. Mediram-se cavalos de salto machos adultos mestiços de sela argentina por criollo colombiano (n = 9) que estavam em treinamento. As medidas analisadas foram altura até a cruz (AC), perímetro torácico (PT), longitude corporal (LC), perímetro de cana posterior (PR, PCP), peso real (PR), peso estimado (PES), espessura de gordura dorsal (EGD), espessura de gordura na anca (EGA), área de olho de lombo (AOL). Para calcular a gordura se calcularam o índice de massa corporal (baseado em medidas morfométricas) e a porcentagem de gordura corporal (baseado em medidas de gordura por ultrassom). Realizou-se estatística descritiva e análise de componentes principais. As médias encontradas para AC, PT, LC, PES, EGD, EGA e AOL foram 1,69 ± 0,02 m, 1,89 ± 0,04 m, 1,67 ± 0,07 m, 26 ± 1,82 m, 526 ± 36 kg, 525 ± 33 kg, 2,34 ± 0,32 mm, 2,12 ± 0,15 mm e 58 ± 4,7 cm² respectivamente. O índice de massa média estimada foi de 183,97 ± 11 e a porcentagem de gordura corporal média foi de 14,07 ± 0,85. Os dois métodos para estimar a adiposidade (r = 0,41) se correlacionaram significativamente.

Esfuerzo reproductivo, índice de engorde y rendimiento de Arca zebra (Filibranchia: Arcidae) por talla y su asociación con variables ambientales, Sucre, Venezuela / Reproductive effort, fattening index and yield of Arca zebra (Filibranchia: Arcidae) by length and its association with environmental variables, Sucre, Venezuela

ResumenArca zebra, es un molusco de importancia comercial, cuya pesquería tiene un alto impacto socioeconómico en la región nororiental de Venezuela. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el esfuerzo reproductivo (ER), índice de engorde (iE) y el rendimiento (R) en A. zebra por grupos de longitud (LT) en el morro de Chacopata, península de Araya, Venezuela entre junio 2008 y junio 2009. Los organismos fueron distribuidos en tres grupos de longitud: i (30.1 a 50.0 mm), ii (50.1 a 70.0 mm) y iii (>70.0 mm). Mensualmente se determinó el ER, iE y R basados en las variaciones del volumen de la carne fresca (VCF), volumen intervalvar (ViV), biomasa seca de la gónada (PSg), biomasa seca del organismo sin gónada (PSs), biomasa fresca de la carne (BCF) y biomasa total del organismo incluyendo la concha (BTiC). Las variables ambientales temperatura, salinidad, oxígeno disuelto, seston total, orgánico e inorgánico y la clorofila a se midieron mensualmente. Existe gran variación en el PSg entre los grupos de longitud, siendo relevante en el ii y iii, con un aumento desde junio hasta finales de septiembre 2008 y una disminución notable en octubre 2008, para luego recuperarse en los meses siguientes y descender en enero 2009, con un ligero incremento hasta mayo 2009 que se asoció a las variaciones de la temperatura del mar. El peso de la gónada (PSg) influyó sobre el ER, IE y R, ya que estos alcanzaron sus máximos valores en los meses donde hubo mayor producción gonádica, indicando la influencia que ejerce la temperatura en la reproducción de A. zebra.

AbstractArca zebra is a mollusk of commercial value and a major socioeconomic fishery in Northeastern Venezuela. The present study aimed to evaluate the reproductive effort (RE), fattening index (Fi) and yield (Y) in different size groups of A. zebra from the morro Chacopata, Venezuela. For this, monthly samplings from June 2008 and June 2009, were undertaken, and the bivalves obtained were distributed in three length groups: i (30.1 to 50.0 mm), ii (50.1 to 70.0 mm) and iii (> 70.0 mm). Monthly RE, Fi and Y were determined based on bivalve changes in volume of fresh meat (VFM), intervalvar volume (iV), dry gonad biomass (DW), dry biomass of the organism without gonad (DWs), fresh biomass of meat (FBM) and total biomass including shell (TBiS). Besides, environmental variables such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total organic and inorganic seston and chlorophyll a were measured monthly. There was great variation in the DW between length groups (relevant for ii and iii): increased from June until late September 2008, was followed by a marked decrease in October 2008, recovered in the following months, and decreased in January 2009, with a slight increase until May 2009; these changes were associated with variations in sea temperature. The weight of the gonad (DW) influenced the RE, Fi and Y, as these reached their peaks in the months where there was higher gonadal production, indicating the influence of temperature on A. zebra reproduction. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (2): 617-633. Epub 2016 June 01.