Ageism in dental students - a multicentric study in southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: Gerontological education and intergenerational contact are proven strategies for effectively combating ageism. In this context, this study investigates the association between gerontological education, intergenerational contact, and ageism among dental students. METHODS: Gerontological education from students' perspective, intergenerational contact, and ageism were assessed using a questionnaire containing sociodemographical aspects and an ageism scale (ASDS-Braz). The sample included students enrolled in the final year of dental programs at three public universities in southern Brazil. A multilevel Poisson regression was conducted to assess factors associated with ASDS-Braz scores. RESULTS: A modest correlation was identified between dental schools in terms of reducing ageism, and a weak correlation was found between self-reported race and ageism. Notably, statistically significant findings were observed across family relationship with older individuals: students who reported having a poor relationship with older adults in their families presented 45% higher ageism scores than did those with an excellent relationship. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that while some gerontological education was reported by the participants, it may not be sufficient to prepare dental students to provide effective oral healthcare to older adults and to reduce ageism among them. Additionally, reinforcing positive aspects of intergenerational relationships may be an additional strategy in combating ageism within this population.

Validismo en el anciano. Contexto social y capacidad funcional

Fundamento: el envejecimiento es un hecho que afecta a toda la población mundial, y de manera considerable, a los países más desarrollados, en los que la esperanza de vida ha ido aumentando tal y como se refleja en el informe de Naciones Unidas. Objetivo: describir el contexto social y capacidad funcional en gerontos del consultorio # 8 del Área de Salud I del municipio Cienfuegos durante el año 2022. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se seleccionó aleatoriamente una muestra del 30 % para un total de 131 ancianos. Se realizó una entrevista estructurada, que recogió las variables generales: edad, sexo, nivel de escolaridad, ocupación, antecedentes patológicos personales, la colaboración de apoyo y para completar la valoración social se aplicó el Cuestionario de Funcionamiento Familiar. Resultados: el grupo de edad de 60 a 65 años tuvo más prevalencia, el 45,5 % estudió hasta la primaria terminada, seguidos de los de secundaria terminada con el 29,0 %. Los jubilados estuvieron representados en un 38,9 %, las principales enfermedades no transmisibles que prevalecieron fueron: la hipertensión arterial, la cardiopatía isquémica y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, el 40,4 % vivía solo, el 19,8 % tenía cuidador, el 14,5 % no recibían apoyo y el 9,9 % de los ancianos que se encontraban en probable estado de necesidad social. Conclusiones: un adulto mayor bien nutrido, querido, apoyado, con todas las necesidades básicas satisfechas, así como todas las enfermedades asociadas propias de esta etapa de la vida compensadas, tendrá en cualquier sociedad una mejor calidad de vida.

Foundation: aging is a fact that affects the entire world population, and considerably, the most developed countries, in which life expectancy has been increasing as reflected in the United Nations report. Objective: to describe the social context and functional capacity in gerontos of clinic # 8 of Health Area I of the Cienfuegos municipality during the year 2022. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. A 30 % sample was randomly selected for a total of 131 elderly people. A structured interview was carried out, which included the general variables: age, sex, level of education, occupation, personal pathological history, support collaboration and to complete the social assessment, the Family Functioning Questionnaire was applied. Results: the age group of 60 to 65 years had the most prevalence, 45.5 % studied until they completed primary school, followed by those who completed secondary school with 29.0 %. Retirees were represented at 38.9 %, the main non-communicable diseases that prevailed were: high blood pressure, ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, 40.4 % lived alone, 19.8 % had a caregiver, 14.5 % did not receive support and 9.9 % of the elderly who were in a probable state of social need. Conclusions: a well-nourished, loved, supported older adult, with all basic needs satisfied, as well as all associated diseases typical of this stage of life compensated, will have a better quality of life in any society.

Effects of empathy training on psychological concerns and empathy in caregivers of older people: A randomized, double-blind, crossover, clinical trial with follow-up.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of empathy training on psychological concerns and empathy in caregivers of older people. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, crossover, clinical trial with follow-up was conducted online. Thirty paid and unpaid caregivers of older people from different regions of Brazil participated in an empathy training program. The caregivers answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and measures for the evaluation of empathy (affective and cognitive domains), burden, the impact of providing care as well as depressive symptoms and psychiatric symptoms before and immediately after training. Empathy and its domains were also assessed at three post-intervention follow-ups. RESULTS: Empathy training diminished levels of psychological concerns. Moreover, an increase was found in levels of cognitive empathy 15, 30 and 60 days after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Empathy training with a focus on cognitive empathy diminished psychological concerns in caregivers of older people and increased the levels of this ability over time. This intervention can be considered a coping strategy for negative impacts related to providing care. CLINICA LTRIAL REGISTRATION: RBR-8kjtfx3.

A propósito del debate actual sobre el envejecimiento en Cuba

El envejecimiento poblacional constituye uno de los logros y uno de los retos más importantes del desarrollo de las sociedades. La principal causa del envejecimiento es el descenso de la fecundidad de las mujeres, y en menor proporción la emigración externa, sobre todo de jóvenes. En Cuba, ya mueren más que los que nacen, debido fundamentalmente a los bajos niveles de reemplazo en la fecundidad, situación agravada en los años de la pandemia de COVID-19. Entre las consecuencias negativas del envejecimiento poblacional, se identifican cuatro principales: sanitarias, económicas, socioculturales y legales; entre las positivas, hay algunos reportes de cohortes de personas que llegan a edades avanzadas en mejor estado físico y mental. Los cambios ocurridos en la institución familiar en muchas sociedades y la discriminación por edad de los mayores, tienen consecuencias graves para la salud, el bienestar y los derechos humanos de los ancianos. Se considera que existe mucha información sobre el "diagnóstico" y el "pronóstico" del envejecimiento poblacional, pero hay menos acerca de acciones eficaces para su "tratamiento", aspecto complejo y difícil de enfrentar. Se exponen algunas propuestas de mitigación de estos inevitables cambios demográficos. El propósito de esta comunicación es comentar determinados aspectos del envejecimiento de la población cubana.

Population aging constitutes one of the achievements and one of the most important challenges in the development of societies. The main cause of aging is the decrease in the fertility of women and to a lesser extent external emigration, especially of young people. In Cuba, more people die than are born, mainly due to low replacement levels in fertility, a situation aggravated in the years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the negative consequences of population aging, four main ones are identified: health, economic, sociocultural and legal; among the positive ones, there are some reports of cohorts of people who reach advanced ages in better physical and mental condition. The changes that have occurred in the family institution in many societies and the age discrimination of the elderly have serious consequences for the health, well-being and human rights of the elderly. It is considered that there is a lot of information about the "diagnosis" and "prognosis" of population aging, but there is less about effective actions for its "treatment", a complex and difficult aspect to face. Some proposals are presented to mitigate these inevitable demographic changes. The purpose of this communication is to comment on certain aspects of the aging of the Cuban population.

Sociodemographic Profile, Health Conditions, and Burden of Informal Caregivers of Older Adults in Brazil During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional, Exploratory, Noninterventional, Descriptive Study.

BACKGROUND: Demographic changes in the world population have resulted in an increasingly aging society, with a progressive increase in the number of people in situations of dependence, who require assistance from family members to meet their basic needs. Caring for older adults involves performing diverse activities, resulting in reduced free time and tiredness, and fulfilling the demands and expectations related to personal, family, physical, and social life, consequently compromising the quality of life of the caregiver. In this context, the informal caregiver of hospitalized older adults emerges as the focus of attention. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the sociodemographic profile, health conditions, and burden of informal caregivers of older adults admitted to a university hospital in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic period. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study that was conducted with 25 informal caregivers of hospitalized older adults in a university hospital in Brazil between August and September 2022. Three instruments were applied: Caregiver Burden Inventory, sociodemographic questionnaire, and health conditions questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 28.0. Descriptive (frequency and percentage) and inferential analyses were performed using 2-sided Student t test with 95% CIs. RESULTS: Of the 25 interviewees, 18 (72%) were females, 17 (46%) were married or in a stable union, 14 (56%) completed secondary education, and 11 (44%) lived with the older adults who needed care. The average age of the participants was 44 (SD 12.8) years. Regarding their health conditions, most caregivers self-reported it as good (12/25, 48%). They provided care to their father or mother older than 70 years (14/25, 56%). The Caregiver Burden Inventory analysis showed that the caregivers were the most negatively impacted in the domains of personal life overload (mean 10.8, SD 3.46; P=.047) and physical overload (mean 10.6, SD 2.32; P=.02). CONCLUSIONS: In recent years, there has been an increase in the burden on informal caregivers of hospitalized older adults in Brazil, thereby impacting their personal and physical lives. The findings of our study show that health care professionals should be trained to promote health guidelines and actions to improve the personal and physical lives of the caregiver population in Brazil.

Family caregivers' satisfaction with telerehabilitation and follow-up intervention for older people with dementia: Randomized clinical trial.

The present study aimed to assess caregiver satisfaction with a telerehabilitation program and remote monitoring for older adults with dementia and their caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to identify the factors influencing caregiver satisfaction. This study adopted a mixed-methods approach and was part of a randomized clinical trial, with blinded assessors, comprising two groups: the Intervention Group (IG) receiving a telerehabilitation program involving standardized physical exercises for older adults with dementia, along with caregiver guidelines for the caregiver; and the Control Group (CG) receiving remote monitoring. At baseline, factors related to older adults with dementia and their caregivers were measured. After 12 weeks, caregiver satisfaction with the interventions was assessed. The final sample consisted of 64 pairs of family caregivers and older people with dementia. Caregivers in the IG showed higher satisfaction levels with the intervention, Internet-based treatment, and healthcare received compared to caregivers in the CG. Both groups expressed positive views towards the treatment, with excellent ratings for audio and video quality, and a preference for Internet-based treatment over face-to-face. In the IG, only the amount of time dedicated to caregiving influenced satisfaction with the intervention, whereas in the CG, cognitive and functional performance of the older people influenced satisfaction with remote monitoring. Our findings suggest the potential of the program in providing effective care for older people with dementia and their caregivers.

Geriatric and Gerontology Research: A Scientometric Investigation of Open Access Journal Articles Indexed in the Scopus Database.

BACKGROUND: Scientometric analyses of specific topics in geriatrics and gerontology have grown robustly in scientific literature. However, analyses using holistic and interdisciplinary approaches are scarce in this field of research. This article aimed to demonstrate research trends and provide an overview of bibliometric information on publications related to geriatrics and gerontology. METHODS: We identified relevant articles on geriatrics and gerontology using the search terms "geriatrics," "gerontology," "older people," and "elderly." VOSviewer was used to perform bibliometric analysis. RESULTS: A total of 858 analyzed articles were published in 340 journals. Among the 10 most contributory journals, five were in the United States, with the top journal being the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. The United States was the leading country in research, followed by Japan, Canada, and the United Kingdom. A total of 5,278 keywords were analyzed. In the analysis of research hotspots, the main global research topics in geriatrics and gerontology were older adults (n=663), education and training (n=471), and adults aged 80 years (n=461). These were gradually expanded to include areas related to caring for older adults, such as geriatric assessments (n=395). CONCLUSION: These results provide direction for fellow researchers to conduct studies in geriatrics and gerontology. In addition, they provide government departments with guidance for formulating and implementing policies that affect older adults, not only in setting academic and professional priorities but also in understanding key topics related to them.

Psychometric Properties of and Measurement Invariance in the Questionnaire of Stereotypes Toward Older Adulthood in Health Care College Students and Health Professionals of Colombia: Psychometric Study.

BACKGROUND: In health professionals, negative stereotypes toward older adulthood have been associated with the difficulty in recognizing pathological processes and the refusal to care for older patients because of assuming that communication with them will be uncomfortable and frustrating. For these reasons, research on stereotypes in these groups has acquired growing importance. The usual strategy to identify and evaluate agist stereotypes is to use scales and questionnaires. Although multiple scales are currently used, in Latin America, the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Negative Stereotypes Toward Older Adulthood (Cuestionario de Estereotipos Negativos sobre la Vejez [CENVE]), developed in Spain, is widely used but without evidence of construct validity in our context. In addition, although in the original version, a factorial structure of 3 factors was found, in later studies, a unifactorial structure was obtained. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to study the construct validity of the CENVE in a sample of Colombian health personnel to clarify its factorial structure and concurrent validity. Likewise, the measurement invariance according to gender and age was studied. METHODS: A nonprobabilistic sample of 877 Colombian health professionals and intern health students was obtained. The data were collected online using the LimeSurvey tool. To study the factor structure of the CENVE, 2 confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models were carried out, one to test a single factor and the other to test the 3-related-factor structure. The factor measurement reliability was evaluated with the composite reliability index (CRI) and the average variance extracted (AVE). The measurement invariance was studied according to gender (men and women) and age (emerging adults, 18-29 years old, and adults, 30 years old or older). Using a structural equation model, the relationship between age and the latent CENVE total score was studied to obtain evidence of concurrent validity, since studies indicate that the younger the age, the greater the number of stereotypes. RESULTS: The 1-factor structure was confirmed. The reliability results indicated that both indices show adequate values. Likewise, the existence of a strong invariance in measurement by gender and age group was verified. After contrasting the means of the groups, the results showed that men show more negative stereotypes toward old age than women. Likewise, emerging adults also showed more stereotypes than adults. We also verified that age is inversely related to the latent score of the questionnaire, such that the younger the age, the greater the stereotype. These results are in agreement with those obtained by other authors. CONCLUSIONS: The CENVE shows good construct and concurrent validity, as well as good reliability, and it can be used to assess stereotypes toward older adulthood in Colombian health professionals and health sciences college students. This will allow us to better understand the effect of stereotypes on agism.

Performance of older adults in a digital change detection task: The role of heterogeneous education.

The influence of education on traditional paper-and-pen cognitive assessments is widely reported. However, a minimal amount of evidence is available regarding the role of education in digital tasks. This study aimed to compare the performance of older adults with different educational attainment in a digital change detection task, as well as to relate their performance on the digital task and traditional paper-based tests. Participants (n = 180) were recruited in primary health care settings from a countryside city in the state of Sao Paulo-Brazil and were assigned to three different groups according to their educational background. Traditional paper-based neuropsychological instruments (i.e., ACE-R, Digit Span, Bells test) were used in addition to a digital change detection task. There was no difference in reaction time on the change detection task between the groups; however, participants with higher educational levels performed better than illiterates or lower education groups. The digital test was correlated to ACE-R total score as well as to its language domain. Our results suggested that the performance in the digital task was different for older adults with heterogeneous educational attainment. Technology is a promising pathway in cognitive assessment, and education should be considered in the interpretation of the results.

Como direcionar a formação do fisioterapeuta em Gerontologia no Brasil diante do envelhecimento populacional? / How to direct the training of physiotherapists in Gerontology in Brazil in the face of population aging?

O rápido envelhecimento populacional brasileiro mudou nosso cenário de saúde, o que exige que o profissional fisioterapeuta esteja preparado para lidar com as especificidades desta população. A Associação Brasileira de Fisioterapia em Gerontologia (ABRAFIGE), que tem a missão de fortalecer a especialidade e promover assistência qualificada em Fisioterapia em Gerontologia, propõe uma relação das competências fundamentais para formação no ensino nos cursos de graduação em Fisioterapia e de pósgraduação lato sensu em Fisioterapia em Gerontologia. Essa iniciativa visa auxiliar os gestores das Instituições de Ensino Superior das diversas regiões brasileiras no planejamento de tais cursos de forma a melhorar a qualidade da formação dos fisioterapeutas nessa área.

The rapid aging of the Brazilian population has changed the health scenario. Such a change requires physiotherapists to be prepared to deal with the specificities of this population. The Associação Brasileira de Fisioterapia em Gerontologia - ABRAFIGE (Brazilian Association of Physical Therapy in Gerontology), which has the mission of strengthening the specialty and the purpose of promoting qualified assistance in physical therapy in gerontology, proposes fundamental skills for training in teaching in undergraduate and graduate courses in physical therapy in gerontology. This initiative aims to assist administrators at higher education institutions in different regions of Brazil in the planning of such courses to improve the quality of the education of physiotherapists in this field.

Psychological Concerns Associated with Empathy in Paid and Unpaid Caregivers of Older People: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVES: Identify associations between psychological concerns and empathy (affective and cognitive domains) in paid and unpaid caregivers of older people. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Searches were performed in the Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus and Embase databases using the search terms "Empathy," "Caregiver," "Depression," "Burnout," Anxiety", Caregiver Burden" and "Psychological Stresses" and the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR." No restrictions were imposed regarding language or year of publication. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021267276). RESULTS: Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the present review. Most studies involved the participation of unpaid caregivers. Higher levels of empathy were associated with greater psychological concerns. Regarding affective empathy, direct associations were found with depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress. In contrast, high levels of cognitive empathy were associated with fewer depressive symptoms as well as less stress and burnout syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: An association was found between greater affective empathy and psychological impairment in caregivers of older people. Higher levels of cognitive empathy can help minimize psychological concerns. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Working on empathic ability among caregivers of older people in different environments can contribute positively to the emotional impact of caregiving. Moreover, empathetic cognitive training among caregivers can serve as a strategy to minimize the negative consequences of the impact of caregiving.

Effect of a Community Gerontology Program on the Control of Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican Older Adults.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is highly prevalent in older adults; it constitutes a risk factor for cognitive deterioration, frailty, and Alzheimer's disease. For this reason, the WHO has pointed out the importance of the implementation of community programs for the training of healthy aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a community gerontology program framed in active aging on the control of metabolic syndrome in older adults. Methods: An experimental study was carried out in a convenience sample of 80 older adults diagnosed with MS according to the ATPIII criteria, comprising (1) experimental group (EG), n = 40; (2) control group (CG), n = 40. During a 6-month period, the EG participated in a supervised community gerontology program, and the CG was assessed monthly. Results: A statistically significant decrease was observed in the number of components for the diagnosis of MS. In this regard, of the total of participants with a diagnosis of MS in EG, only 28% maintained the diagnosis of MS (ATPIII ≥ 3 criteria), in contrast to 83% of the CG participants (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that health self-care training within the framework of active aging is effective for the control of MS in older adults.

Chronic rapamycin pretreatment modulates arginase/inducible nitric oxide synthase balance attenuating aging-dependent susceptibility to Trypanosoma cruzi infection and acute myocarditis.

Considering the efficacy of rapamycin in increasing lifespan and healthspan, attenuating the aging-dependent immunological decline, we compared the evolution of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and acute myocarditis in young and elderly mice untreated and chronically treated with this drug. Five groups were investigated: young uninfected and infected, elderly uninfected and infected with Trypanosoma cruzi untreated and treated with rapamycin (4 mg/kg every 3 days) from the 8th to the 96th week of age. Seven days after the last treatment, elderly mice were inoculated with T. cruzi. Young animals were infected at 8-weeks-old. Untreated elderly mice exhibited increase parasitemia, parasite load and myocarditis, which were associated to down-regulation in IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF, anti-T. cruzi immunoglobulin G (IgG) total, IgG1 and IgG2a plasma levels, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression and nitric oxide (NO) cardiac production, as well as upregulation in Arginase-1 gene expression and arginase activity compared to young animals. These parameters were improved in rapamycin-pretreated elderly mice, which exhibited a better parasitological control, reduced heart inflammation and microstructural damage. These responses were associated with a better balance between Th1 and Th2 effectors similar to that observed in young animals, including an improved activation of Th1 cytokines and the iNOS pathway that positively regulates NO biosynthesis, contradicting the predominant activation of the arginase pathway in untreated elderly animals. Thus, our findings suggest that chronic pretreatment with rapamycin can attenuate immunosenescence in mice, contributing to prolong parasite resistance and attenuate acute myocarditis in elderly host challenged by T. cruzi.

Proposal for a Conceptual Framework for the Development of Geriatric Dentistry.

Demographic changes with an increasingly higher proportion of older adults worldwide and an epidemiologic transition resulting in more teeth retained and higher demand and expectations set up new scenarios for the oral health of the older population. Thus, geriatric dentistry must be reconfigured, transitioning from the traditional focus on prosthesis to a more holistic discipline, actively incorporating geriatric and gerontologic aspects. We describe some situations that provide the rationale for a new conceptual framework for the advancement of geriatric dentistry as a clinical specialty. On the basis of scientific evidence and our academic experience, we propose 4 concepts that should steer the discipline during the following years and become its structural pillars: minimal intervention dentistry, oral functionality, patient-centered care, and interdisciplinary teamwork. Since data and evidence are limited, a special focus on poor and developing countries is incorporated. Adjusting clinical guidelines and public health policies around these concepts will increase access to oral care for older people, including those with physical or social barriers, and will ensure better oral health-related quality of life and well-being. These concepts have deep consequences in the education and training of new dentists and specialists, at the public and private levels.

Crossroads of the academy: advice from a sometimes mistaken, but victorious trajectory / Encruzilhadas da academia: conselhos de uma trajetória às vezes equivocada, mas vitoriosa

An academic trajectory is marked by victories and defeats, hits and misses. Each trajectory is personal and unique. It's common to find oneself at a crossroads, with no clear choice or segue to the next step. At such times, we rely on advice from mentors and peers. From this viewpoint, I discuss seven directives I believe to be important for everyone involved in academic life, especially those in biomedicine and young professors or researchers in geriatrics and gerontology: (1) be empathetic, (2) be available, (3) be studious, (4) be different, (5) be communicative, internationally, (6) always be a mentor and a mentee, and (7) be a leader (not a boss) as soon as possible. These directives have helped me over the past 20 years, and if someone had given them to me at the beginning of my career, I would have been much more successful and have enjoyed a much smoother, happier ride down this road, avoiding many wrong turns

Uma trajetória acadêmica é marcada por vitórias e derrotas, acertos e erros. Cada trajetória é pessoal e única. É comum encontrar-se em uma encruzilhada, sem uma escolha clara ou seguimento para o próximo passo. Nessas ocasiões, contamos com o conselho de mentores e colegas. Desse ponto de vista, discuto sete diretrizes que considero importantes para todos os envolvidos na vida acadêmica, especialmente biomédicos e jovens professores ou pesquisadores em geriatria e gerontologia: (1) ser empático, (2) estar disponível, (3) ser estudioso, (4) ser diferente, (5) ser comunicativo internacionalmente, (6) ser sempre um mentor e um pupilo e (7) ser um líder (não um chefe) o mais rápido possível. Essas diretrizes ajudaram-me nos últimos 20 anos e, se alguém as tivesse dado a mim no início da minha carreira, eu teria tido muito mais sucesso e desfrutado de uma jornada muito mais tranquila e feliz por esta estrada, evitando muitas curvas erradas.

Sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em idosos na atenção primária à saúde em Maceió ­ AL / Anxiety and depression symptoms in older adults in Primary Health Care in Maceió ­ AL

Objetivo: Analisar a ocorrência de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em idosos atendidos na atenção primária à saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e não probabilístico realizado com 171 idosos com idade entre 60-94 anos atendidos em unidade de saúde atenção primária. Os idosos responderam um questionário sociodemográfico, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS-15) e Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica (GAI).Resultados: Os resultados demonstram uma alta prevalência de indivíduos do sexo feminino 72,5%. Além disso, identificou-se que idosos com idade entre 60-69 anos e baixa escolaridade apresentam maiores "sintomas depressivos". Os fatores "ser divorciado" e "baixa escolaridade" foram associados a "sintomas ansiosos" nos idosos. Conclusão: Os fatores sociodemográficos têm demonstrado bastante influência na ocorrência dos sintomas depressivos e ansiosos entre a população idosa. [au]

Objective: To analyze the occurrence of anxiety and depression symptoms in older adults treated in Primary Health Care. Method: This is a cross-sectional and non-probabilistic study carried out with 171 older adults aged 60-94 years old treated in a Primary Health Care unit. The aged individuals answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI). Results: The results show high prevalence of the symptoms in females (72.5%). In addition to that, it was identified that older adults aged 60-69 years old and with low schooling levels present higher levels of "depression symptoms". "Being divorced" and "low schooling" were factors associated with "anxiety symptoms" in older adults. Conclusion: The sociodemographic factors have proved to be quite influential in the occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms among older adults [au]

Panorama of teaching on older adults or aging in undergraduate nutrition programs at Brazilian Higher Education Institutions / Panorama do ensino sobre idosos ou envelhecimento nos cursos de graduação em nutrição das Instituições Brasileiras de Ensino Superior

Objective: This study aimed to present an overview of teaching about older adults or aging in undergraduate nutrition programs of higher education institutions (HEIs) in Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with data obtained from HEI websites in 2018. Results: Most of the 527 analyzed HEIs were private institutions (88.05%). Courses related to older adults/aging were offered by 63.98% of the HEIs; 58.04% included shared content (not only involving older adults), 76.15% were offered from the fifth to the eighth semester, 53.19% were theoretical, 61.51% had a workload ≥ 60 hours/semester, and 92.16% were mandatory pedagogical activities. Internships involving older adults (one or more) were observed only in 4.65% of the programs. Conclusions: Approximately one-third of Brazilian HEIs do not offer courses on older adults or aging in their undergraduate nutrition programs. However, population aging, with its inherent demands, is a reality in Brazil and in the world. Further studies are suggested to expand the reflection and contribute to a more qualified training of nutritionists for the care of older adults

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um panorama do ensino sobre idosos ou envelhecimento nos cursos de graduação em Nutrição das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) brasileiras. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, cujos dados foram obtidos nos endereços eletrônicos das IES em 2018. Resultados: Das 527 IES analisadas, a maioria era de ensino privado (88,05%). As disciplinas relacionadas aos idosos/envelhecimento eram oferecidas por 63,98% das IES, sendo 58,04% oferecidas de forma compartilhada (envolvendo não apenas idosos), 76,15% do 5o ao 8o semestre, 53,19% do tipo teórico, 61,51% possuíam carga horária ≥ 60 horas/semestre e 92,16% atividades pedagógicas obrigatórias. Estágio com o envolvimento de idosos (um ou mais) foi observado em apenas 4,65% dos cursos. Conclusão: Aproximadamente 1/3 das IES brasileiras não oferece disciplinas sobre idosos ou envelhecimento em seus cursos de graduação em Nutrição. Contudo, o envelhecimento populacional, com suas demandas inerentes, é uma realidade no Brasil e no mundo. Sugere-se que sejam conduzidos novos estudos para ampliar a reflexão e contribuir para uma formação de nutricionistas mais qualificada para o atendimento do idoso.

Influência da fragilidade e do declínio cognitivo na dupla-tarefa de idosos / Influence of frailty and cognitive decline in dual tasking in older adults

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional é uma conquista da sociedade mundial. A expectativa de vida aumenta à medida que melhora a condição de vida das pessoas, bem como o acesso destas a serviços de saúde de qualidade. Entretanto, parte dos idosos apresenta algumas alterações físicas que, em conjunto, são denominadas fragilidade. Essa síndrome é responsável por deixar o organismo mais vulnerável e, dessa maneira, causar desfechos negativos aos idosos como quedas, incapacidades, hospitalização e aumento da mortalidade. No fenótipo da fragilidade cinco itens são avaliados, dentre eles, a lentidão na velocidade da marcha, que tem mostrado relação com a cognição dos idosos. Entretanto, ainda não há um consenso sobre a causalidade entre a lentidão da velocidade de marcha, a dupla tarefa e o declínio cognitivo. Objetivo: Analisar a influência da fragilidade e do declínio cognitivo no desempenho da dupla-tarefa em idosos da comunidade de um município do interior de São Paulo. Método: Estudo transversal, de análise descritiva e analítica, desenvolvido com idosos usuários de um serviço de atendimento de Geriatria em um município paulista. Os principais instrumentos utilizados foram dados sociodemográficos, Fenótipo de Fragilidade, Mini Exame de Estado Mental (MEEM), Time up and Go (TUG). Os dados foram digitados no programa Microsoft Excel®. Para análise estatística utilizou-se o programa computacional The SAS System for Windows (Statistical Analysis System), versão 9.2, SAS Institute Inc, 2002-2008, Cary, NC, USA. As médias dos idosos foram comparadas por meio do Teste t Student. Foram realizadas regressões lineares e múltiplas, a fim de analisar a correlação entre variáveis sociodemográficas, de saúde e fragilidade com a velocidade de marcha mobilidade durante a dupla-tarefa motora e dupla-tarefa cognitiva. Todos os testes adotaram nível de significância de p≤0.05. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 219 idosos, com idade média de 72,55 (dp= 7,3) anos, predomínio na faixa etária de 60 a 79 anos (82,65%), maioria do sexo feminino (70,32%). A cor mais autorrelatada foi branca (69,41%), seguida da parda (17,35%); casados (52,05%), número médio de filhos foi de 3,04 e utilizavam o SUS (97,72%), como serviço de saúde predominante. A média da renda mensal foi de R$1459,60 reais (dp=934,55), sendo que a maioria, 155 idosos (70,78%), recebia mais do que um salário mínimo; 79,82% não tinham aposentadoria; 82,11% recebiam pensão; 94,04% tinham trabalho próprio e 94,95% residiam em imóveis alugados. A morbidade prevalente nessa população foi a hipertensão arterial (62,56%) seguida de artrite (46,12%), problemas de coluna (29,22%), diabetes mellitus (28,77%), ansiedade (24,20%) e sintomas depressivos (21,46%). A respeito da fragilidade, dois idosos (0,91%) foram caracterizados como não frágeis, 131 (59,82%) como pré-frágeis e 86 (39,27%) como frágeis. Quanto à cognição, 123 (57,48%) apresentavam declínio cognitivo. Na auto avaliação da memória, a maioria (52,05%) relatou boa memória e, quando comparada há um ano, 65,75% referiram ter se mantido igual. O tempo médio de marcha simples foi de 15,95 (7,02) segundos; na dupla-tarefa motora, o tempo médio foi de 17,64 (8,44) segundos e na dupla-tarefa cognitiva subiu para 23,88 (11,87) segundos. Os idosos com maior idade, do gênero feminino, sem companheiro, que não moravam sozinhos e com baixa escolaridade (0-4 anos) utilizaram mais tempo para realização da dupla-tarefa cognitiva e da dupla- tarefa motora, quando comparadas ao tempo de marcha simples. Pelos resultados da análise múltipla, verificou-se relação significativa de idade, hipertensão arterial, renda, fragilidade, asma/bronquite, número de morbidades e estado civil com a dupla-tarefa motora. Apesar de não ter sido constatada relação entre o declínio cognitivo e a diminuição de mobilidade velocidade de marcha, pode-se afirmar que os idosos que obtiveram maiores escores cognitivos foram os que alcançaram melhor desempenho na velocidade de marcha mobilidade quanto às duplas-tarefas analisadas. Conclusão: Esse estudo analisou a influência da fragilidade e do declínio cognitivo no desempenho da dupla-tarefa em idosos da comunidade e os resultados mostraram que idosos frágeis tiveram uma piora significativa no desempenho da marcha, tanto em marcha simples como em dupla-tarefa motora/cognitiva, quando comparados aos idosos não-frágeis ou pré-frageis. Já os idosos com declínio cognitivo não obtiveram resultados tão diferentes dos idosos sem declínio. Apesar disso, os achados mostram que quanto maior a escolaridade, melhor é o desempenho da marcha em pessoas com mais de 60 anos de idade. Dessa maneira, fica evidente a importância de planos de cuidados e intervenções voltados para promoção de saúde para a população idosa, pelos benefícios que proporcionam para a melhora da qualidade de vida.

Qualidade de vida entre idosos comunitários: estudo transversal / Quality of life among community elderly: cross-study / Calidad de vida entre ancianos comunitarios: estudio transversal

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida de idosos, relacionando com condições gerais de saúde, satisfação com a vida, resiliência, apoio social e afetos positivos e negativos. Método: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido com 159 idosos em Recife­PE. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se o Brazil Old Age Shedule, WHOQOL-OLD, e escalas de depressão geriátrica, resiliência, apoio social, satisfação com a vida e afetos positivos e negativos. A análise foi realizada por estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: associou-se à baixa qualidade de vida a osteoporose (p=0,008), sintomas depressivos (p<0,001) e problemas dentários (p=0,015). Houve correlação moderada entre a qualidade de vida e satisfação com a vida (r=0,464; p <0,001), afetos positivos (r=0,545; p<0,001) e negativos (r=-0,452; p<0,001). Conclusão: a qualidade de vida obteve correlação com altos níveis de satisfação com a vida, resiliência, apoio social e afetos positivos, porém seus baixos níveis relacionaram-se com a presença de sintomas depressivos, osteoporose e problemas dentários. (AU)

Objective: To assess the quality of life of the elderly, relating to general health conditions, satisfaction with life, resilience, social support and positive and negative affects. Methods: Cross-sectional study, developed with 159 elderly people in Recife ­ PE. For data collection, Brazil Old Age Shedule, WHOQOL-OLD, and scales of geriatric depression, resilience, social support, life satisfaction and positive and negative affects were used. The analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: osteoporosis (p = 0.008), depressive symptoms (p <0.001) and dental problems (p = 0.015) were associated with low quality of life. There was a moderate correlation between quality of life and satisfaction with life (r = 0.464; p <0.001), positive (r = 0.545; p <0.001) and negative (r = -0.452; p <0.001). Conclusion: Quality of life was correlated with high levels of satisfaction with life, resilience, social support and positive affects, but its low levels were related to the presence of depressive symptoms, osteoporosis and dental problems. (AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida de las personas mayores, en relación con las condiciones generales de salud, la satisfacción con la vida, la resiliencia, el apoyo social y los efectos positivos y negativos. Métodos: Estudio transversal, desarrollado con 159 personas mayores en Recife - PE. Para la recopilación de datos, se utilizó el Programa de Vejez de Brasil, WHOQOL-OLD y escalas de depresión geriátrica, resiliencia, apoyo social, satisfacción con la vida y efectos positivos y negativos. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: La osteoporosis (p = 0.008), los síntomas depresivos (p <0.001) y los problemas dentales (p = 0.015) se asociaron con baja calidad de vida. Hubo una correlación moderada entre la calidad de vida y la satisfacción con la vida (r = 0.464; p <0.001), positiva (r = 0.545; p <0.001) y negativa (r = -0.452; p <0.001). Conclusión: La calidad de vida se correlacionó con altos niveles de satisfacción con la vida, resistencia, apoyo social y afectos positivos, pero sus bajos niveles se relacionaron con la presencia de síntomas depresivos, osteoporosis y problemas dentales. (AU)

Perfil da saúde bucal, nutricional e cognitiva de idosos / Oral, nutritional and cognitive health profile of elderly / Perfil de salud oral, nutricional y cognitiva de los ancianos

O envelhecimento populacional desafia a sociedade em compreensões mais amplas sobre o processo de envelhecer. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever possíveis associações entre parâmetros de estado nutricional, bucal, psicológico e cognitivo em idosos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal e exploratória que avaliou 15 idosos (M=69 anos; DP=±6,97) residentes na comunidade e participantes de um grupo de intervenções cognitivas. Na análise estatística, optou-se pelo teste Qui-Quadrado para variáveis categóricas e Mann-Whitney ou Kruskal-Wallis para variáveis quantitativas discretas (p≤0,005). Observou-se correlação positiva entre circunferência da panturrilha e desempenho cognitivo global, e correlações negativas entre circunferência de panturrilha e sintomas depressivos, assim como entre qualidade de vida e número de dentes perdidos. Conclui-se destacando a relevância de estudos como estes que avaliam diferentes parâmetros para uma compreensão mais ampla da saúde dos idosos.

Population aging challenges society in broader understandings of the aging process. This study aimed to describe possible associations between parameters of nutritional, oral, psychological and cognitive status in the elderly. This is a cross-sectional and exploratory study that evaluated 15 elderly (M = 69 years; SD = ± 6.97) community residents and participants in a group of cognitive interventions. In the statistical analysis, we chose the Chi-Square test for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis for discrete quantitative variables (p≤0.005). There was a positive correlation between calf circumference and global cognitive performance, and negative correlations between calf circumference and depressive symptoms; also, between the quality of life and number of missing teeth. It is concluded highlighting the relevance of studies like these that evaluate different parameters for a broader understanding of the health of the elderly.

El envejecimiento de la población desafía a la sociedad en una comprensión más amplia del proceso de envejecimiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir posibles asociaciones entre parámetros de estado nutricional, oral, psicológico y cognitivo en ancianos. Este es un estudio transversal y exploratorio que evaluó a 15 personas mayores (M = 69 años; DE = ± 6,97) residentes de la comunidad y participantes en un grupo de intervenciones cognitivas. En el análisis estadístico, elegimos la prueba de Chi-Cuadrado para variables categóricas y Mann-Whitney o Kruskal-Wallis para variables cuantitativas discretas (p≤0.005). Hubo correlación positiva entre la circunferencia de la pantorrilla y el rendimiento cognitivo global, y correlaciones negativas entre la circunferencia de la pantorrilla y los síntomas depresivos, así como entre calidad de vida y número de dientes faltantes. Se concluye destacando la relevancia de estudios como estos que evalúan diferentes parámetros para una comprensión más amplia de la salud de los ancianos.