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1.
Foods ; 10(11)2021 Nov 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34829126

ABSTRACT

Durum wheat grains (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) are the main source for the production of pasta, bread and a variety of products consumed worldwide. The quality of pasta is mainly defined by the rheological properties of gluten, an elastic network in wheat endosperms formed of gliadins and glutenins. In this study, the allelic variation at five glutenin loci was analysed in 196 durum wheat genotypes. Two loci (Glu-A1 and Glu-B1), encoding for high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), and three loci (Glu-B2, Glu-A3 and Glu-B3), encoding for low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS), were assessed by SDS-PAGE. The SDS-sedimentation test was used and the grain protein content was evaluated. A total of 32 glutenin subunits and 41 glutenin haplotypes were identified. Four novel alleles were detected. Fifteen haplotypes represented 85.7% of glutenin loci variability. Some haplotypes carrying the 7 + 15 and 7 + 22 banding patterns at Glu-B1 showed a high gluten strength similar to those that carried the 7 + 8 or 6 + 8 alleles. A decreasing trend in grain protein content was observed over the last 85 years. Allelic frequencies at the three main loci (Glu-B1, Glu-A3 and Glu-B3) changed over the 1915-2020 period. Gluten strength increased from 1970 to 2020 coinciding with the allelic changes observed. These results offer valuable information for glutenin haplotype-based selection for use in breeding programs.

2.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 40(6): 2571-2580, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-27394

ABSTRACT

The quality of wheat is a pre-eminent factor in the criteria for commercialization of this cereal, and several parameters contribute to the evaluation of wheat quality. The objective of this study was to verify the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the cover and the environment for wheat cultivars and the effects on the industrial quality of the grain. Furthermore, we sought to identify correlations between the parameters of industrial quality. Experiments were conducted in Londrina for 2 years, in two distinct environments (A1 and A2). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The cultivars IPR Catuara TM, BRS Gaivota, Quartzo, and CD 120 were evaluated with different forms of nitrogen management: N1, without N in coverage; N2, 60 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea at the beginning of tillering; N3, 80 kg ha-1 of N in urea formulation (60 kg ha-1 in tillering and 20 kg ha-1 in booting); N4, 100 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea (60 kg ha-1 in tillering and 40 kg ha-1 in booting); N5, 80 kg ha-1 of N (60 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea at the beginning of tillering, and 20 kg ha-1 of N in the form of ammonium sulfate in booting); N6, 100 kg ha-1 of N (60 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea at the beginning of tillering, and 40 kg ha-1 of N in the form of ammonium sulfate in booting). Further, we evaluated grain yield, protein content, sedimentation volume with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and parameters of alveograph and farinograph. Nitrogen fertilization did not influence industrial quality parameters. The stability of the mass was influenced by the isolated effects of cultivars and the environment. The interaction of cultivars and environments influenced the parameters of alveograph and water absorption of the mass. The higher the protein content, the lower the stability of the mass, independent of the cultivar.(AU)


A qualidade do trigo é fator preponderante nos critérios para comercialização desse cereal e diversos parâmetros contribuem na avaliação de sua qualidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura e do ambiente, em cultivares de trigo e seus efeitos na qualidade industrial do grão, bem como identificar correlações entre os parâmetros de qualidade industrial. Foram conduzidos experimentos em Londrina em dois anos, caracterizando dois ambientes (A1 e A2). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as cultivares IPR Catuara TM, BRS Gaivota, Quartzo e CD 120 em diferentes formas de manejo do nitrogênio em cobertura: N1 - sem N em cobertura; N2 - 60 kg ha-1 de N na formulação de ureia no início do perfilhamento; N3 - 80 kg ha-1 de N na formulação de ureia, (60 kg ha-1 no perfilhamento e 20 kg ha-1 no emborrachamento); N4 - 100 kg ha-1 de N na formulação de ureia (60 kg ha-1 no perfilhamento e 40 kg ha-1 no emborrachamento); N5 - 80 kg ha-1 de N (60 kg ha-1 de N na formulação de ureia no início do perfilhamento, e 20 kg ha-1 de N na formulação de sulfato de amônio no emborrachamento); N6 - 100 kg ha-1 de N (60 kg ha-1 de N na formulação de ureia no início do perfilhamento, e 40 kg ha-1 de N na formulação de sulfato de amônio no emborrachamento). Foram realizadas avaliações da produtividade de grãos, do teor de proteínas, do volume de sedimentação com dodecil sulfato de sódio e dos parâmetros de alveografia e farinografia. A adubação nitrogenada não influencia os parâmetros de qualidade industrial. A estabilidade da massa é influenciada pelos efeitos isolados de cultivar e ambiente. A interação cultivares e ambientes influencia os parâmetros de alveografia e absorção de água da massa. Quanto maior o teor protéico, menor a estabilidade da massa, independentemente da cultivar.(AU)


Subject(s)
Triticum/chemistry , Triticum/growth & development , Nitrogen/administration & dosage , Fertilizers
3.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 40(6): 2571-2580, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1501542

ABSTRACT

The quality of wheat is a pre-eminent factor in the criteria for commercialization of this cereal, and several parameters contribute to the evaluation of wheat quality. The objective of this study was to verify the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the cover and the environment for wheat cultivars and the effects on the industrial quality of the grain. Furthermore, we sought to identify correlations between the parameters of industrial quality. Experiments were conducted in Londrina for 2 years, in two distinct environments (A1 and A2). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The cultivars IPR Catuara TM, BRS Gaivota, Quartzo, and CD 120 were evaluated with different forms of nitrogen management: N1, without N in coverage; N2, 60 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea at the beginning of tillering; N3, 80 kg ha-1 of N in urea formulation (60 kg ha-1 in tillering and 20 kg ha-1 in booting); N4, 100 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea (60 kg ha-1 in tillering and 40 kg ha-1 in booting); N5, 80 kg ha-1 of N (60 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea at the beginning of tillering, and 20 kg ha-1 of N in the form of ammonium sulfate in booting); N6, 100 kg ha-1 of N (60 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea at the beginning of tillering, and 40 kg ha-1 of N in the form of ammonium sulfate in booting). Further, we evaluated grain yield, protein content, sedimentation volume with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and parameters of alveograph and farinograph. Nitrogen fertilization did not influence industrial quality parameters. The stability of the mass was influenced by the isolated effects of cultivars and the environment. The interaction of cultivars and environments influenced the parameters of alveograph and water absorption of the mass. The higher the protein content, the lower the stability of the mass, independent of the cultivar.


A qualidade do trigo é fator preponderante nos critérios para comercialização desse cereal e diversos parâmetros contribuem na avaliação de sua qualidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura e do ambiente, em cultivares de trigo e seus efeitos na qualidade industrial do grão, bem como identificar correlações entre os parâmetros de qualidade industrial. Foram conduzidos experimentos em Londrina em dois anos, caracterizando dois ambientes (A1 e A2). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as cultivares IPR Catuara TM, BRS Gaivota, Quartzo e CD 120 em diferentes formas de manejo do nitrogênio em cobertura: N1 - sem N em cobertura; N2 - 60 kg ha-1 de N na formulação de ureia no início do perfilhamento; N3 - 80 kg ha-1 de N na formulação de ureia, (60 kg ha-1 no perfilhamento e 20 kg ha-1 no emborrachamento); N4 - 100 kg ha-1 de N na formulação de ureia (60 kg ha-1 no perfilhamento e 40 kg ha-1 no emborrachamento); N5 - 80 kg ha-1 de N (60 kg ha-1 de N na formulação de ureia no início do perfilhamento, e 20 kg ha-1 de N na formulação de sulfato de amônio no emborrachamento); N6 - 100 kg ha-1 de N (60 kg ha-1 de N na formulação de ureia no início do perfilhamento, e 40 kg ha-1 de N na formulação de sulfato de amônio no emborrachamento). Foram realizadas avaliações da produtividade de grãos, do teor de proteínas, do volume de sedimentação com dodecil sulfato de sódio e dos parâmetros de alveografia e farinografia. A adubação nitrogenada não influencia os parâmetros de qualidade industrial. A estabilidade da massa é influenciada pelos efeitos isolados de cultivar e ambiente. A interação cultivares e ambientes influencia os parâmetros de alveografia e absorção de água da massa. Quanto maior o teor protéico, menor a estabilidade da massa, independentemente da cultivar.


Subject(s)
Fertilizers , Nitrogen/administration & dosage , Triticum/growth & development , Triticum/chemistry
4.
PeerJ ; 6: e4498, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29593939

ABSTRACT

Information on the genetic control of the quality traits of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum) is essential for breeding. Our objective was to identify QTL associated with end-use quality. We developed 150 F4-derived lines from a cross of Pioneer 26R46 × SS550 and tested them in four environments. We measured flour yield (FY), softness equivalent (SE), test weight (TW), flour protein content (FP), alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC), and solvent retention capacity (SRC) of water (WA), lactic acid (LA), sucrose (SU), sodium carbonate (SO). Parents differed for nine traits, transgressive segregants were noted, and heritability was high (0.67 to 0.90) for all traits. We detected QTL distributed on eight genomic regions. The QTL with the greatest effects were located on chromosome 1A, 1B, and 6B with each affecting at least five of ten quality traits. Pioneer 26R46 is one of the best quality soft wheats. The large-effect QTL on 1A novel and accounted for much of the variation for AWRC (r2 = 0.26), SO (0.26) and SE (0.25), and FY (0.15) and may explain why Pioneer 26R46 has such superior quality. All alleles that increased a trait came from the parent with the highest trait value. This suggests that in any population that marker-assisted selection for these quality traits could be conducted by simply selecting for the alleles at key loci from the parent with the best phenotype without prior mapping.

5.
R. Ci. agrovet. ; 17(2): 182-189, 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-734634

ABSTRACT

Estratégias de fertilização nitrogenada com o emprego de dosagens crescentes demonstram efeitos favoráveis sobre a produtividade e qualidade dos grãos, entretanto têm sido reportado divergências em resultados com relação ao efeito de dosagens, épocas e parcelamentos de aplicação ao longo do ciclo de desenvolvimento da cultura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produtividade e características de qualidade protéica em resposta ao manejo de adubação nitrogenada aplicada em cobertura nas cultivares TBIO Itaipu, TBIO Pioneiro, TBIO Quartzo e TBIO Seleto. O experimento foi conduzido em Coxilha RS, nos anos 2012 e 2013. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições, em esquema fatorial (4 cultivares x 7 manejos). A dose total de N utilizada no trabalho foi de 140 kg ha-1, sendo 30 kg ha-1de N aplicados na semeadura e o restante em cobertura, conforme a época definida em cada tratamento. A produtividade de grãos das cultivares estudadas foi incrementada com a adubação nitrogenada aplicada de forma concentrada no tratamento T2 e manifestou correlação negativa com o conteúdo de proteínas, revelando que a superioridade genotípica para o rendimento de grãos pode afetar negativamente a proporção protéica. Das cultivares estudadas a cultivar TBIO Pioneiro se destacou das demais quanto a força geral de glúten na safra 2012 e a TBIO Seleto foi superior na safra 2013, entretanto, o conteúdo de proteína não evidenciou associação significativa com a força de glúten, revelando que a concentração de proteínas não foi eficiente para predizer a qualidade industrial.(AU)


Nitrogen fertilization strategies using increasing dosages demonstrate favorable effects on grain yield and quality; however, differences in results have been reported in relation to the effect of dosages, times and application schedules throughout the development cycle of the crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity and protein quality characteristics in response to nitrogen fertilization management applied to the cultivars TBIO Itaipu, TBIO Pioneiro, TBIO Quartzo and TBIO Seleto. The experimental design in randomized blocks with three replications, in a factorial scheme (4 cultivars x 7) handlings was used. The experiment was conducted in Coxilha, RS, during the agricultural years of 2012 and 2013. The total dose of N used in the present work was 140 kg ha-1, with 30 kg ha-1 of N being applied at sowing and remainder in coverage, for the time defined in each treatment. The grain yield of the studied cultivars was increased with the nitrogen fertilization applied in a concentrated way in the treatment T2 and showed a negative correlation with the protein content, showing that the genotypic superiority to the yield of grains can negatively affect the protein ratio. Of the cultivars studied TBIO Pioneiro stood out from the others regarding the general gluten strength in the 2012 crop and the TBIO Seleto was superior in the 2013 crop, however, the protein content did not show a significant association with the gluten strength, revealing that the concentration was not efficient to predict industrial quality.(AU)


Subject(s)
Triticum/growth & development , Identity and Quality Standard for Products and Services/analysis , Glutens , Edible Grain
6.
Rev. Ciênc. Agrovet. (Online) ; 17(2): 182-189, 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1488237

ABSTRACT

Estratégias de fertilização nitrogenada com o emprego de dosagens crescentes demonstram efeitos favoráveis sobre a produtividade e qualidade dos grãos, entretanto têm sido reportado divergências em resultados com relação ao efeito de dosagens, épocas e parcelamentos de aplicação ao longo do ciclo de desenvolvimento da cultura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produtividade e características de qualidade protéica em resposta ao manejo de adubação nitrogenada aplicada em cobertura nas cultivares TBIO Itaipu, TBIO Pioneiro, TBIO Quartzo e TBIO Seleto. O experimento foi conduzido em Coxilha RS, nos anos 2012 e 2013. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições, em esquema fatorial (4 cultivares x 7 manejos). A dose total de N utilizada no trabalho foi de 140 kg ha-1, sendo 30 kg ha-1de N aplicados na semeadura e o restante em cobertura, conforme a época definida em cada tratamento. A produtividade de grãos das cultivares estudadas foi incrementada com a adubação nitrogenada aplicada de forma concentrada no tratamento T2 e manifestou correlação negativa com o conteúdo de proteínas, revelando que a superioridade genotípica para o rendimento de grãos pode afetar negativamente a proporção protéica. Das cultivares estudadas a cultivar TBIO Pioneiro se destacou das demais quanto a força geral de glúten na safra 2012 e a TBIO Seleto foi superior na safra 2013, entretanto, o conteúdo de proteína não evidenciou associação significativa com a força de glúten, revelando que a concentração de proteínas não foi eficiente para predizer a qualidade industrial.


Nitrogen fertilization strategies using increasing dosages demonstrate favorable effects on grain yield and quality; however, differences in results have been reported in relation to the effect of dosages, times and application schedules throughout the development cycle of the crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity and protein quality characteristics in response to nitrogen fertilization management applied to the cultivars TBIO Itaipu, TBIO Pioneiro, TBIO Quartzo and TBIO Seleto. The experimental design in randomized blocks with three replications, in a factorial scheme (4 cultivars x 7) handlings was used. The experiment was conducted in Coxilha, RS, during the agricultural years of 2012 and 2013. The total dose of N used in the present work was 140 kg ha-1, with 30 kg ha-1 of N being applied at sowing and remainder in coverage, for the time defined in each treatment. The grain yield of the studied cultivars was increased with the nitrogen fertilization applied in a concentrated way in the treatment T2 and showed a negative correlation with the protein content, showing that the genotypic superiority to the yield of grains can negatively affect the protein ratio. Of the cultivars studied TBIO Pioneiro stood out from the others regarding the general gluten strength in the 2012 crop and the TBIO Seleto was superior in the 2013 crop, however, the protein content did not show a significant association with the gluten strength, revealing that the concentration was not efficient to predict industrial quality.


Subject(s)
Glutens , Identity and Quality Standard for Products and Services/analysis , Triticum/growth & development , Edible Grain
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