Impact of malocclusion and oral habits on oral health-related quality of life and sleep disturbance in young adults : A cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of malocclusion and oral habits on oral health-related quality of life and sleep disturbance in young adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 213 young adults aged 18-30 years. Dental occlusion data were assessed through clinical examination. A questionnaire was used to collect data on oral habits. Outcomes were collected using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and Mini Sleep Questionnaire. RESULTS: Anterior open bite (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-5.67, p = 0.044), swallowing disorders (adjusted OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.13-5.05, p = 0.022), and sleeping on hands were associated with a negative impact on oral health-related quality of life. Females (adjusted OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.10-6.17, p = 0.029), teeth grinding (adjusted OR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.08-7.14, p = 0.034), biting lips or cheeks (adjusted OR = 4.28, 95% CI = 1.49-12.29, p = 0.007), and self-perception of need for orthodontic treatment (adjusted OR = 7.88, 95% CI = 2.12-29.30, p = 0.002) were associated as a risk for sleep disturbances. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that oral habits and some types of malocclusions can impact oral health-related quality of life. In addition, sleep disturbances were associated with a greater need for orthodontic treatment and a habit of grinding teeth in young adults.

Determination of pesticide residues in urine by chromatography-mass spectrometry: methods and applications.

Introduction: Pollution has emerged as a significant threat to humanity, necessitating a thorough evaluation of its impacts. As a result, various methods for human biomonitoring have been proposed as vital tools for assessing, managing, and mitigating exposure risks. Among these methods, urine stands out as the most commonly analyzed biological sample and the primary matrix for biomonitoring studies. Objectives: This review concentrates on exploring the literature concerning residual pesticide determination in urine, utilizing liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and its practical applications. Method: The examination focused on methods developed since 2010. Additionally, applications reported between 2015 and 2022 were thoroughly reviewed, utilizing Web of Science as a primary resource. Synthesis: Recent advancements in chromatography-mass spectrometry technology have significantly enhanced the development of multi-residue methods. These determinations are now capable of simultaneously detecting numerous pesticide residues from various chemical and use classes. Furthermore, these methods encompass analytes from a variety of environmental contaminants, offering a comprehensive approach to biomonitoring. These methodologies have been employed across diverse perspectives, including toxicological studies, assessing pesticide exposure in the general population, occupational exposure among farmers, pest control workers, horticulturists, and florists, as well as investigating consequences during pregnancy and childhood, neurodevelopmental impacts, and reproductive disorders. Future directions: Such strategies were essential in examining the health risks associated with exposure to complex mixtures, including pesticides and other relevant compounds, thereby painting a broader and more accurate picture of human exposure. Moreover, the implementation of integrated strategies, involving international research initiatives and biomonitoring programs, is crucial to optimize resource utilization, enhancing efficiency in health risk assessment.

Characterization of False or Misleading Fluoride Content on Instagram: Infodemiology Study.

BACKGROUND: Online false or misleading oral health-related content has been propagated on social media to deceive people against fluoride's economic and health benefits to prevent dental caries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize the false or misleading fluoride-related content on Instagram. METHODS: A total of 3863 posts ranked by users' total interaction and published between August 2016 and August 2021 were retrieved by CrowdTangle, of which 641 were screened to obtain 500 final posts. Subsequently, two independent investigators analyzed posts qualitatively to define their authors' interests, profile characteristics, content type, and sentiment. Latent Dirichlet allocation analysis topic modeling was then applied to find salient terms and topics related to false or misleading content, and their similarity was calculated through an intertopic distance map. Data were evaluated by descriptive analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Cramer V test, and multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: Most of the posts were categorized as misinformation and political misinformation. The overperforming score was positively associated with older messages (odds ratio [OR]=3.293, P<.001) and professional/political misinformation (OR=1.944, P=.05). In this context, time from publication, negative/neutral sentiment, author's profile linked to business/dental office/news agency, and social and political interests were related to the increment of performance of messages. Although political misinformation with negative/neutral sentiments was typically published by regular users, misinformation was linked to positive commercial posts. Overall messages focused on improving oral health habits, side effects, dentifrice containing natural ingredients, and fluoride-free products propaganda. CONCLUSIONS: False or misleading fluoride-related content found on Instagram was predominantly produced by regular users motivated by social, psychological, and/or financial interests. However, higher engagement and spreading metrics were associated with political misinformation. Most of the posts were related to the toxicity of fluoridated water and products frequently motivated by financial interests.

Effectiveness of health education in the self-care and adherence of patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis / Efetividade da educação em saúde no autocuidado e adesão de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca: metanálise / Efectividad de la educación en salud para el autocuidado y la adhesión al tratamiento de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca: meta-análisis

Objective: to evaluate in the literature the effectiveness of the health education interventions in self-care and adherence to treatment of patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Method: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Studies were selected that compared health education interventions with the usual care to assess the outcomes of adherence and self-care. The quality of the methodological evidence was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Results: the educational interventions were more effective in relation to the usual care in the outcome of adherence (fixed effect=0-3841; p-value <0.001). There was no statistical difference in the outcome of self-care (fixed effect=0.0063; p-value=0.898). Conclusion: the educational interventions improved the outcome of adherence, though not self-care in the patient with Heart Failure.

Objetivo: avaliar na literatura a efetividade das intervenções de educação em saúde na adesão e autocuidado ao tratamento de pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca Crônica. Método: revisão sistemática com metanálise. Foram selecionados estudos que comparavam intervenções de educação em saúde com o cuidado usual para avaliar os desfechos de adesão e autocuidado. A qualidade da evidência metodológica foi avaliada pelo sistema Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Resultados: as intervenções educativas foram mais efetivas em relação ao cuidado usual no desfecho de adesão (efeito fixo =0,3841; p-valor <0,001). Não houve diferença estatística no desfecho de autocuidado (efeito fixo =0,0063; p-valor =0,898). Conclusão: as intervenções educativas melhoraram o desfecho de adesão, mas não o de autocuidado no paciente com Insuficiência Cardíaca.

Objetivo: evaluar en la literatura la efectividad de las intervenciones de educación en salud para la adhesión al tratamiento y el autocuidado de pacientes con Insuficiencia Cardíaca Crónica. Método: revisión sistemática con meta-análisis. Se seleccionaron estudios que comparaban intervenciones de educación en salud con el cuidado habitual para evaluar los resultados de adhesión al tratamiento y autocuidado. La calidad de la evidencia metodológica se evaluó con el sistema Grading of Recommendations, Assesment, Development and Evaluation. Resultados: las intervenciones educativas fueron más efectivas en relación al cuidado habitual en el resultado de adhesión al tratamiento (efecto fijo=0,3841; valor p <0,001). No se registró diferencia estadística en el resultado de autocuidado (efecto fijo=0,0063; valor p =0,898). Conclusión: las intervenciones educativas mejoraron el resultado de adhesión al tratamiento, aunque no el de autocuidado en el paciente con Insuficiencia Cardíaca.

Long-Term Cardiovascular Morbidity in Children Born Following Fertility Treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) among children born following in vitro fertilization (IVF) and compared with spontaneous pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: A population-based cohort study including all singleton deliveries occurring between 1991and 2014 at a tertiary medical center was performed. Hospitalizations up to the age of 18 years involving CVD were evaluated in children delivered following IVF, ovulation induction, and spontaneous pregnancies. CVD included valvular disorders, hypertension, arrhythmias, rheumatic disease, cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare cumulative morbidity incidence, and a Cox regression model controlled for confounders. RESULTS: During the study period, 242 187 singleton deliveries met the inclusion criteria; 1.1% following IVF (n = 2603), and 0.7% following ovulation induction (n = 1721). Hospitalizations up to the age of 18 years involving CVD (n = 1503) were comparable in children delivered following IVF (0.6%), ovulation induction (0.7%), and spontaneous pregnancies (0.6%; P = .884). No significant difference in the cumulative incidence of CVD was noted between the groups (log rank P = .781). Controlling for maternal age, gestational age, birthweight, maternal diabetes, and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, fertility treatment was not noted as a risk factor for long-term pediatric CVD (IVF adjusted hazard ratio 1.05, 95% CI 0.63-1.74, P = .86; ovulation induction adjusted hazard ratio 0.97, CI 95% 0.55-1.71, P = .92). CONCLUSIONS: Singletons conceived via fertility treatments do not appear to be at an increased risk of long-term pediatric CVD.

Body Composition during Early Infancy and Mental Health Outcomes at 5 Years of Age: A Prospective Cohort Study of Ethiopian Children.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between body composition-specifically fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM)-in early infancy, and mental health outcomes in early childhood. STUDY DESIGN: In the Infant Anthropometry and Body Composition birth cohort study from Ethiopia, body composition was measured at birth and 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 6 months of age. Mental health was assessed at 5 years of age using the approved Amharic version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), a parent report scale covering 4 different domains providing a total difficulties score. The associations of FM or FFM at birth as well as during early infancy, with SDQ score at 5 years of age were examined using multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS: At 5 years of age, the mean ± SD for SDQ score was 10.4 ± 5.8. FM at birth was positively and FFM negatively associated with SDQ score. For each kg increase in FM at birth, the SDQ score at 5 years was 5.7 points higher (ß = 5.7; 95% CI, 1.4-10.0). In contrast, for each kilogram increase in FFM at birth, the SDQ score was 3.9 points lower (ß = -3.9; 95% CI, -7.0 to -0.8). Neither FM nor FFM accretion rate during early infancy were associated with SDQ score at 5 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal rather than infant body composition was associated with SDQ score at 5 years of age. Greater FFM accretion during fetal life may have contributed to more optimal neurobehavioral development during early life. However, the potential mechanisms underlying the observed associations need further investigation.

The effect of health literacy level on health outcomes in patients with diabetes at a type v health centre in Western Jamaica.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effects of health literacy levels on health outcomes in patients with diabetes in a type V health center in Western Jamaica. METHOD: A correlational survey design with a random sampling technique was used. An 18-item questionnaire and the Newest Vital Sign tool were administered to 88 consenting adults with diabetes to assess their health literacy levels. Their health outcomes were evaluated with docket review. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. RESULTS: The participants were predominantly female (77.3%), aged 51-70 years, married (44%), employed (46%), and diagnosed with diabetes > 10 years (42%). Only 13.6% of the study population was adequately health literate. The health literacy scores for gender were not significant (P = 0.84). The health literacy scores of the patients with different ages and educational levels were significant (P < 0.001). Pearson's correlations revealed no linear relationship between health literacy scores and health outcome (r = 0.185, P = 0.084). CONCLUSION: Limited health literacy and high likelihood of limited health literacy are predominant in the study population. Age and educational level are significantly associated with health literacy levels. However, these findings suggest no association between health literacy level and diabetic health outcomes.