Improvement of motor function in mice after implantation of mononuclear stem cells from human umbilical cord and placenta blood after 3 and 6 weeks of experimental spinal cord injury.

STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study utilizing with a standardized model (MASCIS Impactor) of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in Balb C mouse model with implantation of mononuclear stem cells derived from the human umbilical cord and placenta blood in the early chronic phase of SCI. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the nerve regeneration and motor functional recovery in Balb C mice with surgically induced paraplegia in response to the use of mononuclear stem cells, in early chronic phase (> 2 weeks and < 6 months), because there is yet potential of neuronal and functional recovery as the neuronal scar is not still completely established. METHODS: Forty-eight mice were randomly assigned to 6 groups of 8 animals. Group 1 received the stem cells 3 weeks after the trauma, and Group 2 received them six weeks later. In Group 3, saline solution was injected at the site of the lesion 3 weeks after the trauma, and in Group 4, 6 weeks later. Group 5 underwent only spinal cord injury and Group 6 underwent laminectomy only. The scales used for motor assessment were BMS and MFS for 12 weeks. RESULTS: The intervention groups showed statistically significant motor improvement. In the histopathological analysis, the intervention groups had a lower degree of injury (p < 0.05). Regarding axonal budding, the intervention groups showed increasing in axonal budding in the caudal portion (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of stem cells in mice in the chronic phase after 3 and 6 weeks of SCI brings functional and histopathological benefits to them.

Dysbiosis by Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infection Associated with Follicular Gastropathy and Pangastropathy.

Dysbiosis plays an important role in the development of bacterial infections in the gastric mucosa, particularly Helicobacter pylori. The international guidelines for the treatment of H. pylori infections suggest standard triple therapy (STT). Nevertheless, because of the increasing resistance rates to clarithromycin, metronidazole has been widely considered in several countries. Unfortunately, the non-justified administration of antibiotics induces dysbiosis in the target organ. We characterized the gastric microbiota of patients diagnosed with follicular gastropathy and pangastropathy attributed to H. pylori infection, before and after the administration of STT with metronidazole. Dominant relative abundances of Cutibacterium were observed in pre-treatment patients, whereas H. pylori was observed at <11%, suggesting the multifactor property of the disease. The correlation of Cutibacterium acnes and H. pylori with gastric infectious diseases was also evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The dominance of C. acnes over H. pylori was observed in gastritis, gastropathies, and non-significant histological alterations. None of the microorganisms were detected in the intestinal metaplasia. Post-treatment alterations revealed an increase in the relative abundances of Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella. Non-H. pylori gastrointestinal bacteria can be associated with the initiation and development of gastric diseases, such as pathobiont C. acnes.

Imidazolium Salts for Candida spp. Antibiofilm High-Density Polyethylene-Based Biomaterials.

The species of Candida present good capability to form fungal biofilms on polymeric surfaces and are related to several human diseases since many of the employed medical devices are designed using polymers, especially high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Herein, HDPE films containing 0; 0.125; 0.250 or 0.500 wt% of 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C16MImCl) or its analog 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate (C16MImMeS) were obtained by melt blending and posteriorly mechanically pressurized into films. This approach resulted in more flexible and less brittle films, which impeded the Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis biofilm formation on their surfaces. The employed imidazolium salt (IS) concentrations did not present any significant cytotoxic effect, and the good cell adhesion/proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells on the HDPE-IS films indicated good biocompatibility. These outcomes combined with the absence of microscopic lesions in pig skin after contact with HDPE-IS films demonstrated their potential as biomaterials for the development of effective medical device tools that reduce the risk of fungal infections.

Histopathological Evaluation of the Exposure by Cyanobacteria Cultive Containing [d-Leu¹]Microcystin-LR on Lithobates catesbeianus Tadpoles.

This study evaluated the effects of [d-Leu¹]Microcystin-LR variant by the exposure of Lithobates catesbeianus tadpole to unialgal culture Microcystis aeruginosa NPLJ-4 strain. The Tadpole was placed in aquariums and exposed to Microcystis aeruginosa culture or disrupted cells. For 16 days, 5 individuals were removed every 2 days, and tissue samples of liver, skeletal muscle, and intestinal tract were collected for histopathology and bioaccumulation analyses. After exposure, those surviving tadpoles were placed in clean water for 15 days to evaluate their recovery. A control without algae and toxins was maintained in the same conditions and exhibited normal histology and no tissue damage. In exposed tadpoles, samples were characterized by serious damages that similarly affected the different organs, such as loss of adhesion between cells, nucleus fragmentation, necrosis, and hemorrhage. Samples showed signs of recovery but severe damages were still observed. Neither HPLC-PDA nor mass spectrometry analysis showed any evidence of free Microcystins bioaccumulation.

Avaliação de cinco casos de abortamento associado à leptospirose em éguas no Rio Grande do Norte / Five cases of miscarriage associated with leptospirosis assessment mares in Rio Grande do Norte

Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever casos de abortamento por leptospirose em éguas, ocorrido no município de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. Cinco éguas com histórico de abortamento foram submetidas a exames clínicos, hematológico e pesquisa de aglutininas anti-Leptospira para 22 diferentes sorovares, pelo Teste de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM). Foi realizado exame anatomopatológico da placenta e de um feto equino abortado com 9 meses de idade. A infecção por Leptospira sp. ocorreu em três éguas que abortaram, sendo uma positiva para o sorovar Pomona, título 800; uma para o sorovar Hardjo, título 400; uma para o sorovar Icterohaemorrhagiae, título 400. No exame anatomopatológico da placenta foram observados cotilédones edemaciados de coloração vermelho escuro, com áreas focais enegrecidas, friáveis e necróticos. No exame necroscópico do feto observou-se icterícia, presença de líquido sero-sanguinolento na cavidade abdominal, torácica e saco pericárdico, áreas multifocais de hemorragia no fígado, coração e pulmão, rins de consistência friável e áreas multifocais branco amareladas. Histologicamente, verificou-se necrose e inflamação do epitélio placentário coriônico; necrose difusa de hepatócitos e hepatite mononuclear; acentuada hemorragia no interstício do córtex renal, degeneração hidrópica e necrose das células do epitélio tubular e presença de cilindros hemáticos intratubular; além de nefrite intersticial mononuclear e pneumonia intersticial mononuclear difusa acentuada. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram títulos elevados de aglutininas anti-Leptospira em éguas e a presença de lesões histológicas nos órgãos fetais e placenta, confirmando a importância da Leptospira como agente causador de abortamento

This study aimed to describe cases of leptospirosis abortions in horses, which occurred in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. Five mares with abortion history, were submitted to clinical, hematological and detection of specific anti-Leptospira agglutinins facing 22 different serotypes, by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). It was performed a pathological examination of the placenta and an equine aborted fetus with 9 months old. The Leptospira sp. infection occurred in three mares that aborted. One was positive for Pomona, title 800; one for the Hardjo serovar, title 400 and one for Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar, title 400. In examination of the placenta were observed swollen cotyledons, dark red color with blackened focal areas, friable and necrotic. In the fetus's autopsy was observed icterus, serous-sanguineous fluid in the abdominal cavity, chest and pericardium, multifocal areas of hemorrhage in the liver, heart, lungs, and friable multifocal yellowish white areas in the kidney. Histologically, it was found necrosis and inflammation of the placental chorionic epithelium; diffuse necrosis hepatocyte and mononuclear hepatitis; severe hemorrhage in the interstitium of the renal cortex, hydropic degeneration and necrosis of the tubular epithelial cells and the presence of haematic intratubular cylinders; mononuclear interstitial nephritis and a severe diffuse interstitial mononuclear pneumonia. The results showed high levels of anti-Leptospira agglutinins in mares and presence of histological lesions in the placenta and fetal organs, confirming the importance of Leptospira as abortion-causing agent.

Five cases of miscarriage associated with leptospirosis assessment mares in Rio Grande do Norte / Avaliação de cinco casos de abortamento associado à leptospirose em éguas no Rio Grande do Norte

This study aimed to describe cases of leptospirosis abortions in horses, which occurred in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. Five mares with abortion history, were submitted to clinical, hematological and detection of specific anti-Leptospira agglutinins facing 22 different serotypes, by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). It was performed a pathological examination of the placenta and an equine aborted fetus with 9 months old. The Leptospira sp. infection occurred in three mares that aborted. One was positive for Pomona, title 800; one for the Hardjo serovar, title 400 and one for Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar, title 400. In examination of the placenta were observed swollen cotyledons, dark red color with blackened focal areas, friable and necrotic. In the fetuss autopsy was observed icterus, serous-sanguineous fluid in the abdominal cavity, chest and pericardium, multifocal areas of hemorrhage in the liver, heart, lungs, and friable multifocal yellowish white areas in the kidney. Histologically, it was found necrosis and inflammation of the placental chorionic epithelium; diffuse necrosis hepatocyte and mononuclear hepatitis; severe hemorrhage in the interstitium of the renal cortex, hydropic degeneration and necrosis of the tubular epithelial cells and the presence of haematic intratubular cylinders; mononuclear interstitial nephritis and a severe diffuse interstitial mononuclear pneumonia. The results showed highlevels of anti-Leptospira agglutinins in mares and presence of histological lesions in the placenta and fetal organs, confirming the importance of Leptospira as abortion-causing agent.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever casos de abortamento por leptospirose em éguas, ocorrido no município de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. Cinco éguas com histórico de abortamento foram submetidas a exames clínicos, hematológico e pesquisa de aglutininas anti-Leptospira para 22 diferentes sorovares, pelo Teste de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM). Foi realizado exame anatomopatológico da placenta e de um feto equino abortado com 9 meses de idade. A infecção por Leptospira sp. ocorreu em três éguas que abortaram, sendo uma positiva para o sorovar Pomona, título 800; uma para o sorovar Hardjo, título 400; uma para o sorovar Icterohaemorrhagiae, título 400. No exame anatomopatológico da placenta foram observados cotilédones edemaciados de coloração vermelho escuro, com áreas focais enegrecidas, friáveis e necróticos. No exame necroscópico do feto observou-se icterícia, presença de líquido sero-sanguinolento na cavidade abdominal, torácica e saco pericárdico, áreas multifocais de hemorragia no fígado, coração e pulmão, rins de consistência friável e áreas multifocais branco amareladas. Histologicamente, verificou-se necrose e inflamação do epitélio placentário coriônico; necrose difusa de hepatócitos e hepatite mononuclear; acentuada hemorragia no interstício do córtex renal, degeneração hidrópica e necrose das células do epitélio tubular e presença de cilindros hemáticos intratubular; além de nefrite intersticial mononuclear e pneumonia intersticial mononuclear difusa acentuada. Os resultados desteestudo demonstraram títulos elevados de aglutininas anti-Leptospira em éguas e a presença de lesões histológicas nos órgãos fetais e placenta, confirmando a importância da Leptospira como agente causador de abortamento.(AU)

Periapical repair after root canal filling with different root canal sealers

The aim of this study was to evaluate periapical repair after root canal filling with different endodontic sealers. Sixty-four root canals from dog´s teeth were filled, divided into 4 groups (n=16). Root canals were instrumented with K-type files and irrigated with 1 percent sodium hypochlorite solution. Root canals were filled in the same session by active lateral condensation of the cones and sealers: Intrafill, AH Plus, Roeko Seal and Resilon/Epiphany System. After 90 days, the animals were euthanized and the tissues to be evaluated were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. For histopathological analysis, the following parameters were evaluated: inflammatory process, mineralized tissue resorption, and apical mineralized tissue deposition. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that Intrafill had less favorable results in terms of apical and periapical repair, compared to the other sealers (p<0.05). AH Plus, Roeko Seal, and Epiphany sealers had similar and satisfactory results (p>0.05). In conclusion, AH Plus and the materials Roeko Seal and Epiphany are good options for clinical use in Endodontics.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o reparo periapical após obturação de canal radicular usando os cimentos Roeko Seal e Epiphany. Sessenta e quatro canais radiculares de dentes de cães foram obturados, divididos em 4 grupos (n=16). Os canais radiculares foram instrumentados com limas tipo K e irrigados com solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento. Os canais radiculares foram obturados na mesma sessão usando condensação lateral ativa dos cones e os cimentos: Grupo I - Intra Fill; Grupo II - AH Plus; Grupo III - Roeko Seal e Grupo IV - Sistema Resilon/Epiphany. Após 90 dias, os animais foram mortos e os tecidos a serem avaliados foram processados e corados por hematoxilina e eosina. Para análise histopatológica, os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: processo inflamatório, reabsorção dos tecidos mineralizados e deposição de tecido mineralizado apical. A análise histopatológica demonstrou que o Intrafill teve resultados menos favoráveis em relação ao reparo apical e periapical comparado aos outros cimentos (p<0,05). AH Plus, Roeko Seal e Epiphany demonstraram resultados similares e satisfatórios (p>0,05). Conclui-se que o AH Plus e os materiais Roeko Seal e Epiphany são boas opções para uso clínico em endodontia.

Histopathological evaluation of different methods of experimental induction of periapical periodontitis

This study evaluated histopathologically different methods of experimental induction of periapical periodontitis. The radiographic and microbiological evaluations have been performed in a previous investigation. Fifty-seven root canals from dogs' teeth were assigned to 4 groups. In GI (n=14) and GII (n=14), the root canals were exposed to oral environment for 180 days; in GIII (n=14) and GIV (n=15) the root canals were exposed for 7 days and then the access cavities were restored and remained sealed for 53 days. The root apices of GI and GIII were perforated, whilst those of GII and GIV remained intact. After induction of periapical periodontitis, the dogs were euthanized. Serial sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Data of the histopathological evaluation were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests at 5 percent significance level. The inflammatory periapical reaction and resorption of mineralized tissues were less intense in GII than in the other groups (p<0.05). There was no histopathological difference among the experimentally induced periapical lesions in the teeth with coronal sealing. On the other hand, when coronal sealing was not performed, greater intensity of induced periapical periodontitis was observed in the teeth with apical perforation.

O objetivo deste estudo foi a avaliação de diferentes métodos de indução de lesões periapicais. Cinqüenta e seis canais radiculares de dentes de cães foram divididos em 4 grupos. No GI (n=14) e no GII (n=14), os canais radiculares foram expostos à cavidade bucal por 180 dias; no GIII (n=14) e no GIV (n=15) os canais radiculares foram expostos por 7 dias e então as aberturas coronárias foram restauradas e permaneceram seladas por 53 dias. Os ápices radiculares do GI e GIII foram perfurados, enquanto os do GII e do GIV foram mantidos intactos. Após indução das lesões periapicais, os cães foram mortos. Cortes seriados foram obtidos e corados por hematoxilina e eosina. Os dados da análise histopatológica foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn com nível de significância de 5 por cento. A reação inflamatória periapical e reabsorção dos tecidos mineralizados foram menos intensos no GII que nos demais grupos (p<0,05). Não houve diferença histopatológica entre as lesões periapicais induzidas nos dentes com selamento coronário. Por outro lado, quando o selamento coronário não foi realizado, maior intensidade de lesão periapical induzida foi observada nos dentes com perfuração apical.