Miasis Genital. Presentación de un caso

Introducción: la miasis se define como la infestación de animales domésticos y salvajes, así como del hombre por estados larvarios de varias especies de dípteros que se alimentan de tejidos vivos o muertos o del alimento ingerido por el hospedero. Puede encontrarse en genitales, extremidades, cráneo, boca y párpados. Presentación de caso: se presenta el caso de un paciente, masculino de procedencia rural de 56 años de edad. Acude remitido de su área de salud por presentar varias ulceras a nivel del pene acompañado de aumento de volumen del mismo con secreciones fétidas, prurito y dolor. Se ingresa para estudio y tratamiento en sala. Se le diagnosticó miasis genital a nivel del glande. Tuvo una evolución satisfactoria en sala mediante curas locales y el tratamiento con antimicrobianos. Discusión: la miasis genital es poco común, probablemente por el aislamiento que ejerce la ropa al contacto con las moscas, sin embargo, la vestimenta corta predispone una mayor ovoposición en esta zona debido a una exposición más asequible, puede imitar lesiones inflamatorias o ulcerosas. De hecho, esta infestación parasitaria se ha asociado con determinadas enfermedades urogenitales de aspecto tumoral. Conclusiones: indiscutiblemente la inadecuada higiene de los genitales es un factor determinante en la aparición de la miasis.

Introduction: myiasis is defined as the infestation of domestic and wild animals, as well as man, by larval stages of various species of Diptera that feed on living or dead tissue or food ingested by the host. Genital myiasis is rare, of which there is little reference in the literature, specifically in the Caribbean. Case report: the case of a 56-year-old male patient of rural origin is presented. He was referred from his health area for presenting several ulcers on the penis accompanied by an increase in its volume with fetid secretions, itching and pain. He is admitted for study and treatment in the room. He was diagnosed with genital myiasis at the level of the glans. He had a satisfactory evolution in the room through local cures and treatment with antimicrobials. Discussion: genital myiasis is uncommon, probably due to the insulation exerted by clothing in contact with flies, however, short clothing predisposes a greater oviposition in this area due to more accessible exposure, it can mimic inflammatory or ulcerative lesions. In fact, this parasitic infestation has been associated with certain tumor-like urogenital diseases. Conclusions: unquestionably, inadequate genital hygiene is a determining factor in the appearance of myiasis.

Introdução: amiíase é definida como a infestação de animais domésticos e silvestres, assim como o homem, por fases larvais de várias espécies de Diptera que se alimentam de tecidos vivos ou mortos ou alimentos ingeridos pelo hospedeiro. Pode ser encontrado nos genitais, extremidades, crânio, boca e pálpebras. Apresentação do caso: apresenta-se o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, 56 anos, de origem rural. Foi encaminhado de sua área de saúde por apresentar várias úlceras no pênis acompanhadas de aumento do seu volume com secreções fétidas, prurido e dor. Ele é admitido para estudo e tratamento na sala. Foi diagnosticado com miíase genital ao nível da glande. Teve evolução satisfatória na sala através de curas locais e tratamento com antimicrobianos. Discussão: amiíase genital é incomum, provavelmente devido ao isolamento exercido pelas roupas em contato com moscas, entretanto, roupas curtas predispõem uma maior oviposição nesta área devido à exposição mais acessível, podendo mimetizar lesões inflamatórias ou ulcerativas. De fato, essa infestação parasitária tem sido associada a certas doenças urogenitais semelhantes a tumores. Conclusões: inquestionavelmente, a higiene genital inadequada é um fator determinante no aparecimento da miíase.

Evaluation of Filth Fly Species Composition and Abundance Using Two Monitoring Methods in Swine Confinement Housing.

Concentrated swine production can produce large amounts of accumulated waste that may serve as development sites for pest flies. Filth flies are not only a nuisance but can also interfere with animal growth and production and are capable of mechanically transmitting many pathogens to swine on confinement facilities. In addition to production and health concerns, high populations of filth flies developing on concentrated animal facilities may subject producers to nuisance litigation. While litigation against livestock producers associated with pest filth flies has become more frequent and high profile, information on the filth fly fauna in swine facilities in the United States is limited. In this study, filth fly species diversity and population fluctuations were monitored with spot and sticky cards in one sow facility and two finishing facilities in North Carolina. House flies Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) were the dominant species followed by black dump flies Hydrotea (Ophyra) aenescens Weidemann (Diptera: Muscidae). A difference was seen in total spots on cards placed in more central barn locations than towards the outer walls in the sow facility but not the finishing facilities. Mean spots at only one of the finishing facilities exceeded the conventional control threshold of 100 spots/week, in May and June. Fly numbers decreased naturally in the following months, suggesting that standard control thresholds may not accurately inform filth fly control efforts in swine production. Due to their complementary nature, both spot and sticky cards placed in representative locations throughout barns are recommended. However, more swine-specific information is needed for optimizing monitoring methods.

Evaluation of Eugenol and (E)-Cinnamaldehyde Insecticidal Activity Against Larvae and Pupae of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae).

Musca domestica L., 1758, is an important mechanical vector of several pathogens for humans and livestock, making it essential to study new alternatives of more efficient and safer control for this dipteran. This study evaluated the toxicity of the phenylpropanoids eugenol and (E)-cinnamaldehyde on its life stages. A contact test with 10 repetitions (n = 10) was performed for each substance concentration on each post-embryonic immature life stage. Both substances presented insecticidal activity on the immature life stages of the dipteran, and secondary effects on development caused by sublethal concentrations. Larvicidal activity was shown from the 1.25 mg/ml concentration by eugenol and from 2.5 mg/ml by (E)-cinnamaldehyde, and both substances had a 100% larval treatment efficacy (LTE) from the 5mg/ml concentration. For pupal treatment, (E)-cinnamaldehyde differed from the control from the 10 mg/ml concentration (P < 0.05), and both phenylpropanoids caused malformation in adults from 10 mg/ml. The highest pupal treatment efficacy (PTE) was obtained from the 30 mg/ml concentration, 67.2% for (E)-cinnamaldehyde, and 32% for eugenol. The products tested in this study showed high larvicidal potential, and both presented pupicidal effects and caused malformation in adults from treated pupae.

Susceptibility of Musca domestica larvae and adults to entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae) native to Mexico.

We evaluated the pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic nematodes native to Mexico, Heterorhabditis indica, Heterorhabditis sp. and Steinernema sp., towards M. domestica under controlled conditions. For adults, concentrations of 1,600 (A) and 1,200 (B) nematodes/ml were considered. For larvae, only the first concentration applied to filter paper, wheat bran, and peat moss as substrates was evaluated. An analysis of variance showed that the differences in adult mortality were only significant (p = 0.0001) among nematode species but not among concentrations within species. However, differences were significant (p = 0.0001) when data were analyzed when 50% of the individuals died (LT50 ). For H. indica, the LT50 were 46.5 h and 65.8 h for the concentrations A and B, respectively. Females were more susceptible than males. H. indica recorded the highest mortality, with 79.2% and 35.5% for females and males, respectively. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were recorded in larval mortality. H. indica induced the highest mortality (53.3%) when applied on peat moss. The results are a fundamental basis for future management studies of M. domestica by entomopathogenic nematodes.

A new species of Polietina (Diptera: Muscidae) from South America, with an updated phylogeny of the genus and a review of species' identity in GenBank.

After a 20 years hiatus, we describe a new species, Polietina ponti sp. nov., from Madre de Dios, Tambopata River, Peru. Additionally, we propose Polietina nigra Couri Carvalho, 1996 as a junior synonym of Polietina prima (Couri Medeiros, 1990). A previous phylogenetic hypothesis was updated with the inclusion of the new taxon described here, which yielded a single most parsimonious tree that is similar to a previously published hypothesis (Pyrellina marsya (Pyrellina distincta (Deltotus facetus ((Polietina steini (Polietina ponti sp. nov., P. prima (P. bicolor, P. minor, P. univittata)(P. flavithorax, P. major)))(P. flavidicincta (P. rubella (P. concinna (P. orbitalis, P. wulpi)))))))). The identity of Polietina vouchers with nucleotide sequences registered in the GenBank were also verified and corrected.

Checklist de Fanniidae (Insecta, Diptera) do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul / Checklist of Fanniidae (Insecta, Diptera) of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul

A checklist of the Fanniidae species in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, is provided. There are 11 species recorded, which represent 21% of all Fanniidae species known in Brazil.(AU)

Nesse artigo é fornecida uma lista de espécies de Fanniidae do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Até o momento são registradas 11 espécies, o que representa 21% das espécies de Fanniidae conhecidas para o Brasil.(AU)

Checklist de Muscidae (Insecta, Diptera) do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul / Checklist of Muscidae (Insecta, Diptera) from Mato Grosso do Sul state

A checklist of Muscidae species in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil is provided. There are 65 species recorded, which represent 17% of all Brazilian species of Muscidae known.(AU)

É apresentada uma lista de espécies do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Existem 65 espécies registradas, representado 17% de todas as espécies de Muscidae conhecidas no Brasil.(AU)

Checklist de Fanniidae (Insecta, Diptera) do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul

ABSTRACT A checklist of the Fanniidae species in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, is provided. There are 11 species recorded, which represent 21% of all Fanniidae species known in Brazil.

RESUMO Nesse artigo é fornecida uma lista de espécies de Fanniidae do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Até o momento são registradas 11 espécies, o que representa 21% das espécies de Fanniidae conhecidas para o Brasil.

Checklist de Muscidae (Insecta, Diptera) do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul

ABSTRACT A checklist of Muscidae species in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil is provided. There are 65 species recorded, which represent 17% of all Brazilian species of Muscidae known.

RESUMO É apresentada uma lista de espécies do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Existem 65 espécies registradas, representado 17% de todas as espécies de Muscidae conhecidas no Brasil.

Checklist de Muscidae (Insecta, Diptera) do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul / Checklist of Muscidae (Insecta, Diptera) from Mato Grosso do Sul state

A checklist of Muscidae species in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil is provided. There are 65 species recorded, which represent 17% of all Brazilian species of Muscidae known.

É apresentada uma lista de espécies do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Existem 65 espécies registradas, representado 17% de todas as espécies de Muscidae conhecidas no Brasil.

Checklist de Fanniidae (Insecta, Diptera) do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul / Checklist of Fanniidae (Insecta, Diptera) of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul

A checklist of the Fanniidae species in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, is provided. There are 11 species recorded, which represent 21% of all Fanniidae species known in Brazil.

Nesse artigo é fornecida uma lista de espécies de Fanniidae do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Até o momento são registradas 11 espécies, o que representa 21% das espécies de Fanniidae conhecidas para o Brasil.

Larval vomiting during a mission in Haïti.

Following an original case report of massive regurgitation of maggots and the difficulty of medical management, we return to the fecal contamination problem for troops in the field. The survey of maggots has allowed for the diagnosis of contamination by ingestion of house fly eggs as a major infection vector. The successive ingestion of anti-acid and gastric dressing can induce an important diminution of gastric acidity that can allow for the proliferation of germs. In an operational context or natural catastrophe andin addition to field hygiene rules that are very important, it can also be useful to propose exclusive field rationsfor few daysin order to limit the interhuman contamination.

Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil from Cuba and Brazil against housefly / Composição química e atividade inseticida do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus de Brasil e Cuba contra mosca doméstica

Essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus collected from Brazil and Cuba was tested to a chemical characterization and then was tested on the post-embryonic development of Musca domestica. The chemical composition analysis by GC-MS of the oils from Brazil/Cuba allowed the identification of 13 and 12 major constituents respectively; nine of them common to both. In the both oils, the main components were the isomers geranial and neral, which together form the compound citral. This corresponds to a total of 97.92%/Brazil and 97.69%/Cuba of the compounds identified. The monoterpene myrcene, observed only in the sample of Cuba, presented a large relative abundance (6.52%). The essential oil of C. citratus (Brazil/Cuba) was dissolved in DMSO and tested at concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% and citral was prepared by mixing 16.8 mg with 960 µL DMSO. Both essential oils and monoterpene citral were applied topically to newly-hatched larvae (1µL/larva). The results showed a lethal concentration (LC50) of 4.25 and 3.24% for the Brazilian and Cuban essential oils, respectively. Mortalities of larval and newly-hatched larvae to adult periods were dose-dependent for the two both oils as for monoterpene citral, reaching 90%. Both essential oils and citral caused morphological changes in adult specimens.

O óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus, coletado no Brasil e em Cuba, foi caracterizado quimicamente e testado no desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Musca domestica. A análise da composição química dos óleos essenciais (Brasil/Cuba), por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada ao espectrômetro de massa (GC-EM), permitiu a identificação de 13 e 12 componentes principais, respectivamente; nove deles comuns aos dois. Em ambos os óleos, os principais componentes foram os isômeros geranial e neral, que, juntos, formam o composto citral. Esse corresponde a um total de 97,92%/Brasil e 97,69%/Cuba dos compostos identificados. O monoterpeno mirceno, observado na amostra cubana, apresentou grande abundância relativa (6,52%). O óleo de C. citratus (Brasil/Cuba) foi dissolvido em DMSO, obtendo–se as concentrações de 5, 10, 25, 75 e 100%; e o citral (16,8 mg) foi misturando com 960mL de DMSO. Tanto o óleo essencial como o monoterpeno citral foram aplicados topicamente nas neolarvas (1µL/larva). Os resultados mostraram uma concentração letal (CL50) de 4,25% e 3,24% para o óleo essencial brasileiro e cubano, respectivamente. As mortalidades do período larval e o de neo-larva a adulto foram dose-dependentes, tanto para os óleos como para o monoterpeno citral, podendo chegar a 90%. Ambos os óleos essenciais e citral causaram alterações morfológicas nos espécimes adultos.

Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil from Cuba and Brazil against housefly / Composição química e atividade inseticida do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus de Brasil e Cuba contra mosca doméstica

Essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus collected from Brazil and Cuba was tested to a chemical characterization and then was tested on the post-embryonic development of Musca domestica. The chemical composition analysis by GC-MS of the oils from Brazil/Cuba allowed the identification of 13 and 12 major constituents respectively; nine of them common to both. In the both oils, the main components were the isomers geranial and neral, which together form the compound citral. This corresponds to a total of 97.92%/Brazil and 97.69%/Cuba of the compounds identified. The monoterpene myrcene, observed only in the sample of Cuba, presented a large relative abundance (6.52%). The essential oil of C. citratus (Brazil/Cuba) was dissolved in DMSO and tested at concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% and citral was prepared by mixing 16.8 mg with 960 µL DMSO. Both essential oils and monoterpene citral were applied topically to newly-hatched larvae (1µL/larva). The results showed a lethal concentration (LC50) of 4.25 and 3.24% for the Brazilian and Cuban essential oils, respectively. Mortalities of larval and newly-hatched larvae to adult periods were dose-dependent for the two both oils as for monoterpene citral, reaching 90%. Both essential oils and citral caused morphological changes in adult specimens.(AU)

O óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus, coletado no Brasil e em Cuba, foi caracterizado quimicamente e testado no desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Musca domestica. A análise da composição química dos óleos essenciais (Brasil/Cuba), por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada ao espectrômetro de massa (GC-EM), permitiu a identificação de 13 e 12 componentes principais, respectivamente; nove deles comuns aos dois. Em ambos os óleos, os principais componentes foram os isômeros geranial e neral, que, juntos, formam o composto citral. Esse corresponde a um total de 97,92%/Brasil e 97,69%/Cuba dos compostos identificados. O monoterpeno mirceno, observado na amostra cubana, apresentou grande abundância relativa (6,52%). O óleo de C. citratus (Brasil/Cuba) foi dissolvido em DMSO, obtendose as concentrações de 5, 10, 25, 75 e 100%; e o citral (16,8 mg) foi misturando com 960mL de DMSO. Tanto o óleo essencial como o monoterpeno citral foram aplicados topicamente nas neolarvas (1µL/larva). Os resultados mostraram uma concentração letal (CL50) de 4,25% e 3,24% para o óleo essencial brasileiro e cubano, respectivamente. As mortalidades do período larval e o de neo-larva a adulto foram dose-dependentes, tanto para os óleos como para o monoterpeno citral, podendo chegar a 90%. Ambos os óleos essenciais e citral causaram alterações morfológicas nos espécimes adultos.(AU)

Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil from Cuba and Brazil against housefly

Essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus collected from Brazil and Cuba was tested to a chemical characterization and then was tested on the post-embryonic development of Musca domestica. The chemical composition analysis by GC-MS of the oils from Brazil/Cuba allowed the identification of 13 and 12 major constituents respectively; nine of them common to both. In the both oils, the main components were the isomers geranial and neral, which together form the compound citral. This corresponds to a total of 97.92%/Brazil and 97.69%/Cuba of the compounds identified. The monoterpene myrcene, observed only in the sample of Cuba, presented a large relative abundance (6.52%). The essential oil of C. citratus (Brazil/Cuba) was dissolved in DMSO and tested at concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% and citral was prepared by mixing 16.8 mg with 960 µL DMSO. Both essential oils and monoterpene citral were applied topically to newly-hatched larvae (1µL/larva). The results showed a lethal concentration (LC50) of 4.25 and 3.24% for the Brazilian and Cuban essential oils, respectively. Mortalities of larval and newly-hatched larvae to adult periods were dose-dependent for the two both oils as for monoterpene citral, reaching 90%. Both essential oils and citral caused morphological changes in adult specimens.

O óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus, coletado no Brasil e em Cuba, foi caracterizado quimicamente e testado no desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Musca domestica. A análise da composição química dos óleos essenciais (Brasil/Cuba), por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada ao espectrômetro de massa (GC-EM), permitiu a identificação de 13 e 12 componentes principais, respectivamente; nove deles comuns aos dois. Em ambos os óleos, os principais componentes foram os isômeros geranial e neral, que, juntos, formam o composto citral. Esse corresponde a um total de 97,92%/Brasil e 97,69%/Cuba dos compostos identificados. O monoterpeno mirceno, observado na amostra cubana, apresentou grande abundância relativa (6,52%). O óleo de C. citratus (Brasil/Cuba) foi dissolvido em DMSO, obtendose as concentrações de 5, 10, 25, 75 e 100%; e o citral (16,8 mg) foi misturando com 960mL de DMSO. Tanto o óleo essencial como o monoterpeno citral foram aplicados topicamente nas neolarvas (1µL/larva). Os resultados mostraram uma concentração letal (CL50) de 4,25% e 3,24% para o óleo essencial brasileiro e cubano, respectivamente. As mortalidades do período larval e o de neo-larva a adulto foram dose-dependentes, tanto para os óleos como para o monoterpeno citral, podendo chegar a 90%. Ambos os óleos essenciais e citral causaram alterações morfológicas nos espécimes adultos.

Ocorrência de spalangia endius Walker, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) em pupas de musca domestica L. e Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera, Muscidae) no sul do Rio Grande do Sul / Occurrence of spalangia endius Walker, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) in pupae of Musca domestica L. and Stomoxys calcitrans L. in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

It was reported the occurrence of Spalangia endius Walker, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) as a parasitoid of pupae of Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Muscidae) and Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Muscidae) in the extreme Southern of Brazil. The collection of pupae was performed in January and February, 2008. The pupae of M. domestica and S. calcitrans were collected from bovine feces using the flotation method. The pupae were individualized in glass tubes and maintained in acclimatized chamber at 27±2ºC with relative air humidity > 70 percent until the emergence of the flies or the parasitoids. The referred occurrence consists in the first report to Rio Grande do Sul.

Ocorrência de Spalangia endius Walker, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) em pupas de Musca domestica L. e Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera, Muscidae) no sul do Rio Grande do Sul / Occurrence of Spalangia endius Walker, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) in pupae of Musca domestica L. and Stomoxys calcitrans L. in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

It was reported the occurrence of Spalangia endius Walker, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) as a parasitoid of pupae of Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Muscidae) and Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Muscidae) in the extreme Southern of Brazil. The collection of pupae was performed in January and February, 2008. The pupae of M. domestica and S. calcitrans were collected from bovine feces using the flotation method. The pupae were individualized in glass tubes and maintained in acclimatized chamber at 27±2ºC with relative air humidity > 70 percent until the emergence of the flies or the parasitoids. The referred occurrence consists in the first report to Rio Grande do Sul.(AU)

Exigências térmicas e estimativa do número de gerações de Spalangia endius Walker, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) em Pelotas, RS / Thermal requirements and estimative of number of generations of Spalangia endius Walker, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) in Pelotas, RS, Brazil

O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar as exigências térmicas e o número de gerações, mensal e anual, de Spalangia endius em pupas de Musca domestica em quatro temperaturas constantes. O período de desenvolvimento de S. endius foi obtido por meio de 100 pupas de M. domestica, com idade entre 24-48 horas, expostas por 24 horas aos parasitoides, para cada temperatura, sendo feitas três réplicas. Após esse período, as pupas foram individualizadas em tubos de ensaio e acondicionadas em estufa B.O.D., nas temperaturas de 20, 25, 30 e 35° C com umidade ≥ 70% e fotofase (12h), onde foram observadas diariamente até a emergência dos parasitoides. A temperatura influenciou a duração do período de desenvolvimento de S. endius. O menor período de ovo a adulto foi a 35° C (16,84 dias) e a maior porcentagem de emergência foi a 20° C (37%). A temperatura base encontrada foi de 11,27° C, com uma constante térmica de 390,96 graus-dia (GD). O período de desenvolvimento foi inversamente proporcional à temperatura e a média de gerações por ano foi de 7,24, variando de 7,03 a 7,48.

The aim of this work was to estimate the thermal requirements and the number of generations, monthly and annually, of Spalangia endius in pupae of Musca domestica at four constant temperatures. The development period of S. endius was obtained through 100 pupae of M. domestica, with ages between 24-48 hours, exposed for 24 hour to the parasitoids for each temperature, with three replicas. After this period the pupae were individualized in assay tubes and placed in B.O.D. with temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35º C and humidity ≥ 70% and photophase (12h), where they were observed daily until the emergence of the parasitoids. The temperature influenced the duration of the development period of S. endius. The shorter period form egg to adult was at 35º C (16.84 days) and the higher percentage of emergence was at 20º C (37%). The basis temperature was 11.27ºC with a thermal constant of 390.96 degrees-day (DD). The development period was inversely proportional to temperature and the medium of generations per year was 7.24, varying from 7.03 to 7.48.

EXIGÊNCIAS TÉRMICAS E ESTIMATIVA DO NÚMERO DE GERAÇÕES DE SPALANGIA ENDIUS WALKER, 1839 (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) EM PELOTAS, RS

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to estimate the thermal requirements and the number of generations, monthly and annually, of Spalangia endius in pupae of Musca domestica at four constant temperatures. The development period of S. endius was obtained through 100 pupae of M. domestica, with ages between 24-48 hours, exposed for 24 hour to the parasitoids for each temperature, with three replicas. After this period the pupae were individualized in assay tubes and placed in B.O.D. with temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35º C and humidity 70% and photophase (12h), where they were observed daily until the emergence of the parasitoids. The temperature influenced the duration of the development period of S. endius. The shorter period form egg to adult was at 35º C (16.84 days) and the higher percentage of emergence was at 20º C (37%). The basis temperature was 11.27ºC with a thermal constant of 390.96 degrees-day (DD). The development period was inversely proportional to temperature and the medium of generations per year was 7.24, varying from 7.03 to 7.48.

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar as exigências térmicas e o número de gerações, mensal e anual, de Spalangia endius em pupas de Musca domestica em quatro temperaturas constantes. O período de desenvolvimento de S. endius foi obtido por meio de 100 pupas de M. domestica, com idade entre 24-48 horas, expostas por 24 horas aos parasitoides, para cada temperatura, sendo feitas três réplicas. Após esse período, as pupas foram individualizadas em tubos de ensaio e acondicionadas em estufa B.O.D., nas temperaturas de 20, 25, 30 e 35° C com umidade 70% e fotofase (12h), onde foram observadas diariamente até a emergência dos parasitoides. A temperatura influenciou a duração do período de desenvolvimento de S. endius. O menor período de ovo a adulto foi a 35° C (16,84 dias) e a maior porcentagem de emergência foi a 20° C (37%). A temperatura base encontrada foi de 11,27° C, com uma constante térmica de 390,96 graus-dia (GD). O período de desenvolvimento foi inversamente proporcional à temperatura e a média de gerações por ano foi de 7,24, variando de 7,03 a 7,48.