Tumor de colision uterino: Reporte de un caso / Uterine collision tumor: Case report

La presencia de dos o más tipos de tumores en la misma zona del cuerpo es poco frecuente. El tumor compuesto o tumor de colisión presenta distintos subtipos histológicos en la misma región, con características clínicas, evolución y pronóstico diferente, diagnosticándose de forma incidental durante el estudio del otro. Se presenta un caso de una paciente quién fue diagnosticada con carcinoma epidermoide de cuello uterino estadio clínico IB1, tratada con cirugía (histerectomía radical Tipo III) que en el análisis histopatológico arroja dos subtipos histológicos, seguimiento con 4 años libres de enfermedad(AU)

The presence of two or more types of tumors in the same anatomic area is very strange. The compound tumor or coalition tumor presents different histological subtypes in the same region, with distinct clinical characteristics, evolution, and prognosis, being diagnosed incidentally during the study of the other. A case is presented of a patient who was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix clinical stage IB1, treatedwith surgery (Type III radical hysterectomy) that in the histopathological analysis showed two histological subtypes, follow-up with 4 years free of disease(AU)

Mexican consensus about surgical treatment in early-stage cervicouterine cancer.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a public health problem in our country and worldwide. Less than 25% of cases are diagnosed in the early stages, where survival is more remarkable than 90% at five years. Here, we review surgical treatment in the early stages of cervical cancer. Methodology: A literature review was carried out in the MEDLINE database. The search was mainly limited to the English language, with priority given to systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis and randomized studies. However, only retrospective or observational evidence was found for some topics. Results: The standard treatment for early-stage cervical cancer is hysterectomy, and its radical nature will depend on the tumor size, lymphovascular permeation, and tumor-specific prognostic factors. Furthermore, the type of surgery (hysterectomy or trachelectomy) will rely on the patient's desire to preserve fertility. Nodal evaluation is indicated as part of the treatment from stage IAI with PLV. However, the sentinel lymph node is more relevant in the treatment. The incidental finding of cervical cancer after a hysterectomy requires a multidisciplinary evaluation to determine the therapeutic approach. Less radical surgery has been described as oncologically safe in low-risk groups. Conclusion: Surgical treatment in its early stages has evolved in recent decades, making it more individualized and seeking less morbidity in patients without compromising their survival.

Prevalence of hysterectomy and associated factors in Brazilian women aged 50 and older: findings from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSI-Brazil).

BACKGROUND: Hysterectomy is a gynaecological surgical procedure in which the uterus is removed as a treatment for both malignant and benign gynaecological diseases. A hysterectomy is also performed to minimise risks in women with problems related to the uterus. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of reported hysterectomy and associated risk factors in Brazilian women aged 50 and older. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSI-Brazil) was conducted. A total of 5,293 women aged 50 and over who participated in the ELSI-Brazil study in 2015 and 2016 were included. The prevalence rate of hysterectomy was estimated and the main reasons for performing the surgery were identified. The bivariate analyses utilised the chi-square test, while multivariate analyses employed Poisson regression with a robust estimator. RESULTS: The reported prevalence of hysterectomy was 17.8%. The most prevalent reason for the surgery was the presence of uterine myoma. Significant and independent associations were observed in women aged 63 and older, married, having undergone preventive exams, hormonal treatment, had up to three deliveries and having a private health plan. CONCLUSION: The main objective of the study was achieved. The prevalence of hysterectomy in Brazilian women aged 50 and older was 17.8%. Significant associations were observed with participants' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics reinforcing the importance of considering the reproductive characteristics of women as indicators of health status.

Uterine changes in transgender men receiving testosterone therapy.

OBJECTIVES: Despite regular gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), the presence of uterine bleeding can occur occasionally and cause profound discomfort. This study aimed to evaluate the histologic features and immunohistochemical expression of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and androgen receptors (AR) in the endometrium and myometrium of transgender men receiving testosterone therapy and relate them to clinical and hormonal characteristics. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: Thirty-four transgender men undergoing gender-affirming surgery were included. Clinical, sociodemographic, and laboratory data as well as anatomopathological and immunohistochemical findings were evaluated. RESULTS: The participants' mean age was 42.35 (SD, 10.00) years, and body mass index was 28.16 (SD, 5.52) kg/m2. The mean GAHT duration before surgery was 5.36 (SD, 3.24) years. The mean testosterone levels were 814.98 (SD, 407.13) ng/dL, and estradiol levels were 55.22 (SD, 25.27) pg/mL. The endometrium was atrophic in 61.8%, proliferative in 17.6%, and secretory in 20.6%. Immunohistochemical receptor analysis revealed that endometrial epithelial cells expressed ER (90%) and PR (80%), with a lower expression of AR (30%). In stromal tissue, the median ER, PR, and AR expression was lower than that in the epithelium (60%, 70%, and 25%, respectively). The myometrium showed high expression of PR (90%) and ER (70%), with the highest expression of AR (65%) being localized to this region. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, GAHT induced an atrophic condition of the endometrium in two-thirds of the transgender men, with a limited AR expression in the endometrial region. The present results suggest that testosterone-based GAHT for a mean of 5 years is safe in transgender men achieving amenorrhea.

Uterine Artery Embolization Versus Hysterectomy in Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to perform a meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of uterine artery embolization (UAE) versus peripartum hysterectomy for acute refractory postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically searched 6 medical databases for studies comparing UAE and hysterectomy in PPH. Outcomes examined were mortality, hospitalization duration (HD) in days, and red blood cells (RBC) units utilization. Statistical analysis used RevMan 5.1.7 and random-effects models. Odds ratios (OR) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively. RESULTS: We included 833 patients from 4 cohort studies, with 583 (70%) undergoing UAE. The UAE population required fewer RBC units (MD: -7.39; 95% CI: -14.73 to -0.04; p=0.05) and had shorter HD (MD: -3.22; 95% CI: -5.42 to -1.02; p=0.004). Lower mortality rates were noted for UAE in the pooled analysis, but no statistical significance. Uterine artery embolization demonstrated lower procedural complications (16.45% vs. 28.8%), in which UAE had less ureter and bladder lesions (OR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01-0.38; p=0.004 and OR: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00-0.15; p<0.001, respectively). Only 35 (6%) required conversion to hysterectomy, while 27 (4.6%) underwent re-embolization with 100% bleeding control. Uterine artery embolization did not hinder fertility, with normal menstruation restored in 19 patients with postoligomenorrhea. CONCLUSION: Uterine artery embolization for the control of PPH is associated with lower use of RBC units and HD, but similar rates of mortality are noted when compared to hysterectomy. These results associated with uterine preservation could support its importance for refractory PPH management. CLINICAL IMPACT: Uterine Artery Embolization is associated with a shorter hospitalization duration and reduced use of red blood cell units when compared with hysterectomy in refractory postpartum hemorrhage. Although demonstrating similar mortality rates, these findings, together with fertility preservation, support the method incorporation as a valuable option in obstetric services.

[Non-therapeutic hysterectomy in Mexican young females with intellectual disability: a problematized reality]. / Histerectomía no terapéutica en jóvenes mexicanas con discapacidad intelectual: una realidad problematizada.

Background: Non-therapeutic hysterectomy in girls and adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) is an acceptable practice, even when there is a lack of prescriptive ethical reason. Objectives: To determine the magnitude of the practice of hysterectomy in girls and adolescents with ID, and explore the emic factors associated with this procedure. Material and methods: Multicenter, intersectoral study with a mixed methods design. Results: The quantitative results showed that 50 of 234 reported hysterectomies corresponded to females with ID. Average age at the time of surgery was 15 ± 2.9 years. Prophylactic abdominal hysterectomy was the most common procedure, and the justifications for it were "fertility control", "menstrual hygiene management", and "risk of sexual abuse". A qualitative analysis of 15 focus groups revealed that parents' main concern was how to manage their daughters' index disease and reproductive health; they perceived menstruation positively; they expressed their fear of dying and leaving them without support, and emphasized fertility control; none of them approved hysterectomy. Conclusions: The bodies that define health policies need to create a new philosophy that avoids the reductionist approach of current biomedical model, which separates (in the health-disease process) our interdependence with other humans.

Antecedentes: La histerectomía no terapéutica en niñas y adolescentes con discapacidad intelectual (DI) es una práctica aceptable, aun cuando se carece de razón ética prescriptiva. Objetivos: Determinar la magnitud de la práctica de la histerectomía en niñas y adolescentes con DI, y explorar los factores emic asociados a esta práctica. Material y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico e intersectorial con método mixto. Resultados: Los resultados cuantitativos mostraron que 50 de 234 histerectomías reportadas correspondieron a mujeres con DI. El promedio de edad a la cirugía fue de 15 ± 2.9 años. La histerectomía abdominal profiláctica fue el procedimiento predominante y las justificaciones fueron control de fertilidad, manejo de la higiene menstrual y riesgo de abuso sexual. El análisis cualitativo de 15 grupos focales reveló que la principal preocupación de los padres fue cómo manejar la enfermedad índice y la salud reproductiva de sus hijas; percibieron positivamente la menstruación, expresaron su miedo a morir y dejarlas sin ayuda, resaltaron el control de la fertilidad y ninguno aprobó la histerectomía. Conclusiones: Los organismos que definen políticas de salud necesitan crear una nueva filosofía que evite el enfoque reduccionista del actual modelo biomédico, el cual separa (en el proceso salud-enfermedad) la interdependencia entre los seres humanos.

Urinary symptoms and sexual function after hysterectomy secondary to cervical cancer: A prospective, cohort study.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The estimated worldwide incidence of cervical cancer (CC) is half a million cases per year. Surgical treatment is the mainstay approach for this condition. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of hysterectomy due to cervical cancer in urinary symptoms and sexual function and the disorder related impact on the quality of patients life. STUDY DESIGN: A cohort study was performed in Fortaleza/CE (Brazil) with 71 patients; of these, 31 were diagnosed with cervical cancer (G-CCU) and 40 with gynecological benign disease (G-PB). Sexual function (FSFI questionnaire), quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire) and urinary symptoms (KHQ instrument) were investigated in both groups at baseline (T0), one month (T1) and four months after surgery (T2). RESULTS: Both groups presented at baseline, similar urinary symptoms (p > 0.05), but this frequency doubled for the G-CCU group at T1 and remained unchanged at T2 (p = 0.012). G-PB's frequency of symptoms remained the same for 4 months after surgery. At baseline G-PB had higher risk for sexual dysfunction than G-CCU (82.5 % versus 54.8 %, p = 0.011). However for G-CCU, an increase of this percentage was perceived at T2.Women from the G-CCU group presented worse general and specific quality of life results. CONCLUSION: Women underwent to hysterectomy due to cervical cancer presented higher percentages of urinary symptoms, higher risk for sexual dysfunction and worse general and specific quality of life scores.

Inversión uterina no puerperal en paciente con leiomioma uterino: caso clínico / Non-puerperal uterine inversion in a patient with uterine leiomyoma: case report

La inversión uterina es una patología de presentación rara e infrecuente. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con inversión uterina no puerperal con requerimiento de histerectomía abdominal total. Sin antecedentes de importancia asistió al servicio de urgencias por un cuadro clínico de dolor abdominal de 10 días de evolución asociado a sangrado vaginal abundante con inestabilidad hemodinámica y sensación de masa vaginal. Al examen físico se evidenció una masa sobresaliente del canal vaginal de aspecto necrótico, por lo que se sospechó mioma nascens. Durante la estancia hospitalaria presentó inestabilidad hemodinámica, por lo que fue llevada a histerectomía abdominal de urgencia con hallazgo de inversión uterina. La inversión uterina no puerperal es infrecuente. Es importante realizar un buen diagnóstico clínico apoyado de las imágenes si se encuentran disponibles, la intervención quirúrgica es necesaria y proporciona un buen pronóstico. La histerectomía vaginal no es sencilla en estos casos, por lo que se recomienda la histerectomía abdominal total.

Uterine inversion is a rare and infrequent disease. The case of a patient with a non-puerperal uterine inversion that had to be treated with a total abdominal hysterectomy is presented in this study. With no important history of disease, she attended the emergency department presenting abdominal pain in the last 10 days associated with vaginal bleeding and mass sensation. The physical examination revealed a protruding necrotic-like mass through the vagina, hence the suspicion of a myoma nascens. During her hospital ward stay, she presented hemodynamic instability, urgent abdominal hysterectomy had to be done which revealed uterine inversion. Non-puerperal uterine inversion is infrequent. Precise clinical diagnosis is important supported by diagnostic imaging if available. The surgical intervention is necessary, giving a good prognosis. Vaginal hysterectomy is not easy in this type of cases, therefore total abdominal hysterectomy is recommended.

Factors Associated with Parametrial Involvement in Endometrial Carcinoma in Patients Treated with Radical Hysterectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Describe factors associated with parametrial involvement, and how these factors modify the prognosis of patients with endometrial carcinoma treated with radical hysterectomy. METHODS: Observational study in which categorized patients according to those with and without parametrial involvement. A descriptive analysis and comparative analysis were performed for associations between parametrial spread and clinical, surgical, and pathology variables. RESULTS: We analyzed 85 patients, which 18 (21%) had parametrial involvement. Pathology factors associated with parametrial involvement were the endometrioid subtype, grade 3, and variants of poor prognosis (odds ratio (OR) 3.41, 95% CI 1.09-10.64; P = 0.035), myometrial invasion of over 50% (OR 7.76, 95% CI 1.65-36.44; P = 0.009), serosal involvement (OR 17.07, 95% CI 3.87-75.35; P < 0.001), ovarian metastasis (OR 5.15, 95% CI 1.36-19.46; P = 0.016), positive peritoneal cytology (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.04-14.77; P = 0.044), and lymph node metastasis (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.16-9.97; P = 0.026). Five-year disease-free survival was 74% (95% CI 57.4-85.4) for the group without parametrial spread and 50.8% (95% CI 22.7-73.4) for the group with parametrial spread (P = 0.001). Similarly, 5-year overall survival was 85.2% (95% CI 67.9-93.6) for the group without parametrial spread and 47.5% (95% CI 8.1-80.2) for the group with parametrial spread (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Factors associated with parametrial involvement were histologies of poor prognosis, tumors affecting uterine serosa, cervix, or spread beyond the uterus. Additionally, parametrial involvement directly affects prognosis by reducing overall survival, disease-free survival and increasing odds for recurrence.

Risk of endometrial cancer after RRSO in BRCA 1/2 carriers: a multicentre cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To know the risk of endometrial cancer (EC) in a population of women with BRCA 1/2 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). METHODS: The study cohort included data from 857 women with BRCA mutations who underwent RRSO visited four hospitals in Catalonia, Spain, from January 1, 1999 to April 30, 2019. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of EC was calculated in these patients using data from a regional population-based cancer registry. RESULTS: After RRSO, eight cases of EC were identified. Four in BRCA 1 carriers and four in BRCA2 carriers. The expected number of cases of EC was 3.67 cases, with a SIR of 2.18 and a 95% CI (0.93-3.95). CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort, the risk of EC in BRCA1/2 carriers after RRSO is not greater than expected. Hysterectomy is not routinely recommended for these patients.

O Impacto da Histerectomia e a Participação dos Profissionais de Saúde Durante o Processo Cirúrgico / The Impact of Hysterectomy and the Involvement of Healthcare Professionals During the Surgical Process / El impacto de la histerectomía y la participación de los profesionales de la salud durante el proceso quirúrgico

Objetivo:descrever a o impacto da histerectomia e a participação dos profissionais de saúde durante o processo cirúrgico. O problema de pesquisa parte do seguinte questionamento: que impacto tem a histerectomia na vida da mulher em idade reprodutiva? Que participação tem os profissionais de saúde no processo cirúrgico? Método: Estudo de natureza descritiva com abordagem qualitativa conforme os pressupostos de Minayo (2009) com método de pesquisa exploratória. Resultados:Foram entrevistadas 7 mulheres que foram submetidas a histerectomia, com idade acima de 18 anos, que responderam perguntas referentes ao impacto do diagnóstico, conhecimento sobre a cirugia e experiências sobre o acolhimento dos profissionais da saúde no processo cirúrgico. A entrevista foi realizada em ambiente virtual na plataforma Google Forms. Conclusão: As entrevistadas revelaram sentimentos de angústia e medo ao se depararem com o diagnóstico cirúrgico por ausência de conhecimento inicialmente, evidenciando insatisfação e ausência dos profissionais da saúde quanto à cirurgia. O estudo reforça a importância das equipes multidisciplinares em hospitais e/ou locais de cuidados de saúde, uma vez que o foco principal no trabalho com pessoas acometidas por uma enfermidade não é a doença em si, mas elas mesmas.

Objective: to describe the impact of hysterectomy and the involvement of healthcare professionals during the surgical process. The research problem originates from the following questions: What impact does hysterectomy have on the life of a woman of reproductive age?What role do healthcare professionals play in the surgical process? Method:A descriptive study with a qualitative approach according to Minayo's (2009) assumptions using an exploratory research method. Results:Seven women who underwent hysterectomy, aged over 18 years, were interviewed. They answered questions regarding the impact of the diagnosis, knowledge about the surgery, and experiences of healthcare professionals' support during the surgical process. The interviews were conducted in a virtual environment using the Google Forms platform. Conclusion:The interviewees revealed feelings of anguish and fear when faced with the surgical diagnosis due to initial lack of knowledge, showing dissatisfaction and absence of healthcare professionals regarding the surgery. The study reinforces the importance of multidisciplinary teams in hospitals and/or healthcare facilities, as the main focus in working with people affected by an illness is not the disease itself, but the individuals themselves

Objetivo: describir el impacto de la histerectomía y la participación de los profesionales de la salud durante el proceso quirúrgico. El problema de investigación se basa en la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué impacto tiene la histerectomía en la vida de las mujeres en edadreproductiva? ¿Qué papel juegan los profesionales de la salud en el proceso quirúrgico? Método:Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo según los supuestos de Minayo (2009) con un método de investigación exploratorio. Resultados:Se entrevistó a 7 mujeres mayores de 18 años sometidas a histerectomía, quienes respondieron preguntassobre el impacto del diagnóstico, conocimientos sobre cirugía y experiencias sobre la recepción de profesionales de la salud en el proceso quirúrgico. La entrevista se realizó en un entorno virtual en la plataforma Google Forms. Conclusión:Los entrevistados revelaron sentimientos de angustia y miedo frente al diagnóstico quirúrgico debido a la falta de conocimiento inicial, evidenciando insatisfacción y ausencia de profesionales de la salud con respecto a la cirugía. El estudio refuerza la importancia de los equipos multidisciplinarios en los hospitales y/o en los entornos sanitarios, ya que el foco principal en el trabajo con personas afectadas por una enfermedad no es la enfermedad en sí, sino ellos mismos.

Histerectomía abdominal y deterioro de la función física en mujeres adultas mayores colombianas / Abdominal hysterectomy and impaired physical function in colombian older women

Resumen OBJETIVO: Estimar, en mujeres adultas mayores colombianas, la asociación entre histerectomía abdominal con el deterioro de la función física y con la limitación para las actividades de la vida diaria. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal llevado a cabo en mujeres colombianas entre 60 y 75 años que firmaron el consentimiento informado, permitieron mediciones antropométricas y contestaron un formulario con preguntas acerca de datos sociodemográficos y clínicos. Se aplicó la subescala de función física del Cuestionario SF-36. Se realizaron regresiones logísticas bivariadas: limitación para las actividades habituales o deterioro en la función física (variables dependientes) con el antecedente de histerectomía con o sin ooforectomía en la pre o posmenopausia (variables independientes). Además, se aplicaron cuatro modelos de regresión logística ajustada. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 700 mujeres con promedio de edad de 67.0 ± 4.8 años y 18.9 ± 6.3 años trascurridos a partir de la menopausia. A todas se les practicó histerectomía con ooforectomía durante los años de premenopausia (4.2%); histerectomía sin ooforectomía en la premenopausia (18.1%); histerectomía con ooforectomía en la posmenopausia (2.1%) e histerectomía sin ooforectomía en la posmenopausia (8.4). La histerectomía con ooforectomía, o sin esta última en la premenopausia, se relacionó con deterioro de la función física (RM: 2.67; IC95%:1.19-5.97) y 2.02 (IC95%:1.34-3.09). Igual sucedió con las actividades habituales (p < 0.05). La histerectomía con preservación o extirpación ovárica durante la posmenopausia no se asoció con deterioro de la función física (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIÓN: En la muestra estudiada se encontró relación entre la histerectomía con limitación para actividades diarias y con deterioro de la función física. La histerectomía con o sin ooforectomía practicada durante los años de premenopausia, a diferencia de la adelantada en posmenopausia, se asoció, significativamente, con deterioro del funcionamiento físico.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association of abdominal hysterectomy with impaired physical function and limitation of activities of daily living in elderly Colombian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study in Colombian women aged 60-75 years who signed informed consent, allowed anthropometric measurements, and completed a form with questions on socio-demographic and clinical data. The physical function subscale of the SF-36 questionnaire was used. Bivariate logistic regressions were performed: limitation of usual activities or impairment of physical function (dependent variables) with history of hysterectomy with or without oophorectomy in pre- or postmenopause (independent variables). Four adjusted logistic regression models were also used. RESULTS: Seven hundred women with a mean age of 67.0 ± 4.8 years and 18.9 ± 6.3 years since menopause were evaluated. All had undergone hysterectomy with oophorectomy in the premenopausal years (4.2%); hysterectomy without oophorectomy in the premenopausal years (18.1%); hysterectomy with oophorectomy in the postmenopausal years (2.1%); and hysterectomy without oophorectomy in the postmenopausal years (8.4%). Hysterectomy with or without oophorectomy in premenopause was associated with impaired physical function (MR: 2.67; 95%CI: 1.19-5.97) and 2.02 (95%CI: 1.34-3.09), respectively. The same was true for usual activities (p < 0.05). Postmenopausal hysterectomy with ovarian preservation or removal was not associated with impaired physical function (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In the sample studied, an association was found between hysterectomy with limitation of daily activities and impaired physical function. Hysterectomy with or without oophorectomy in the premenopausal years, as opposed to early postmenopausal hysterectomy, was significantly associated with physical function impairment.

Sentinel lymph node mapping with indocyanine green using SPY-PHI in open radical hysterectomy or trachelectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the detection rate of at least one sentinel lymph node (SLN) in patients with early cervical cancer who underwent open radical hysterectomy or trachelectomy using indocyanine green (ICG) with the SPY Portable Handler Imager (SPY-PHI) system. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients with cervical cancer FIGO 2018 stage IA1 with lymphovascular invasion up to stage IIIC1p who underwent SLN mapping and open radical hysterectomy or trachelectomy from March 2018 through August 2022 at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. ICG was the only tracer used with the SPY-PHI system. Patient demographics, surgical approach, and tumor factors were analyzed. Overall detection, bilateral detection, and empty lymph node packet rates were determined. RESULTS: A total of 106 patients were included. Ninety-four (88.7%) patients underwent open radical hysterectomy and 12 (11.3%) open radical trachelectomy. Median age was 40 years (range, 23-71). Median body mass index was 28.8 kg/m2 (range, 17.6-48.4). The most common FIGO 2018 stages were IB1 (35%) and IB2 (30%). The most common histologic subtypes were squamous cell carcinoma (45%) and adenocarcinoma (45%). Most patients had grade 2 disease (61%) and no lymphovascular invasion (58%). Median tumor size was 1.8 cm (range, 0.3-4). Median number of detected SLN was 4 (range, 0-12). An SLN was identified during surgery in 104 patients (98%), with bilateral mapping in 94 (89%) and unilateral mapping in 10 (9%). The empty lymph node packet rate was 4 (3.8%). The external iliac (73%) was the most common site of SLN detection. Fourteen patients had positive lymph nodes (13.5%); 3 (21.4%) had macrometastases, 9 (64.3%) had micrometastases, and 2 (14.3%) had isolated tumor cells. CONCLUSION: SLN mapping using ICG with the SPY-PHI system in open radical hysterectomy or trachelectomy is reliable and results in high overall and bilateral detection rates in patients with early cervical cancer.

Vaginal hysterectomy for the treatment of low-risk endometrial cancer: Surgical technique, costs, and perioperative and oncologic results.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe an operative technique for vaginal hysterectomy (VH) and assess the costs, perioperative, and oncological outcomes for this procedure when used in the treatment of patients with low-risk endometrial cancer (LREC). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted on patients who underwent VH to treat precursor and invasive endometrial lesions between April 2019 and November 2021 at a single center in São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean patient age was 61.9 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 34. Obese patients (BMI ≥ 30) accounted for 77% of the sample. Preoperative functional capacity measures were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-1 and ECOG-2 for 91% and 9% of the patients, respectively. The mean operative time and length of hospital stay were 109 min and 1.2 days, respectively. Four patients had a conversion of the surgical route to laparotomy. No major intraoperative complications were observed. Patients who underwent surgical conversion had a greater uterine volume (227 versus 107 mL, p = 0.006) and longer operative time (177 versus 96 min, p = 0.001). The total cost associated with VH was, on average, US$ 2058.77 (R$ 10,925.91), representing 47% of the cost associated with non-vaginal routes. Twenty-eight patients received a definitive diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma; of these, three received adjuvant radiotherapy. The mean follow-up period was 34.6 months for the patients diagnosed with cancer. One case of disease recurrence occurred 16.6 months after surgery, with one death at 28.6 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that VH could be a feasible and cost-effective alternative for selected patients with LREC in low-resource settings.

Histerectomía total laparoscópica: resultados perioperatorios en 10 años de experiencia / Single-center cohort study of perioperative outcomes on total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH): a 10-year experience

Resumen Introducción : La extirpación del útero, (histerectomía) es la cirugía más frecuente en ginecología. En Argentina existen pocas publicaciones sobre los resultados perio peratorios de este tipo de procedimiento, y menos aún sobre histerectomía mínimamente invasiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la tasa de complica ciones perioperatorias en pacientes con histerectomía total laparoscópica realizada en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, desde el 7 de enero de 2010 al 22 de diciembre de 2020. Métodos : estudio de cohorte retrospectivo donde se revisaron las historias clínicas electrónicas de pacien tes sometidas a una histerectomía laparoscópica en el período mencionado. Se evaluaron las complicaciones intraquirúrgicas y postoperatorias utilizando la clasifi cación validada de Clavien-Dindo. Resultados : Se incluyeron 1014 pacientes. La tasa de complicaciones intraquirúrgicas fue de 4.5%. Se halló una tasa de complicaciones postoperatorias de 16.6% (n=168), siendo 12.3% (n=125) Clavien-Dindo ≤ 2, y 4.2% (n=43) Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3. En el análisis multivariable que se ajustó por peso uterino >170g, edad, índice de masa corporal y más de dos cirugías abdominales pre vias, se encontró asociación entre peso uterino > 170 g y complicaciones postoperatorias, OR 1.49, IC 95% 1.04- 2.14, p = 0.03. Discusión : Al evaluar el porcentaje de complicaciones menores y mayores, nuestros números se encuentran dentro de los parámetros aceptables para realizar este tipo de cirugía, más aún, considerando que la evaluación se realizó en un ámbito educativo.

Abstract Introduction : The removal of the uterus, (hysterec tomy), is the most frequent surgery in gynecology. In Argentina there are few publications on the periopera tive results of this type of procedure, and even less on minimally invasive hysterectomy. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of perioperative compli cations in patients with total laparoscopic hysterectomy performed at Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, from January 7, 2010 to December 22, 2020. Methods : retrospective cohort study where electronic medical records were reviewed. Intrasurgical and postop erative complications were evaluated using the validated Clavien-Dindo's classification. Results : 1014 patients were included. The rate of intra-surgical complications was 4.5%. In respect to postoperative complications, there was found a rate of 16.6% (n=168), being 12.3% (n=125) Clavien-Dindo ≤ 2, and 4.2% (n=43) Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3. In a multivariable analysis that adjusted for uterine weight > 170g, age, body mass index, and more than two previous abdomi nal surgeries, an association was found between uterine weight >170g and postoperative complications OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.04- 2.14, p=0.03. Discussion : When evaluating the percentage of mi nor and major complications, our findings are within the acceptable parameters for performing this type of surgery, even though the evaluation was carried out in an educational setting.

Vivencias sexuales y autoestima en mujeres mexicanas con histerectomía / Sexual experiences and self-esteem in Mexican women with hysterectomy

RESUMEN La histerectomía es la segunda cirugía más frecuente dentro de la ginecología a nivel mundial. En México se calcula que una de cada tres mujeres, antes de los 60 años, se someterá a dicho procedimiento. Las mujeres con histerectomía atraviesan por una serie de cambios que pueden afectarlas en distintos aspectos de su vida, repercutiendo en lo psicológico, social y anatómico. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue interpretar las vivencias sexuales y autoestima de mujeres mexicanas con histerectomía. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa fenomenológica-hermenéutica, en la que participaron 11 mujeres con histerectomía abdominal. Los resultados se agruparon en 2 categorías principales: sexualidad y autoestima, y sus respectivas subcategorías. En la primera, se reporta una disminución de la lubricación y en consecuencia afectaciones en el deseo, satisfacción y orgasmo. En la segunda, se documentaron alteraciones que se presentaban con cambios de percepción y pensamientos, así como en sus capacidades, sentimientos y actitud. El proceso que transitaron las mujeres, tras la histerectomía, influyó en los componentes de su sexualidad y autoestima. El tiempo de afrontamiento y su resultado favorable estuvo asociado con lograr anteponer la autoestima a la afectación vivida en su sexualidad.

ABSTRACT Hysterectomy is the second surgery with more frequency inside gynecology at a worldwide level. In Mexico it is calculated that one of every three women before 60 years old will be subjected to that procedure. Women with hysterectomy undergo a series of changes that could affect them in different aspects of their lives, impacting in the psychological, social, and anatomical. The objective of this investigation was to interpret the sexual experiences and self-esteem of Mexican women with hysterectomy. A qualitative phenomenological-hermeneutic methodology was used where 11 women with abdominal hysterectomy participated. Results were grouped in 2 main categories: sexuality and self-esteem, and their respective subcategories. In the first category, a decrease on lubrication, which consequently had negative effects on desire, satisfaction, and orgasm was reported. In the second, some alterations characterized by changes on the participants' perception and thoughts were documented, as well as on their capacities, feelings, and attitudes. The process that women went through after the hysterectomy, influenced the components of their sexuality and self-esteem. The coping time and its favorable result were associated with putting self-esteem above the negative impact in their sexual life.

[Single-center cohort study of perioperative outcomes on total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH): a 10-year experience]. / Histerectomía total laparoscópica: resultados perioperatorios en 10 años de experiencia.

INTRODUCTION: The removal of the uterus, (hysterectomy), is the most frequent surgery in gynecology. In Argentina there are few publications on the perioperative results of this type of procedure, and even less on minimally invasive hysterectomy. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of perioperative complications in patients with total laparoscopic hysterectomy performed at Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, from January 7, 2010 to December 22, 2020. METHODS: retrospective cohort study where electronic medical records were reviewed. Intrasurgical and postoperative complications were evaluated using the validated Clavien-Dindo's classification. RESULTS: 1014 patients were included. The rate of intra-surgical complications was 4.5%. In respect to postoperative complications, there was found a rate of 16.6% (n=168), being 12.3% (n=125) Clavien-Dindo = 2, and 4.2% (n=43) Clavien-Dindo = 3. In a multivariable analysis that adjusted for uterine weight > 170g, age, body mass index, and more than two previous abdominal surgeries, an association was found between uterine weight >170g and postoperative complications OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.04- 2.14, p=0.03. DISCUSSION: When evaluating the percentage of minor and major complications, our findings are within the acceptable parameters for performing this type of surgery, even though the evaluation was carried out in an educational setting.

Introducción: La extirpación del útero, (histerectomía) es la cirugía más frecuente en ginecología. En Argentina existen pocas publicaciones sobre los resultados perioperatorios de este tipo de procedimiento, y menos aún sobre histerectomía mínimamente invasiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la tasa de complicaciones perioperatorias en pacientes con histerectomía total laparoscópica realizada en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, desde el 7 de enero de 2010 al 22 de diciembre de 2020. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo donde se revisaron las historias clínicas electrónicas de pacientes sometidas a una histerectomía laparoscópica en el período mencionado. Se evaluaron las complicaciones intraquirúrgicas y postoperatorias utilizando la clasificación validada de Clavien-Dindo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1014 pacientes. La tasa de complicaciones intraquirúrgicas fue de 4.5%. Se halló una tasa de complicaciones postoperatorias de 16.6% (n=168), siendo 12.3% (n=125) Clavien-Dindo = 2, y 4.2% (n=43) Clavien-Dindo = 3. En el análisis multivariable que se ajustó por peso uterino >170g, edad, índice de masa corporal y más de dos cirugías abdominales previas, se encontró asociación entre peso uterino > 170 g y complicaciones postoperatorias, OR 1.49, IC 95% 1.04-2.14, p = 0.03. Discusión: Al evaluar el porcentaje de complicaciones menores y mayores, nuestros números se encuentran dentro de los parámetros aceptables para realizar este tipo de cirugía, más aún, considerando que la evaluación se realizó en un ámbito educativo.

Frequency of post-treatment disease after excisional procedure in stage IA1 squamous cervical carcinoma - a case series.

Early stages of cervical cancer in young women need conservative treatments. Electrosurgical therapies (LLETZ, LEEP, SWETZ, NETZ) have been recommended for these women. However, there are recommendations to perform a second excision when the specimen margins are not free of disease. This can lead to some important complications. This article aims to verify the frequency of residual invasive or microinvasive disease after the excisional procedure in women with IA1CC. Data on women with IA1CC diagnosed between 1990 and 2022, were retrieved from medical records. Post-treatment disease was detected during a second surgical procedure or postoperative follow-up. Among the 69 included women, three (4.3 percent; CI95 percent 0-9.2) had residual microinvasive lesions, while none showed invasive disease during a second procedure or follow-up. Only the age of 37 years or more was significantly related to the presence of preinvasive or microinvasive residual lesions. Nearly 80 percent of the women who underwent a second procedure showed no residual lesions. The absence of invasive disease in a second procedure or during the follow-up of these women and the large proportion of women with no residual lesion questions the need for a new surgical procedure even when the surgical margins of the initial specimen are involved.

A subserosal uterine leiomyoma complicated with intra-abdominal haemorrhage: A case report.

Uterine leiomyomas, or fibroids, are the most common benign tumours of the female genital tract. Although uterine fibroids are commonly associated with menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, symptomatic anaemia, urinary or bowel symptoms and infertility, intra-abdominal haemorrhage is an exceedingly rare complication. Often, the diagnosis is poorly recognizable based on the patient's clinical presentation and alternative diagnoses such as ruptured ectopic pregnancy, ruptured ovarian cyst or perforated viscus are frequently considered. Herein, we describe a case of a 50-year-old perimenopausal woman who presented with acute, lower abdominal pain, evolving anaemia, hypovolaemic shock and haemoperitoneum with no discernable source. Emergency exploratory laparotomy confirmed the source of massive haemoperitoneum arising from a ruptured blood vessel supplying a large subserosal uterine leiomyoma and the patient subsequently underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Given the paucity of publications on this clinical entity, the aim of this report is to highlight a rare complication of uterine leiomyomas, its pathophysiological spectrum and its relevance to emergency physicians, general surgeons and gynaecologists.

Implementation of a Robotic Gynecologic Surgery Program in a Rural Setting: Impact on Presence of Assistant Surgeon and Route of Hysterectomy.

Background and Objectives: Robotic surgical technology may obviate the need for an assistant surgeon when performing hysterectomy. In rural communities where physician shortages remain a major barrier to healthcare access, reducing the number of surgeons necessary to complete a hysterectomy would be of significant consequence. We sought to investigate the impact of robotic surgery on both the presence of an assistant surgeon and route of hysterectomy following implementation of a robotic surgery program at a single-site community hospital. Methods: Retrospective chart review of hysterectomies performed before and after implementation of a robotic surgical program. Hysterectomies were classified by presence of an assistant surgeon, and by mode of hysterectomy (abdominal, laparoscopic, robotic, and vaginal). We observed the distribution of outcomes between the two study periods and compared them with the χ2 test. Results: Following implementation of a robotic surgical program we observed a statistically significant decrease in the presence of an assistant surgeon at the time of hysterectomy from 86.7% to 29.7%, p ≤ 0.0001. There was also an increase in the percentage of hysterectomies performed by minimally invasive technique from 67.0% to 87.4%, p ≤ 0.0001. Conclusion: Following implementation of a robotic gynecologic surgery program at a single-site rural community hospital, we observed a reduction in the utilization of an assistant surgeon at time of hysterectomy. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in the rate of minimally invasive hysterectomies performed.