Unveiling the Role of Donor Impurity Position on the Electronic Properties in Strained Type I and Type II Core/Shell Quantum Dots under Magnetic Field.

In this theoretical investigation, we delve into the significant effects of donor impurity position within core/shell quantum dot structures: type I (CdTe/ZnS) and type II (CdTe/CdS). The donor impurity's precise location within both the core and the shell regions is explored to unveil its profound influence on the electronic properties of these nanostructures. Our study investigates the diamagnetic susceptibility and binding energy of the donor impurity while considering the presence of an external magnetic field. Moreover, the lattice mismatch-induced strain between the core and shell materials is carefully examined as it profoundly influences the electronic structure of the quantum dot system. Through detailed calculations, we analyze the strain effects on the conduction and valence bands, as well as the electron and hole energy spectrum within the core/shell quantum dots. The results highlight the significance of donor impurity position as a key factor in shaping the behaviors of impurity binding energy and diamagnetic susceptibility. Furthermore, our findings shed light on the potential for tuning the electronic properties of core/shell quantum dots through precise impurity positioning and strain engineering.

Stark Effect for Donors in Rolled-Up Quantum Well.

We calculate energies of shallow donors confined in a rolled-up quantum well in the presence of the electric field by solving numerically the Schrödinger equation in natural curvilinear coordinates. It is found that the curves of density of states (DOSs) are very sensitive to the variation of the donor position, the geometry of the spiral and the applied electric field value. Novel results for dependencies of donor's dipole moment and its polarizability on the electric field strength and its orientation, for different donor positions are presented. Additionally, we found that the anisotropic Stark effect of the first order provides in this structure a dependency of the polarizability on the external electric field in a spike-like shape, giving rise to a sharp variation of the dipole moment.

Optical Properties in a ZnS/CdS/ZnS Core/Shell/Shell Spherical Quantum Dot: Electric and Magnetic Field and Donor Impurity Effects.

A theoretical analysis of optical properties in a ZnS/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell spherical quantum dot was carried out within the effective mass approximation. The corresponding Schrödinger equation was solved using the finite element method via the 2D axis-symmetric module of COMSOL-Multiphysics software. Calculations included variations of internal dot radius, the application of electric and magnetic fields (both oriented along z-direction), as well as the presence of on-center donor impurity. Reported optical properties are the absorption and relative refractive index change coefficients. These quantities are related to transitions between the ground and first excited states, with linearly polarized incident radiation along the z-axis. It is found that transition energy decreases with the growth of internal radius, thus causing the red-shift of resonant peaks. The same happens when the external magnetic field increases. When the strength of applied electric field is increased, the opposite effect is observed, since there is a blue-shift of resonances. However, dipole matrix moments decrease drastically with the increase of the electric field, leading to a reduction in amplitude of optical responses. At the moment impurity effects are activated, a decrease in the value of the energies is noted, significantly affecting the ground state, which is more evident for small internal radius. This is reflected in an increase in transition energies.

Modulation of persistent current in graphene quantum rings.

We investigate the effect of long-range impurity potentials on the persistent current of graphene quantum rings in the presence of an uniform perpendicular magnetic field. The impurity potentials are modeled as finite regions of the ring with a definite length. We show that, due to the relativistic and massless character of the charge carriers in graphene, the effect of such non-uniform potentials on the energy spectrum and on the persistent current of the rings can be reliably modeled by assuming a non-perturbed ring and including an additional phase due to the interaction of the charge carriers with the potential. In addition, the results show the presence of localized states in the impurity regions. Moreover, we show that for the case of a potential created by a p-n-p junction, the persistent current can be modulated by controlling the voltage at the junction.

Shallow Donor Impurity States with Excitonic Contribution in GaAs/AlGaAs and CdTe/CdSe Truncated Conical Quantum Dots under Applied Magnetic Field.

Using the effective mass approximation in a parabolic two-band model, we studied the effects of the geometrical parameters, on the electron and hole states, in two truncated conical quantum dots: (i) GaAs-(Ga,Al)As in the presence of a shallow donor impurity and under an applied magnetic field and (ii) CdSe-CdTe core-shell type-II quantum dot. For the first system, the impurity position and the applied magnetic field direction were chosen to preserve the system's azimuthal symmetry. The finite element method obtains the solution of the Schrödinger equations for electron or hole with or without impurity with an adaptive discretization of a triangular mesh. The interaction of the electron and hole states is calculated in a first-order perturbative approximation. This study shows that the magnetic field and donor impurities are relevant factors in the optoelectronic properties of conical quantum dots. Additionally, for the CdSe-CdTe quantum dot, where, again, the axial symmetry is preserved, a switch between direct and indirect exciton is possible to be controlled through geometry.

On-line solid phase extraction-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in baby shampoo.

N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) is a carcinogenic contaminant of concern in the cosmetics industry. Contaminated raw material, degradation, reactions of ingredients of the formulation, or migration of packaging material can be responsible for the presence of NDELA in the final product. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry is the most widely accepted technique for the quantitation of NDELA in cosmetic products. Still, there is no consensus regarding the sample preparation procedure. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of NDELA in shampoo. In the first dimension an Oasis HLB SPE-column was used and in the second dimension a CSH C18 column. NDELA-d8 was used as an internal standard. The 2D-LC parameters were optimized by a central composite multivariate design. However, before quantitation, a sample preparation step using solid-phase extraction was necessary to eliminate compounds present in the formulation, especially surfactants that were not compatible with the chromatographic columns. Moreover, the complex matrices and singular compositions of shampoo from different manufacturers required adjustments of the sample preparation procedure for each sample. The limit of quantitation of the method for the determination of NDELA in shampoo was in the range of 5-10 ng g-1. The accuracy of the method at the LOQ (10 ng g-1) was 114 % and the inter-day precision of 15.3 % (n = 9). One sample out of 12 presented an NDELA concentration of 54 ng g-1.

Presence of other rare earth metals in gadolinium-based contrast agents.

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) are widely used to enhance tissue contrast during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures. However, free Gadolinium (Gd) is undesirable as a drug substance, due to its high toxicity. Consequently, a coordinating ligand is required to keep it in solution and to increase tolerance. In order to achieve an adequate performance, GBCA must be administered in relatively large amounts. Chelate amounts are around 13-20 g and for Gd alone, this may amount to 3.3 g. Taking into account the route of administration, impurities in GBCA may be significant. Gadolinium occurs in nature along with 16 other elements known collectively as rare earth metals (RE), which are found throughout the earth's crust in minerals such as monazite. Gadolinium oxide corresponds to 0.7-4.0% of the RE present in minerals, and the sum concentration of RE in minerals is around 4%. Rare earth metals are difficult to separate, as the chemical and physical properties of one RE are significantly similar to those of others. In this study, the presence of other RE in GBCA formulations was investigated. Different lots of Magnevist®, Viewgam®, OptiMARK®, Omniscan®, Dotarem®, and Gadovist® were analyzed. Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry were used for RE determination. Procedure optimization included sample decomposition and method validation for element determination. The results showed that Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Tb, Tm, Dy, Ho, and Er were present in the 22 samples analyzed. Terbium, Thulium, Europium, and Lanthanum were, on average, found in the highest amounts, which were 0.42 mg/L, 0.17 mg/L, 0.17 mg/L, and 0.16 mg/L, respectively. These results could be attributed to the similarity among Europium, Gadolinium, and Terbium. They are in sequence in the periodic table and therefore present very close ionic radii, restricting their separation. Considering the sum of all RE, Viewgam® was the most contaminated formulation (mean of 2.16 mg/L) and Magnevist® the least (mean of 0.64 mg/L). Although the RE are chemically similar, the other RE do not perform as Gd as a contrast agent; therefore, their presence in formulations may be a matter of concern.

Donor impurity energy and optical absorption in spherical sector quantum dots.

The properties of the conduction band energy states of an electron interacting with a donor impurity center in spherical sector-shaped GaAs-Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum dots are theoretically investigated. The study is performed within the framework of the effective mass approximation through the numerical solution of the 3D Schrödinger equation for the envelope function via the finite element method. The modifications undergone by the spectrum due to the changes in the conical structure geometry (radius and apical angle) as well as in the position of the donor atom are discussed. With the information regarding electron states the linear optical absorption coefficient associated with transition between confined energy levels is evaluated and its features are discussed. The comparison of results obtained within the considered model with available experimental data in GaAs truncated-whisker-like quantum dots shows very good agreement. Besides, our simulation leads to identify the lowest energy photoluminescence peak as donor-related, instead of being associated to acceptor atoms, as claimed after experimental measurement (Hiruma et al. (1995) [14]). Also, a checking of our numerical approach is performed by comparing with analytical solutions to the problem of a spherical cone-shaped GaN with infinite confinement and donor impurity located at the cone apex. Coincidence is found to be remarkable.

Polaron formation at impurity-endowed lattices.

In semiconducting materials, lattice deformities can play the role of localizing the charge carriers. Polarons are understood as attractive interactions between charge and lattice deformations that result in a single structure composed by a charged particle surrounded by a cloud of phonons. These composite quasi-particles are vital structures when it comes to charge transport mechanism in a wide range of semiconducting materials. In the present work, we investigated the drift of an electron and the subsequent polaron formation in impurity-endowed lattices in the framework of a one-dimensional tight-binding model. Primarily, we scrutinized electronic dynamics in lattices containing two sources of disorders: a barrier and a well. The dispersion of the gamma distribution gives an idea of the extension of the disorder region in the lattice. We studied the dynamics of an injected electron interacting with the lattice vibrations where we consider, for a given degree of disorder, different velocities of the incoming particle. Our results show that there are different kinds of propagation/localization for the electron according to the assumed initial velocity. Importantly, we obtained the critical values for the impurity strength to promote the quenching of Bloch oscillations and the localization of polarons.

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS): An overview.

The frequently studied polysaccharide, chitosan oligosaccharide/chitooligosaccharide (COS) is the major degradation product of chitosan/chitin via chemical hydrolysis or enzymatic degradation involving deacetylation and depolymerization processes. Innumerable studies have revealed in the recent decade that COS has various promising biomedical implications in the past analysis, current developments and potential applications in a biomedical, pharmaceutical and agricultural sector. Innovations into COS derivatization has broadened its application in cosmeceutical and nutraceutical productions as well as in water treatment and environmental safety. In relation to its parent biomaterials and other available polysaccharides, COS has low molecular weight (Mw), higher degree of deacetylation (DD), higher degree of polymerization (DP), less viscous and complete water solubility, which endowed it with significant biological properties like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive, as well as drug/DNA delivery ability. In addition, it is also revealed to exhibit antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-HIV-1, anti-Alzheimer's disease, hypocholesterolemic, calcium absorption and hemostatic effects. Furthermore, COS is shown to have higher cellular transduction and completely absorbable via intestinal epithelium due to its cationic sphere exposed on the more exposed shorter N-glucosamine (N-Glc) units. This paper narrates the recent developments in COS biomedical applications while paying considerable attention to its physicochemical properties and its chemical composition. Its pharmacokinetic aspects are also briefly discussed while highlighting potential overdose or lethal dosing. In addition, due to its multiple NGlc unit composition and vulnerability to degradation, its safety is given significant attention. Finally, a suggestion is made for extensive study on COS anti-HIV effects with well-refined batches.

Synthesis and characterization of new related substances of the antiarrhythmic drug dronedarone hydrochloride.

Two new potential impurities of antiarrhythmic drug substance Dronedarone Hydrochloride together with debutyldronedarone were detected by LC-MS analysis during process development. A successful synthetic strategy for the synthesis of these potential impurities was developed facilitating the access to new impurity reference standards. Their synthesis and characterization are discussed in detail. The availability of these impurity standards allowed cost reduction through the increase of process control.

Rapid determination of the isomeric truxillines in illicit cocaine via capillary gas chromatography/flame ionization detection and their use and implication in the determination of cocaine origin and trafficking routes.

The isomeric truxillines are a group of minor alkaloids present in all illicit cocaine samples. The relative amount of truxillines in cocaine is indicative of the variety of coca used for cocaine processing, and thus, is useful in source determination. Previously, the determination of isomeric truxillines in cocaine was performed with a gas chromatography/electron capture detection method. However, due to the tedious sample preparation as well as the expense and maintenance required of electron capture detectors, the protocol was converted to a gas chromatography/flame-ionization detection method. Ten truxilline isomers (alpha-, beta-, delta-, epsilon-, gamma-, omega, zeta-, peri-, neo-, and epi-) were quantified relative to a structurally related internal standard, 4',4″-dimethyl-α-truxillic acid dimethyl ester. The method was shown to have a linear response from 0.001 to 1.00 mg/mL and a lower detection limit of 0.001 mg/mL. In this method, the truxillines are directly reduced with lithium aluminum hydride and then acylated with heptafluorobutyric anhydride prior to analysis. The analysis of more than 100 cocaine hydrochloride samples is presented and compared to data obtained by the previous methodology. Authentic cocaine samples obtained from the source countries of Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru were also analyzed, and comparative data on more than 23,000 samples analyzed over the past 10 years with the previous methodology is presented.

Quality assessment of compounded 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of compounded 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC). STUDY DESIGN: Compounded 17-OHPC that was obtained from 15 compounding pharmacies throughout the United States was analyzed for potency, impurities, sterility, and pyrogen status. RESULTS: Eighteen samples were supplied by 15 compounding pharmacies. The concentration of 17-OHPC in all samples was within the specification limits, and all tested samples passed sterility and pyrogen testing. Only 1 of 18 samples was out of specification limits for impurities. CONCLUSION: Compounded 17-OHPC that was obtained from 15 pharmacies throughout the United States did not raise safety concerns when assessed for potency, sterility, pyrogen status, or impurities.

A novel validated UPLC method for quantitation of lopinavir and ritonavir in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation with its impurities

A simple gradient Ultra Performance liquid chromatographic method (UPLC) was developed for determination of lopinavir and ritonavir from its related impurities and assay for the first time. This method involves the use of a C18 (Acquity UPLC BEH C18, 50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) column thermostated at 30 oC using triethylamine (pH 2.2): 0.1% H3PO4 in acetonitrile and methanol (85:15) as mobile phase in gradient elution mode. A Photo Diode Array (PDA) detector set at 215 nm was used for detection with flow rate 0.4 mL/min. This method was validated over the range of limit of quantitation (LOQ) to 50 to 150% of impurity specification limit and of working concentration for assay. The developed method was validated for linearity, range, precision, accuracy and specificity. This method was successfully applied for content determination of lopinavir and ritonavir in pharmaceutical formulations. This method can be conveniently used in quality control laboratory for routine analysis for assay and related substances as well as for evaluation of stability samples of bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations.

Desenvolveu-se, pela primeira vez, método de cromatografia líquida de ultra-eficiência (UPLC), com gradiente simples, para a determinação de lopinavir e ritonavir e suas impurezas relativas. Esse método envolve o uso de C18 (Acquity UPLC BEH C18, 50 × 2,1 mm, 1,7 µm), termostatizada a 30 oC, utilizando-se trietilamina (pH 2,2) e fase móvel de H3PO4 0,1% em acetonitrila e metanol (85:15), em eluição por gradiente. Detector de arranjo de fotodiiodo (PDA), fixado a 215 nm, foi utilizado para a detecção, com fluxo de 0,4 mL/min. Esse método foi validado em faixa de limite de quantificação (LOQ) de 50 a 150% de limite de impureza e da concentração de trabalho para o ensaio. O método desenvolvido foi validado quanto à linearidade, faixa, precisão, exatidão e especificidade. Esse método foi aplicado com sucesso para a determinação de lopinavir e de ritonavir em formulações farmacêuticas. Tal método pode ser convenientemente utilizado em laboratório de controle de qualidade, não só para análise de rotina e ensaio de substâncias relacionadas, como também para a avaliação da estabilidade de amostras a granel ou em formulações farmacêuticas.

Avaliação da qualidade da água purificada em farmácias magistrais da região de São José do Rio Preto, SP / Quality assessment of purified water used in pharmacies in São José do Rio Preto, SP

A água é a matéria-prima mais utilizada na produção de várias formas farmacêuticas, sendo um constituinte da própria formulação e exigindo para tal uma série de especificações físico-químicas e microbiológicas. Além disso, é um insumo de utilização imprescindível para testes laboratoriais e procedimentos de limpeza de equipamentos e utensílios. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o grau de contaminação química e microbiana em água purificada utilizada em farmácias magistrais da região de São José do Rio Preto, SP. As coletas foram realizadas segundo recomendações da USP Pharmacopeia, com os devidos cuidados de assepsia, e as amostras encaminhadas imediatamente ao laboratório de controle de qualidade. Foram analisados vários parâmetros físico-químicos, tais como aspecto, pH, condutividade, resíduo por evaporação, amônia, cálcio, cloreto, metais pesados, sulfato e substâncias oxidáveis, além de parâmetros microbiológicos, como contagem total de aeróbios e pesquisa de coliformes totais e termotolerantes e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Os resultados indicaram alguns parâmetros de não conformidade: em 10% das amostras analisadas para o pH e pesquisa de impurezas inorgânicas, em 17% para condutividade, em 14% para substâncias oxidáveis e em 20% para análise microbiológica, ressaltando a necessidade de maior rigor na produção e qualidade da água purificada produzida e/ou armazenada nesses estabelecimentos farmacêuticos.

Water is the raw material used most in the production of diverse pharmaceutical forms and, being a constituent of the formulation itself, is subject to a number of physico-chemical and microbiological specifications. In addition, it is indispensable for laboratory tests and the cleaning of equipment and apparatus. The aim of this study was to ascertain the degree of physicochemical and microbiological contamination of purified water used in compounding pharmacies in the city of São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. Samples were taken as recommended in the USP Pharmacopeia, with careful aseptic technique, and sent immediately the to quality control laboratory. Physicochemical properties were analyzed, including appearance, pH, conductivity, residue after evaporation, ammonia, calcium, chloride, heavy metals, sulfate and oxidizable substances, and microbiological tests were performed: total aerobic microbial count and detection of total and thermotolerant coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results showed that some parameters did not conform to the standards, especially pH, conductivity, inorganic impurities, oxidizable substances and microbiological test data, in 10%, 17%, 10%, 14% and 20% of the analyzed samples, respectively, This points to the need for greater care in the production and/or storage of purified water in these pharmaceutical establishments.

Folhas verdes, folhas secas, fibra do colmo e a clarificação do caldo de cana-de-açúcar

The presence of vegetal impurities in sugarcane delivered to sugarmills as green and dry leaves is a problem not only because they are non-value materials to be processed along with sugarcane stalks, but also because they can rise the color of the clarified juice and, consequently, the color of the sugar produced, with a reduction of its quality for the market. Another problem is the mud volume sedimented in the clarifiers, which also can result in a larger recirculation and greater volume of filtrate juice, with higher losses of sucrose and utilization of the vacuum rotary filters. The objective of this work was to observe the effect of the presence of green and dry leaves on sugarcane juice clarification, related to a control treatment with the addition of fiber extracted from the stalks. The experiments were planned based on the addition of quantities of fibrous sources in order to formulate samples with absolute increase of 0.25 , 0.50 and 0.75 percentual points over the fiber content of the sugarcane stalks (control treatment). The juice clarification was conducted with a laboratory clarifier. The clarified juice color and the mud volume were evaluated. The presence of green leaves caused higher color and mud volume due to the extraction of non-sucrose components of the leaves. Soluble compounds of dry leaves were also extracted, though not detected by juice analysis. The addition of the fiber extracted from the stalks did not induce alterations in the clarification process.

A presença de impurezas vegetais, como folhas verdes e secas, nos carregamentos de cana-de-açúcar entregues nas usinas de açúcar, tem preocupado os técnicos não somente por se tratar de um material sem qualquer valor tecnológico para processamento, como ainda por poder causar aumento na cor do caldo clarificado e conseqüentemente na cor do açúcar produzido, com redução de sua qualidade para o mercado; outro problema é o volume do lodo decantado nos clarificadores, cujo aumento causa maior recirculação e maior volume do caldo filtrado, com maiores perdas de sacarose e maior utilização dos filtros rotativos a vácuo. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a clarificação do caldo de cana-de-açúcar com a adição de folhas verdes e folhas secas, tendo como controle a adição de fibra do colmo. Os ensaios foram delineados tendo como base a adição de quantidades das fontes fibrosas - folha verde, folha seca e fibra do colmo - para formular amostras que correspondessem a acréscimos absolutos de 0,25 , 0,50 e 0,75 ponto percentual sobre o teor de fibra do colmo da cana. Os efeitos sobre a clarificação do caldo, conduzida em clarificador de bancada em laboratório, foram avaliados pela cor do caldo clarificado e o volume de lodo decantado. Na presença de folhas verdes ocorreu uma elevação da cor do caldo clarificado e do volume de lodo decantado. Da folha verde são extraídos água e compostos que são responsáveis por alterações na composição do caldo; devido à presença de componentes não-sacarose o extrato foliar interfere na clarificação do caldo. Da folha seca também foram extraídos compostos solúveis, todavia não detectados através das análises do caldo. A fibra do colmo não afetou a clarificação.

Folhas verdes, folhas secas, fibra do colmo e a clarificação do caldo de cana-de-açúcar

The presence of vegetal impurities in sugarcane delivered to sugarmills as green and dry leaves is a problem not only because they are non-value materials to be processed along with sugarcane stalks, but also because they can rise the color of the clarified juice and, consequently, the color of the sugar produced, with a reduction of its quality for the market. Another problem is the mud volume sedimented in the clarifiers, which also can result in a larger recirculation and greater volume of filtrate juice, with higher losses of sucrose and utilization of the vacuum rotary filters. The objective of this work was to observe the effect of the presence of green and dry leaves on sugarcane juice clarification, related to a control treatment with the addition of fiber extracted from the stalks. The experiments were planned based on the addition of quantities of fibrous sources in order to formulate samples with absolute increase of 0.25 , 0.50 and 0.75 percentual points over the fiber content of the sugarcane stalks (control treatment). The juice clarification was conducted with a laboratory clarifier. The clarified juice color and the mud volume were evaluated. The presence of green leaves caused higher color and mud volume due to the extraction of non-sucrose components of the leaves. Soluble compounds of dry leaves were also extracted, though not detected by juice analysis. The addition of the fiber extracted from the stalks did not induce alterations in the clarification process.

A presença de impurezas vegetais, como folhas verdes e secas, nos carregamentos de cana-de-açúcar entregues nas usinas de açúcar, tem preocupado os técnicos não somente por se tratar de um material sem qualquer valor tecnológico para processamento, como ainda por poder causar aumento na cor do caldo clarificado e conseqüentemente na cor do açúcar produzido, com redução de sua qualidade para o mercado; outro problema é o volume do lodo decantado nos clarificadores, cujo aumento causa maior recirculação e maior volume do caldo filtrado, com maiores perdas de sacarose e maior utilização dos filtros rotativos a vácuo. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a clarificação do caldo de cana-de-açúcar com a adição de folhas verdes e folhas secas, tendo como controle a adição de fibra do colmo. Os ensaios foram delineados tendo como base a adição de quantidades das fontes fibrosas - folha verde, folha seca e fibra do colmo - para formular amostras que correspondessem a acréscimos absolutos de 0,25 , 0,50 e 0,75 ponto percentual sobre o teor de fibra do colmo da cana. Os efeitos sobre a clarificação do caldo, conduzida em clarificador de bancada em laboratório, foram avaliados pela cor do caldo clarificado e o volume de lodo decantado. Na presença de folhas verdes ocorreu uma elevação da cor do caldo clarificado e do volume de lodo decantado. Da folha verde são extraídos água e compostos que são responsáveis por alterações na composição do caldo; devido à presença de componentes não-sacarose o extrato foliar interfere na clarificação do caldo. Da folha seca também foram extraídos compostos solúveis, todavia não detectados através das análises do caldo. A fibra do colmo não afetou a clarificação.

Impurezas fibrosas da cana-de-açúcar e parâmetros tecnológicos do caldo extraído

The objective was to observe the effect of the presence of green leaves and dry leaves on technological parameters of sugarcane juice, related to a control treatment with the addition of fiber extracted from the stalks. The experiment was based on the addition of known quantities of fibrous sources, in order to formulate samples with absolute increases of 0.25; 0.50 and 0.75 percentual points over the fiber content of the sugarcane control tretment. The green leaves caused a reduction of the Brix, pol and juice purity, and an increase on the juice content of reducing sugars and ash. These results, statiscally significant at the level of 1% of probability, were expressed by linear regression equations and correlation coeficients. The presence of dry leaves extracted from their stalks as fiber addition, did not induce alterations in the juice.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o efeito da presença de folhas verdes e folhas secas nos parâmetros tecnológicos do caldo da cana-de-açúcar, tendo como controle a adição de fibra do colmo. Os ensaios foram delineados tendo por base a adição de quantidades das fontes fibrosas - folha verde, folha seca e fibra do colmo - para formular amostras que correspondessem a acréscimos absolutos de 0,25 ; 0,50 e 0,75 pontos porcentuais sobre o teor de fibra da cana do tratamento controle. Os resultados mostraram que a presença de folhas verdes causaram redução no Brix, pol e pureza do caldo, e elevação do teor de açúcares redutores e cinzas do caldo. Estes resultados, estatísticamente significativos a nível de 1% de probabilidade, foram expressos por equações de regressão linear e coeficiente de correlação. A presença de folhas secas bem como a adição de fibra do próprio colmo, não induziram a alterações no caldo.

Impurezas fibrosas da cana-de-açúcar e parâmetros tecnológicos do caldo extraído

The objective was to observe the effect of the presence of green leaves and dry leaves on technological parameters of sugarcane juice, related to a control treatment with the addition of fiber extracted from the stalks. The experiment was based on the addition of known quantities of fibrous sources, in order to formulate samples with absolute increases of 0.25; 0.50 and 0.75 percentual points over the fiber content of the sugarcane control tretment. The green leaves caused a reduction of the Brix, pol and juice purity, and an increase on the juice content of reducing sugars and ash. These results, statiscally significant at the level of 1% of probability, were expressed by linear regression equations and correlation coeficients. The presence of dry leaves extracted from their stalks as fiber addition, did not induce alterations in the juice.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o efeito da presença de folhas verdes e folhas secas nos parâmetros tecnológicos do caldo da cana-de-açúcar, tendo como controle a adição de fibra do colmo. Os ensaios foram delineados tendo por base a adição de quantidades das fontes fibrosas - folha verde, folha seca e fibra do colmo - para formular amostras que correspondessem a acréscimos absolutos de 0,25 ; 0,50 e 0,75 pontos porcentuais sobre o teor de fibra da cana do tratamento controle. Os resultados mostraram que a presença de folhas verdes causaram redução no Brix, pol e pureza do caldo, e elevação do teor de açúcares redutores e cinzas do caldo. Estes resultados, estatísticamente significativos a nível de 1% de probabilidade, foram expressos por equações de regressão linear e coeficiente de correlação. A presença de folhas secas bem como a adição de fibra do próprio colmo, não induziram a alterações no caldo.