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1.
Mol Reprod Dev ; 87(6): 720-734, 2020 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32418283

ABSTRACT

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a key molecule in the initiation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Thus, knowledge about GnRH may contribute to the effectiveness of species reproduction. Using a Neotropical tetra Astyanax altiparanae as a fish model species, the GnRH forms were characterized at the molecular level and the role of injected GnRHs in vivo was evaluated. The full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences of preproGnRH2 (612 bp) and preproGnRH3 (407 bp) of A. altiparanae were obtained, and the GnRH1 form was not detected. The cDNA sequences of preproGnRH2 and preproGnRH3 were found to be conserved, but a change in the amino acid at position 8 of the GnRH3 decapeptide of A. altiparanae was observed. All the injected GnRHs stimulated lhß messenger RNA (mRNA) expression but not fshß mRNA expression, and only GnRH2 was able to increase maturation-inducing steroid (MIS) levels and possibly stimulate oocyte release. Furthermore, only GnRH2 was able to start the entire reproductive hormonal cascade and induce spawning.


Subject(s)
Characidae , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology , Reproduction/drug effects , Animals , Characidae/genetics , Characidae/metabolism , Characidae/physiology , Characiformes/genetics , Characiformes/metabolism , Cloning, Molecular , Female , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism , Protein Precursors/genetics , Protein Precursors/metabolism , Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/metabolism , Reproduction/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary
2.
Gen Comp Endocrinol ; 279: 120-128, 2019 08 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30769013

ABSTRACT

Lambari-do-rabo-amarelo Astyanax altiparanae in the wild reproduce during spring and summer, but females undergo vitellogenesis throughout the year, including the non-spawning winter period when water temperatures are low. The present study investigated the physiological role of temperature modulation on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads axis of lambari during winter, as well as the effects of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) therapy. Captive females were exposed to two different temperatures (20 °C and 27 °C) and were injected weekly with GnRHa for 21 days during winter (Control, CTR; Low dose; LD and high dose of GnRHa, HD). At the end of the 21-days period gonadosomatic index (GSI), oocyte stage of development and theoretical fecundity were evaluated, together with plasma levels of 17ß-estradiol (E2). Gene expression of the two pituitary gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone (fshß) and luteinizing hormone (lhß), as well as hepatic vitellogenin-A (vtgA) expression were also analyzed. At the end of the experimental period, females from the six different experimental conditions were induced to spawn using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Spawning performance parameters and plasma levels of the maturation inducing steroid (MIS) were analyzed. Gene expression of fshß did not change with temperature manipulation, but females exposed to 27 °C and supplemented with a HD of GnRHa exhibited an increased fshß gene expression, associated with higher E2 levels. The higher water temperature alone was able to increase E2 levels. At both water temperatures GnRHa injections induced a decrease in E2 levels. GnRHa injected females had a lower vtgA gene expression levels at 20 °C. Even with differences in the gene expression of gonadotropins among the various temperature/GnRHa treatments, GSI and oocyte diameter did not change, but GnRHa enhanced the number of vitellogenic oocytes at 20 °C. The reproductive performance of lambari induced to spawn with hCG was better after the combined treatment with GnRHa and summer temperature.


Subject(s)
Breeding , Characidae/physiology , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology , Reproduction/drug effects , Seasons , Temperature , Animals , Characidae/blood , Estradiol/blood , Female , Fertility/drug effects , Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit/genetics , Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit/metabolism , Gametogenesis/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Linear Models , Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit/genetics , Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit/metabolism , Male , Oocytes/drug effects , Oocytes/metabolism , Ovary/drug effects , Ovary/metabolism , Reproduction/physiology , Steroids/blood , Vitellogenins/genetics , Vitellogenins/metabolism
3.
R. bras. Reprod. Anim. ; 43(1): 31-36, jan.-mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-21740

ABSTRACT

The technical feasibility for the sustainable production of a species depends mainly on the control of reproduction in captivity and the availability of juveniles. Studies were performed with the mullet Mugil liza in the 1980s, however this species was never produced commercially. With the development of aquaculture, the increasing demand for animal protein and the commercial value of the mullet roe, it was necessary to rear this species in the laboratory to produce juveniles in pilot scale. The broodstock, 4 females and 10 males, were kept in an indoor 12 m³ tank. Hormonal inductions were performed with the hormones pituitary extract of carp (PEC) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LHRHa); spawnings occurred between 54-57 h after the hormonal induction. Embryonated eggs of mullets were pelagic and translucent, with an average diameter of 846.29 ± 14.34 µm. The larvae hatched approximately 48 h after spawning with 2.95 ± 0.12 mm. The survival in the larviculture was estimated at 18.75%. Therefore, this study presents the technical methods for the capture, transport, acclimatization, maturation, induced spawning and hatchery of the mullet M. liza in the laboratory.(AU)


A viabilidade técnica para a produção sustentável de uma espécie depende principalmente do controle da reprodução em cativeiro e da disponibilidade de juvenis. Estudos foram realizados com a tainha Mugil liza nos anos 80, entretanto, essa espécie não chegou a ser produzida comercialmente. Com o desenvolvimento da aquicultura, com a crescente demanda por proteína animal, além do valor comercial agregado nas gônadas dessa espécie, surgiu à necessidade de tentar produzi-la em laboratório, desta vez com o objetivo de produzir juvenis em escala-piloto. Os reprodutores, 4 fêmeas e 10 machos, foram mantidos em tanque de 12 m³. As induções hormonais foram realizadas com os hormônios extrato bruto de hipófise de carpa (EBHC) e um análogo do hormônio liberador do hormônio luteinizante (LHRHa); as desovas ocorreram 54-57 h depois da indução hormonal. Os ovos embrionados das tainhas são pelágicos e translúcidos, com um diâmetro médio de 846.29 ± 14.34 µm. As larvas eclodiram aproximadamente 48h após a desova com 2.95 ± 0.12 mm. A sobrevivência desde a estocagem dos ovos até a despesca dos juvenis foi estimada em 18,75%. Sendo assim, este estudo apresenta os métodos técnicos para a captura, transporte, aclimatação, maturação, desova induzida e larvicultura da tainha M. liza em laboratório.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Fishes/embryology , Fishes/physiology
4.
Rev. bras. reprod. anim ; 43(1): 31-36, jan.-mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1492545

ABSTRACT

The technical feasibility for the sustainable production of a species depends mainly on the control of reproduction in captivity and the availability of juveniles. Studies were performed with the mullet Mugil liza in the 1980s, however this species was never produced commercially. With the development of aquaculture, the increasing demand for animal protein and the commercial value of the mullet roe, it was necessary to rear this species in the laboratory to produce juveniles in pilot scale. The broodstock, 4 females and 10 males, were kept in an indoor 12 m³ tank. Hormonal inductions were performed with the hormones pituitary extract of carp (PEC) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LHRHa); spawnings occurred between 54-57 h after the hormonal induction. Embryonated eggs of mullets were pelagic and translucent, with an average diameter of 846.29 ± 14.34 µm. The larvae hatched approximately 48 h after spawning with 2.95 ± 0.12 mm. The survival in the larviculture was estimated at 18.75%. Therefore, this study presents the technical methods for the capture, transport, acclimatization, maturation, induced spawning and hatchery of the mullet M. liza in the laboratory.


A viabilidade técnica para a produção sustentável de uma espécie depende principalmente do controle da reprodução em cativeiro e da disponibilidade de juvenis. Estudos foram realizados com a tainha Mugil liza nos anos 80, entretanto, essa espécie não chegou a ser produzida comercialmente. Com o desenvolvimento da aquicultura, com a crescente demanda por proteína animal, além do valor comercial agregado nas gônadas dessa espécie, surgiu à necessidade de tentar produzi-la em laboratório, desta vez com o objetivo de produzir juvenis em escala-piloto. Os reprodutores, 4 fêmeas e 10 machos, foram mantidos em tanque de 12 m³. As induções hormonais foram realizadas com os hormônios extrato bruto de hipófise de carpa (EBHC) e um análogo do hormônio liberador do hormônio luteinizante (LHRHa); as desovas ocorreram 54-57 h depois da indução hormonal. Os ovos embrionados das tainhas são pelágicos e translúcidos, com um diâmetro médio de 846.29 ± 14.34 µm. As larvas eclodiram aproximadamente 48h após a desova com 2.95 ± 0.12 mm. A sobrevivência desde a estocagem dos ovos até a despesca dos juvenis foi estimada em 18,75%. Sendo assim, este estudo apresenta os métodos técnicos para a captura, transporte, aclimatação, maturação, desova induzida e larvicultura da tainha M. liza em laboratório.


Subject(s)
Animals , Fishes/embryology , Fishes/physiology
5.
B. Inst. Pesca ; 43(n.esp): 11-23, dez. 2017. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-18353

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to remove the adhesiveness of Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum eggs using solutions of urea for 10, 30, 60 and 90 min (treatments T0-T3) or, in urea for 10 min and washed in tannin (T4). In the control group, eggs were kept in water. After two experiments, we observed that eggs of control group presented the best embryo viability rates, even maintaining egg adhesiveness, being better than the other treatments. The T4, had the worst embryo viability rates. We observed that embryos of the T4 treatment presented reduced growth and formed a separate group when analyzing morphological parameters (egg diameter, total egg area, embryo area and yolk sac area) by multivariate analysis. Concluding, the control group, free of chemicals, provided the best results and is considered the best alternative for the immediate conservation and aquaculture production of P. fasciatum.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi neutralizar a adesividade de ovos de Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum a partir da utilização de soluções de ureia por 10, 30, 60 ou 90 min (tratamentos T0-T3) ou em ureia por 10 min e lavados em tanino (T4). No controle, os ovos foram mantidos apenas em água. Após dois experimentos realizados, no grupo controle foram observadas as melhores taxas de viabilidade embrionária, mesmo mantendo a adesividade dos ovos, sendo melhor que os demais tratamentos. No T4 foram verificadas as piores taxas de viabilidade embrionária. Foi observado que os embriões do tratamento T4 apresentaram crescimento reduzido e formaram um grupo separado após análise dos parâmetros morfológicos (diâmetro do ovo, área total do ovo, área do embrião e área do saco vitelínico) por análise multivariada. Concluiu-se que o grupo controle, livre de produtos químicos, proporcionou os melhores resultados, sendo considerado a melhor alternativa para a conservação imediata e produção aquícola de P. fasciatum.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Eggs , Tannins , Urea , Catfishes/embryology , Oviposition , Adhesiveness
6.
Bol. Inst. Pesca (Impr.) ; 43(n.esp): 11-23, dez. 2017. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1465299

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to remove the adhesiveness of Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum eggs using solutions of urea for 10, 30, 60 and 90 min (treatments T0-T3) or, in urea for 10 min and washed in tannin (T4). In the control group, eggs were kept in water. After two experiments, we observed that eggs of control group presented the best embryo viability rates, even maintaining egg adhesiveness, being better than the other treatments. The T4, had the worst embryo viability rates. We observed that embryos of the T4 treatment presented reduced growth and formed a separate group when analyzing morphological parameters (egg diameter, total egg area, embryo area and yolk sac area) by multivariate analysis. Concluding, the control group, free of chemicals, provided the best results and is considered the best alternative for the immediate conservation and aquaculture production of P. fasciatum.


O objetivo deste estudo foi neutralizar a adesividade de ovos de Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum a partir da utilização de soluções de ureia por 10, 30, 60 ou 90 min (tratamentos T0-T3) ou em ureia por 10 min e lavados em tanino (T4). No controle, os ovos foram mantidos apenas em água. Após dois experimentos realizados, no grupo controle foram observadas as melhores taxas de viabilidade embrionária, mesmo mantendo a adesividade dos ovos, sendo melhor que os demais tratamentos. No T4 foram verificadas as piores taxas de viabilidade embrionária. Foi observado que os embriões do tratamento T4 apresentaram crescimento reduzido e formaram um grupo separado após análise dos parâmetros morfológicos (diâmetro do ovo, área total do ovo, área do embrião e área do saco vitelínico) por análise multivariada. Concluiu-se que o grupo controle, livre de produtos químicos, proporcionou os melhores resultados, sendo considerado a melhor alternativa para a conservação imediata e produção aquícola de P. fasciatum.


Subject(s)
Animals , Oviposition , Eggs , Catfishes/embryology , Tannins , Urea , Adhesiveness
7.
B. Inst. Pesca ; 42(4): 901-913, out./dez. 2016. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-16072

ABSTRACT

In this study, we investigated the reproductive cycle and spawning season of old (OFs) and young (YFs) P. mesopotamicus females, aiming to improve the process of selection of suitable fish for induced spawning. We also evaluated the accuracy of using external body characteristics in selecting suitable females. To that, 60 OFs and 60 YFs (10 and four years old, respectively) were submitted to seven samplings during two reproductive cycles. In each sampling, females (five to 10 per treatment) were randomly chosen to evaluation of plasma concentrations of gonadal steroids and ovary composition (biopsies and stereology). Females were also submitted to an external evaluation concerning the length of abdominal thickness, the degree of the abdominal rigidity and the aspect of urogenital papilla. In spite of OFs have shown reduced concentrations of 17α- hydroxyprogesterone during the spawning season, we observed that OFs and YFs kept in captivity had similar reproductive cycles and spawning seasons (in December for both groups). We do not recommend the exclusive use of external evaluation for selecting breeders to spawning induction due to a great inaccuracy of data and lack of association with histology and ovarian biopsy, which are more accurate and reliable.(AU)


Neste estudo, investigamos o ciclo reprodutivo e a época de desova de fêmeas “velhas” (FVs) e fêmeas “jovens” (FJs) de P. mesopotamicus, visando melhorar o processo de seleção de peixes para a indução hormonal. Avaliamos também a acurácia do uso de características corporais externas para a seleção de fêmeas para indução hormonal. Para isso, 60 FVs e 60 FJs (10 e quatro anos, respectivamente) foram submetidas a sete amostragens durante dois ciclos reprodutivos. Em cada amostra, as fêmeas (cinco a 10 por tratamento) foram capturadas para avaliação das concentrações plasmáticas de esteroides gonadais e composição dos ovários (biópsias e estereologia). As fêmeas foram também submetidas à uma avaliação externa relativa à espessura abdominal, o grau de rigidez abdominal e o aspecto da papila urogenital. Exceto pela ocorrência de concentrações reduzidas de 17α-hidroxiprogesterona nas FVs, durante a época de desova, observamos que FVs e FJs, mantidas em cativeiro, apresentam ciclos reprodutivos e épocas de desova similares (em dezembro para ambos os grupos). Não recomendamos o uso exclusivo da avaliação externa para a seleção de reprodutores para indução a desova, devido a uma imprecisão dos dados e falta de associação destes com a histologia e biópsia de ovário, os quais são mais precisos e confiáveis.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Characidae/physiology , Ovulation Induction/veterinary , Reproduction , Biopsy/veterinary , Age Factors
8.
Bol. Inst. Pesca (Impr.) ; 42(4): 901-913, out./dez. 2016. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1465216

ABSTRACT

In this study, we investigated the reproductive cycle and spawning season of old (OFs) and young (YFs) P. mesopotamicus females, aiming to improve the process of selection of suitable fish for induced spawning. We also evaluated the accuracy of using external body characteristics in selecting suitable females. To that, 60 OFs and 60 YFs (10 and four years old, respectively) were submitted to seven samplings during two reproductive cycles. In each sampling, females (five to 10 per treatment) were randomly chosen to evaluation of plasma concentrations of gonadal steroids and ovary composition (biopsies and stereology). Females were also submitted to an external evaluation concerning the length of abdominal thickness, the degree of the abdominal rigidity and the aspect of urogenital papilla. In spite of OFs have shown reduced concentrations of 17α- hydroxyprogesterone during the spawning season, we observed that OFs and YFs kept in captivity had similar reproductive cycles and spawning seasons (in December for both groups). We do not recommend the exclusive use of external evaluation for selecting breeders to spawning induction due to a great inaccuracy of data and lack of association with histology and ovarian biopsy, which are more accurate and reliable.


Neste estudo, investigamos o ciclo reprodutivo e a época de desova de fêmeas “velhas” (FVs) e fêmeas “jovens” (FJs) de P. mesopotamicus, visando melhorar o processo de seleção de peixes para a indução hormonal. Avaliamos também a acurácia do uso de características corporais externas para a seleção de fêmeas para indução hormonal. Para isso, 60 FVs e 60 FJs (10 e quatro anos, respectivamente) foram submetidas a sete amostragens durante dois ciclos reprodutivos. Em cada amostra, as fêmeas (cinco a 10 por tratamento) foram capturadas para avaliação das concentrações plasmáticas de esteroides gonadais e composição dos ovários (biópsias e estereologia). As fêmeas foram também submetidas à uma avaliação externa relativa à espessura abdominal, o grau de rigidez abdominal e o aspecto da papila urogenital. Exceto pela ocorrência de concentrações reduzidas de 17α-hidroxiprogesterona nas FVs, durante a época de desova, observamos que FVs e FJs, mantidas em cativeiro, apresentam ciclos reprodutivos e épocas de desova similares (em dezembro para ambos os grupos). Não recomendamos o uso exclusivo da avaliação externa para a seleção de reprodutores para indução a desova, devido a uma imprecisão dos dados e falta de associação destes com a histologia e biópsia de ovário, os quais são mais precisos e confiáveis.


Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Characidae/physiology , Ovulation Induction/veterinary , Reproduction , Biopsy/veterinary , Age Factors
9.
Zygote ; 24(3): 428-41, 2016 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26199146

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to characterize the early development and allometric growth of the grumatã (Prochilodus vimboides). We describe a sample of 266 eggs and larvae obtained through induced spawning. The eggs were spherical (mean 3.7 mm diameter), exhibited a yellow yolk and were non-adhesive and pelagic after fertilization and hydration. The time elapsed between the early cleavage and post-flexion stages was considered short (328 hours, 8054 hour-degrees) in regard to the development times of other Neotropical rheophilic species, but time to hatching was considerably longer than in other Prochilodus species. The most notable anatomical changes were observed between the end of the yolk larval stage and the beginning of the pre-flexion stage, when the larvae displayed directed swimming and the digestive system became functional, enabling the transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding. After hatching, the larvae grew from 6.04 to 15.15 mm in total length average. Two growth phases were observed at this stage: a non-linear asymptotic curve in yolk-sac larvae, and a linear constant-rate growth phase after exogenous feeding started. Allometric growth related to standard length was positive for head length, negative for eye diameter, and switched between phases from negative to positive in body depth and head height. Morphological development and allometric growth in different larval phases impose drastic anatomical and physiological changes that are synchronic with habitat changes and the flood cycles during the reproductive period.


Subject(s)
Characiformes/embryology , Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology , Embryonic Development/physiology , Ovum/growth & development , Animals , Cell Size , Characiformes/growth & development , Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology , Female , Fertilization , Larva/cytology , Larva/growth & development , Male , Ovum/cytology , Time Factors , Yolk Sac/growth & development
10.
Zygote ; 24(3): 319-25, 2016 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26174499

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to establish a hormonal induction protocol for spermiation of Brycon cephalus males, using Ala6, Pro9Net-mGnRH + metoclopramide (Ovopel®). Thus, 20 males were used divided into three inductor treatments [⅓ pellet/kg (T1), ⅔ pellet/kg (T2) and 1⅓ pellet/kg (T3)] and one control group (CO), which only received physiological solution applications (0.9% NaCl). All treatments were applied in a single dose. For evaluation of the availability of the treatment, the following seminal parameters were analyzed: seminal volume, subjective spermatic motility, duration of motility, pH, osmolality and spermatic concentration. T3 showed the highest seminal volume (4.66 ± 1.52 ml), and was significantly different in comparison with T1 (2.0 ± 0.9 ml), T2 (3.5 ± 1.3 ml) and CO (2.3 ± 1.2 ml). In relation to spermatic motility, T2 and T3 showed significantly higher levels [5, (81-100%)]. However, T3 showed significantly lower average sperm motility duration than T1, T2 and CO (30 ± 7 s; 28 ± 6 s; 32 ± 8 s, respectively). With regard to the seminal parameters of spermatic concentration, pH and osmolality, no significant variation was verified among treatments. In conclusion, mGnRH + metoclopramide used for hormonal induction of B. cephalus reproduction does not induce changes related to spermatic concentration, pH and osmolality parameters of the seminal fluid and the most adequate doses among tested treatments were ⅔ pellet/kg live fish.


Subject(s)
Characiformes/physiology , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Semen/drug effects , Animals , Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/analogs & derivatives , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Male , Osmolar Concentration , Semen/cytology , Semen/metabolism , Sperm Count , Sperm Motility/drug effects , Time Factors
11.
B. Inst. Pesca ; 41(3): 677-685, Jul-Set. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-29016

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of fingerlings production of rheophilic species in a fish farm in northeast of Pará State. The operating cost structure and economic viability indicators were used to evaluate the fingerlings production of tambaqui, curimatã and piauçu in Fish Farm Station Orion Nina Ribeiro, located in Terra Alta city. The implementation cost of the project was estimated at R$ 211,029.00, effective operational cost in R$ 239,174.25 and total operating cost per thousand fingerlings in R$ 118.23. The annual gross revenue was R$ 318,600.00 and monthly operating income was R$ 5,623.27. Obtained was an internal return rate of 38%, net present value of R$ 509,921.71, cost benefit of R$ 1.33 and payback period of 2.6 years. It can be concluded that the production of fingerlings of rheophilic species in northeast of Pará State is an investment economically viable, with attractive profitability indicators.(AU)


O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a viabilidade econômica da produção de alevinos de espécies reofílicas em uma piscicultura no Nordeste Paraense. Utilizou-se a estrutura de custo operacional e indicadores de viabilidade econômica para avaliar a produção de alevinos de tambaqui, curimatã e piauçu na Estação de Piscicultura Orion Nina Ribeiro, no município de Terra Alta. O custo de implantação foi estimado em R$ 211.029,00, custo operacional efetivo, em R$ 239.174,25 e custo operacional total por milheiro de alevinos, em R$ 118,23. A receita bruta anual foi estimada em R$ 318.600,00 e o lucro operacional mensal, em R$ 5.623,27. Obtiveram-se taxa interna de retorno de 38%, valor presente líquido de R$ 509.921,71, relação benefício custo de R$ 1,33 e período de retorno do capital de 2,6 anos. Concluiu-se que a produção de alevinos das espécies reofílicas tambaqui, curimatã e piauçu no Nordeste Paraense é um investimento viável, apresentando indicadores de rentabilidade atrativos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Characidae , Characiformes , Economic Indexes , Reproduction , Fisheries
12.
Bol. Inst. Pesca (Impr.) ; 41(3): 677-685, Jul-Set. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1465089

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of fingerlings production of rheophilic species in a fish farm in northeast of Pará State. The operating cost structure and economic viability indicators were used to evaluate the fingerlings production of tambaqui, curimatã and piauçu in Fish Farm Station Orion Nina Ribeiro, located in Terra Alta city. The implementation cost of the project was estimated at R$ 211,029.00, effective operational cost in R$ 239,174.25 and total operating cost per thousand fingerlings in R$ 118.23. The annual gross revenue was R$ 318,600.00 and monthly operating income was R$ 5,623.27. Obtained was an internal return rate of 38%, net present value of R$ 509,921.71, cost benefit of R$ 1.33 and payback period of 2.6 years. It can be concluded that the production of fingerlings of rheophilic species in northeast of Pará State is an investment economically viable, with attractive profitability indicators.


O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a viabilidade econômica da produção de alevinos de espécies reofílicas em uma piscicultura no Nordeste Paraense. Utilizou-se a estrutura de custo operacional e indicadores de viabilidade econômica para avaliar a produção de alevinos de tambaqui, curimatã e piauçu na Estação de Piscicultura Orion Nina Ribeiro, no município de Terra Alta. O custo de implantação foi estimado em R$ 211.029,00, custo operacional efetivo, em R$ 239.174,25 e custo operacional total por milheiro de alevinos, em R$ 118,23. A receita bruta anual foi estimada em R$ 318.600,00 e o lucro operacional mensal, em R$ 5.623,27. Obtiveram-se taxa interna de retorno de 38%, valor presente líquido de R$ 509.921,71, relação benefício custo de R$ 1,33 e período de retorno do capital de 2,6 anos. Concluiu-se que a produção de alevinos das espécies reofílicas tambaqui, curimatã e piauçu no Nordeste Paraense é um investimento viável, apresentando indicadores de rentabilidade atrativos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Characiformes , Characidae , Economic Indexes , Reproduction , Fisheries
13.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 9(3): 601-616, 2011. ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-2982

ABSTRACT

The fish embryonic development comprises the events between the egg fertilization up to larvae hatching, being useful for the identification of viable eggs in productivity and survival studies as well as in raising experiments of several species. The goal of the present study was to characterize the embryonic development of Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes; Pimelodidae). The embryogenesis was typical of teleosteans, but with differences in relation to other species such as duration of development, type of blastocoel, moment of somite segmentation among others. Six stages of embryonic development were defined: zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, organogenesis (divided in phases: early segmentation and late segmentation) and hatching with a period of incubation equal to 13 hours at 29 ºC and 17 hours at 25 ºC. The extruded oocytes presented a mean diameter of 812 µm before and 1066 µm after hydration. When fertilized, they presented a yellowish coloration and a gelatinous layer surrounding the chorion. The cleavage pattern is described as: 2; 4; 8 (4x2); 16 (4x4); 32 (4x8) and 64 (2x4x8) blastomeres up to morula phase (+64 cells). It was also possible to observe at this phase, the beginning of the formation of the yolk syncyctial layer (YSL). Afterwards, the blastula and gastrula stages followed. The end of gastrula was characterized by the formation of the yolk plug. Subsequently, the differentiation between cephalic and caudal regions began, along with the embryo elongation, structuring of optic, Kupffer's and otic vesicles besides a previously unidentified structure in the yolk syncyctial layer. The end of this stage is typified by the tail detachment. The late segmentation phase was distinguished by a free tail, presence of more than 30 somites, optic and otic vesicles, development of posterior intestine, pigmentation of cephalic and caudal regions of yolk sac and embryo growth. The recently-hatched larvae presented a primordial digestive tract, quite evident and pigmented eyes, closed mouth, encephalic vesicles and a mean length of 3410 µm.(AU)


O desenvolvimento embrionário de peixes compreende eventos que ocorrem desde o ovo fertilizado à eclosão das larvas, podendo auxiliar na identificação dos ovos viáveis em estudos de produtividade e sobrevivência, como também nas pesquisas de cultivo desses animais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar o desenvolvimento embrionário do Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes; Pimelodidae). A embriogênese foi característica de teleósteos, apresentando variações que difere de outras espécies como, tempo de desenvolvimento, tipo da blastocele, momento de segmentação dos somitos, entre outros. Seis estágios de desenvolvimento embrionário foram definidos: zigoto, clivagem, blástula, gástrula, organogênese (dividido em fases: segmentação inicial e segmentação final) e eclosão com período de incubação de 13 horas à 29ºC e de 17 horas à 25ºC. Os ovócitos extrusados apresentaram diâmetro médio de 812 µm antes da hidratação e após 1066 µm. Após a fertilização, apresentaram coloração amarelada e uma camada gelatinosa envolvendo o córion. O padrão de clivagens foi descrito como segue: 2; 4; 8 (4x2); 16 (4x4); 32 (4x8) e 64 (2x4x8) blastômeros até a fase de mórula (+64 células). Também foi possível observar nesta fase, o início da formação da camada sincicial do vitelo (CSV). Em seguida foram observados os estágios de blástula e gástrula. O final da gástrula caracterizou-se pela formação do tampão vitelino. A seguir, iniciou-se a diferenciação das regiões cefálica e caudal, o alongamento do embrião, estruturação das vesículas ópticas, de Kufper, óticas e de uma estrutura não identificada na literatura localizada na camada sincicial do vitelo. O final deste estágio é demarcado pelo desprendimento da cauda. A fase de segmentação final caracterizou-se pela cauda livre, presença de mais de 30 somitos, vesícula óptica e ótica, desenvolvimento do intestino posterior, pigmentação nas regiões cefálica e caudal do saco vitelino e crescimento do embrião. As larvas recém-eclodidas apresentaram esboço do trato digestório, olhos bem evidentes e pigmentados, boca fechada, presença das vesículas encefálicas e com comprimento médio de 3410 µm.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Fishes/embryology , Fishes/growth & development , Embryonic Development , Organogenesis
14.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 9(3): 601-616, 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-600875

ABSTRACT

The fish embryonic development comprises the events between the egg fertilization up to larvae hatching, being useful for the identification of viable eggs in productivity and survival studies as well as in raising experiments of several species. The goal of the present study was to characterize the embryonic development of Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes; Pimelodidae). The embryogenesis was typical of teleosteans, but with differences in relation to other species such as duration of development, type of blastocoel, moment of somite segmentation among others. Six stages of embryonic development were defined: zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, organogenesis (divided in phases: early segmentation and late segmentation) and hatching with a period of incubation equal to 13 hours at 29 ºC and 17 hours at 25 ºC. The extruded oocytes presented a mean diameter of 812 µm before and 1066 µm after hydration. When fertilized, they presented a yellowish coloration and a gelatinous layer surrounding the chorion. The cleavage pattern is described as: 2; 4; 8 (4x2); 16 (4x4); 32 (4x8) and 64 (2x4x8) blastomeres up to morula phase (+64 cells). It was also possible to observe at this phase, the beginning of the formation of the yolk syncyctial layer (YSL). Afterwards, the blastula and gastrula stages followed. The end of gastrula was characterized by the formation of the yolk plug. Subsequently, the differentiation between cephalic and caudal regions began, along with the embryo elongation, structuring of optic, Kupffer's and otic vesicles besides a previously unidentified structure in the yolk syncyctial layer. The end of this stage is typified by the tail detachment. The late segmentation phase was distinguished by a free tail, presence of more than 30 somites, optic and otic vesicles, development of posterior intestine, pigmentation of cephalic and caudal regions of yolk sac and embryo growth. The recently-hatched larvae presented a primordial digestive tract, quite evident and pigmented eyes, closed mouth, encephalic vesicles and a mean length of 3410 µm.


O desenvolvimento embrionário de peixes compreende eventos que ocorrem desde o ovo fertilizado à eclosão das larvas, podendo auxiliar na identificação dos ovos viáveis em estudos de produtividade e sobrevivência, como também nas pesquisas de cultivo desses animais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar o desenvolvimento embrionário do Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes; Pimelodidae). A embriogênese foi característica de teleósteos, apresentando variações que difere de outras espécies como, tempo de desenvolvimento, tipo da blastocele, momento de segmentação dos somitos, entre outros. Seis estágios de desenvolvimento embrionário foram definidos: zigoto, clivagem, blástula, gástrula, organogênese (dividido em fases: segmentação inicial e segmentação final) e eclosão com período de incubação de 13 horas à 29ºC e de 17 horas à 25ºC. Os ovócitos extrusados apresentaram diâmetro médio de 812 µm antes da hidratação e após 1066 µm. Após a fertilização, apresentaram coloração amarelada e uma camada gelatinosa envolvendo o córion. O padrão de clivagens foi descrito como segue: 2; 4; 8 (4x2); 16 (4x4); 32 (4x8) e 64 (2x4x8) blastômeros até a fase de mórula (+64 células). Também foi possível observar nesta fase, o início da formação da camada sincicial do vitelo (CSV). Em seguida foram observados os estágios de blástula e gástrula. O final da gástrula caracterizou-se pela formação do tampão vitelino. A seguir, iniciou-se a diferenciação das regiões cefálica e caudal, o alongamento do embrião, estruturação das vesículas ópticas, de Kufper, óticas e de uma estrutura não identificada na literatura localizada na camada sincicial do vitelo. O final deste estágio é demarcado pelo desprendimento da cauda. A fase de segmentação final caracterizou-se pela cauda livre, presença de mais de 30 somitos, vesícula óptica e ótica, desenvolvimento do intestino posterior, pigmentação nas regiões cefálica e caudal do saco vitelino e crescimento do embrião. As larvas recém-eclodidas apresentaram esboço do trato digestório, olhos bem evidentes e pigmentados, boca fechada, presença das vesículas encefálicas e com comprimento médio de 3410 µm.


Subject(s)
Animals , Embryonic Development , Fishes/growth & development , Fishes/embryology , Organogenesis
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