Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 3 de 3
Filter
Add more filters











Main subject
Publication year range
1.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 7(4): 325-330, abr.jun.2024. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1552680

ABSTRACT

Neste artigo de opinião, apresento uma breve história do desenvolvimento de vacinas, comentando sobre as formas clássicas de produção de vacinas utilizando o próprio agente infeccioso. Em seguida, abordo as vacinas virais, discutindo seus benefícios e dificuldades e a questão dos sorotipos virais, bem como as vacinas bacterianas e seu relativo sucesso. Apresento nossos estudos sobre doença cardíaca reumática e o desenvolvimento de uma vacina contra infecções estreptocócicas. Também discuto plataformas vacinais, especialmente os sucessos alcançados com vacinas de vetores virais não replicantes e, acima de tudo, o grande êxito das vacinas de RNA mensageiro (mRNA). As vacinas de mRNA tornaram-se possíveis somente após os avanços obtidos com a substituição de nucleotídeos que reduziam a ação da imunidade inata. Serão todas as vacinas desenvolvidas a partir de mRNA no futuro? Em seguida, abordo a questão das vias de administração de vacinas, seja por via subcutânea, intradérmica, intramuscular ou nasal. Exponho dados do meu laboratório sobre o desenvolvimento de uma vacina de instilação nasal que induziu uma resposta de proteção da mucosa, prevenindo a infecção e, consequentemente, a transmissão do SARS-CoV-2. Posteriormente, discuto quais vacinas futuras poderiam ser desenvolvidas para além das doenças infecciosas agudas. Por fim, discuto as vantagens do desenvolvimento de vacinas seguras, eficazes e de uso múltiplo, bem como a forma de torná-las acessíveis à população mundial, promovendo a equidade em saúde.


In this opinion article, I provide a brief history of vaccine development, commenting on the classic ways of producing vaccines using the infectious agent itself. I address viral vaccines, discussing their benefits and challenges and the issue of viral serotypes, as well as bacterial vaccines and their relative success. I present our studies on rheumatic heart disease and the development of a vaccine against streptococcal infection. I also discuss vaccine platforms, highlighting the success achieved with non-replicating viral vector-based vaccines and, especially, with messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. mRNA vaccines only became possible after the advances provided by the replacement of nucleotides that reduced the action of the innate immune system. Will all vaccines be made from mRNA in the future? Then, I address the issue of vaccine administration routes, whether subcutaneously, intradermally, intramuscularly, or intranasal. I present data from my laboratory on the development of an intranasal vaccine that induced a protective mucosal response, preventing infection and, consequently, the transmission of SARSCoV- 2. I discuss which future vaccines could be developed beyond acute infectious diseases. Finally, I discuss the advantages of developing safe, effective, multiple-use vaccines and how to make them accessible worldwide by promoting health equity.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 21st Century
2.
Rev. Assoc. Méd. Rio Gd. do Sul ; 65(4): 01022105, OUT-DEZ 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1391940

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Considerado um material nobre em laboratório clínico, o líquor (LCR) se assemelha a um ultrafiltrado de plasma e tem como principais funções o fornecimento de nutrientes essenciais ao cérebro e proteção mecânica. Os setores rotineiramente envolvidos na análise laboratorial do LCR são a bioquímica, a microbiologia e a citologia. Objetivo: Avaliar os principais agentes etiológicos associados à ocorrência de meningites e identificar as alterações laboratoriais mais prevalentes nas amostras liquóricas analisadas em laboratório de um hospital da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Métodos: Estudo transversal retrospectivo (01/2013 a 12/2017) em banco de dados. Resultados: Foi observada maior ocorrência de meningites bacterianas (35,53%), seguida por infecções virais (26,31%), fúngicas (25%) e parasitárias (13,16%). Os principais agentes infecciosos identificados foram Cryptococcus sp (n=18), Herpes Simples Vírus I e II (n=12), Toxoplasma gondii (n=10) e Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=9), e as principais alterações laboratoriais estiveram associadas à hiperproteinorraquia e à elevação no número de leucócitos. Nas meningites bacterianas, observaram-se hipoglicorraquia, hiperproteinorraquia e importante elevação de lactato desidrogenase (LDH); as fúngicas apresentaram discreta diminuição na glicorraquia e LDH moderadamente elevado, enquanto os agentes virais e parasitários apresentaram maior alteração na dosagem de proteínas (hiperproteinorraquia). Conclusão: Com perfil predominantemente masculino e adulto, a identificação de casos infecciosos na análise laboratorial liquórica representou 8,32% do total das análises, sendo as meningites bacterianas as mais prevalentes, podendo ser laboratorialmente reconhecidas por alterações bioquímicas e celulares. Os achados possibilitam o conhecimento epidemiológico e laboratorial, podendo embasar estudos posteriores.


Introduction: Considered a noble material in the clinical laboratory, CSF is similar to a plasma ultrafiltrate and its main functions are the supply of essential nutrients to the brain and mechanical protection. The sectors routinely involved in the laboratory analysis of CSF are biochemistry, microbiology and cytology. Objective: To evaluate the main etiological agents associated with the occurrence of meningitis and to identify the most prevalent alterations in CSF samples analyzed in the laboratory of a hospital in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study (01/2013 to 12/2017) in a database. Results: A higher occurrence of bacterial meningitis (35.53%) was observed, followed by viral (26.31%), fungal (25%) and parasitic (13.16%) infections. The main infectious agents identified were Cryptococcus sp (n=18), Herpes Simplex Virus I and II (n=12), Toxoplasma gondii (n=10) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=9) and the main laboratory alterations were associated with hyperproteinorrhachia and elevation in the number of leukocytes. In bacterial meningitis, hypoglycorrhachia, hyperproteinorrhachia and a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) relawere observed; fungal meningitis showed a slight decrease in glycorrhachia and moderately high LDH, while viral and parasitic agents showed greater change in protein level (hyperproteinorrhachia). Conclusion: With a predominantly male and adult profile, the identification of infectious cases in the CSF laboratory analysis represented 8.32% of the total analyses, with bacterial meningitis being the most prevalent, which can be recognized by biochemical and cellular alterations through laboratory testing. The findings allow for epidemiological and laboratory knowledge, which may support further studies.

3.
J Infect Public Health ; 13(7): 1051-1053, 2020 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32284196

ABSTRACT

Acute encephalitis is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children. We retrospectively identified children (≤15 years of age) admitted with suspected encephalitis at the Intensive Care Unit of the Pediatric Department of Cayenne Hospital between January 2007 and December 2018. A total of 30 children with acute encephalitis were identified. The incidence rate varied from 0 to 10.40 cases/100000 children under 15 years. Proven encephalitis was diagnosed in 73% of patients. Nine cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis were diagnosed. The causes of infection (44%) were Haemophilus influenzae, followed by Cryptococcus spp and Varicella Zoster Virus. Four children (13%) died: one case of Streptococcus pneumoniae, one of Haemophilus influenzae, one of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and one with no identified cause. Seventeen percent of children had moderate to severe neurological sequelae. The only factor associated with poor outcome was young age at the time of hospitalization (p = 0.03). Conclusion: This study highlights both vaccine-preventable pathogens and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis as the leading causes of childhood encephalitis in French Guiana.


Subject(s)
Encephalitis/epidemiology , Encephalitis/etiology , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Cryptococcus/pathogenicity , Encephalitis/diagnosis , Encephalitis/microbiology , Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated/complications , Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated/diagnosis , Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated/epidemiology , French Guiana/epidemiology , Haemophilus influenzae/pathogenicity , Herpesvirus 3, Human/pathogenicity , Hospitalization , Humans , Infant , Intensive Care Units , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Streptococcus pneumoniae/pathogenicity
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL