Dataset of measurable indicators of the Slovak state institutions' websites.

The dataset contains 11 measurable indicators for the website evaluation from different points of view. These indicators were collected for 60 websites of the Slovak state institutions. It provides information about the directly measurable variables, which may affect or reflect the usability, popularity and visibility of the website. Most variables were measured by online tools. The dataset is a mixture of binary, ordinal, discrete numeric and continuous numeric variables, which gives many opportunities to analyze the relations between the measurable websites' indicators. It can be used to find the structure consisting of latent variables, which cannot be directly measured (such as usability or popularity of the website). Another use is to find subgroups of state institutions, which have similar websites from some point of view.

A simultaneous impact of digital economy, environment technology, business activity on environment and economic growth in G7: Moderating role of institutions.

This study investigates the simultaneous influence of the digital economy, environmental technologies, business activity, and institutional quality on both the environment and economic growth in G7 economies from 1996 to 2020. The study provides an in-depth analysis to investigate the influence of institutional quality, particularly the regulatory environment, on business activity. Employing a rigorous methodology encompassing correlation analysis, long-term examination using Driscoll and regression estimators, and the utilization of various digital economy indicators such as internet usage and cell subscriptions, we uncover significant insights. The findings underscore the substantial impact of digital economies in mitigating carbon emissions and driving economic growth at an accelerated rate. Moreover, the study reveals that certain regulatory constraints on corporate operations can paradoxically facilitate carbon emission management while also fostering economic expansion. The study validates the presence of an inverted U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in G7 economies. This suggests that there is a specific point at which economic activities start to contribute more to carbon emissions. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of achieving a balance between economic growth driven by foreign direct investment and the goals of environmental sustainability. Environmental technology is becoming increasingly important in the regulation of emissions. Significantly, the study highlights the need to enhance the quality of implementing institutional regulations. It suggests that G7 economies can improve both environmental quality and economic growth by adopting superior regulatory methods. These findings are relevant for governments seeking economic growth and environmental protection. They suggest the need for specific policy actions to accomplish sustainable development goals.

Challenging the status quo: gender norms in Croatian juvenile correctional settings.

Gender norms and issues related to gender are highly relevant when it comes to treatment of juveniles in correctional institutions, especially related to their risky behavior and personal characteristics (such as personality traits, intellectual capability, culture, ethnicity etc.). Furthermore, many juveniles in correctional institutions are exposed to violence and are also perpetrators of violent criminal acts. This paper will give an overview of national policies related to gender-sensitive treatment in Croatia as a background to research aimed to describe the reflection of gender issues and gender norms in practical work with juveniles in Croatian correctional institutions. The research is based on qualitative approach and includes focus groups with youth workers from various organizations who implemented programs for youth in correctional institutions. Preliminary results show that gender and gender norms are not specifically targeted in treatment programs within the institutions. The initiative to implement gender issues mainly comes from organizations from the civil sector through different workshops. Juveniles express relatively rigid gender norms that are supported by rigid organization of correctional institutions especially for males. This research shows the importance of clearer focus to gender-sensitive programing and gender sensitive treatment programs that will strongly be integrated in everyday practice of correctional institutions. The precondition for this is largely connected to deconstructing stereotypes about gender and gender norms both for youth and professionals working with them.

Lifetime HIV testing among three samples of adults with histories of incarceration in Southern California.

ABSTRACTJustice-impacted persons may inconsistently access HIV testing. This cross-sectional secondary analysis investigates lifetime HIV testing prevalence among adults with prior histories of incarceration in Southern California, United States, participating in health-focused programming (n = 3 studies). Self-reported demographic and lifetime HIV testing data were collected between 2017-2023; descriptive analyses were conducted. Across the three samples, at least 74% of participants were male; Latino and African American individuals accounted for nearly two-thirds of participants. Lifetime HIV testing ranged from 72.8% to 84.2%. Males were significantly more likely than females to report never being tested in two samples and accounted for >95% of those never tested. No statistically significant differences in testing were observed by race/ethnicity. Single young adults (ages 18-26) were less likely than their partnered peers to report testing. HIV testing is critical for ensuring that individuals access prevention and treatment. HIV testing among justice-impacted adults in this study was higher than in the general population, potentially due to opt-out testing in correctional settings. Nevertheless, these findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted interventions to reduce structural (e.g., health insurance, access to self-testing kits) and social barriers (e.g., HIV stigma) to increase HIV testing among justice-impacted males and single young adults.

Informal institutions and corporate innovation: A Perspective from Red Culture.

Since the 20th century, Red Culture has served as a significant informal institution guiding revolutionary trajectory and developmental course. However, integrating Red Culture into contemporary corporate management and leveraging its constructive influence within today's market-driven economy necessitates comprehensive exploration and thoughtful consideration. This study aims to explore the potential influence of Red Culture on contemporary innovation. Empirical findings reveal substantial and affirmative effects of Red Culture on corporate innovation. Specifically, a heightened Red Culture ambiance correlates with a marked increase in both innovation input and output within corporate. Further investigation underscores Red Culture's pivotal governance role in mitigating strategic manipulation of innovation and research and development practices, especially within the overarching framework of innovation-driven strategies. Moreover, Red Culture synergizes with formal innovation incentive mechanisms, jointly fostering corporate innovation. This study provides micro-level empirical evidence that elucidates the impact of Red Culture on corporate innovation. Additionally, it furnishes valuable policy insights for the practical implementation and enhancement of pertinent Red Culture initiative.

Decolonization and antiracism: intersecting pathways to global health equity.

In this paper, as Black scholars, we address ways that interventions designed to promote equity in health can create pathways for coupling decolonization with antiracism by drawing on the intersection of the health of Africans and African Americans. To frame this intersection, we offer the Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP) and the PEN-3 Cultural Model as antiracism and decolonization tools that can jointly advance research on colonization and racism globally. We argue that racism is a global reality; PHCRP, an antiracism framework, and PEN-3, a decolonizing framework, can guide interventions to promote equity for Africans and African Americans.

A comparison of food insecurity prevalence among students attending minority-serving versus predominantly white institutions in pre, earlier, and later phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: College students have a high prevalence of food insecurity, and descriptive reports suggest even higher rates at minority-serving institutions compared to predominantly white institutions. These institutional inequities in food insecurity among college students based on minority designation may have shifted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the prevalence of food insecurity among students at minority-serving and predominantly white institutions during three phases: pre-pandemic (Fall 2019-Spring 2020 [February 2020]), earlier pandemic (Fall 2020-Spring 2021), and later pandemic (Fall 2021-Spring 2022). METHODS: Our study included repeated cross-sectional samples from the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment-III (N = 287,221 students, 354 institutions). We ran multivariable Poisson regression with cluster-robust standard errors to estimate associations between institutional minority designation and food insecurity, with one model for each pandemic phase. RESULTS: Students attending minority-serving versus predominantly white institutions had a higher prevalence of food insecurity overall (42% versus 37%) and within each pandemic phase. After adjusting for sociodemographic and institutional characteristics, students at minority-serving institutions had 23% higher food insecurity prevalence during the pre-pandemic phase, compared to students at predominantly white institutions (95% CI: 1.14, 1.32). Associations were null for earlier and later pandemic phases. CONCLUSIONS: Lower institutional inequities in food insecurity after the onset of the pandemic may reflect more students returning home as well as an increase in social safety net programs. Regardless of cause, the high prevalence of food insecurity among students, especially at minority serving institutions, underscores the importance of addressing food insecurity at post-secondary campuses.

Study on the evaluation and influencing factors of contracted residents on the coordination of primary medical institutions.

Background: The implementation of family doctor contract service is a pivotal measure to enhance primary medical services and execute the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system. Achieving service coordination among various institutions is both a fundamental objective and a central element of contract services. Objective: The study aims to assess residents' evaluations and determining factors related to the coordination of health services within primary medical institutions across different regions of Shandong Province. The findings intend to serve as a reference for enhancing the coordination services offered by these institutions. Methods: The study employed a multi-stage stratified random sampling method to select three prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province with different economic levels. Within each city, three counties (districts) were randomly sampled using the same method. Within each county (district), three community health service centers and township health centers implementing family doctor contract services were selected randomly. Face-to-face questionnaire surveys were conducted with contracted residents using the coordination dimension of the revised Primary Care Assessment Tools Scale (PCAT) developed by the research team. Data analysis was conducted using such methods as one-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression. Results: The sample included 3,859 contracted residents. The coordination dimension score of primary medical institutions averaged 3.41 ± 0.18, with the referral service sub-dimension scoring 3.60 ± 0.58 and the information system sub-dimension scoring 3.34 ± 0.65. The overall score of the referral service sub-dimension surpassed that of the information system sub-dimension. Regression results indicated that the city's economic status, the type of contracted institutions, gender, education, marital status, income, occupation, health status, and endowment insurance payment status significantly influenced the coordinated service score of primary medical institutions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The coordination of primary medical institutions in Shandong Province warrants further optimization. Continued efforts should focus on refining the referral system, expediting information infrastructure development, enhancing the service standards of primary medical institutions, and fostering resident trust. These measures aim to advance the implementation of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment and two-way referral system.

Assessing stress causing factors and language related challenges among first year students in higher institutions in Pakistan.

This mixed-methods study delves into stress factors among first-year undergraduate students in universities across Punjab, Pakistan. Five hundred students underwent evaluation for stress levels and academic achievement, with 10 selected for further analysis. The Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983) and demographic sheets were utilized for data collection. Analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between perceived stress and academic achievement. While women exhibited higher stress levels but better academic performance, students from public sector universities reported greater stress and lower academic success. In-depth interviews identified key stressors including heavy academic workload, financial constraints, limited support systems, competitive academic environments, and language-related challenges, notably weak English-speaking skills. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced support services, increased financial aid accessibility, a balanced academic culture, and the implementation of language support programs in Southern Punjab's higher education institutions. Addressing these stressors is crucial for fostering the well-being and academic success of first-year students, emphasizing the importance of creating a supportive learning environment during this transitional phase. The study offers insights into the multifaceted nature of stress experienced by first-year students and highlights the imperative of addressing these stressors to promote a nurturing learning environment conducive to academic success. Future research should explore the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing stress among first-year students and investigate additional factors that may contribute to stress in this population.

Markers of predicting discharge from forensic psychiatric hospitals in Czechia.

BACKGROUND: Secure forensic hospital treatments are resource-intensive, aiming to rehabilitate offenders and enhance public safety. While these treatments consume significant portions of mental health budgets and show efficacy in some countries, their effectiveness in Czechia remains underexplored. Previous research has highlighted various factors influencing the likelihood of discharge from these institutions. Notably, the role of sociodemographic variables and the length of stay (LoS) in the context of forensic treatments has presented inconsistent findings across studies. METHODS: The study, part of the 'Deinstitutionalization project' in Czechia, collected data from all inpatient forensic care hospitals. A total of 793 patients (711 male, 79 female and 3 unknown) were included. Data collection spanned 6 months, with tools like HoNOS, HoNOS-Secure, MOAS, HCR-20V3 and AQoL-8D employed to assess various aspects of patient health, behaviour, risk and quality of life. RESULTS: The study revealed several determinants influencing patient discharge from forensic hospitals. Key assessment tools, such as HoNOS secure scores and the HCR-20 clinical subscale, showed that higher scores equated to lower chances of release. Furthermore, specific diagnoses like substance use disorder increased discharge odds, while a mental retardation diagnosis significantly reduced it. The type of index offense showed no influence on discharge decisions. CONCLUSION: Factors like reduced risk behaviours, absence of mental retardation diagnosis, social support and secure post-release housing plans played significant roles. The results underscored the importance of using standardized assessment tools over clinical judgement. A standout insight was the unique challenges faced by patients diagnosed with mental retardation, emphasizing a need for specialized care units or tailored programmes.

Research Ethics in Training Curricula of Cameroon Health Training Institutions: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction The quality of protection for research participants in Africa is still marked by the lack of trained actors in this area. The study was conducted to assess the availability of health research ethics in the curricula of health-related sciences training institutions in Cameroon. Methods The study involved a cross-sectional analysis to describe the training curricula on research ethics in health training institutions in Cameroon. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that was administered face to face to the heads of institutions in late 2020. Results Twenty-one health training institutions were identified, and 18 (85.71%) participated. Health research ethics courses were present in the curricula of 16 (88.88%) of the institutions. Lectures were either a standalone module or part of a module in 14 (77.78%) institutions. The three first topics covered in the courses were the fundamental principles of ethics, the role of the ethics committee in the protection of research participants, and respect for research participants. A total of 14 (77.78%) institutions declared ethical clearance mandatory before the implementation of students' thesis protocols. Eight (50.00%) training institutions declared having at least one qualified lecturer to deliver training in research ethics evaluation. The organization of the training of lecturers in delivering lectures on research ethics was declared to be the main assistance needed. Conclusions The delivery of research ethics education in Cameroon's healthcare institutions is still limited by the fact that it does not cover all eligible populations, is not standardized, and does not yet promote the practice of requiring all student protocols to undergo preethical review prior to implementation. These points should be taken into account by the authorities in charge.

An assessment of the provision of women-friendly care and its associated factors among mothers who gave birth at public health institutions in South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.

Introduction: "Women-friendly care" is one of the categories of respectful maternal care and is a method of providing care that improves women's access to safe parenting and to reproductive health services by creating a friendly environment at all levels. Improving service use is crucial, particularly in situations where it is low. There is limited data on women-friendly care during childbirth in Ethiopia. Objective: This study aimed to assess the provision of women-friendly care and its associated factors among mothers who gave birth at health institutions in the South Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A multicenter institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among mothers who gave birth at South Gondar Zone public health institutions, from February 01 to March 30/2021. Three hundred forty-eight study participants were selected by using systematic random sampling. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection. For analysis, the data were imported into Epi-Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance. Results: The study had 344 participants in total, with a response rate of 98.85%. The study revealed that a full 73% [95%; CI: 68.6, 77.3%] its participants received women-friendly care. Having antenatal care follow-up [AOR: 3.02, 95% CI: 2.16-11.68], being a primipara [AOR = 2.30 95% CI: 1.23-5.49], not experiencing complications during childbirth [AOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.17-12.4], stays at health care facilities, specifically between 13 and 24 h [AOR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09-0.67], place for delivery [AOR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.29-6.09] and delivering during daytime hours [AOR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.08-5.65] were significantly associated with the provision of women-friendly care. Conclusions: Only two-thirds of the study participants received Women's-friendly care during childbirth. It was found to be low in our study area in contrast with the majority of the previous findings. Our own findings also suggest the importance of minimizing elective induction of labor during night, of providing comprehensive counseling on antenatal care follow-up, of ensuring mothers remain at health care facilities until the recommended duration, and of implementing early prevention and management of childbirth complications to ensure that mothers receive women-friendly care.

Survey and analysis on the resource situation of primary health care institutions in rural China.

Background: China's rural population is immense, and to ensure the well-being of rural residents through healthcare services, it is essential to analyze the resources of rural grassroots healthcare institutions in China. The objective is to examine the discrepancies and deficiencies in resources between rural grassroots healthcare institutions and the national average, providing a basis for future improvements and supplementation of rural healthcare resources. Methodology: The study analyzed data from 2020 to 2022 on the number of healthcare establishments, the capacity of hospital beds, the number of healthcare professionals, and the number of physicians in both rural and national settings. Additionally, it examined the medical service conditions and ratios of township health centers in rural areas to assess the resource gap between rural areas and the national average. Results: Healthcare establishments: On average, there were 2.2 fewer healthcare institutions per 10,000 persons in rural areas compared to the national average over three years. Hospital beds: On average, there were approximately 36 fewer hospital beds per 10,000 persons in rural areas compared to the national average over three years. Healthcare professionals and physicians: On average, there were about 48 fewer healthcare technical personnel and 10 fewer practicing (including assistant) physicians per 10,000 persons in rural areas compared to the national average over three years. Conclusion: Compared to the national average, there are significant discrepancies and deficiencies in grassroots healthcare resources in rural China. This underscores the necessity of increasing funding to progressively enhance the number of healthcare institutions in rural areas, expand the number of healthcare personnel, and elevate medical standards to better align with national benchmarks. Improving rural healthcare resources will strategically equip these institutions to cater to rural communities and effectively handle public health emergencies. Ensuring that the rural population in China has equal access to healthcare services as the rest of the country is crucial for promoting the well-being of rural residents and achieving health equity.

How an international research programme can contribute to improvements in the research environment: the perspective of doctoral students in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: The Africa Capacity Building Initiative (ACBI) programme aimed to 'strengthen the research and training capacity of higher education institutions and support the development of individual scientists in sub-Saharan Africa through UK-Africa research collaborations' including by funding PhD studentships. We conducted research to understand students' experiences and to see how consortia-based programmes such as ACBI and their own institutions can enhance PhD students' research environment and progress. Methods: In-depth interviews with 35 ACBI-funded PhD students explored their perspectives about how their research and personal development benefitted from belonging to a research consortium. Questionnaires were used to corroborate interview findings. Results: Students recognised that membership of a research consortium provided many benefits compared to less well-resourced peers. By drawing on the programme and consortiums' resources, they were often able to overcome some limitations in their own institution's systems and facilities. Through their consortia they could access a wide range of international expertise and support from mentors and colleagues for their technical and psychosocial needs. Multiple consortia opportunities for engaging with the international scientific community and for networking, gave them confidence and motivation and enhanced their career prospects. Conclusion: Our study and its recommendations highlight how the breadth and diversity of resources available to PhD students through research consortia can be harnessed to facilitate students' progress and to create a supportive and conducive research environment. It also underlines how, through a multi-level approach, consortia can contribute to longer-term improvements in institutional research environments for PhD students.

Learning from precedent: how the British Brexit experience shapes nationalist rhetoric outside the UK.

The liberal international order has recently come under increasing nationalist pressure, evidenced by a rise in nationalist demands to withdraw from international institutions. A growing literature examines the domestic economic, social, and political origins of this nationalist backlash against international institutions. However, less is known about the extent to which precedents of withdrawals of one country affect nationalist pressures for future withdrawals elsewhere. In this paper, we argue that initial withdrawal episodes provide new information about the feasibility and desirability of withdrawals to nationalist elites in other countries. Hence, we expect nationalists abroad to be either encouraged or deterred to follow a similar path - depending on the success of these precedents. We explore this argument in the context of the British withdrawal from the European Union (Brexit), which arguably marks the most significant withdrawal from an international institution to date. Based on a quantitative analyses of media reports in ten European countries, we show we show that nationalist parties in Europe increased or moderated the aggressiveness about their EU-related rhetoric as the ups and downs of the Brexit-drama unfolded. Our results suggest that precedents of nationalist withdrawals shape domestic politics well beyond the concerned countries themselves.

The Impact of Social Support on Sleep Quality in Elderly Care Institutions in Northeast China: the Chain-Mediating Effect of Psychological Adjustment and Coping Style.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the sleep quality as well as the influence of social support on the sleep quality of elderly people in nursing homes in northeast China, and analyze the chain-mediating role of psychological adjustment and coping styles in social support and sleep quality, thereby to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective intervention measures in this direction. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted during January-March 2023 and adopted a cluster sampling method to select 5 elderly care institutions from across the Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang provinces in Northeast China. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Self-mate General Situation Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Nursing Home Adjustment Scale for the Elderly, Social Support Rating Scale, and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire. Statistical analysis methods, including ANOVA, logistic multi-factor regression, and Pearson's correlation were employed in SPSS 26.0, while Amos 26.0 was used to build a structural equation model to analyze the interaction path and the mediating role between the variables. Results: The sleep quality of elderly individuals in elderly care institutions was relatively low 8.43(3.456). Social support of elderly individuals in elderly care institutions affected their sleep quality through i) both psychological adjustment and face-to-face coping style (B = 0.493, P < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.050-0.122) and ii) both psychological adjustment and avoidance coping style (B = -0.302, P < 0.001, 95% CI = -0.119 to -0.048). Psychological adjustment, confrontation coping, and avoidance coping played a mediating role in the sequential relationship between social support and the sleep quality of elderly individuals in elderly care institutions. Conclusion: Psychological adjustment and coping styles have a chain-mediating effect between social support and sleep quality of the elderly in northeast China's elderly care institutions.

The Influence of Kindergarten Environment on the Development of Preschool Children's Physical Fitness.

The aim of this research is to find out to what extent the special qualifications of physical education teachers and the physical environment of kindergartens influence the physical development of preschoolers. Forty-four kindergartens across Estonia participated in the study, half of which had a physical education teacher (PEt), whereas the remaining 22 kindergartens were taught by non-qualified kindergarten teachers (NoPEt). Six Eurofit fitness tests were used to assess the physical development of children (n = 704; aged 6-7 years old, with an average age of 6.55 ± 0.5 years). An analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of the fitness test results of the two groups. Linear regression analysis was applied to clarify the influence of individual and environmental factors on children's fitness scores. In kindergartens where the position of a PEt had been created, the results of children's physical fitness were statistically significantly better, more specifically in handgrip strength (m = 12.0, 95% CI = 11.8-12.3 vs. m = 11.5, 95% CI = 11.2-11.7) and in speed tests (m = 23.0, 95% CI = 22.8-23.2 vs. m = 23.6, 95% CI = 23.3-23.8). According to the teacher interviews, these kindergartens also had more rooms and areas specially created for physical exercises. The study revealed that the physical development of children is, when controlling for other individual and environmental factors, influenced by the professional qualification of the PE teacher (95% CI = 0.06-0.56) as well as children's participation in sports training (95% CI = 0.29-0.83). These findings are important for preschool institutions and municipalities in designing the optimal physical environment for facilitating children's physical fitness.