Effect of boxers' social support on mental fatigue: Chain mediating effects of coach leadership behaviors and psychological resilience.

BACKGROUND: Athletic fatigue is an inescapable issue in competitive sports. It belongs to a physiological response that is triggered when competitive athletes are trained to a critical point. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to explore the relationships involving boxers' social support, mental fatigue, coach leadership behaviors and psychological resilience. METHODS: 1050 boxers were selected in several provinces across China and investigated on the basis of the Social Support Questionnaire for Athletes, Mental Fatigue Scale, Psychological Resilience Scale, and Leadership Scale for Sport. RESULTS: Boxers' social support was negatively correlated with mental fatigue and psychological resilience, while it was positively correlated with coach leadership behaviors. Apart from direct effects on mental fatigue, other impacts are imposed by boxers' social support via mediating effects such as coach leadership behaviors and psychological resilience. The total effect value was -0.18, the direct effect value was -0.08, and the indirect effect value was -0.12; furthermore, coach leadership behaviors and psychological resilience play a mediating role, accounting for 65.57% of the total. CONCLUSION: In order to alleviate the stress from intense competitive training and abate mental fatigue, competitive athletes may be encouraged in subsequent training to seek all-sided social support for social interpersonal relationships. While clarifying the mechanism how the external environment affects individuals, this paper explains the principle of social support on athletes' psychological fatigue and identifies mutual influences between coaches and athletes.

Drivers of university-business cooperation of university faculty from the social cognitive theory perspective.

As an independent research field, there is growing attention to university-business cooperation (UBC). However, few studies focus on the driving factors of UBC, which remains an open problem in this area. This study analyzes a broad mix of drivers underlying seven UBC activities, namely, curriculum development and design (CDD), student mobility (SD), lifelong learning (LLL), professional mobility (PM), research and development (R&D), commercialization (COM), and entrepreneurship (ENT), and discusses the internal mechanism and external environment of higher education institutions (HEIs) as the moderator variable affecting UBC activities and individual motivations. Specifically, based on the social cognition theory, the independent variables include motivations (money, career, research, education, and social), the internal mechanism (support mechanism, strategic mechanism, and management mechanism), and the external environment (policy environment, economic environment, and cultural environment) are designed. The aforementioned seven UBC activities are taken as dependent variables. This work takes university faculty as the research object. Through empirical analysis, it demonstrates that the combination of driving factors of different UBC activities has its particularity. Furthermore, the results showed that the internal mechanism and external environment of HEIs could positively moderate the relationship between individual motivations and UBC activities. In terms of theoretical contribution, this study reveals the combination of factors that drive university faculty to engage in UBC. On the other hand, it can provide a reference for policymakers and managers to better development of UBC.

From value perception to behavioural intention: Study of Chinese smallholders' pro-environmental agricultural practices.

Internal motivation is a crucial factor determining an individual's behaviour, particularly relevant to smallholders' adoption of pro-environmental agricultural practices. However, there has been limited evidence about smallholders' behavioural intention formation, specifically focusing on pro-environmental agricultural practices. Using large-scale, in-depth interview data from a sample of 549 rural farmers in Shandong province in China, we developed an integrated socio-psychological model, which integrated the value-belief-norm (VBN) theory and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) into a coherent framework and further tested by using the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. The results show that the TPB and the VBN models can be well-integrated to examine smallholder's pro-environmental behaviours. The integrated model indicates that smallholders' value perception of environment plays a fundamental role in forming their behavioural intention. Smallholders' subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control (as the core elements in the TPB theory), and their ascribed responsibility (as a core element in the VBN theory) play a significant mediation role in shaping their behavioural intention. This result indicates that to foster smallholders' internal motivation in adopting pro-environmental practices, it is crucial to understand the value perception among farmers, and policymakers should particularly take measures to foster farmers' egoistic values, altruistic values and their biospheric values towards the environment. Only if these proper values are formed, a strong behavioural intention can be formed.

Community Environment Perception on Depression: The Mediating Role of Subjective Social Class.

Depression has become a major social issue of global concern, which has seriously threatened the quality of an individual's life. Although the relationship between community environment and depression has aroused heated debate, the empirical research on the relationship between community environment perception and public depression is still relatively insufficient. Data for this study are from China Family Panel Studies in 2016, which were conducted by the institute of Social Science Survey, Peking University. This paper has tested group differences in the influence of community environment on public depression, as well as the mediating role of subjective social class between community environment perception and depression, so as to further explore the social psychological effect of community environment. The empirical study found that there are group differences in the impacts of community environment perception on depression. Specifically, men, rural residents, and people aged 60 and under are more likely to be depressed which were affected by the perception of community environment. Furthermore, we have found that the subjective social class can partly mediate community environment perception and depression. That is to say, the perception of community environment can induce depression by influencing the individual's subjective social class. Among them, community living environment and community public facilities have the greatest impact, community emotional attachment and community security situation have the second impact, and neighborhood mutual aid and neighborhood relationship have the least impact. In other words, the community environment is deeply endowed with a social psychological effect. To ameliorate the public's depression, it is necessary to consider the construction of community physical environment and the cultivation of harmonious community culture as powerful measures not to be ignored. In short, the important role of community environmental intervention in alleviating the public's depression caused by social class cognition deserves attention.

Spatial Association of Urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta, China.

China is urbanizing rapidly, but current research into the spatiotemporal characteristics of urbanization often ignores the spatial and evolutionary associations of cities. Using the theory of spatial polarization and diffusion, together with a systematic analysis method, this study examined the spatial development process of urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China during 1995-2015. Results showed clear patterns in the scale and hierarchy of regional urbanization. Shanghai ranked first as the regional growth pole, while Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Suzhou ranked second. The spatial linkage index of urbanization showed that 10 cities (including Shanghai, Suzhou, and Hangzhou) constituted the densest spatial linkage network. The diffused area often became spatially polarized before the polarization then weakened as a new diffusion stage developed. The study also revealed that the spatial correlation urbanization differences in the YRD generally decreased. The polarization index revealed increasing spatial integration and correlation of urbanization in the YRD. This study proved that each city had a different spatial role in relation to other cities during different stages of development. Investigation of the driving mechanism of regional urbanization indicated that industrial modernization and relocation within the region provided the main endogenous driving force for the formation of spatial polarization or diffusion. Our research provides important scientific support for regional development planning. Furthermore, our analysis of the impact of spatial correlation within cities or a region could provide an important reference in relation to the regional environment and public health.

Mechanical wear analysis helps understand a mechanism of failure in retrieved magnetically controlled growing rods: a retrieval study.

BACKGROUND: To assess the relationship between mechanical wear and the failure of the internal lengthening mechanism in retrieved MAGnetic Expansion Control (MAGEC) growing rods. METHODS: This study included 34 MAGEC rods retrieved from 20 patients. The state of the internal mechanism and mechanical wear were assessed in all the rods using plain radiographs and visual inspection. Metrology was then performed to assess the topography and mechanical wear of the telescopic bars, using a Talyrond 365 (Taylor Hobson, Leicester, UK) roundness measuring machine. RESULTS: Plain radiographs showed evidence of a broken internal mechanism in 29% of retrieved rods. Single-side wear marks were found in 97% of retrieved rods. Material loss was found to significantly increase in rods with a damaged internal mechanism (p < 0.05) and rods with longer time in situ (r = 0.692, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found an association between damage to the internal mechanism of the rods and (1) patterns of single-side longitudinal wear marks and (2) increased material loss. As the material loss was also found to increase over time of rod in situ, we emphasise the importance of early detection and revision of failed MAGEC rods in clinical practice.

Current Challenges of Medical Safety Supervision in China and Suggestions of Improvement: Based on Health Care Quality Supervision Committee's Experience / 中国医院管理

Medical security is a prominent problem in China,and the medical safety supervision system needs to be improved.Through the analysis of the existing literature,medical supervision process,current situation and problems are analyzed,and the medical supervision system in England is comparatively analyzed,and the relationship model of British regulators is built,the internal mechanism of British medical supervision is analyzed,and finally through combining with the actual situation of China,new ideas for perfecting the medical safety supervision are put forward.

[Dynamic serum metabolomics study of liver injury in rats caused by Polygonum multifulorum].

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used for determination of metabolic fingerprint spectrum in rat serum, and the method of multivariate statistical analysis was used to compare the metabolism spectrum difference and screen significantly related biomarkers. The dynamic change trend was investigated at the same time. The dynamic metabonomics changes of liver injury in rats caused by Polygonum multifulorum(PM) were investigated; significantly related biomarkers were found and their dynamic change trend was investigated to provide basis for internal mechanism and early clinical diagnosis. There was certain difference in serum metabolic profile of the rats at different time points. Six potential biomarkers were screened through comparative analysis, including oleamide, lysoPC(16∶0), leukotriene A4, trans-tetra-dec-2-enoic acid, dihydrocortisol and 7a-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone. These markers presented the dynamic change trend in the process of PM causing liver damage. The biomarkers contents had a significant change after one week of drug administration, more sensitive than ALT and AST. It can reveal the dynamic mechanism of PM causing liver damage and hepatic self-healing performance to some extent, with important application value and significance for monitoring liver function and early detecting diagnosis for patients with PM.

A magnetic levitation robotic camera for minimally invasive surgery: Useful for NOTES?

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is rising in popularity generating a revolution in operative medicine during the past few decades. Although laparoscopic techniques have not significantly changed in the last 10 years, several advances have been made in visualization devices and instrumentation. METHODS: Our team, composed of surgeons and biomedical engineers, developed a magnetic levitation camera (MLC) with a magnetic internal mechanism dedicated to MIS. Three animal trials were performed. Porcine acute model has been chosen after animal ethical committee approval, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy, nephrectomy and hernioplastic repair have been performed. RESULTS: MLC permits to complete efficiently several two-port laparoscopy surgeries reducing patients' invasiveness and at the same time saving surgeon's dexterity. CONCLUSIONS: We strongly believe that insertable and softly tethered devices like MLS camera will be an integral part of future surgical systems, thus improving procedures efficiency, minimizing invasiveness and enhancing surgeon dexterity and versatility of visions angles.

Dynamic serum metabolomics study of liver injury in rats caused by Polygonum multifulorum / 中国中药杂志

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used for determination of metabolic fingerprint spectrum in rat serum, and the method of multivariate statistical analysis was used to compare the metabolism spectrum difference and screen significantly related biomarkers. The dynamic change trend was investigated at the same time. The dynamic metabonomics changes of liver injury in rats caused by Polygonum multifulorum(PM) were investigated; significantly related biomarkers were found and their dynamic change trend was investigated to provide basis for internal mechanism and early clinical diagnosis. There was certain difference in serum metabolic profile of the rats at different time points. Six potential biomarkers were screened through comparative analysis, including oleamide, lysoPC(16∶0), leukotriene A4, trans-tetra-dec-2-enoic acid, dihydrocortisol and 7a-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone. These markers presented the dynamic change trend in the process of PM causing liver damage. The biomarkers contents had a significant change after one week of drug administration, more sensitive than ALT and AST. It can reveal the dynamic mechanism of PM causing liver damage and hepatic self-healing performance to some extent, with important application value and significance for monitoring liver function and early detecting diagnosis for patients with PM.