ABSTRACT
Knuckle cracking refers to the characteristic sound produced when joints are moved or distracted, and there is considerable interest in the mechanism and the clinical associations of knuckle cracking. Different mechanisms for knuckle cracking have been proposed over a century, and some have speculated that it can lead to deleterious effects on the joints. Herein, we review the literature on the mechanism and clinical associations of knuckle cracking. There is agreement in the literature regarding the formation of a bubble as part of the mechanism of knuckle cracking; however, the process by which the bubble is formed and the source of the cracking sound is not clear. The evidence for the association of knuckle cracking and osteoarthritis comes mainly from observational studies that have failed to show an association. Fewer studies report other associations mainly through descriptive, small or cross-sectional studies. Clin. Anat. 31:942-945, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subject(s)
Metacarpophalangeal Joint/physiopathology , Osteoarthritis/etiology , Biomechanical Phenomena , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Habits , Humans , Male , Metacarpophalangeal Joint/injuries , Observational Studies as Topic , SoundABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The fingerprint, knuckle print and the retina are used to authenticate a person accurately because of the permanence in the features. These three biometric traits are fused for better security. The fingerprint and knuckle print images are pre-processed by morphological techniques and the features are extracted from the normalized image using gabor filter. The retinal image is converted to gray image and pre-processing is done using top hat and bottom hat filtering. Blood vessels are segmented and the features are extracted by locating the optic disk as the centre point. The extracted features from the fingerprint, knuckle print and the retina are fused together as one template and stored in the data base for authentication purpose, thus reducing the space and time complexity.
ABSTRACT
Cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP) is a highly conserved multi-zinc knuckle protein that enhances c-MYC expression, is related to certain human muscular diseases and is required for proper rostral head development. CNBP binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and RNA and acts as nucleic acid chaperone. Despite the advances made concerning CNBP biological roles, a full knowledge about the structure-function relationship has not yet been achieved, likely due to difficulty in obtaining pure and tag-free CNBP. Here, we report a fast, simple, reproducible, and high-performance expression and purification protocol that provides recombinant tag-free CNBP from Escherichia coli cultures. We determined that tag-free CNBP binds its molecular targets with higher affinity than tagged-CNBP. Furthermore, fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the presence of a unique and conserved tryptophan, which is exposed to the solvent and involved, directly or indirectly, in nucleic acid binding. Size-exclusion HPLC revealed that CNBP forms homodimers independently of nucleic acid binding and coexist with monomers as non-interconvertible forms or in slow equilibrium. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that CNBP has a secondary structure dominated by random-coil and ß-sheet coincident with the sequence-predicted repetitive zinc knuckles motifs, which folding is required for CNBP structural stability and biochemical activity. CNBP structural stability increased in the presence of single-stranded nucleic acid targets similar to other unstructured nucleic acid chaperones. Altogether, data suggest that CNBP is a flexible protein with interspersed structured zinc knuckles, and acquires a more rigid structure upon nucleic acid binding.
ABSTRACT
A ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial (RLCCr) é uma desordem ortopédica comum em cães que promove a instabilidade da articulação do joelho, resultando em claudicação e alterações degenerativas progressivas desta. A melhor técnica para reparação da RLCCr ainda não está bem elucidada. A maioria das técnicas alcança uma taxa de sucesso entre 80 a 90 por cento e todas apresentam vantagens e desvantagens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os resultados da estabilização extracapsular utilizando dois pontos distintos de ancoragem na articulação femoro-tibio-patelar como forma de tratamento da RLCCr em cães. Para tanto, foram utilizados 20 membros pélvicos de caninos. Após a RLCCr, todos os membros receberam avaliação da eficiência da técnica por meio do estudo da estabilidade crânio-caudal do joelho em flexão de 90° e extensão de 135°. As estabilizações extracapsulares realizadas nos cadáveres conferiram estabilidade crânio-caudal sem demonstrar superioridade de uma ou outra técnica, e nenhuma delas pode atribuir estabilidade isométrica quando testadas com os membros em 90° e 130°.
The rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (RLCCr) is a common orthopedic disorder in dogs resulting in instability of the knee that promotes: lameness and progressive degenerative changes. The best technique to repair RLCCr, is not well elucidated. Most techniques achieve a success rate between 80 to 90 percent and all have advantages and disadvantages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of extra-capsular stabilization using two different points of anchorage in the femora tibio-patellar joint, as a way of repairing of RCCrL in dogs, which were used for 20 members of pelvic canines. After RCCrL all members were assessed to verify the efficiency of the technique through the study of cranial caudal stability of the knee in 90° of flexion and extension of 130°. The extra-capsular stabilization performed in cadavers brought stability without demonstrating superiority of either technique, and both could not give isometric stability when tested with the members positioning in the angle of 90° and 130°.
ABSTRACT
The rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (RLCCr) is a common orthopedic disorder in dogs resulting in instability of the knee that promotes: lameness and progressive degenerative changes. The best technique to repair RLCCr, is not well elucidated. Most techniques achieve a success rate between 80 to 90% and all have advantages and disadvantages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of extra-capsular stabilization using two different points of anchorage in the femora tibio-patellar joint, as a way of repairing of RCCrL in dogs, which were used for 20 members of pelvic canines. After RCCrL all members were assessed to verify the efficiency of the technique through the study of cranial caudal stability of the knee in 90° of flexion and extension of 130°. The extra-capsular stabilization performed in cadavers brought stability without demonstrating superiority of either technique, and both could not give isometric stability when tested with the members positioning in the angle of 90° and 130°.
A ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial (RLCCr) é uma desordem ortopédica comum em cães que promove a instabilidade da articulação do joelho, resultando em claudicação e alterações degenerativas progressivas desta. A melhor técnica para reparação da RLCCr ainda não está bem elucidada. A maioria das técnicas alcança uma taxa de sucesso entre 80 a 90% e todas apresentam vantagens e desvantagens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os resultados da estabilização extracapsular utilizando dois pontos distintos de ancoragem na articulação femoro-tibio-patelar como forma de tratamento da RLCCr em cães. Para tanto, foram utilizados 20 membros pélvicos de caninos. Após a RLCCr, todos os membros receberam avaliação da eficiência da técnica por meio do estudo da estabilidade crânio-caudal do joelho em flexão de 90° e extensão de 135°. As estabilizações extracapsulares realizadas nos cadáveres conferiram estabilidade crânio-caudal sem demonstrar superioridade de uma ou outra técnica, e nenhuma delas pode atribuir estabilidade isométrica quando testadas com os membros em 90° e 130°.
ABSTRACT
The rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (RLCCr) is a common orthopedic disorder in dogs resulting in instability of the knee that promotes: lameness and progressive degenerative changes. The best technique to repair RLCCr, is not well elucidated. Most techniques achieve a success rate between 80 to 90% and all have advantages and disadvantages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of extra-capsular stabilization using two different points of anchorage in the femora tibio-patellar joint, as a way of repairing of RCCrL in dogs, which were used for 20 members of pelvic canines. After RCCrL all members were assessed to verify the efficiency of the technique through the study of cranial caudal stability of the knee in 90° of flexion and extension of 130°. The extra-capsular stabilization performed in cadavers brought stability without demonstrating superiority of either technique, and both could not give isometric stability when tested with the members positioning in the angle of 90° and 130°.
A ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial (RLCCr) é uma desordem ortopédica comum em cães que promove a instabilidade da articulação do joelho, resultando em claudicação e alterações degenerativas progressivas desta. A melhor técnica para reparação da RLCCr ainda não está bem elucidada. A maioria das técnicas alcança uma taxa de sucesso entre 80 a 90% e todas apresentam vantagens e desvantagens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os resultados da estabilização extracapsular utilizando dois pontos distintos de ancoragem na articulação femoro-tibio-patelar como forma de tratamento da RLCCr em cães. Para tanto, foram utilizados 20 membros pélvicos de caninos. Após a RLCCr, todos os membros receberam avaliação da eficiência da técnica por meio do estudo da estabilidade crânio-caudal do joelho em flexão de 90° e extensão de 135°. As estabilizações extracapsulares realizadas nos cadáveres conferiram estabilidade crânio-caudal sem demonstrar superioridade de uma ou outra técnica, e nenhuma delas pode atribuir estabilidade isométrica quando testadas com os membros em 90° e 130°.
ABSTRACT
The rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (RLCCr) is a common orthopedic disorder in dogs resulting in instability of the knee that promotes: lameness and progressive degenerative changes. The best technique to repair RLCCr, is not well elucidated. Most techniques achieve a success rate between 80 to 90% and all have advantages and disadvantages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of extra-capsular stabilization using two different points of anchorage in the femora tibio-patellar joint, as a way of repairing of RCCrL in dogs, which were used for 20 members of pelvic canines. After RCCrL all members were assessed to verify the efficiency of the technique through the study of cranial caudal stability of the knee in 90° of flexion and extension of 130°. The extra-capsular stabilization performed in cadavers brought stability without demonstrating superiority of either technique, and both could not give isometric stability when tested with the members positioning in the angle of 90° and 130°.
A ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial (RLCCr) é uma desordem ortopédica comum em cães que promove a instabilidade da articulação do joelho, resultando em claudicação e alterações degenerativas progressivas desta. A melhor técnica para reparação da RLCCr ainda não está bem elucidada. A maioria das técnicas alcança uma taxa de sucesso entre 80 a 90% e todas apresentam vantagens e desvantagens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os resultados da estabilização extracapsular utilizando dois pontos distintos de ancoragem na articulação femoro-tibio-patelar como forma de tratamento da RLCCr em cães. Para tanto, foram utilizados 20 membros pélvicos de caninos. Após a RLCCr, todos os membros receberam avaliação da eficiência da técnica por meio do estudo da estabilidade crânio-caudal do joelho em flexão de 90° e extensão de 135°. As estabilizações extracapsulares realizadas nos cadáveres conferiram estabilidade crânio-caudal sem demonstrar superioridade de uma ou outra técnica, e nenhuma delas pode atribuir estabilidade isométrica quando testadas com os membros em 90° e 130°.