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1.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 44(2): 767-780, mar.-abr. 2023. mapas, tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1511530

ABSTRACT

Maedi-Visna (MV) is a chronic progressive multisystem disease that may be asymptomatic for several months or years, but progress rapidly, and may result in death, when signs and symptoms evolve. Viral elimination occurs mainly through direct contact with positive animal secretions. There is no vaccine or treatment, and prophylaxis is necessary for the health of the herd. The present study aimed to verify the seropositivity of MV and evaluate the factors associated with the risk in sheep herds in Paraná. A total of 1549 serum samples were collected from 90 properties. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to each property, and the variables were analyzed using the Epi-info program and R environment. Of the 1549 samples analyzed, 22 were positive (1.4%) for the micro-AGID test in 13.3% of the properties. Our study demonstrated variables associated with the prevention and the risk of seropositivity to MVV. Conducting a breeding season, supplying concentrated feed, and separating the breeding stock before birth were factors associated with protection, whereas the previous occurrence of problems with lice, breeding on pasture, and keeping cats close to the flock were factors associated with risk. The seropositivity observed in the present study suggests the circulation of MVV in sheep herds in Paraná, which reinforces the need to implement prevention and control measures since the level of technification may be associated with the occurrence of anti-MVV antibodies in herds.(AU)


A Maedi-Visna (MV) é uma doença multissistêmica de caráter crônico-progressivo, os animais infectados podem passar meses e anos sem demonstrarem sinais clínicos e, após desenvolverem sinais, evoluem rapidamente para a morte. A eliminação viral ocorre principalmente por meio do contato direto com secreções de animais positivos. Não existe vacina ou tratamento, sendo necessária a profilaxia para a sanidade do rebanho. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a soropositividade para o MV e avaliar os fatores associados ao risco em rebanhos ovinos do Paraná. Foram colhidas 1549 amostras de soro, oriundas de 90 propriedades. A cada propriedade foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico, cujas variáveis foram analisadas pelo programa Epi-info e ambiente R. Das 1549 amostras analisadas, 22 foram positivas (1,4%) ao teste de micro-IDGA, em 13,3% das propriedades. Nosso estudo demonstrou variáveis associadas à proteção e ao risco para a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-MVV nas propriedades podem estar relacionadas à tecnificação da mesma. Realização de estação de monta, fornecimento de ração concentrada e separação das matrizes antes do parto foram fatores associados à proteção, enquanto que a ocorrência prévia de problemas com piolhos, criação a pasto e manter gatos junto ao rebanho foram fatores associados ao risco. A soropositividade observada no presente estudo sugere a circulação do MVV nos rebanhos ovinos do Paraná, o que reforça a necessidade de implementação de medidas de prevenção e controle, uma vez que a tecnificação pode interferir na ocorrência de anticorpos anti-MVV nos rebanhos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep/virology , Pneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of Sheep/epidemiology , Brazil , Risk Factors , Visna-maedi virus/pathogenicity
2.
Virus Res ; 296: 198332, 2021 04 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33549642

ABSTRACT

The complete gag gene from small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) encodes for a polyprotein of 55 kDa, known as p55gag. p55gag presents multiple antigenic epitopes, which can be recognized by antibodies, increasing the opportunity to detect SRLV-positive animals. Therefore, this polyprotein is considered an excellent candidate to use in diagnostic tests to detect antibodies against SRLV. Different studies have suggested that the selection of the recombinant antigen, which must be representative of the virus strains circulating in the test population, is crucial to avoid false negative results. Thus, the use of proteins from different viral strains isolated from goats or sheep of a given region or country may be a useful strategy to increase the ability to detect SRLV-infected animals. In the present study, the pMAL-p5X vector was used to express and purify p55gag (now called rp55gag for recombinant polyprotein 55 gag). The cloned gene was inserted downstream from the malE gene of Escherichia coli, which encodes a maltose-binding protein (MBP), resulting in the expression of an MBP fusion protein. The complete gag gene was amplified by RT-PCR. Finally, after digestion, the product was cloned into the pMAL-p5X vector and used to transform E. coli ER2325 cells. After the purification of MBP-rp55gag by affinity chromatography, the eluted fraction was observed by SDS-PAGE and Western Blot (WB). The WB was carried out with 85 serum samples from small ruminants previously analysed and compared by two commercial ELISAs. The results show that 76 of the serum samples were concordant with those by both ELISAs. Regarding the other nine serum samples, which showed discordant results between both ELISAs, were positive by WB. The results thus show that the rp55gag could be considered as an antigen in a confirmatory diagnostic assay to detect SRLV by WB. For this purpose, a future study with a high number of sera to determine the test specificity and sensitivity, using the p55gag of the circulating strain in Argentina will be necessary.


Subject(s)
Goat Diseases , Lentivirus Infections , Sheep Diseases , Animals , Escherichia coli , Goat Diseases/diagnosis , Goats , Lentivirus/genetics , Lentivirus Infections/diagnosis , Lentivirus Infections/veterinary , Maltose-Binding Proteins/genetics , Phylogeny , Polyproteins/genetics , Ruminants , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/diagnosis
3.
Pathogens ; 10(1)2021 Jan 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33478070

ABSTRACT

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) cause an incurable multiorganic disease widely spread in sheep and goats that disturbs animal welfare and production. In the absence of a vaccine, control measures have been traditionally based on early diagnosis and breeding with virus-inactivated colostrum with segregation of seropositive animals. However, antigenic heterogeneity, poor antibody production due to low viral load, and single strain design of most available ELISA, pose a threat to SRLV diagnosis. Genome-wide association studies have described TMEM154 E35K polymorphism as a good genetic marker for selection of resistant animals in some American and European breeds. In this study, a multitargeted serological and virological screening of more than 500 animals from four different breeds (latxa, raza Navarra, assaf, and churra) attending to SRLV infection status was performed. Then, animals were genotyped to characterize TMEM154 E35K polymorphism. ELISA procedures, individually considered, only identified a proportion of the seropositive animals, and PCR detected a fraction of seronegative animals, globally offering different animal classifications according to SRLV infection status. TMEM154 allele frequency differed substantially among breeds and a positive association between seroprevalence and TMEM154 genotype was found only in one breed. Selection based on TMEM154 may be suitable for specific ovine breeds or SRLV strains, however generalization to the whole SRLV genetic spectrum, ovine breeds, or epidemiological situation may need further validation.

4.
Acta sci. vet. (Online) ; 49: Pub. 1781, 15 jan. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-29817

ABSTRACT

Background: Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) belong to genus Lentivirus, family Retroviridae. These viruses causecaprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) and maedi visna (MV), infectious diseases that cause economic, production, and reproductive losses. There are no effective treatments or vaccines for these diseases. Thus, early detection via serology hasgreat importance for control of SRLV. Therefore, the objective of this review is to demonstrate the potential of the westernblot (WB) test as an immunodiagnostic test for SRLV.Review: In general, immunodiagnosis of SRLV is performed via agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and indirect enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which can detect antibodies in several different biological samples but is used preferably with serum and blood plasma. However, WB has demonstrated efficacy in the early diagnosis of immunoglobulinsagainst SRLV, presenting higher sensitivity and specificity than the serological tests usually used, because this techniquecan detect antibodies at a dilution as much as 256 times greater than that of AGID and 32 times greater than that of ELISA.SRLV infection and consequent immunological activation result in the induction of cellular and humoral responses. Additionally, around the third week, production of antibodies directed mainly toward viral capsid proteins (p25 and p28)occurs. After the fifth week, production of immunoglobulins directed toward other viral proteins occurs. Because of thepersistence of SRLV infection, serology is considered to be the most practical means to diagnosis. Each serological testhas a percentage specificity and distinct sensitivity, as well as advantages and disadvantages in its applicability. It shouldbe noted that there is no gold standard test for diagnosis of SRLV infection. Moreover, SRLV are characterized by escapemechanisms such as genetic diversity, mutagenic potential, viral intermittence...(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Lentivirus Infections/veterinary , Lentivirus Infections/diagnosis , Blotting, Western/veterinary , Ruminants/virology , Immunoglobulins , Serologic Tests/veterinary
5.
Acta sci. vet. (Impr.) ; 49: Pub.1781-2021. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1458420

ABSTRACT

Background: Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) belong to genus Lentivirus, family Retroviridae. These viruses causecaprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) and maedi visna (MV), infectious diseases that cause economic, production, and reproductive losses. There are no effective treatments or vaccines for these diseases. Thus, early detection via serology hasgreat importance for control of SRLV. Therefore, the objective of this review is to demonstrate the potential of the westernblot (WB) test as an immunodiagnostic test for SRLV.Review: In general, immunodiagnosis of SRLV is performed via agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and indirect enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which can detect antibodies in several different biological samples but is used preferably with serum and blood plasma. However, WB has demonstrated efficacy in the early diagnosis of immunoglobulinsagainst SRLV, presenting higher sensitivity and specificity than the serological tests usually used, because this techniquecan detect antibodies at a dilution as much as 256 times greater than that of AGID and 32 times greater than that of ELISA.SRLV infection and consequent immunological activation result in the induction of cellular and humoral responses. Additionally, around the third week, production of antibodies directed mainly toward viral capsid proteins (p25 and p28)occurs. After the fifth week, production of immunoglobulins directed toward other viral proteins occurs. Because of thepersistence of SRLV infection, serology is considered to be the most practical means to diagnosis. Each serological testhas a percentage specificity and distinct sensitivity, as well as advantages and disadvantages in its applicability. It shouldbe noted that there is no gold standard test for diagnosis of SRLV infection. Moreover, SRLV are characterized by escapemechanisms such as genetic diversity, mutagenic potential, viral intermittence...


Subject(s)
Animals , Lentivirus Infections/diagnosis , Lentivirus Infections/veterinary , Ruminants/virology , Blotting, Western/veterinary , Immunoglobulins , Serologic Tests/veterinary
6.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 41(05, supl. 01): 2179-2194, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1501628

ABSTRACT

This study examined the effectiveness of control measures for caprine arthritis-encephalitis in a herd with 431 dairy goats in an intensive rearing system. All animals older than six months were initially tested by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and separated into seropositive and seronegative. Control measures were implemented for two years and ten months. Five serological examinations were subsequently performed—two by AGID and three by the Western Blot (WB) technique. In these tests, animals that tested negative in the previous serological examination were evaluated along with those older than six months which had not yet been examined. The effectiveness of control was evaluated based on the incidence of the disease. Seroconverted animals were stratified according to age, physiological status and dam serology. For the effect of time, logistic regression was performed at the 5% significance level, with values converted into likelihood. General incidence and incidence as a function of age and physiological status were evaluated by analysis of variance, with means compared by Tukey’s test at 5% significance. The ratio test was used for incidence and physiological status, and the agreement between the AGID and WB tests was determined by the Kappa coefficient. Animals that seroconverted and were born to positive dams were compared with those born to dams negative at birth by the Chi-square test, and the same was applied for the number of discarded animals. Initially, 54.24% (179/330) positive and 257 seroconverted animals were identified after the start of control. Higher incidence occurred in the animal saged between 13 and 36 months and in lactating does. Seroconversions among offspring of seropositive dams were higher than in the offspring of seronegative dams (p < 0.001). High infection rates were identified in the sires. The obtained [...].


Avaliou-se a eficácia das medidas de controle para a artrite-encefalite caprina em rebanho com 431 caprinos leiteiros em regime intensivo de criação. Todos os animais com idade superior a seis meses foram inicialmente testados por imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) e soropositivos e soronegativos separados. Durante dois anos e dez meses medidas de controle foram instituídas. Cinco testes sorológicos foram posteriormente realizados, dois por IDGA e três por Western Blot (WB). Nesses testes eram avaliados os animais negativos na sorologia anterior e acrescidos os com mais de seis meses, ainda não avaliados. A eficácia do controle foi avaliada pela incidência da enfermidade. Animais que soroconverteram foram estratificados quanto a idade, estado fisiológico e sorologia das progenitoras. Para o efeito do tempo foi realizado a regressão logística a 5% de significância, convertidos em razão de probabilidades. A incidência geral e incidência em função da idade e estado fisiológico foram avaliadas pela análise variância, comparando as médias pelo teste Tukey a 5 % de significância. O teste de proporções foi utilizado para incidência e estado fisiológico, e a concordância entre os testes IDGA e Wb realizada através do coeficiente Kappa. Os animais que soroconverteram e eram nascidos de progenitoras positivas foram comparados com aqueles de progenitoras negativas ao parto pelo teste de Qui-quadrado, assim como o número de animais descartados. Inicialmente identificou-se 54,24%(179/330) de animais positivos e 257 soroconverteram após início do controle. Incidências maiores ocorreram nos animais entre 13 e 36 meses e nas lactantes. Soroconversões em crias de progenitoras soropositivas foram maiores que nas de progenitoras soronegativas (p < 0,001). Altas taxas de infecção foram identificadas nos reprodutores. Os resultados obtidos não foram satisfatórios, pois as medidas não contribuíram para evitar novos casos, demonstrando que existem momentos de infecção que [...].


Subject(s)
Animals , Arthritis/veterinary , Arthritis/virology , Infection Control/methods , Encephalitis/veterinary , Encephalitis/virology , Lentivirus Infections/epidemiology , Lentivirus Infections/prevention & control , Lentivirus Infections/veterinary , Ruminants/physiology , Ruminants/blood , Communicable Disease Control
7.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 41(05, supl. 01): 2179-2194, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-764794

ABSTRACT

This study examined the effectiveness of control measures for caprine arthritis-encephalitis in a herd with 431 dairy goats in an intensive rearing system. All animals older than six months were initially tested by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and separated into seropositive and seronegative. Control measures were implemented for two years and ten months. Five serological examinations were subsequently performed—two by AGID and three by the Western Blot (WB) technique. In these tests, animals that tested negative in the previous serological examination were evaluated along with those older than six months which had not yet been examined. The effectiveness of control was evaluated based on the incidence of the disease. Seroconverted animals were stratified according to age, physiological status and dam serology. For the effect of time, logistic regression was performed at the 5% significance level, with values converted into likelihood. General incidence and incidence as a function of age and physiological status were evaluated by analysis of variance, with means compared by Tukeys test at 5% significance. The ratio test was used for incidence and physiological status, and the agreement between the AGID and WB tests was determined by the Kappa coefficient. Animals that seroconverted and were born to positive dams were compared with those born to dams negative at birth by the Chi-square test, and the same was applied for the number of discarded animals. Initially, 54.24% (179/330) positive and 257 seroconverted animals were identified after the start of control. Higher incidence occurred in the animal saged between 13 and 36 months and in lactating does. Seroconversions among offspring of seropositive dams were higher than in the offspring of seronegative dams (p < 0.001). High infection rates were identified in the sires. The obtained [...].(AU)


Avaliou-se a eficácia das medidas de controle para a artrite-encefalite caprina em rebanho com 431 caprinos leiteiros em regime intensivo de criação. Todos os animais com idade superior a seis meses foram inicialmente testados por imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) e soropositivos e soronegativos separados. Durante dois anos e dez meses medidas de controle foram instituídas. Cinco testes sorológicos foram posteriormente realizados, dois por IDGA e três por Western Blot (WB). Nesses testes eram avaliados os animais negativos na sorologia anterior e acrescidos os com mais de seis meses, ainda não avaliados. A eficácia do controle foi avaliada pela incidência da enfermidade. Animais que soroconverteram foram estratificados quanto a idade, estado fisiológico e sorologia das progenitoras. Para o efeito do tempo foi realizado a regressão logística a 5% de significância, convertidos em razão de probabilidades. A incidência geral e incidência em função da idade e estado fisiológico foram avaliadas pela análise variância, comparando as médias pelo teste Tukey a 5 % de significância. O teste de proporções foi utilizado para incidência e estado fisiológico, e a concordância entre os testes IDGA e Wb realizada através do coeficiente Kappa. Os animais que soroconverteram e eram nascidos de progenitoras positivas foram comparados com aqueles de progenitoras negativas ao parto pelo teste de Qui-quadrado, assim como o número de animais descartados. Inicialmente identificou-se 54,24%(179/330) de animais positivos e 257 soroconverteram após início do controle. Incidências maiores ocorreram nos animais entre 13 e 36 meses e nas lactantes. Soroconversões em crias de progenitoras soropositivas foram maiores que nas de progenitoras soronegativas (p < 0,001). Altas taxas de infecção foram identificadas nos reprodutores. Os resultados obtidos não foram satisfatórios, pois as medidas não contribuíram para evitar novos casos, demonstrando que existem momentos de infecção que [...].(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Ruminants/blood , Ruminants/physiology , Lentivirus Infections/epidemiology , Lentivirus Infections/veterinary , Lentivirus Infections/prevention & control , Arthritis/veterinary , Arthritis/virology , Encephalitis/veterinary , Encephalitis/virology , Infection Control/methods , Communicable Disease Control
8.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 39(5): 2017-2028, Sept.-Oct. 2018. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-22685

ABSTRACT

The production performance of a livestock herd can be compromised by various diseases. In sheep, maedi-visna (MV) infections, which have a chronic nature, are caused by a virus (maedi-visna virus (MVV)) belonging to the genus Lentivirus of the Retroviridae family. The infection can cause significant economic losses and has considerable health impacts on sheep breeding in production systems. Due to the importance of this disease in sheep flocks, the objective was to conduct a serosurvey of MVV in the states of Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Paraíba (PB), and Sergipe (SE). A total of, 3332 serum samples were collected in the four states, 1011 in CE, 931 in RN, 459 in PB, and 931 in SE, with the number of samples proportional to the actual herd size of each state. The samples were analyzed using the agar gel microimmunodiffusion test (AGID). Reproducers were revaluated using western blotting (WB). In addition to this serological survey, we administered an investigative questionnaire to identify possible risk factors that facilitate the introduction and spread of diseases (location, category, sex, breed type, creation system, production, herd size, and association with goats). After analysis of the sera using the AGID test, there was zero prevalence. Revaluating breeders by WB revealed a 5.5% prevalence of MV in the four states studied, with prevalences for the states of CE, RN, Paraiba, and SE of 2.3% (2/88), 10.4% (8/77), 3.6% (1/28), and 4.7% (2/42), respectively, corresponding to 13 breeders containing antibodies to the virus. These findings emphasized that the choice of diagnostic tests is extremely important for the early detection of seropositive animals and thus the prevention of the spread of the virus among herds in the region.(AU)


O desempenho produtivo de um rebanho pode ser comprometido por diversas enfermidades. Em relação aos ovinos, à ocorrência da Maedi - Visna (MV) doença infecciosa, de caráter crônico, causada por um vírus (Maedi-Visna Vírus MVV) pertencente ao gênero Lentivirus da família Retroviridae. A infecção pode causar importantes perdas econômicas e elevados impactos sanitários nos sistemas de produção da ovinocultura. Em virtude da importância desta enfermidade nos rebanhos ovinos, o objetivo do estudo foi realizar um levantamento soroepidemiológico do vírus da Maedi - Visna (MVV) nos estados do Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Paraíba (PB) e Sergipe (SE). Para tanto, foram coletadas 3332 amostras de sangue nos quatro estados, sendo 1011 do CE, 931 do RN, 459 da PB e 931 de SE, sendo este número de amostras proporcional ao rebanho efetivo de cada estado. As amostras foram analisadas utilizando o teste de microimunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA). Os reprodutores foram reavaliados pela técnica de Western Blot (WB). Associado a esse levantamento sorológico foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para identificar possíveis fatores de risco que podem facilitar a introdução e disseminação de enfermidades (localização, categoria, sexo, tipo racial, sistema de criação, produção, tamanho de rebanho e associação com caprinos). Após análise dos soros pelo teste de IDGA foi verificada uma soroprevalência nula nos rebanhos estudados. Os reprodutores reavaliados pelo WB apresentaram uma prevalência geral de 5,5% da MV nos quatro estados estudados, sendo que os estados do Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba e Sergipe apresentaram, 2,3% (2/88), 10,4% (8/77), 3,6% (1/28) e 4,7% (2/42) respectivamente, correspondendo a 13 reprodutores que apresentaram presença de anticorpos. Diante desses resultados, ressalta-se que a escolha dos testes diagnósticos é de extrema importância para que haja uma detecção precoce de animais soropositivos, e assim evitar a...(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Lentivirus Infections/veterinary , Pneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of Sheep , Sheep/virology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Visna-maedi virus
9.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 48(10): e20180053, 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045006

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to evaluate caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) transmission among sheep using 15 lambs that were distributed in 2 experimental groups. The exposed group consisted of 10 lambs that remained with their mothers, who were experimentally infected with CAEV. The non-exposed group was characterized as the control group and was comprised of 5 lambs that remained with their CAEV-negative mothers. Blood samples were collected monthly from birth until 1 year of life. To evaluate the transmission, an agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID), enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), immunoblotting (IB), and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) techniques were used. The non-exposed group was negative in all of the tests throughout the whole experiment. In the exposed group, 2 individuals had positive nPCR results. Positive nPCR samples were sequenced for comparison with the original goat strains and were shown to be similar to the CAEV-Cork strain. Seroconversion was not detected, and clinical manifestations were not observed. Thus, after 1 year of observation, it was verified that CAEV transmission among sheep is possible; however, with discreet frequency. This was an initial study, and other experiments are needed to analyze the adaptive capacity of the CAEV to remain in an infected sheep flock and cause the disease.


RESUMO: O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a transmissão do vírus da artrite encefalite caprina (CAEV) entre ovinos, utilizando 15 cordeiros, distribuídos em dois grupos experimentais. O grupo exposto foi constituído por 10 cordeiros, mantidos com suas mães, que foram infectadas, experimentalmente, com CAEV. O grupo não exposto caracterizou-se como grupo controle e foi formado por cinco cordeiros, mantidos com suas matrizes, negativas para CAEV. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue mensalmente, do periodo que compreende o nascimento até um ano de vida. Para avaliar a transmissão, foram utilizadas as técnicas de imunodifusão em gel de agarose (IDGA), ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA), immunoblotting (IB) e reação em cadeia da polimerase do tipo nested (nPCR). O grupo não exposto se manteve negativo aos testes durante todo o experimento. Já no grupo exposto, dois indivíduos apresentaram resultados positivos na nPCR. As amostras positivas na nPCR foram sequenciadas para serem comparadas com as cepas originais de caprinos, comprovando se tratar de lentivírus semelhante à cepa CAEV-Cork. A soroconversão não foi detectada e a manifestação clínica não foi observada. Sendo assim, após um ano de observação, verificou-se que a transmissão do CAEV entre ovinos é possível, entretanto, com discreta frequência. Este foi um estudo inicial, e outros experimentos são necessários para analisar a capacidade adaptativa do CAEV de permanecer em rebanho ovino infectado e, com isso, causar doença.

10.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(5): 1459-1467, set.-out. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-947088

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the caprine lentivirus (CLV) in colostrum and milk. This was performed to develop a practical and efficient method of blocking the lactogenic transmission of the virus. In the in vitro experiment, colostrum and milk were treated with 0.25%; 0.50% and 1% SDS. Then, somatic cells of colostrum and milk were submitted to co-culture with caprine synovial membrane cells (CSM). In the in vivo test, goats were fed with colostrum and milk provided from CLV-positive goats treated with SDS in the same concentrations used in the in vitro experiment. Animals were tested by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and Western blot (WB) assays. In the in vitro experiment, inhibitory activity against CLV without inactivation occurred in colostrum with all SDS concentrations. However, concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5% SDS presented only inhibitory activity against CLV in milk cells, and 1% concentration provided inactivation of the virus. In the in vivo tests, none of the three concentrations of SDS was effective in inactivating LVC in colostrum or goat milk, which was confirmed by seroconversion and presence of proviral DNA in animals afterwards.(AU)


O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar in vitro e in vivo o efeito do dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS) sobre o lentivírus caprino (LVC) no colostro e no leite, a fim de desenvolver um método prático e eficiente no bloqueio da via de transmissão lactogênica do vírus. No experimento in vitro, o colostro e o leite de cabras positivas foram tratados com SDS a 0,25%, 0,50% e 1,0%. Em seguida, as células somáticas do colostro e do leite foram obtidas e direcionadas ao cocultivo com células de membrana sinovial caprina (MSC). No teste in vivo, os cabritos foram alimentados com colostro e leite providos de cabras positivas para LVC, tratados com SDS nas mesmas concentrações usadas no teste in vitro. Os animais foram acompanhados pelos testes de reação em cadeia da polimerase nested (nPCR) e western blot (WB). Nos resultados in vitro, no colostro, observou-se que, em todas as concentrações de SDS, ocorreu uma atividade inibitória contra o LVC, sem a inativação. Em relação às células do leite, o SDS apresentou, nas concentrações de 0,25 e 0,5%, atividade inibitória contra o LVC, e na concentração de 1%, houve inativação viral. Nos testes in vivo, as três concentrações de SDS testadas não foram efetivas na inativação do LVC no colostro e no leite caprino, o que se comprovou pela soroconversão e pela presença de DNA proviral nos animais.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Colostrum/chemistry , Lentiviruses, Ovine-Caprine , Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/analysis
11.
Ci. Rural ; 48(10): e20180053, 2018. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-738563

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to evaluate caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) transmission among sheep using 15 lambs that were distributed in 2 experimental groups. The exposed group consisted of 10 lambs that remained with their mothers, who were experimentally infected with CAEV. The non-exposed group was characterized as the control group and was comprised of 5 lambs that remained with their CAEV-negative mothers. Blood samples were collected monthly from birth until 1 year of life. To evaluate the transmission, an agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID), enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), immunoblotting (IB), and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) techniques were used. The non-exposed group was negative in all of the tests throughout the whole experiment. In the exposed group, 2 individuals had positive nPCR results. Positive nPCR samples were sequenced for comparison with the original goat strains and were shown to be similar to the CAEV-Cork strain. Seroconversion was not detected, and clinical manifestations were not observed. Thus, after 1 year of observation, it was verified that CAEV transmission among sheep is possible; however, with discreet frequency. This was an initial study, and other experiments are needed to analyze the adaptive capacity of the CAEV to remain in an infected sheep flock and cause the disease.(AU)


O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a transmissão do vírus da artrite encefalite caprina (CAEV) entre ovinos, utilizando 15 cordeiros, distribuídos em dois grupos experimentais. O grupo exposto foi constituído por 10 cordeiros, mantidos com suas mães, que foram infectadas, experimentalmente, com CAEV. O grupo não exposto caracterizou-se como grupo controle e foi formado por cinco cordeiros, mantidos com suas matrizes, negativas para CAEV. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue mensalmente, do periodo que compreende o nascimento até um ano de vida. Para avaliar a transmissão, foram utilizadas as técnicas de imunodifusão em gel de agarose (IDGA), ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA), immunoblotting (IB) e reação em cadeia da polimerase do tipo nested (nPCR). O grupo não exposto se manteve negativo aos testes durante todo o experimento. Já no grupo exposto, dois indivíduos apresentaram resultados positivos na nPCR. As amostras positivas na nPCR foram sequenciadas para serem comparadas com as cepas originais de caprinos, comprovando se tratar de lentivírus semelhante à cepa CAEV-Cork. A soroconversão não foi detectada e a manifestação clínica não foi observada. Sendo assim, após um ano de observação, verificou-se que a transmissão do CAEV entre ovinos é possível, entretanto, com discreta frequência. Este foi um estudo inicial, e outros experimentos são necessários para analisar a capacidade adaptativa do CAEV de permanecer em rebanho ovino infectado e, com isso, causar doença.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine , Lentivirus Infections/transmission , Lentivirus Infections/veterinary , Sheep , Visna-maedi virus , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Immunoblotting/veterinary
12.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 39(5): 2017-2028, 2018. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1501241

ABSTRACT

The production performance of a livestock herd can be compromised by various diseases. In sheep, maedi-visna (MV) infections, which have a chronic nature, are caused by a virus (maedi-visna virus (MVV)) belonging to the genus Lentivirus of the Retroviridae family. The infection can cause significant economic losses and has considerable health impacts on sheep breeding in production systems. Due to the importance of this disease in sheep flocks, the objective was to conduct a serosurvey of MVV in the states of Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Paraíba (PB), and Sergipe (SE). A total of, 3332 serum samples were collected in the four states, 1011 in CE, 931 in RN, 459 in PB, and 931 in SE, with the number of samples proportional to the actual herd size of each state. The samples were analyzed using the agar gel microimmunodiffusion test (AGID). Reproducers were revaluated using western blotting (WB). In addition to this serological survey, we administered an investigative questionnaire to identify possible risk factors that facilitate the introduction and spread of diseases (location, category, sex, breed type, creation system, production, herd size, and association with goats). After analysis of the sera using the AGID test, there was zero prevalence. Revaluating breeders by WB revealed a 5.5% prevalence of MV in the four states studied, with prevalences for the states of CE, RN, Paraiba, and SE of 2.3% (2/88), 10.4% (8/77), 3.6% (1/28), and 4.7% (2/42), respectively, corresponding to 13 breeders containing antibodies to the virus. These findings emphasized that the choice of diagnostic tests is extremely important for the early detection of seropositive animals and thus the prevention of the spread of the virus among herds in the region.


O desempenho produtivo de um rebanho pode ser comprometido por diversas enfermidades. Em relação aos ovinos, à ocorrência da Maedi - Visna (MV) doença infecciosa, de caráter crônico, causada por um vírus (Maedi-Visna Vírus MVV) pertencente ao gênero Lentivirus da família Retroviridae. A infecção pode causar importantes perdas econômicas e elevados impactos sanitários nos sistemas de produção da ovinocultura. Em virtude da importância desta enfermidade nos rebanhos ovinos, o objetivo do estudo foi realizar um levantamento soroepidemiológico do vírus da Maedi - Visna (MVV) nos estados do Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Paraíba (PB) e Sergipe (SE). Para tanto, foram coletadas 3332 amostras de sangue nos quatro estados, sendo 1011 do CE, 931 do RN, 459 da PB e 931 de SE, sendo este número de amostras proporcional ao rebanho efetivo de cada estado. As amostras foram analisadas utilizando o teste de microimunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA). Os reprodutores foram reavaliados pela técnica de Western Blot (WB). Associado a esse levantamento sorológico foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para identificar possíveis fatores de risco que podem facilitar a introdução e disseminação de enfermidades (localização, categoria, sexo, tipo racial, sistema de criação, produção, tamanho de rebanho e associação com caprinos). Após análise dos soros pelo teste de IDGA foi verificada uma soroprevalência nula nos rebanhos estudados. Os reprodutores reavaliados pelo WB apresentaram uma prevalência geral de 5,5% da MV nos quatro estados estudados, sendo que os estados do Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba e Sergipe apresentaram, 2,3% (2/88), 10,4% (8/77), 3,6% (1/28) e 4,7% (2/42) respectivamente, correspondendo a 13 reprodutores que apresentaram presença de anticorpos. Diante desses resultados, ressalta-se que a escolha dos testes diagnósticos é de extrema importância para que haja uma detecção precoce de animais soropositivos, e assim evitar a...


Subject(s)
Animals , Lentivirus Infections/veterinary , Pneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of Sheep , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Sheep/virology , Visna-maedi virus
13.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(5): 1459-1467, set.-out. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-20492

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the caprine lentivirus (CLV) in colostrum and milk. This was performed to develop a practical and efficient method of blocking the lactogenic transmission of the virus. In the in vitro experiment, colostrum and milk were treated with 0.25%; 0.50% and 1% SDS. Then, somatic cells of colostrum and milk were submitted to co-culture with caprine synovial membrane cells (CSM). In the in vivo test, goats were fed with colostrum and milk provided from CLV-positive goats treated with SDS in the same concentrations used in the in vitro experiment. Animals were tested by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and Western blot (WB) assays. In the in vitro experiment, inhibitory activity against CLV without inactivation occurred in colostrum with all SDS concentrations. However, concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5% SDS presented only inhibitory activity against CLV in milk cells, and 1% concentration provided inactivation of the virus. In the in vivo tests, none of the three concentrations of SDS was effective in inactivating LVC in colostrum or goat milk, which was confirmed by seroconversion and presence of proviral DNA in animals afterwards.(AU)


O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar in vitro e in vivo o efeito do dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS) sobre o lentivírus caprino (LVC) no colostro e no leite, a fim de desenvolver um método prático e eficiente no bloqueio da via de transmissão lactogênica do vírus. No experimento in vitro, o colostro e o leite de cabras positivas foram tratados com SDS a 0,25%, 0,50% e 1,0%. Em seguida, as células somáticas do colostro e do leite foram obtidas e direcionadas ao cocultivo com células de membrana sinovial caprina (MSC). No teste in vivo, os cabritos foram alimentados com colostro e leite providos de cabras positivas para LVC, tratados com SDS nas mesmas concentrações usadas no teste in vitro. Os animais foram acompanhados pelos testes de reação em cadeia da polimerase nested (nPCR) e western blot (WB). Nos resultados in vitro, no colostro, observou-se que, em todas as concentrações de SDS, ocorreu uma atividade inibitória contra o LVC, sem a inativação. Em relação às células do leite, o SDS apresentou, nas concentrações de 0,25 e 0,5%, atividade inibitória contra o LVC, e na concentração de 1%, houve inativação viral. Nos testes in vivo, as três concentrações de SDS testadas não foram efetivas na inativação do LVC no colostro e no leite caprino, o que se comprovou pela soroconversão e pela presença de DNA proviral nos animais.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Colostrum/chemistry , Lentiviruses, Ovine-Caprine , Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/analysis
14.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online);69(2): 391-397, mar.-abr. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-833836

ABSTRACT

With the objective of detecting the presence of caprine lentivirus (CLV) in ewe milk and in ram semen, ten matrixes and four reproducers experimentally infected with CLV were used. Samples of ewe milk were collected during the four months of lactation, five collections per animal, totaling 50 samples. Regarding the rams, eight semen collections were made per animal, during one year of experimentation, totaling 32 samples. The milk and semen samples were submitted to DNA extraction and the nested polymerase chain reaction test (nPCR) to detect CLV proviral DNA. Eight (16%) of the milk samples were positive in nPCR originating from two ewes. Only one (3.12%) semen sample was positive. The amplification products were sequenced, and were confirmed to be a CLV genomic sequence. Thus, the presence of CLV proviral DNA in sheep milk and semen was demonstrated, confirming the feasibility of infection between species, and alerting to the risk of spreading infections.(AU)


Com o objetivo de detectar a presença do lentivírus caprino (LVC) no leite de ovelhas e no sêmen de carneiros, utilizaram-se 10 matrizes e quatro reprodutores infectados experimentalmente com o LVC. Foram coletadas amostras de leite das ovelhas durante os quatro meses de lactação, ocorrendo cinco coletas por animal, totalizando 50 amostras. Quanto aos carneiros, realizaram-se oito coletas de sêmen por animal, durante um ano de experimentação, totalizando 32 amostras. As amostras de leite e de sêmen foram submetidas à extração de DNA e à prova de reação em cadeia da polimerase do tipo nested (nPCR) visando à detecção de DNA proviral do LVC. Oito (16%) amostras de leite foram positivas na nPCR oriundas de duas ovelhas. Apenas uma (3,12%) amostra de sêmen apresentou positividade. Produtos da amplificação foram sequenciados, confirmando-se tratar de sequência genômica do LVC. Dessa forma, demonstrou-se a presença do DNA proviral do LVC em leite e sêmen de ovinos, confirmando a viabilidade da infecção entre espécies e, assim, alertando sobre o risco de que a infecção seja disseminada.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Lentivirus/isolation & purification , Milk/virology , Ruminants/virology , Semen/virology , Disease Transmission, Infectious/veterinary , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 69(2): 391-397, mar.-abr. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-16628

ABSTRACT

With the objective of detecting the presence of caprine lentivirus (CLV) in ewe milk and in ram semen, ten matrixes and four reproducers experimentally infected with CLV were used. Samples of ewe milk were collected during the four months of lactation, five collections per animal, totaling 50 samples. Regarding the rams, eight semen collections were made per animal, during one year of experimentation, totaling 32 samples. The milk and semen samples were submitted to DNA extraction and the nested polymerase chain reaction test (nPCR) to detect CLV proviral DNA. Eight (16%) of the milk samples were positive in nPCR originating from two ewes. Only one (3.12%) semen sample was positive. The amplification products were sequenced, and were confirmed to be a CLV genomic sequence. Thus, the presence of CLV proviral DNA in sheep milk and semen was demonstrated, confirming the feasibility of infection between species, and alerting to the risk of spreading infections.(AU)


Com o objetivo de detectar a presença do lentivírus caprino (LVC) no leite de ovelhas e no sêmen de carneiros, utilizaram-se 10 matrizes e quatro reprodutores infectados experimentalmente com o LVC. Foram coletadas amostras de leite das ovelhas durante os quatro meses de lactação, ocorrendo cinco coletas por animal, totalizando 50 amostras. Quanto aos carneiros, realizaram-se oito coletas de sêmen por animal, durante um ano de experimentação, totalizando 32 amostras. As amostras de leite e de sêmen foram submetidas à extração de DNA e à prova de reação em cadeia da polimerase do tipo nested (nPCR) visando à detecção de DNA proviral do LVC. Oito (16%) amostras de leite foram positivas na nPCR oriundas de duas ovelhas. Apenas uma (3,12%) amostra de sêmen apresentou positividade. Produtos da amplificação foram sequenciados, confirmando-se tratar de sequência genômica do LVC. Dessa forma, demonstrou-se a presença do DNA proviral do LVC em leite e sêmen de ovinos, confirmando a viabilidade da infecção entre espécies e, assim, alertando sobre o risco de que a infecção seja disseminada.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Lentivirus/isolation & purification , Milk/virology , Semen/virology , Ruminants/virology , Disease Transmission, Infectious/veterinary , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
16.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 84: e0552016, 2017. mapas
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-887857

ABSTRACT

Small ruminant lentiviruses, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, and Maedi-Visna virus cause diseases that result in significant productive losses, mostly in dairy animals. These viruses belong to the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus, and constitute a heterogeneous group, which may generate implications for the diagnosis and control of small ruminant lentiviruses. Losses caused by them are associated with reproductive failure, short productive life, and decreased milk production by the infected animals. In addition, these viruses may reduce milk quality, affecting the production of dairy products such as cheese. Small ruminant lentiviruses lead to indirect losses, decreasing herd value and forcing the development of epidemiological trade barriers for animal germplasm. Control of small ruminant lentiviruses is important to promote optimal milk production and to reduce costs with medicine and technical assistance. This control may vary in caprine and ovine populations of each country, according to seroprevalence, variety of breeds, and peculiarities of the practiced management.(AU)


Os lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes, o vírus da artrite encefalite caprina e o vírus Maedi-Visna causam enfermidades que ocasionam perdas produtivas significativas, principalmente em animais com aptidão leiteira. Esses vírus pertencem à família Retroviridae e ao gênero Lentivirus e formam um grupo genético heterogêneo, o que pode ocasionar implicações para o diagnóstico e o controle dos lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes. As perdas causadas pelos lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes estão relacionadas com falhas reprodutivas, vida produtiva curta e diminuição da produção leiteira dos animais infectados. Além disso, esses vírus podem promover a redução da qualidade do leite, afetando a produção de laticínios, tal como o queijo. Os lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes levam a perdas indiretas, reduzindo o valor dos rebanhos e forçando o desenvolvimento de barreiras comerciais epidemiológicas para germoplasma animal. O controle dos lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes é importante para promover uma maior produção de leite e reduzir os custos com medicamentos e assistência técnica. Esse controle pode variar de acordo com a população caprina e ovina de cada país em termos de soroprevalência, variedade de raças e particularidades do manejo adotado.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Ruminants , Visna-maedi virus , Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine , Lentivirus , Milk , Agribusiness
17.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 84: 1-10, 2017. map
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1462473

ABSTRACT

Small ruminant lentiviruses, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, and Maedi-Visna virus cause diseases that result in significant productive losses, mostly in dairy animals. These viruses belong to the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus, and constitute a heterogeneous group, which may generate implications for the diagnosis and control of small ruminant lentiviruses. Losses caused by them are associated with reproductive failure, short productive life, and decreased milk production by the infected animals. In addition, these viruses may reduce milk quality, affecting the production of dairy products such as cheese. Small ruminant lentiviruses lead to indirect losses, decreasing herd value and forcing the development of epidemiological trade barriers for animal germplasm. Control of small ruminant lentiviruses is important to promote optimal milk production and to reduce costs with medicine and technical assistance. This control may vary in caprine and ovine populations of each country, according to seroprevalence, variety of breeds, and peculiarities of the practiced management.


Os lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes, o vírus da artrite encefalite caprina e o vírus Maedi-Visna causam enfermidades que ocasionam perdas produtivas significativas, principalmente em animais com aptidão leiteira. Esses vírus pertencem à família Retroviridae e ao gênero Lentivirus e formam um grupo genético heterogêneo, o que pode ocasionar implicações para o diagnóstico e o controle dos lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes. As perdas causadas pelos lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes estão relacionadas com falhas reprodutivas, vida produtiva curta e diminuição da produção leiteira dos animais infectados. Além disso, esses vírus podem promover a redução da qualidade do leite, afetando a produção de laticínios, tal como o queijo. Os lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes levam a perdas indiretas, reduzindo o valor dos rebanhos e forçando o desenvolvimento de barreiras comerciais epidemiológicas para germoplasma animal. O controle dos lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes é importante para promover uma maior produção de leite e reduzir os custos com medicamentos e assistência técnica. Esse controle pode variar de acordo com a população caprina e ovina de cada país em termos de soroprevalência, variedade de raças e particularidades do manejo adotado.


Subject(s)
Animals , Lentivirus , Ruminants , Visna-maedi virus , Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine , Agribusiness , Milk
18.
Arq. Inst. Biol. ; 84: 1-10, 2017. mapas
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-18243

ABSTRACT

Small ruminant lentiviruses, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, and Maedi-Visna virus cause diseases that result in significant productive losses, mostly in dairy animals. These viruses belong to the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus, and constitute a heterogeneous group, which may generate implications for the diagnosis and control of small ruminant lentiviruses. Losses caused by them are associated with reproductive failure, short productive life, and decreased milk production by the infected animals. In addition, these viruses may reduce milk quality, affecting the production of dairy products such as cheese. Small ruminant lentiviruses lead to indirect losses, decreasing herd value and forcing the development of epidemiological trade barriers for animal germplasm. Control of small ruminant lentiviruses is important to promote optimal milk production and to reduce costs with medicine and technical assistance. This control may vary in caprine and ovine populations of each country, according to seroprevalence, variety of breeds, and peculiarities of the practiced management.(AU)


Os lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes, o vírus da artrite encefalite caprina e o vírus Maedi-Visna causam enfermidades que ocasionam perdas produtivas significativas, principalmente em animais com aptidão leiteira. Esses vírus pertencem à família Retroviridae e ao gênero Lentivirus e formam um grupo genético heterogêneo, o que pode ocasionar implicações para o diagnóstico e o controle dos lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes. As perdas causadas pelos lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes estão relacionadas com falhas reprodutivas, vida produtiva curta e diminuição da produção leiteira dos animais infectados. Além disso, esses vírus podem promover a redução da qualidade do leite, afetando a produção de laticínios, tal como o queijo. Os lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes levam a perdas indiretas, reduzindo o valor dos rebanhos e forçando o desenvolvimento de barreiras comerciais epidemiológicas para germoplasma animal. O controle dos lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes é importante para promover uma maior produção de leite e reduzir os custos com medicamentos e assistência técnica. Esse controle pode variar de acordo com a população caprina e ovina de cada país em termos de soroprevalência, variedade de raças e particularidades do manejo adotado.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Lentivirus , Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine , Visna-maedi virus , Ruminants , Milk , Agribusiness
19.
Theriogenology ; 86(8): 1953-1957.e1, 2016 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27461580

ABSTRACT

The transmission frequency of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) through the placenta is controversial and may be associated with breed susceptibility. In Mexico, SRLV infections in sheep have been poorly studied. This work explores the presence of antibodies and proviral DNA in Mexican Pelibuey sheep. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs; three commercial kits and two on the basis of synthetic peptides) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR; amplifying the long terminal repeat and gag segments) were performed to diagnose SRLV infection in 25 adult Pelibuey ewes with an average age of 2.5 years and 32 fetuses with gestational ages ranging from 40 to 90 days without clinical signs of SRLV. Two of the three commercial ELISAs and the synthetic peptide-based ones were positive for SRLV antibody detection in 28% and 24% of the ewes, respectively, whereas none of the fetuses were positive by any of the ELISAs. By PCR, 31% of the ewes and, interestingly, two fetuses were positive. Characteristic SRLV lesions were not found in the fetal and/or ewe tissues, including those with positive PCR results. These findings demonstrate the susceptibility of Pelibuey sheep to SRLV infection and the low transmission frequency through the placenta.


Subject(s)
Lentivirus Infections/veterinary , Lentiviruses, Ovine-Caprine/isolation & purification , Sheep Diseases/virology , Animals , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Female , Lentivirus Infections/epidemiology , Lentivirus Infections/virology , Lentiviruses, Ovine-Caprine/classification , Mexico/epidemiology , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/epidemiology
20.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 83: e0462015, 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1006868

ABSTRACT

A soroprevalência da infecção por lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (LVPR) foi determinada em amostras de soros sanguíneos de caprinos e ovinos de aptidão cárnea provenientes de abatedouros de dez municípios do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. O diagnóstico sorológico ocorreu por meio da imunodifusão em gel de agarose (micro-IDGA) com antígenos dos vírus artrite encefalite caprina (CAE)/Maedi-Visna. Entre as 369 amostras de caprinos, 7(1,89%) (0,8-3,9%) eram soropositivas, e, entre as 383 de ovinos, 1 (0,26%) (0,0-1,4%) estava infectada. Os 7 caprinos soropositivos procederam dos abatedouros públicos dos municípios de Gravatá (n=2), Sertânia (n=4) e Timbaúba (n=1), e o ovino soropositivo veio do abatedouro público de Serra Talhada. A soroprevalência da infecção por LVPR em pequenos ruminantes oriundos de abatedouros do estado de Pernambuco, de 1,06% (8/752), é considerada baixa.(AU)


The prevalence of lentivirus infection of small ruminants (LVPR) was determined in samples of serum from goats and sheep in slaughterhouses from ten districts of Pernambuco State. The serological test was used in agarose gel immunodiffusion (AGID) with antigen caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus (CAE)/Maedi Visna virus. Among the 369 blood serum samples of goats examined, seven (1.89%) (0.8-3.9%) were seropositive, and among the 383 sheep samples examined, just one (0.26%) (0.0-1.4%) was infected. The seven seropositive goats came from public slaughterhouses from Gravatá (n=2), Sertânia (n=4) and Timbaúba (n=1), and the soropositive sheep was from a public slaughterhouse of Serra Talhada. The soroprevalence of LVPR infection in small ruminants from Pernambuco's slaughterhouses, of 1.06% (8/752), is considered low.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Ruminants , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Visna-maedi virus , Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine , Lentivirus , Sheep
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