Preemptive caudal anesthesia on back pain after lumbar discectomy: a randomized and controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: In this randomized and prospective research, we aimed to relieve surgical and muscle-related pain early after lumbar disc operations with caudal preemptive analgesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 patients with single-level lumbar disc herniation were included in this study. The caudal epidural injection was performed for all patients 20 min before surgery. The patients were divided into three groups. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or tramadol use were recorded. Pre-operative and post-operative pain was interpreted through a visual analog scale. RESULTS: There was a difference between the groups in all post-operative measurements (p < 0.05), between Group 1 and Group 3, and between Group 2 and Group 3. A statistical significance has been achieved between the groups at the 1st h, 2nd h, 4th h, and 24th h (p < 0.05). The difference between the pain intensities of the patients at the 24th h and the 1st week was statistically significant in Groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). Evaluation of the effects of medical treatments reduced the severity of back pain and foot pain. CONCLUSION: The preemptive bupivacaine or in combination with methylprednisolone caudal injection is an effective and safe method to reduce post-operative pain and ameliorate functional capacity for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.

OBJETIVO: En esta investigación prospectiva aleatorizada, nuestro objetivo fue aliviar el dolor quirúrgico y muscular temprano después de las operaciones de disco lumbar con analgesia preventiva caudal. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: en este estudio se incluyeron un total de 120 pacientes con hernia de disco lumbar de un solo nivel. La inyección epidural caudal se realizó para todos los pacientes 20 minutos antes de la cirugía. Los pacientes fueron divididos en tres grupos. Se registró el uso de AINE o tramadol. El dolor preoperatorio y postoperatorio se interpretó a través de una escala analógica visual. RESULTADOS: Hubo diferencia entre los grupos en todas las medidas postoperatorias (p < 0.05), entre el grupo 1 y el grupo 3, y entre el grupo 2 y el grupo 3. Se ha logrado una significación estadística entre los grupos a la 1a hora, 2a hora, 4 y 24 horas (p < 0.05). La diferencia entre las intensidades de dolor de los pacientes a la hora 24 y la primera semana fue estadísticamente significativa en los Grupos 1 y 2 (p < 0.05). La evaluación de los efectos de los tratamientos médicos redujo la gravedad del dolor de espalda y de pie. CONCLUSIÓN: La bupivacaína preventiva, o en combinación con la inyección caudal de metilprednisolona, es un método eficaz y seguro para reducir el dolor posoperatorio y mejorar la capacidad funcional para el tratamiento de la hernia de disco lumbar.

Plasma rico en plaqueta en el tratamiento de la enfermedad degenerativa discal / Platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of degenerative disc disease

Introducción: La enfermedad degenerativa discal es una entidad frecuente y uno de los principales motivos de consulta. Genera altas tasas de discapacidad, años útiles perdidos, así como altos costos económicos por asistencia médica y grandes pérdidas monetarias. Su tratamiento es generalmente conservador, aunque en la actualidad se incluyen terapias biológicas novedosas. Objetivo: Describir las principales propiedades biológicas que hacen del plasma rico en plaquetas una terapéutica efectiva para la enfermedad degenerativa discal. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión no sistemática de la bibliografía basada en artículos que se publicaron en bases de datos indexadas en Infomed como Hinari, Ebsco, Scielo, Pubmed, Cubmed, Cocrhane, Scopus, LILACS; en idioma español, inglés y portugués, durante los últimos diez años. Desarrollo: Se expusieron características clínico epidemiológicas de la enfermedad degenerativa discal, así como las propiedades biológicas que le permiten al plasma rico en plaqueta tener una función activa en la regeneración del disco intervertebral o el retraso de la cascada de degradación de este. Se resaltan los principales estudios de acuerdo a la vía de administración del plasma rico en plaquetas y sus resultados. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con lo publicado por los autores, el plasma rico en plaquetas es una alternativa efectiva en el tratamiento de la enfermedad degenerativa discal por la producción de factores derivados de las plaquetas, que intervienen en la degeneración del disco intervertebral, siendo la vía intradiscal la que más se emplea(AU)

Introduction: Degenerative disc disease is a frequent condition and one of the main reasons to attend the consultation. It generates high rates of disability, useful years lost, as well as high economic costs for medical assistance and large monetary losses. Its treatment is generally conservative, although novel biological therapies are currently included. Objective: To describe the main biological properties that make platelet-rich plasma an effective therapy against degenerative disc disease. Methods: A nonsystematic review of the bibliography was carried out based on articles published, during the last ten years, in databases indexed in Infomed, such as Hinari, Ebsco, Scielo, Pubmed, Cubmed, Cocrhane, Scopus, and LILACS, in Spanish, English and Portuguese. Development: Clinical-epidemiological characteristics of degenerative disc disease were presented, as well as the biological properties that allow platelet-rich plasma to have an active function in the regeneration of the intervertebral disc or the delay of its degradation cascade. The main studies are highlighted, according to the route of administration of platelet-rich plasma and their results. Conclusions: According to what has been published by authors, platelet-rich plasma is an effective alternative in the treatment of degenerative disc disease, due to the production of factors derived from platelets, which intervene in the degeneration of the intervertebral disc, being the intradiscal pathway the most used(AU)

Microdiscectomia lombar: acessos interlaminar e intertransverso com uso de afastador de Caspar tubular cilíndrico e dreno de Penrose como auxiliar no afastamento da musculatura ­ estudo de 502 casos / Lumbar Microdiscectomy: Interlaminar and Intertransverso Access using Tubular Retractor Caspar Cylindrical and Penrose Drain as an Aid in Muscular Retraction ­ Study of 502 Cases

Os autores fazem uma revisão da literatura abordando conhecimentos neuroanatômicos da raiz e do gânglio da raiz dorsal. Descrevem a técnica para os acessos interlaminar e intertransverso com o uso de afastador de Caspar tubular cilíndrico e dreno de Penrose como auxiliares no afastamento da musculatura. Basearam-se em 502 casos operados em 25 anos. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever uma técnica com incisão pequena na pele, baixa agressividade para as estruturas anatômicas, sem perda funcional da musculatura paravertebral, campo cirúrgico amplo, facilidade de execução com as duas mãos, alta hospitalar precoce em torno de 24 horas e baixo custo.

The authors review the literature addressing neuro-anatomical knowledge of the root and root ganglion dorsal. Describe the technique for the interlaminar and intertransverso access using tubular retractor Caspar cylindrical Penrose drain as an aid in muscular retraction. Based-seem 502 cases operated in 25 years. The objective of this paper is to describe a technique with small skin incision, low aggressiveness anatomical structures without functional loss of paraspinal musculature, broad surgical field, easy work with both hands, high early hospital about 24 hours and low cost.

O tratamento de pacientes com fibrose epidural pela reeducação postural global - RPG / Treatment of patients with epidural fibrosis withglobal postural reeducation - GPR

Muitos pacientes têm convivido com a fibrose epidural no pós-operatório de hérnia de disco lombar, doença que pode contribuir para o afastamento destes pacientes de suas atividades da vida profissional, além de interferir em outros aspectos de suas vidas, impossibilitando-as de desenvolver suas atividades habituais, em decorrência do desconforto produzido pela dor. Este trabalho teve como objetivo esclarecer a importância da fisioterapia no tratamento desta doença e mostrar a eficácia da Reeducação Postural Global (RPG), para amenizar a dor, propiciando uma melhor qualidade de vida para estes pacientes. Este trabalho foi realizado no Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto da UFRJ, no ambulatório de fisioterapia. Fizeram parte deste estudo 18 pacientes de ambos os sexos, com fibrose epidural comprovada por ressonância magnética (RM). Todos os pacientes responderam ao Questionário de Dor e Incapacidade Lombar de Roland-Morris, e foram avaliados por uma Escala Visual Analógica (EVA). Essas medidas de avaliação de dor foram utilizadas sempre no momento inicial do tratamento, durante as sessões de RPG. Foram realizadas 15 sessões de RPG. Todos os pacientes envolvidos no trabalho concordaram em participar do programa proposto mediante préinformação e livre consentimento. Após o término do tratamento os pacientes foram reavaliados em um período de três e seis meses.

Many patients have been living with epidural fibrosis during the postoperative of lumbar disc hernia, a kind of disorder that take the patients away from their professional activities, and also away from other aspects of their lives. It impairs their daily activities due to the discomfort produced by the pain. This work has an objective of clarifying the importance of the Physiotherapy for the treatment of this disorder, and to show the efficacy of the Global Postural Reeducation (GPR) to diminish the pain, giving to these patients a better quality of life. This work was performed in Deolindo Couto Neurology Institute û UFRJ, at the Physiotherapy Clinic. Eighteen patients, of both sexes, were included in this study, with epidural fibrosis seen by Magnetic Resonance. All patients answered to the Questionnaire of Pain and Lumbar Incapacity of Roland-Morris, and were also evaluated by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). These methods of pain evaluation were always used on the time of initial treatment, during GPR sessions. All patients involved in the work agreed in participating of the program, by preinformation and free assent. After the treatment, the patients were reevaluated after a three and six month's period.