ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) have gained increasing attention in recent years due multiple high-profile events. MCI preparedness improves the outcomes of trauma victims, both in the hospital and prehospital settings. Yet most MCI protocols are designed for high-income countries, even though the burden of mass casualty incidents is greater in low-resource settings. RESULTS: Hôpital Universitaire de Mirebalais (HUM), a 300-bed academic teaching hospital in central Haiti, developed MCI protocols in an iterative process after a large MCI in 2014. Frequent MCIs from road traffic collisions allowed protocol refinement over time. HUM's protocols outline communication plans, triage, schematics for reorganization of the emergency department, clear delineation of human resources, patient identification systems, supply chain solutions, and security measures for MCIs. Given limited resources, protocol components are all low-cost or cost-neutral. Unique adaptations include the use of 1) social messaging for communication, 2) mass casualty carts for rapid deployment of supplies, and 3) stickers for patient identification, templated orders, and communication between providers. CONCLUSION: These low-cost solutions facilitate a systematic response to MCIs in a resource-limited environment and help providers focus on patient care. These interventions were well received by staff and are a potential model for other hospitals in similar settings.
Subject(s)
Disaster Planning , Mass Casualty Incidents , Disaster Planning/methods , Emergency Service, Hospital , Haiti , Humans , Triage/methodsABSTRACT
This statement responds to the public health challenges in Puerto Rico in the wake of Hurricane Maria during September 2017. As a result of Maria, and to a certain extent Hurricane Irma, the territory sustained unprecedented damage. We call for a mid- and long-term public health response and research to assess the long-term impacts of high-impact weather events, such as Maria's effects on Puerto Rico, including impacts on vulnerable populations' environmental health and well-being.
Subject(s)
Cyclonic Storms/statistics & numerical data , Public Health/standards , Financing, Government/standards , Financing, Government/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Public Health/trends , Puerto RicoABSTRACT
Objetivo descrever a aplicabilidade de uma simulação realística de incidentes com múltiplas vítimas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem na enfermagem. Método estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa que envolveu uma simulação realística. Participaram da simulação 250 pessoas, sendo incluídos no estudo 30 acadêmicos de enfermagem. Para a coleta de dados, aplicou-se um questionário para analisar a experiência acadêmica com simulação e paciente simulado. Resultados a maioria (80%) dos alunos não vivenciou experiência anterior com simulação e 53,3% concordaram que houve integração entre medicina e enfermagem durante a simulação. Para 66,7% dos graduandos foi possível colocar seu conhecimento em prática, havendo contribuição para melhora do raciocínio clínico e sobre as condutas realizadas. Conclusão a utilização da simulação realística na graduação de enfermagem é uma estratégia metodológica que contribui para o aprendizado e possibilita aos acadêmicos vivenciarem situações do seu futuro ambiente profissional.
Objetivo describir la aplicabilidad de una simulación realista de incidentes con múltiples víctimas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en enfermería. Método estudio descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativo, utilizándose una simulación realista. Participaron 250 personas en la simulación, siendo incluidos en el estudio, 30 estudiantes de enfermería. Para la recolección de datos, se aplicó un cuestionario para analizar la experiencia académica con la simulación y el paciente simulado. Resultados la mayoría (80%) de los estudiantes tenía experiencia anterior con la simulación y el 53,3% estuvo de acuerdo en que hay integración entre medicina y enfermería durante la simulación. Para el 66,7% de los estudiantes, fue posible poner sus conocimientos en práctica, contribuyendo a la mejora del razonamiento clínico y comportamientos. Conclusión el uso de la simulación realista en la graduación en enfermería es una estrategia metodológica que contribuye al aprendizaje y permite a los estudiantes experimentar situaciones de su futuro entorno profesional.
Objective to describe the applicability of a realistic simulation of incidents involving multiple victims in the nursing teaching-learning process. Method descriptive study with quantitative approach involving a realistic simulation. The participants were 250 persons, including 30 nursing students. For data collection, a questionnaire was applied to analyze the academic experience with simulation and simulated patient. Results most (80%) students had previous experience with simulation and 53.3% agreed that there is integration between medicine and nursing during the simulation. For 66.7% of the students, it allowed putting their knowledge into practice, contributing to improvement of clinical reasoning and behaviors. Conclusion the use of realistic simulation in undergraduate nursing is a methodological strategy that contributes to the learning and allows students experience situations of their future professional environment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Emergency Nursing , Mass Casualty Incidents , Simulation Training , Students, Nursing , Education, NursingABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: descrever estratégia de ensino a partir da simulação de Incidente de Múltiplas Vítimas (IMV), discutindo e avaliando a atuação dos discentes envolvidos no atendimento inicial às vítimas de trauma. Métodos: estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa que contemplou a execução de uma simulação realística de IMV, envolvendo discentes, docentes dos Cursos de Medicina e de Enfermagem, além de profissionais do atendimento pré-hospitalar. Resultados: a partir da análise de 17 checklists, foi possível perceber que a classificação segundo o método START (Simple Triage And Rapid Treatment) aconteceu de forma correta em 94,1% dos atendimentos. Seguindo a avaliação primária com o mnemônico ABCDE, todas as etapas foram realizadas de forma correta em 70%. Contudo, só houve oferta de oxigênio em alto fluxo em 64,7% dos atendimentos. A pesquisa por fontes de sangramento visíveis e ocultas foi realizada em 70,6% dos atendimentos. A avaliação neurológica com a escala de coma de Glasgow e avaliação pupilar ocorreu em 70,6% das vítimas. A exposição da vítima foi realizada em 70,6% dos atendimentos. Conclusão: ambientes simulados permitem a consolidação e o aperfeiçoamento de competências e habilidades profissionais, principalmente quando se trata de uma área pouco treinada na graduação, como o IMV. O treinamento precoce e o atendimento em equipe estimulam o raciocínio clínico, a integração e a comunicação, aspectos essenciais diante de situações caóticas.
ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the teaching strategy based on the Multiple Victims Incident (MVI) simulation, discussing and evaluating the performance of the students involved in the initial care of trauma victims. Methods: a cross-sectional, and quantitative study was performed. A realistic MVI simulation involving students, and professionals from nursery and medical schools, as well as a prehospital care team was performed. Results: it was possible to notice that the classification according to the START method (Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment) was correct in 94.1% of the time from the analysis of 17 preestablished checklists. Following the primary evaluation with the ABCDE mnemonic, all steps were performed correctly in 70%. However, there was only supply of oxygen in high flow in 64.7% of the examination. The search for visible and hidden bleeding was performed in 70.6% of the examination. The neurological evaluation with the Glasgow coma scale and pupillary evaluation occurred in 70.6% of the victims. The victims exposure was performed in 70.6% of the examination. Conclusion: a simulated environment allows the consolidation and improvement of professional skills, especially when we are talking about a poorly trained area during the undergraduate program, such as the MVI. Early training and teamwork encourage clinical thinking, integration and communication, essential abilities when facing chaotic situations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Triage/methods , Patient Simulation , Clinical Competence , Emergency Medical Services/methods , Simulation Training/methods , Students, Medical , Students, Nursing , Universities , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Fundamento: en situaciones de desastres, cuando el número de enfermos o lesionados es alto y los recursos limitados, la atención médica precisa de cambios de estructura y procesos si se quiere salvar un número elevado de personas. El personal de salud debe estar entrenado para enfrentar esta situación cada vez más frecuente. El "Proyecto para la formación e investigación en apoyo vital en emergencias y desastres" puede ser un marco académico para lograrlo. Objetivo: actualizar, para el proyecto, las guías y estrategia docente para la enseñanza del apoyo vital ante víctimas múltiples. Métodos: taller nacional realizado el 10-11 de julio del 2018 en Cienfuegos, con 13 expertos y cuatro informantes clave. Se utilizaron la técnica de tormenta de ideas y de grupo nominal, cuestionario semiestructurado y revisión documental previa. Resultados: se proponen para la enseñanza del apoyo vital en situaciones de desastres, tanto en el pregrado como el posgrado: los objetivos, aspectos didácticos, estrategia docente, contenidos, alcance, habilidades a desarrollar, futuras investigaciones y áreas para la colaboración interinstitucional. Se definió la estructura de un curso prototipo para la enseñanza del tema y las principales consideraciones para su ejecución. Conclusiones: las propuestas académicas para el curso "Apoyo vital avanzado ante víctimas múltiples" permiten la preparación de los profesionales de la salud para brindar asistencia médica en situaciones de desastres, con escasos recursos y en ambientes complejos.
Foundation: in disaster situations, when the number of patients or injured is high and the resources are limited, medical care requires changes of structures and processes if it is aimed to save most of the persons involved. Health personnel should be trained to face this situation becoming more frequent each time. Objective: to update, for the project, the guidelines and strategies for teaching life support in the presence of mass casualty. Methods: national workshop developed in July 10th and 11th in Cienfuegos, with 13 experts and four key informers. The techniques of brain storming and nominal group, semi-structured and previous documentary review. Results: objectives, specific aspects, teaching strategy, contents, scope of the abilities, skills to develop, future research, and areas for inter-institutional collaboration were proposed for teaching life support in situations of disaster. Conclusion: academic proposals for the course "Life support in the presence of mass casualty¨ allow preparing health professionals to offer medical assistance in situations of disasters with limited resources in complex environments.
ABSTRACT
Introduction A model prepared by National Civil Defense (INDECI; Lima, Peru) estimated that an earthquake with an intensity of 8.0 Mw in front of the central coast of Peru would result in 51,019 deaths and 686,105 injured in districts of Metropolitan Lima and Callao. Using this information as a base, a study was designed to determine the characteristics of the demand for treatment in public hospitals and to estimate gaps in care in the hours immediately after such an event. METHODS: A probabilistic model was designed that included the following variables: demand for hospital care; time of arrival at the hospitals; type of medical treatment; reason for hospital admission; and the need for specialized care like hemodialysis, blood transfusions, and surgical procedures. The values for these variables were obtained through a literature search of the databases of the MEDLINE medical bibliography, the Cochrane and SciELO libraries, and Google Scholar for information on earthquakes over the last 30 years of over magnitude 6.0 on the moment magnitude scale. RESULTS: If a high-magnitude earthquake were to occur in Lima, it was estimated that between 23,328 and 178,387 injured would go to hospitals, of which between 4,666 and 121,303 would require inpatient care, while between 18,662 and 57,084 could be treated as outpatients. It was estimated that there would be an average of 8,768 cases of crush syndrome and 54,217 cases of other health problems. Enough blood would be required for 8,761 wounded in the first 24 hours. Furthermore, it was expected that there would be a deficit of hospital beds and operating theaters due to the high demand. CONCLUSION: Sudden and violent disasters, such as earthquakes, represent significant challenges for health systems and services. This study shows the deficit of preparation and capacity to respond to a possible high-magnitude earthquake. The study also showed there are not enough resources to face mega-disasters, especially in large cities. Bambarén C , Uyen A , Rodriguez M . Estimation of the demand for hospital care after a possible high-magnitude earthquake in the City of Lima, Peru. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(1):106-111.
Subject(s)
Disaster Planning/organization & administration , Earthquakes , Emergency Medical Services/organization & administration , Health Services Needs and Demand , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Cities , Humans , Models, Theoretical , Peru/epidemiology , Wounds and Injuries/therapyABSTRACT
Abstract: Recently, Brazil has hosted mass events with recognized international relevance. The 2014 FIFA World Cup was held in 12 Brazilian state capitals and health sector preparedness drew on the history of other World Cups and Brazil's own experience with the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup. The current article aims to analyze the treatment capacity of hospital facilities in georeferenced areas for sports events in the 2016 Olympic Games in the city of Rio de Janeiro, based on a model built drawing on references from the literature. Source of data were Brazilian health databases and the Rio 2016 website. Sports venues for the Olympic Games and surrounding hospitals in a 10km radius were located by geoprocessing and designated a "health area" referring to the probable inflow of persons to be treated in case of hospital referral. Six different factors were used to calculate needs for surge and one was used to calculate needs in case of disasters (20/1,000). Hospital treatment capacity is defined by the coincidence of beds and life support equipment, namely the number of cardiac monitors (electrocardiographs) and ventilators in each hospital unit. Maracanã followed by the Olympic Stadium (Engenhão) and the Sambódromo would have the highest single demand for hospitalizations (1,572, 1,200 and 600, respectively). Hospital treatment capacity proved capable of accommodating surges, but insufficient in cases of mass casualties. In mass events most treatments involve easy clinical management, it is expected that the current capacity will not have negative consequences for participants.
Resumo: Recentemente, o Brasil sediou eventos de massa com relevância internacional reconhecida. A Copa do Mundo FIFA de 2014 foi realizada em 12 capitais estaduais e a preparação do setor da saúde contou com a história de outras Copas do Mundo e com a própria experiência do Brasil com a Copa das Confederações FIFA de 2013. O presente artigo objetivou analisar a capacidade de tratamento de instalações hospitalares em áreas georeferenciadas para eventos esportivos, nos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com base em um modelo construído a partir da literatura. Os dados foram coletados nas bases de dados de saúde do Brasil e da página de Internet da Rio 2016. As instalações esportivas para os Jogos Olímpicos e os hospitais circundantes em um raio de 10km foram localizados por geoprocessamento; foi designada uma "área de saúde", referindo-se ao afluxo provável de pessoas a serem tratadas em caso de necessidade hospitalar. Seis fatores foram utilizados para calcular necessidades para surtos e um fator de cálculo foi usado para as desastres (20/1.000). Capacidade de tratamento hospitalar é definida pela coincidência de leitos e equipamentos de suporte de vida, ou seja, o número de monitores cardíacos (eletrocardiógrafos) e respiradores em cada unidade hospitalar. O Maracanã, seguido do Estádio Olímpico (Engenhão) e o Sambódromo, teria a maior demanda para internações (1.572, 1.200 e 600, respectivamente). A capacidade de tratamento hospitalar mostrou-se capaz de acomodar surtos, mas insuficiente em casos de vítimas em massa. Em eventos de massa, a maioria dos tratamentos envolve uma fácil gestão clínica. Espera-se que a capacidade atual não terá consequências negativas para os participantes.
Resumen: Recientemente, Brasil fue sede de eventos de masa con relevancia internacional reconocida. La Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2014 se llevó a cabo en 12 capitales de los estados y la preparación del sector de la salud tenía la historia de otras copas mundiales y con la experiencia de Brasil en la Copa Confederaciones de la FIFA 2013. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la capacidad de tratamiento de las instalaciones hospitalarias en zonas georreferenciados para los eventos deportivos, en los Juegos Olímpicos de 2016, en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, basado en un modelo construido a partir de la literatura. Los datos fueron recogidos en las bases de datos de salud en Brasil y en el sitio web del Río 2016. Las instalaciones deportivas para los Juegos Olímpicos y los hospitales circundantes dentro de un radio de 10km fueron localizados por el geoprocesamiento; un "área de la salud" fue designado, en referencia a la posible afluencia de personas que van a tratarse en el caso de una emergencia hospitalaria. Seis factores se utilizaron para calcular las necesidades a los brotes y un factor de cálculo se utilizó para los desastres (20/1.000). Capacidad de tratamiento hospitalario se define por la coincidencia de camas y equipos de soporte vital, o el número de monitores cardíacos (electrocardiógrafos) y respiradores en cada hospital. El Maracanã, seguido por el Estadio Olímpico (Engenhão) y el Sambódromo, tendría la mayor demanda de hospitalizaciones (1.572, 1.200 y 600, respectivamente). La capacidad de tratamiento hospitalario ha demostrado ser capaz de adaptarse a los brotes, pero insuficiente en casos de víctimas en masa. En los eventos masivos, la mayoría de los tratamientos implican un manejo clínico fácil. Se espera que la capacidad actual no tendrá consecuencias negativas para los participantes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Sports , Disaster Planning/organization & administration , Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Anniversaries and Special Events , Brazil , Mass Casualty Incidents , Geographic MappingABSTRACT
Accurate and timely information is critical for health early warning and effective emergency management. Health Information Technology (HIT) standards address the challenge of integrating information from disparate healthcare resources e.g. devices, people, and information systems to support not only the effective handling of emergencies, but also their analysis for long-term resource planning. In the management of emergencies, co-operative use of standards facilitates effective sharing of information among the parties involved in search and rescue, continuous disaster assessment, and public awareness. This paper discusses the cooperative use of interoperability standards from Health Level Seven (HL7), the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS), the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), and other Standards Developing Organizations to harness the power of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in emergency preparedness and response. The paper reports on the experience gained from the deployment of ICT in the Satellites for Epidemiology and health early warning (SAFE) civil protection exercise and interoperability considerations in technical solutions to be deployed in the ?POSEIDON? exercise (earthquake followed by tsunami in the Mediterranean) still at the planning stage.
Informações acuradas e na hora oportuna são essenciais para a emissão de alertas precoces de saúde e para a gestão eficaz de situações de calamidade pública. Os padrões de Tecnologia da Informação em Saúde objetivam resolver o desafio de integrar informações de diferentes recursos de saúde, como por exemplo dispositivos, pessoas e sistemas de informação para apoiar não só o tratamento eficaz nas situações de emergência, mas também na sua análise, para planejamento de recursos de longo prazo. Na gestão de emergências, o uso cooperativo de padrões facilita o compartilhamento eficaz de informações entre as partes envolvidas na busca e salvamento, de avaliação de desastres e conscientização pública. Este artigo discute o uso cooperativo de padrões de interoperabilidade do Health Level Seven (HL7), do Organização para o Avanço de Padrões de Informação Estruturados (OASIS), Comité Europeu de Normalização (CEN), e outras normas das organizações produtoras de padões para fortalecer o poder de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) na preparação e resposta a emergências. O artigo relata a experiência adquirida com a utilização das TIC nos satélites de Epidemiologia e de alerta precoce de saúde (SAFE) exercício de protecção civil e os aspectos da interoperabilidade nas soluções técnicas a serem implantados no exercício ?Poseidon? (terremoto seguido de tsunami no Mediterrâneo) ainda em fase de planejamento...