Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation in the distal ulna where the lesion is continuous with the medullary cavity: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) is a rare benign bone tumor, it is also called "Nora's lesion". The lesion is characterized by heterotopic ossification of the normal bone cortex or parosteal bone. The etiology of BPOP is unclear and may be related to trauma. In most BPOPs, the lesion is not connected to the medullary cavity. Here we report an atypical case, characterized by reversed features compared to the typical BPOP, which demonstrated continuity of the lesion with the cavity. CASE PRESENTATION: An 11-year-old female child had a slow-growing mass on her right wrist for 8 months with forearm rotation dysfunction. Plain X-rays showed an irregular calcified mass on the right distal ulna, and computed tomography (CT) showed a pedunculated mass resembling a mushroom protruding into the soft tissue at the distal ulna. The medulla of this lesion is continuous with the medulla of the ulna. A surgical resection of the lesion, together with a portion of the ulnar bone cortex below the tumor was performed, and the final pathology confirmed BPOP. After the surgery, the child's forearm rotation function improved significantly, and there was no sign of a recurrence at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: It is scarce for BPOP lesions to communicate with the medullary cavity. However, under-recognition of these rare cases may result in misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment thereby increasing the risk of recurrence. Therefore, special cases where BPOP lesions are continuous with the medulla are even more important to be studied to understand better and master these lesions. Although BPOP is a benign tumor with no evidence of malignant transformation, the recurrence rate of surgical resection is high. We considered the possibility of this particular disease prior to surgery and performed a surgical resection with adequate safety margins. Regular postoperative follow-up is of utmost importance, without a doubt.

Challenges in the Assessment of Medullary Bone Invasion in Oral Cavity Cancers and Its Prognostic Significance.

BACKGROUND: As per AJCC 8th edition TNM staging system, bone invasion is a poor prognostic marker that upstages oral cavity squamous carcinoma (OSCC) to pT4a. Cortical erosion alone of bone or tooth socket by a gingival primary is not sufficient to upstage a tumour. The differentiation of cortical erosion from invasion through the cortical bone into the medulla is often challenging, limiting accurate staging. This review aims to assess the difficulties in differentiating cortical erosion from medullary invasion and evaluate the prognostic significance of different patterns of bone involvement. METHODS: A retrospective review of OSCC with primary curative surgery and bone resection treated at a single-center over 10 years, was performed to assess the prognostic significance of bone invasion. Hematoxylin-eosin stained slides of a subset of cases were re-reviewed in a planned manner to assess difficulties in precise categorization (no invasion/erosion/cortical invasion and medullary invasion), evaluate interobserver agreement, and correlate with clinical outcome. RESULTS: Five hundred and ninety patients were included, with a median follow-up of 28 months. On univariate analysis, the 3-year local, nodal and distant metastasis control were not significantly different in the 3 groups of no invasion, erosion, and invasion (p = 0.43, 0.47, and 0.47, respectively). Overall survival (OS) at 3 years was 78.1% and disease-free-survival(DFS) was 63.7% in the entire cohort. On univariate analysis, there was significant difference in OS and DFS based on these groups. This did not translate into independent prognostic benefit on multivariable analysis (p = 0.75 and 0.19, respectively). The independent prognostic factors were margin positivity, tumor differentiation, perineural invasion and pathological nodal involvement. Planned re-review of a subset of 202 cases resulted in a change in bone involvement category in 26/202 cases, which was mainly due to difficulty in assessing cortico-medullary junction near the tooth socket and bone fragmentation. The assessment showed moderate to near complete agreement (kappa 0.59-0.82) between 2 observers. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that bone involvement is not an independent prognostic marker and there is no specific correlation of medullary invasion with outcome over those that showed cortical erosion. Several factors contribute to difficulties and interobserver variability in assessing bone involvement.

The deep trabecular structure of first metacarpals in extant hominids.

OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have associated subarticular trabecular bone distribution in the extant hominid first metacarpal (Mc1) with observed thumb use, to infer fossil hominin thumb use. Here, we analyze the entire Mc1 to test for interspecific differences in: (1) the absolute volume of trabecular volume fraction, (2) the distribution of the deeper trabecular network, and (3) the distribution of trabeculae in the medullary cavity, especially beneath the Mc1 disto-radial flange. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Trabecular bone was imaged using micro-computed tomography in a sample of Homo sapiens (n = 11), Pan paniscus (n = 10), Pan troglodytes (n = 11), Gorilla gorilla (n = 10) and Pongo sp., (n = 7). Using Canonical Holistic Morphometric Analysis (cHMA), we tested for interspecific differences in the trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and its relative distribution (rBV/TV) throughout the Mc1, including within the head, medullary cavity, and base. RESULTS: P. paniscus had the highest, and H. sapiens the lowest, BV/TV relative to other species. rBV/TV distribution statistically distinguished the radial concentrations and lack of medullary trabecular bone in the H. sapiens Mc1 from all other hominids. H. sapiens and, to a lesser extent, G. gorilla also had a significantly higher trabecular volume beneath the disto-radial flange relative to other hominids. DISCUSSION: These results are consistent with differences in observed thumb use in these species and may also reflect systemic differences in bone volume fraction. The trabecular bone extension into the medullary cavity and concentrations beneath the disto-radial flange may represent crucial biomechanical signals that will aid in the inference of fossil hominin thumb use.

Emphysematous Osteomyelitis Involving the Spine, a Case of a Rare Form of Osteomyelitis.

Gas-forming bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus (SA), along with the worrisome infections it causes, can lead to a fairly overlooked but lethal complication, called emphysematous osteomyelitis (EO). It is a condition characterized by the infection of bones complicated by the presence of gas-forming organisms. Here, we present a 50-year-old woman with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes, who presented with cough, high-grade fevers, rigors, chills, and back pain from the last seven days. Laboratory tests revealed elevated inflammatory markers and a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Sputum smear and blood cultures both reported the presence of SA. The presence of air foci in the third lumbar spine vertebra (L3) and the surrounding soft tissue was confirmed by computed tomography (CT). The posterior elements were spared, and the vertebral height and intervertebral disc were preserved. The extent of the damage done to the bone was analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The findings showed transverse relaxation time (T2) and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences, consistent with the diagnosis of EO. She was put on strict glucose monitoring and a combination of intravenous antibiotics for three weeks followed by two weeks of oral therapy. Her symptoms improved with conservative management and reported no recurrence of any symptom of such type ever since.

The Three-Dimensional Morphology of Femoral Medullary Cavity in the Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the morphology of the femoral medullary canal in subjects with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) with the intent of improving the design of femoral stems in total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: Computed tomography images of 56 DDH hips, which were classified into Crowe I to Crowe IV, and 30 normal hips were collected and used to reconstruct three-dimensional morphology of the femoral medullary cavity. Images of twenty-one cross sections were taken from 20 mm above the apex of the lesser trochanter to the isthmus. The morphology of femoral cavity was evaluated on each cross section for the longest canal diameter, the femoral medullary torsion angle (FMTA), and the femoral medullary roundness index (FMRI). RESULTS: The Crowe IV group displayed the narrowest medullary canal in the region superior to the end of the lesser trochanter, but then gradually aligned with the medullary diameter of the other groups down to the isthmus. The FMTA along the femoral cavity increased with the severity of DDH, but the rate of variation of FMTA along the femoral canal was consistent in the DDH groups. The DDH hips generally showed a larger FMRI than the normal hips, indicating more elliptical shapes. CONCLUSION: A femoral stem with a cone shape in the proximal femur and a cylindrical shape for the remainder down to the isthmus may benefit the subjects with severe DDH. This design could protect bone, recover excessive femoral anteversion and facilitate the implantation in the narrow medullary canal.

Changes in bone density, intraosseous pressure of distal femoral articular cartilage and subchondral bone after proximal femoral medullary cavity cement filling in rabbits.

Bone cement is widely used, particularly in hip replacements, but the potential clinical complications of its use have been largely unrecognized. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of bone cement in the proximal femoral medullary cavity (PFMC) on bone mineral density (BMD), intraosseous pressure (IOP), articular cartilage and subchondral bone in the distal femurs of rabbits. A total of 32 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly numbered and the left hind limb of the odd-numbered rabbits and the right hind limb of the even numbered rabbits were selected as the experimental side. For each rabbit, the non-experimental hind limb was labeled as the control side by the principal investigator. An intramedullary injection of polymethyl methacrylate was made into the experimental hindlimb of each rabbit and the PFMC filled with bone cement. BMD and IOP of the distal femur of the bilateral hindlimb were measured at 4 and 16 weeks after surgery, and histological and ultra-fine structural features were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. At week 4 after the operation, IOP in the experimental limb was significantly higher and BMD lower compared with the control limb. At the 16th week after operation, the IOP in the experimental limb was lower than at the 4th week after operation, but still higher compared with controls, and the BMD was significantly higher than the controls. In the controls, IOP and BMD was not significantly different between the 4th and 16th week after operation. Compared with controls, the cartilage in the experimental group was thinner, the chondrocytes partially necrotic and the trabecular structure of the subchondral bone broken. Analysis of ultra-fine structural features in the experimental group showed chondrocytes with necrotic cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei relative to controls. The results indicated that blockage of the PFMC with bone cement resulted in an increase in the IOP in the distal femur, a change in BMD and damage to the subchondral bone and articular cartilage.

Ozonated water lavage and physiological saline irrigation combined with vacuum-sealed drainage in the treatment of 18 cases of chronic osteomyelitis.

OBJECTIVE: Ozone is a colorless gas used as a disinfectant and to treat diseases by limiting the effects of bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeast, and protozoa. In this study, we investigated the clinical efficacy of ozonated water lavage and physiological saline irrigation combined with vacuum-sealed drainage (VSD) in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. METHODS: Eighteen patients (14 men and 4 women) with chronic osteomyelitis in the limbs (tibia: 13 cases; femur: 4 cases; humerus: 1 case) admitted to our hospital between April 2012 and October 2018 were selected. The patients were aged 9 to 52 years, with a mean age of 31 years. All patients underwent ozonated water lavage and physiological saline irrigation combined with VSD negative pressure closed drainage during hospitalization. The patients were followed up for 18 to 84 months, with a mean of 31 months. RESULTS: Osteomyelitis recurred in only one case of nonunion. The length of hospitalization was 18 to 29 days, with a mean of 21 days. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of ozonated water lavage, physiological saline irrigation, and VSD provided good clinical effects in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis, and thus, is recommended for such treatment.

Intramedullary hemostasis further reduces postoperative anemia in patients over 70 years old undergoing total hip arthroplasty.

PURPOSE: Postoperative anemia has been a threat to total hip arthroplasty patients. We introduced a novel medullary cavity hemostasis (MCH) technique and combined it with tranexamic acid (TXA) to prevent postoperative anemia in elder patients. This trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this technique. METHODS: In this retrospective consecutive study, each group has 88 patients who were all over 70 years old. In the control group, patients were given TXA. In the experimental group, the MCH technique and same TXA application were used. RESULTS: The average of total blood loss, drainage volume, and hidden blood loss were significantly less in the experimental group. The postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) level was significantly higher in the experimental group (100.6 g/dL) than it is in the control group (81.4 g/dL). None of the patient has shown signs of prosthesis subsidence, periprosthetical osteolysis, or stem loosening during follow-ups in the average follow-up time of 3 years. CONCLUSION: We discovered that application of TXA alone is not sufficient to prevent postoperative moderate anemia in patients over 70 years old. Combination of TXA and MCH is an effective and safe way to alleviate the severity of postoperative anemia.

Anatomical Considerations of Intramedullary Humeral Nailing and Lengthening.

Intramedullary lengthening, in cases of extensive humeral shortening, offers the advantages of preventing external-fixator-associated problems. The humeral cavity, as the main parameter in nailing, however, has been neglected in recent literature. It was hypothesized that available implants might be too large and therefore increase the risk of intraoperative fractures. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the humeral canal and how it might affect the choice of implant and the surgical approach. Thirty humeri (15 female, 15 male) from clinical patients and anatomical specimens were studied. Specifically, the medullary cavity width (MCW), cortical thickness (CoT), and the course of the medullary canal were examined. The smallest MCW diameters were found at the distal third of the humeral shaft with mean diameters of 10.15 ± 1.96 mm. CoTs of female humeri were significantly smaller than those of male humeri (p < 0.001). The mean angles of the pro- and recurvatum were 4.01 ± 1.68° and 10.03 ± 2.25°, and the mean valgus bending was 3.37 ± 1.58°. Before implanting a straight lengthening nail into a doubly curved humerus, X-rays and, in selected cases, CT-scans should be performed. The unique size and course of the humeral canal favors an antegrade approach in cases of intramedullary lengthening.

[Application of bone-retaining femoral stem prosthesis in young patients with Dorr C femoral medullary cavity].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical efficacy of Tri-Lock bio-short prosthesis in artificial total hip arthroplasty(THA) in young patients with Dorr type C femoral medullary cavity. METHODS: From January 2010 to January 2014, 35 young patients(37 hips) with in the chimney-like femoral medullary cavity received Tri-Lock BPS prosthesis of THA, including 18 males(20 hips) and 17 females with an average age of (32.2±3.0) years old ranging from 21.2 to 38.5 years old. There were 16 cases of rheumatoid hip arthritis (17 hips), 8 cases of rheumatoid arthritis (9 hips), and 11 cases of aseptic necrosis of femoral head (11 hips). All cases were complicated with different degrees of osteoporosis. According to Singh index, 26 cases were classified as Grade III and 9 cases as Grade II. Biological prostheses were used for the acetabulum, with ceramic lining and full ceramic femoral head. The proximal femoral medullary cavity was Dorr type C on anteroposterior X-ray. After replacement, X-ray examination was performed to locate the prosthesis stem. Engh and Harris criteria were used to evaluate the stability of bone-prosthesis interface and hip function, respectively. Changes of hip movement pre-operation and at last follow-up were compared. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 18 to 45 months(means 33.8 months). Harris hip scores in 35 cases (37 hips) increased significantly from preoperative 61.8±3.0 (51.2 to 73.5) to 93.3±6.5 (92.5 to 98.8) points at last follow-up (t=54.745, P<0.01). The hip mobility increased from (46.5±8.0)°(0° to 55°) before surgery to(101.2±10.5)°(85° to 130°) at the last follow-up, the difference was statistically significant(t=133.091, P<0.01). Immediately after surgery, the prostheses were tightly packed with the medullary cavity. At the final follow-up, 17 hips had significant femur cortical bone thickening;12 hips had varying degrees of stress occlusal bone resorption at proximal femoral, including 9 degree I(low femur density, round and blunt) and 3 degree II(involving small rotor) hips. Meanwhile, 15 hips had significant femur cortical bone thickening without thigh pain. CONCLUSIONS: The cone-shaped short Tri-lock biological short-stem can fill Dorr C chimney-like medullary cavity and effectively retain good proximal femoral bone mass. Titanium microporous coating on the surface can effectively increase the friction of the prosthesis. The short-stem end in the medullary cavity can effectively avoid the occurrence of coxa varus.

Computed tomography measurement of the bone matrix of vertebral pedicle and its clinical significance.

BACKGROUND: To provide the anatomic basis for the clinical application of the transpedicular screw fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty spine (C2-L5) specimens were used. The width of the pedicle cortex and width of the pedicle medullary cavity (WPC and WPMC), and the height of the pedicle cortex and height of the pedicle medullary cavity (HPC and HPMC) were measured at the isthmus of the pedicle using computed tomography (CT) scanning. RESULTS: Width of the pedicle medullary cavity changed in a three-dovetailed-saddle shape with four peaks and three valleys, namely C2 (high), C4`5 (low), T2 (high), T4 (the lowest), T12 (high), L1 (low) and L5 (the highest). HPMC of the cervical pedicle changed in a saddle shape, gradually increasing from C5-L5. WPC, WPMC, HPC and HPMC showed a regular change, respectively. In each segment, the superior border of the pedicle cortex had a nearly consistent thickness to the interior border within an identical pedicle, while the pedicle cortex thickness radio of the medial and lateral border was nearly 3:1 among the cervical pedicles, 2:1 among thoracic pedicles, and 1:1 among lumbar pedicles. CONCLUSIONS: Both HPMC and WPMC are the dominant factors for the choice of screw diameter, but HPMC should also be considered in C2-T1 pedicles, especially C6 and C7. Additionally, the screw for C3-6 or T4-6 pedicles should be about 3.0 mm in diameter.

Application of bone-retaining femoral stem prosthesis in young patients with Dorr C femoral medullary cavity / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the clinical efficacy of Tri-Lock bio-short prosthesis in artificial total hip arthroplasty(THA) in young patients with Dorr type C femoral medullary cavity.@*METHODS@#From January 2010 to January 2014, 35 young patients(37 hips) with in the chimney-like femoral medullary cavity received Tri-Lock BPS prosthesis of THA, including 18 males(20 hips) and 17 females with an average age of (32.2±3.0) years old ranging from 21.2 to 38.5 years old. There were 16 cases of rheumatoid hip arthritis (17 hips), 8 cases of rheumatoid arthritis (9 hips), and 11 cases of aseptic necrosis of femoral head (11 hips). All cases were complicated with different degrees of osteoporosis. According to Singh index, 26 cases were classified as Grade III and 9 cases as Grade II. Biological prostheses were used for the acetabulum, with ceramic lining and full ceramic femoral head. The proximal femoral medullary cavity was Dorr type C on anteroposterior X-ray. After replacement, X-ray examination was performed to locate the prosthesis stem. Engh and Harris criteria were used to evaluate the stability of bone-prosthesis interface and hip function, respectively. Changes of hip movement pre-operation and at last follow-up were compared.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up for 18 to 45 months(means 33.8 months). Harris hip scores in 35 cases (37 hips) increased significantly from preoperative 61.8±3.0 (51.2 to 73.5) to 93.3±6.5 (92.5 to 98.8) points at last follow-up (=54.745, <0.01). The hip mobility increased from (46.5±8.0)°(0° to 55°) before surgery to(101.2±10.5)°(85° to 130°) at the last follow-up, the difference was statistically significant(=133.091, <0.01). Immediately after surgery, the prostheses were tightly packed with the medullary cavity. At the final follow-up, 17 hips had significant femur cortical bone thickening;12 hips had varying degrees of stress occlusal bone resorption at proximal femoral, including 9 degree I(low femur density, round and blunt) and 3 degree II(involving small rotor) hips. Meanwhile, 15 hips had significant femur cortical bone thickening without thigh pain.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The cone-shaped short Tri-lock biological short-stem can fill Dorr C chimney-like medullary cavity and effectively retain good proximal femoral bone mass. Titanium microporous coating on the surface can effectively increase the friction of the prosthesis. The short-stem end in the medullary cavity can effectively avoid the occurrence of coxa varus.

Effects of bone cement filling in rabbit proximal femoral medullary cavity on distal femoral blood flow and metabolism.

OBJECTIVE: A rabbit model was used to evaluate the effects of bone-cemented hip arthroplasty on distal femoral blood flow and metabolism relative to that of the non-cemented contralateral leg. METHODS: The marrow cavity of the right hind femur was filled with bone cement. At each of the following time points, rabbits were randomly selected to receive an injection of one dose of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate and then immediately scanned using a gamma camera: immediately postoperatively and at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. A BL-410 model biofunction experimental system was used to analyze the acquired images and determine the radioactive counts of each hind leg. RESULTS: The X-ray and photographic images of the right femoral bones confirmed successful filling of the marrow cavity with bone cement. The radioactive counts were significantly lower in the experimental than control legs at each time point. The ratio of the radioactive count of the experimental to control leg increased considerably at each time point, but each ratio was <1. CONCLUSION: Blocking the proximal femoral medullary cavity with bone cement was associated with significant lowering of the blood circulation of the femur and marrow, decreasing the distal femoral blood flow and bone metabolic rate.

Short and Solid Culm/RFL/APO2 for culm development in rice.

The culm development of rice is characterized by elongation and medullary cavity (MC) formation, which are determined by node formation meristem and residual meristem, respectively. Although many factors have been shown to affect culm elongation, molecules involved in MC formation remained to be identified. In this study, we show that a point mutation in SHORT and SOLID CULM (SSC), the rice homologue of Arabidopsis LFY, resulted in plants with drastically reduced culm length and completely abolished MC formation. Analysis of transgenic plants with moderately enhanced SSC expression revealed significant decreases in plant height and MC size in contrast to slight changes in heading date, indicating that the culm developmental process is much more tightly monitored by the gene. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the differential expression of knotted-1 like homeobox (KNOX) protein genes and gibberellin (GA) metabolic genes in the ssc mutant background, and most of the genes contained well-conserved LFY-binding cis-elements that could be effectively recognized by SSC. Genetic analysis found that the reduced culm length of the mutant could be largely rescued by the GA-accumulating mutation eui, whereas MC formation remained unchanged in the double mutant plants. Taken together, our results suggest that SSC affects culm elongation mainly through maintaining GA homeostasis, while functions in MC formation by mediating residual meristem activity possibly via the KNOX pathway. The present study provides a potential strategy for improving the culm morphology and plant architecture in rice by manipulating SSC and/or its downstream components.

Does intramedullary canal irrigation reduce fat emboli? A randomized clinical trial with transesophageal echocardiography.

The effect of medullary cavity irrigation on fat emboli during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was evaluated. Thirty female patients with osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to undergo conventional TKA without irrigation (conventional group) or with medullary canal saline irrigation (irrigation group). The four-chamber view was monitored by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and echogenic reflections of fat emboli were observed. The grey-scale score and area ratio of fat emboli were calculated during TKA. Hemodynamic parameters were simultaneously monitored and showed no obvious change between two groups (P>0.05). The average grey-scale score (P=0.016) and area ratio (P=0.033) of emboli were significantly decreased in irrigation group. Removal of medullary contents by irrigation could significantly reduce the formation of fat emboli during TKA.

Medullary cavity diameter of metacarpal and metatarsal bones in cats. A cadaveric radiographic and computed tomographic analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To compare radiography and computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of medullary cavity diameters of metacarpal and metatarsal bones in cats and to analyse their correlation with intramedullary pin size. METHODS: Radiography and CT were performed in cadavers (n = 12). The mid-diaphysis was determined and the medullary cavity diameter was measured by two observers. Each bone was osteotomized at the mid-diaphysis, Kirschner wires were inserted, and pin size was documented. Intra- and interobserver variability was evaluated (hierarchical analysis of variance). Radiography and CT were compared (correlation analysis, a t-test for dependent samples, a Bland-Altman analysis) and pin size, radiography and CT were compared (regression and correlation analysis). RESULTS: Intra-observer variability was low for radiographs and CT, with an estimated median variation of 0.10 mm for radiographs and 0.12 mm for CT. Inter-observer variability was low, with a median variation of 0.03 mm for radiographs and 0.21 mm for CT. There was a high correlation between radiography and CT for the assessment of the medullary cavity diameter. A high correlation was found between pin size and measurement on radiographs, and between pin size and measurements on CT. In two cats, pin insertion was difficult or impossible. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Mid-diaphyseal measurements are applicable methods for the assessment of the medullary cavity diameter in feline metacarpal and metatarsal bones regarding intramedullary pins. In some cats the medullary cavity diameter may be too small for intramedullary pinning techniques, which can be identified preoperatively on radiographs.

Craniofacial bony defect with developmental abnormality of facial bones, dental malalignment and ectopic neural tissue in the internal auditory meati--a new syndrome?

We present a previously undescribed skeletal dysplasia with dental anomalies and ectopic neural tissue in the internal auditory meati.

Study on repairing of the rabbit radial defect with direct galvanic stimulation in medullary cavity / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the effect of low constant direct current (LCDC) in the medullary cavity on repairing of rabbit radial defect as to evaluate its clinical value. Methods DBX was put into the segmental osteoperiosteum defect of rabbit bilateral radius. The rabbits were divided into 2 groups: group A (subject group) with the defects stimulated by LCDC and group B (control group) with the defects left untreated. In week 2,5 and 9, 4 animals from each group were put into death, and the radius was taken for study using photograph, electron microscope, histological & morphologic technique, and the contents of the Calcium (Ca) and ALP were determined. Results Compared with group B, the healing of group A was better. The contents of Ca and ALP increased obviously in week 2 (P