Population normative data for OxCAP-MH capability scores.

AIM: The study aims to establish the first set of normative data for OxCAP-MH capability instrument and to examine its association with sociodemographic and anxiety/depression severity variables. METHODS: A large-sample cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the Hungarian adult general population in 2021. OxCAP-MH standardized mean scores were compared across age, sex, education level, residence, employment, and marital status. Linear regression analysis was employed to determine the impact of sociodemographic and anxiety/depression severity on the OxCAP-MH score. RESULTS: In total, N = 2000 individuals completed the survey. The sample mean age was 47.1, with female majority (53.4%). Most respondents had completed primary education (51%), were active on labour market (52.4%), lived in larger cities (70.0%), and were married/in relationship (61.1%). Nearly half of the participants reported experiencing depression (48.5%), anxiety (44.3%), and 38.6% reported having both. The mean OxCAP-MH score for the total sample was 67.2 (SD = 14.4), the highest in the non-depressed (74.4) and non-anxious (73.6) subgroups, the lowest among those with extremely severe depression (45.0) and severe anxiety (47.7). Regression results indicated that older individuals (by ß = 0.1), males (ß = 2.3), those with secondary or higher education (ß = 2.7 and 4.5) and students (ß = 6.8) had significantly (p<0.01) higher mental capabilities. Respondents with mild, moderate, severe, or extremely severe depression (ß = -6.6, -9.6, -13.8, -18.3) and those with mild, moderate, or severe anxiety (ß = -4.1, -7.7, -10.3) had lower capability scores. CONCLUSION: The OxCAP-MH instrument effectively differentiated capabilities across sociodemographic groups and highlighting the impact of depression and anxiety severity on general population's mental capability.

The relationship between the psychological resilience and general health levels of earthquake survivor nursing students in Kahramanmaras earthquakes, the disaster of the century.

The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between the psychological resilience of earthquake survivor students and their general health status. This descriptive and correlational study was conducted at a state university in Turkey in June 2023 with the nursing department students of a university that experienced two major earthquakes in Turkey on February 6, 2023. The sample of the study consisted of 287 students. The data of the study were collected with the "Descriptive Characteristics Form," "Brief Resilience Scale," and "General Health Questionnaire-12." Filling out the forms took approximately 5-10 min. It was determined in the present study that the psychological resilience of the earthquake survivor students was moderate. It was found that the girls, second graders, those with higher income levels, those who did not receive medication/professional support for their mental health, and those who described their health as good generally had higher psychological resilience levels. It was found that the general health status of the earthquake survivors was at an increased risk level, and 69% of them were at high risk for mental diseases. The mental health of girls, first graders, those who had low-income levels, those who lost loved ones in the earthquake, those whose houses were damaged, those who received medication/professional support for mental health, those who did not generally participate in distance education, and those who described their health as deficient in general, had worse mental health levels. A high relationship was detected between nursing students' psychological resilience and mental health (p < 0.05). It was concluded in the present study that as the psychological resilience of the students increased, the risk of mental disease decreased.

Exploring the validity of the ASQ-SE for socio-emotional competency screening of a low-risk Asian cohort at 2 years of age.

AIMS: To assess the Ages & Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (ASQ-SE)'s concurrent validity in a low-risk Singapore cohort and study its association with maternal mental health status. METHODS: Concurrent validity of the parent-filled ASQ-SE with Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL1.5-5) was evaluated in 341 children at age 24 months. Data on maternal anxiety and depression were collected using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck Depression Inventory-Second Version (BDI-II). ASQ-SE cut-off scores based on receiver operating characteristic curve were compared to CBCL scores to derive a local ASQ-SE "at risk" cut-off score. Correlations of ASQ-SE with CBCL scores and with maternal STAI and BDI scores were evaluated using Pearson coefficients. RESULTS: Using a cut-off score of 51 at 24 months, ASQ-SE had acceptable concurrent validity, with an AUC of 0.819(0.765-0.872), 70 % sensitivity and 79 % specificity. Mothers of children with "at-risk" ASQ-SE scores had significantly higher STAI and BDI-II scores. ASQ-SE had moderate- high correlations (r = 0.32-0.53) (p < .01) with CBCL scores at 24 and 48 months and with maternal mental health status(r = 0.32). INTERPRETATION: ASQ-SE can be a useful tool for screening child's socio-emotional competence for primary health care use in Singapore Dyadic mental health screening would be helpful in identifying families at risk.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Use of Antidepressants by Young Adults in the ASL TO4 Regione Piemonte (Italy).

The association between younger age and poorer mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic has been documented. Whether these changes were associated with a change in antidepressant (AD) use is not well understood. This study aimed to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on AD use by young adults in the ASL TO4 Regione Piemonte (Italy). The impact of the pandemic on the weekly prevalence of AD users was assessed using interrupted time-series analysis with autoregressive integrated moving average models. A total of 1071 subjects (18-22 years with ≥1 AD dispensation) were included in the study. The observed prevalence was lower than the predicted value for several weeks after the introduction of the lockdown. However, it was consistently higher than the predicted values from week 134. The maximum difference between observed and predicted values (25 subjects per 10,000 young adults) was found at week 170. Changes in AD use were observed in both genders and were more pronounced for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In conclusion, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young adults is likely to be significant in the coming years, which may place a future burden on pharmaceutical public health and community health.

Psychosocial predictors of quality of life among women living with HIV/AIDS: a cross-sectional study in a VCT centre in Shiraz, Iran.

PURPOSE: We aimed to assess psychosocial predictors of quality of life (QOL) among women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHIV). QOL has been considered as an important indicator in evaluating the outcome of psychological and physical healthcare in people living with HIV (PLHIV). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2021 to April 2022 at the Voluntary, Counselling, and Testing (VCT) center in Shiraz, Iran. A total of 452 WLHIV were included in this study. Socio-demographic and clinical data, social support (MSPSS questionnaire), food insecurity (HFIAS questionnaire), resilience (CD-RISC questionnaire), mental health status (DASS questionnaire), and QOL (WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire) were collected through direct interviews and patients' files at Shiraz VCT. RESULTS: Physical and social relationships domains of QOL had the highest (60.48 ± 18.00) and lowest (36.76 ± 23.88) scores, respectively. Higher clinical stage, psychotropic substances use, having a husband infected with HIV, history of hypertension, and higher socioeconomic status had a significant relationship with some domains of QOL. The score of social support, food insecurity, resilience, and mental health status had a significant relationship with all domains of QOL. CONCLUSION: Social relationships domain of QOL had the lowest scores in WLHIV. Also, the mental health status of WLHIV was more related to their QOL than the physical status related to HIV/AIDS. Interventions such as improving the mental health care and resilience skills of WLHIV, including their social network in counseling services to promote their social support, could help them to improve their QOL.

Exploration of related factors of suicide ideation in hospitalized older adults.

BACKGROUND: With the rapid aging of the population structure, and the suicide ideation rate also increasing year by year, the ratio of people over 65 to the total number of deaths is increasing yearly. The study provides a reference for researchers interested in older adults' care to explore SI further affecting older adults in the future and provide a reference for qualitative research methods or interventional measures. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to explore the influence of mental health status, life satisfaction, and depression status on suicidal ideation (SI) among hospitalized older adults. METHODS: In a cross-sectional correlation study, taking inpatients over 65 years old in a regional teaching hospital in eastern Taiwan, and the BSRS-5 ≧ 5 points of the screening cases, a total of 228 older adults agree to conduct data analysis in this study. Mainly explore the influence of personal characteristics, mental health status, life satisfaction, and depressed mood on SI among the hospitalized older adults. The basic attributes of the cases used in the data, mental health status, cognitive function, quality of life, depression, and suicide ideation, the data obtained were statistically analyzed with SPSS 20/Windows, and the descriptive statistics were average, standard deviation, percentage, median, etc. In the part of inference statistics, independent sample t-test, single-factor analysis of variance, Pearson performance difference correlation, and logistic regression analysis were used to detect important predictors of SI. RESULTS: Research results in (1) 89.5% of hospitalized older adults have a tendency to depression. 2.26.3% of the older adults had SI. (2) Here are significant differences in the scores of SI among hospitalized older adults in different economic status groups and marital status groups. (3) The age, marital status, and quality of life of the hospitalized older adults were negatively correlated with SI; economic status, self-conscious health, mental health, and depression were positively correlated with SI. (4) The results of the mental health status and SI is (r = .345, p < .001), higher the score on the BSRS-5 scale, the higher the SI. The correlation between the depression scale score (SDS-SF) and SI was (r = .150, p < .05), the higher the depression scale score, the higher the SI. CONCLUSION: The results of the study found that there was a statistically significant correlation between SI in older adults and age, marital status, economic status, mental health, quality of life, and depression, and also showed that they might interact with each other; the older adults in BSRS-5, GDS-SF, quality of life scale scores have statistically significant differences as essential predictors of SI. The results of this study suggest that medical staff can use the BSRS-5 scale to quickly screen and evaluate the mental health status of older adults, hoping to detect early and provide preventive measures, thereby improving the quality of life of older adults.

Adult female callers' characteristics and mental health status: a retrospective study based on the psychological assistance hotline in Hangzhou.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the basic characteristics and mental health status of adult female callers to the psychological assistance helpline in Hangzhou City, in order to provide targeted services for effectively intervening in the psychological crises of this group. METHODS: Data from adult female callers to a helpline in Hangzhou City were collected between 2019 and 2022, encompassing demographic information and discussed issues. The data were analyzed according to age groups, marital status, and call times. The mental health status of the adult female population was measured by two indicators-mood status and suicide risk. RESULTS: The study included 15,580 adult female callers. Among them, 52.2% were aged 30 and below, 62.1% were unmarried, and 42.6% were from other provinces. The primary types of calls were related to mental health (56.5%), romantic relationships (11%), and marriage/family issues (13%). Adults aged 30 and below had more consultations about romantic relationships, work, and study-related issues compared to those over 30. Those over 30 sought more advice on marriage/family and child education. Younger callers displayed higher levels of depression and suicide risk compared to older callers. Unmarried callers had a higher proportion of moderate depression and suicide risk than married callers. Higher education levels were associated with lower depression levels (OR = 0.631,95%CI:0.439-0.906, P = 0.013) and high-risk proportions (OR = 0.328,95%CI:0.147-0.733, P = 0.007). Late evening callers had a higher high-risk proportion (OR = 5.326,95%CI:2.633-10.775, P < 0.001), and employed individuals had lower high-risk proportions compared to unemployed callers (OR = 0.536,95%CI:0.320-0.897, P = 0.018). CONCLUSION: The mental health status of female callers aged 30 and below, unemployed individuals, and those calling in the latter part of the night have relatively poorer mental health and are more likely to be at risk for suicide, which needs to be taken seriously, and more professional and targeted intervention services need to be enhanced in the hotline.

Exposure to Violence in Social Unrest, Resilience, and Mental Health of Older People in Hong Kong.

OBJECTIVE: Older adults are prone to the negative effects of exposure to violence on their mental health. This study aimed to examine the impact of exposure to violence during social unrest and the role of resilience in the mental health of older people. DESIGN: A total of 1,203 people aged 65 years or older were randomly selected for a telephone survey using the random digit dialing numbering method in Hong Kong. MEASUREMENTS: A 13-item scale was developed to measure exposure to violence. The Chinese versions of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the Startle, Physiological Arousal, Anger, and Numbness scales for measuring mental health status were adopted in the survey. RESULTS: The results showed that the more frequently older people were exposed to information, the more negative mental health status they had. However, exposure to witnessing and experiencing violence was not significantly associated with mental health status. Older adults' level of resilience had a moderating effect between exposure to information and mental health, whereas the effect of exposure to information on mental health was stronger for respondents with lower resilience. CONCLUSION: This study showed that emotional problems caused by exposure to related information among older people should be properly addressed during massive social unrest and conflict. Their resilience capacity is an important moderating factor. Future interventions and support services should focus on enhancing the resilience of older people to better equip them with overcoming problems related to macro-social issues.

Mental health status and stressful life events among postgraduate nursing students in Cyprus: a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study.

BACKGROUND: Despite prior evidence supporting the association between stressful life events and mental health status, there are limited data on the number and severity of stressful life events and their effects on university students' mental health status. Therefore, the present study aimed to: (a) examine mental health status and subsequent predictors of clinically significant mental distress symptoms, (b) estimate the number and severity of stressful life events, and (c) explore the associations between mental health status, stressful life events (number and severity) and sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: This study was descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational with internal comparisons. A convenience sample of 90 Master of Science in nursing and midwifery students, participated in the study. Participants with a General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) total score ≥ 24 were considered to have clinically significant mental distress symptoms. Descriptive and inferential statistics were evaluated, and Pearson's chi-square test for group differences was used to analyse the data. Analysis of variance and t-tests were used for comparisons between two or more groups, and regression analyses were employed to identify the predictors of GHQ-28 scores and clinical mental distress symptoms. RESULTS: The final sample comprised 90 students (response rate: 97.8%), 33 (36.7%) of whom reported clinically significant symptoms of mental distress. Students with divorced parents [29.92 (± 10.62), p < .05] scored high on the GHQ-28. Participants who had low/no satisfaction with the education system posted higher scores than participants who had high/very high satisfaction [24.82 (± 11.68) vs. 17.93 (± 9.78), p < .05]. In the subscale measuring depressive symptoms, there was a statistically significant gender difference, with men reporting higher scores than females. [3.0± (3.69) vs. 1.60 (± 2.42), p = .034]. In multiple analyses of sociodemographic characteristics and those who scored higher on the Life Events Scale for Students (LESS) scale (≥ 340), the loss of parent/s was associated with the total GHQ-28 score (B=-17.046, p < .001). In multiple analyses, chronic physical disorders or disabilities and numerous stressful life events among students (≥ 8 events) were correlated with higher overall GHQ-28 scores (B = 15.232, p < .005). CONCLUSION: The high frequency of clinical symptoms of mental distress among postgraduate university nursing students and their correlation with stressful life events highlights the need for university counselling services to provide psychological support strategies to students.

Mental health status and related influencing factors in patients with COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: The outbreak of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019) has resulted in a significant number of diagnosed patients requiring treatment in designated hospitals. However, limited evidence exists regarding the prevalence of mental health problems and associated psychological factors in COVID-19 patients. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and insomnia among COVID-19 patients, as well as explored the associations between these mental health problems and psychological factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 387 COVID-19 patients in a designated shelter hospital. Online measures were used to assess anxiety, depression, insomnia, social support, coping styles, and emotional regulation. Data were analyzed to determine the prevalence rates of mental health problems and examine the associations between these problems and the psychological factors. RESULTS: The results revealed high prevalence rates of anxiety (21.80%), depression (49.0%), and insomnia (63.70%) among COVID-19 patients. Objective social support scores and positive coping style scores were significantly associated with lower levels of anxiety, depression, and insomnia, respectively. Conversely, high negative coping style scores, higher education level, and self-perceived illness severity, were significantly related to higher levels of anxiety, depression, or insomnia symptoms. Emotional regulation scores did not show a significant association with any of the examined mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have implications for guiding psychological interventions tailored to COVID-19 patients in future outbreaks. By targeting social support and promoting adaptive coping strategies, psychological interventions can address the psychological distress experienced by COVID-19 patients.

Correlation analysis between sleep quality and the mental health status of female sex workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei Province.

Objective: Female sex workers (FSWs) in entertainment venues are subject to condemnation and rejection by their families and the outside world. As a result, they are prone to psychological problems, including anxiety and even suicidal tendencies. The aim of the current study was to understand the sleep and mental health status of local FSWs and to identify associated risk factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the social recognition of FSWs and establishing effective psychological interventions. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select women engaged in commercial sex in bathing, sauna, karaoke halls and other entertainment venues. A self-designed questionnaire assessing mental health-related factors was administered face-to-face with the respondents. 90 participants were randomly selected for blood tests to analyze the relationship between biological indicators and sleep quality. Results: The rates of depression, anxiety and somnipathy among FSWs were 32.7%, 43.1% and 8.6%, respectively. The correlation coefficients (r) between sleep quality and depression, anxiety and social support were 0.07, 0.09 and -0.09, respectively. Divorce or widowhood, technical secondary school education, alcohol consumption and exercise were independent risk factors for depression in FSWs (p< 0.05) while living in urban areas and counties and having a sense of social support were protective factors (P< 0.05). Quarantining due to the pandemic and exercise were independent risk factors for anxiety in FSWs (P< 0.05) while living in counties and having a sense of social support were protective factors (P< 0.05). Quarantining due to the pandemic was an independent risk factor for somnipathy in FSWs (P< 0.05) while being married was a protective factor (P< 0.05). NE/NA was a protective factor for sleep disorders (OR=0.042, P=0.05), with an AUC of 0.87. Conclusion: FSWs should appropriately adjust their work form during the pandemic period, maintain a positive and optimistic attitude, establish long-term stable social relationships, and seek a greater sense of social support. The government should provide comprehensive bio-psycho-social interventions to address the mental and physical health status of this population.

Mental Health Status and Its Associated Factors Related to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Primary Health Care Centre in Surabaya, Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: Mental disorders in TB patients are due to long-term treatment, drug side effects, and relapse. This study aimed to analyse the mental health status among TB patients and its associated factors. METHODS: The study was carried out on 107 Pulmonary TB patients from 5 Primary Healthcare centres in Surabaya, Indonesia. Furthermore, Mental Health Inventory (MHI-18) was used to measure the mental health status. The MHI-18 has four subscales including, anxiety, depression, behaviour control, and positive affection. In addition, the score range of MHI and its subscales is 0-100, where the higher score showed a better mental health status. RESULTS: The results showed no difference in the score of mental health status, anxiety, depression, and positive affect in all factors. However, behaviour control depicted a significant difference between sex and marital status. In conclusion, mental health problems can occur in all TB patients irrespective of their characteristics. CONCLUSION: Screening is required for the prevention of severe disease in the early treatment phase and various factors related to mental health should be considered during the implementation of TB management to optimize treatment outcomes.

Effect of exercise prescription teaching on exercise quality and mental health status of college students.

BACKGROUND: The teaching mode of fitness exercise prescriptions for college students in physical education conforms to the scientific principles and rules of fitness, which can adapt to the characteristics of students' individual physiological functions and stimulate their interest in learning. AIM: To analyze the effect of prescribed exercise teaching on the sports quality and mental health of college students. METHODS: The participants of the study were 240 students in our class of 2021, of which 142 were men and 98 were women. The 240 students were randomly divided into an experimental group using the exercise prescription teaching model and a control group using the conventional teaching model. The experimental and control groups were divided into four classes of 30 students each. The teaching activities of the two teaching mode groups were strictly controlled, and the same tests were used before and after the experiment to test the subjects' exercise quality (in-cluding standing long jump, 50 m race, 800 m race, sit-ups, sit-and-reach), physical form (including height, weight, Ketorolai index), cardiopulmonary function (including heart rate, blood pressure, spirometry, 12-min running distance, maximum oxygen intake) and mental health (SCL-90, including somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoia, psychotic symptoms) to understand the effects of the exercise prescription teaching mode on students' physical and mental health status. RESULTS: There were differences in the exercise scores of standing long jump, 50 m, 800 m/1000 m running, sit-ups, and sit-and-reach in the experimental group after the experiment compared with those before the experiment, and the above indices of the experimental group were different from those of the control group after the experiment (P < 0.05). There were differences in body weight and Ketorolai index in the experimental group after the experiment compared to those before the experiment, and the indices of the experimental group were also different from those of the control group after the experiment (P < 0.05). After the experiment, there were differences in spirometry, 12-min running distance, and maximum oxygen intake in the experimental group compared to those before the experiment, and the indices of the experimental group were also different from those of the control group after the experiment (P < 0.05). After the experiment, the indicators of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and hostility in the experimental group were different from those in the pre-experimental group, and the indexes of the experimental group were also different from those of the control group after the experiment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Exercise prescription teaching can mobilize college students' consciousness, enthusiasm, and initiative; expand personalities; enhance physical fitness and improve their mental health more than the conventional fitness exercise prescription teaching method.

Mentalizing, Resilience, and Mental Health Status among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented stress on healthcare professionals worldwide. Since resilience and mentalizing capacity play very important preventive roles when it comes to mental health, the main goal of this study was to determine whether the capacity for mentalizing and resilience could explain the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted in Serbia on a sample of 406 healthcare workers (141 doctors and 265 nurses) aged 19 to 65 (M = 40.11, SD = 9.41). The participants' mental health status was evaluated using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-DASS-42. The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire was used to evaluate the capacity for mentalizing. Resilience was assessed using the Brief Resilience Scale. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there were negative correlations between resilience and all three dimensions of mental health status: depression, anxiety, and stress. Hypermentalizing was negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress, while hypomentalizing was positively correlated. Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that both resilience and hypermentalizing were significant negative predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress, and that hypomentalizing was a significant positive predictor of depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, socioeconomic status was a significant negative predictor of depression, anxiety, and stress. Marital status, number of children, and work environment were not statistically significant predictors of any of the three dimensions of mental health status among the healthcare workers in this study. There is an urgent need to establish and implement strategies to foster resilience and enhance the capacity for mentalizing among healthcare workers in order to minimize the devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health.

Internet use and rural-urban mental health inequalities: Evidence from China.

Introduction: In the context of the new digital era, clarifying the relationship between Internet use and urban and rural residents' mental health is of important value for reducing rural-urban health inequalities. This paper aims to study the association between Internet use and rural-urban mental health inequalities. Methods: Based on the data of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2020, we firstly examined the existence and specific manifestation of mental health inequalities between urban and rural residents. Secondly, we examined the mediating effect of Internet use by the Bootstrap mediating effect measure. Finally, we verified the robustness of the mediating effect. Results: There are significant mental health inequalities between urban and rural residents, and urban residents have better mental health than rural residents (p < 0.01). In addition, the test results for the mediating effect of Internet use on mental health inequalities between urban and rural residents were significant (p < 0.01), with a direct effect of -0.028 (p < 0.01) and an indirect effect of -0.49 (p < 0.01), and this result remained significant in the robustness test. Discussion: In such a new age of the Internet, mental health inequalities between urban and rural residents objectively did exist, and the use of the internet played a positive mediation effect on the formation of mental health inequalities between urban and rural areas.

Outcomes of COVID-19 in peritoneal dialysis patients: A report by the European Renal Association COVID-19 Database.

BACKGROUND: The clinical course of COVID-19 in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients has so far only been analysed in relatively small, often single-centre case series. Therefore, we studied patient- and disease-related characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in a larger European cohort of PD patients. METHODS: We used data from the European Renal Association COVID-19 Database (ERACODA) on PD and haemodialysis (HD) patients with COVID-19 (presentation between February 2020 and April 2021). Hazard ratios (HR) for mortality at 3 months were calculated using Cox proportional-hazards regression. In addition, we examined functional and mental health status among survivors at this time point as determined by their treating physician. RESULTS: Of 216 PD patients with COVID-19, 80 (37%) were not hospitalised and 136 (63%) were hospitalised, of whom 19 (8.8%) were admitted to an intensive care unit. Mortality at 3 months for these subgroups was 18%, 40%, and 37%, respectively (p = 0.0031). Compared with HD patients, PD patients had higher mortality (crude HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.33-1.66), even when adjusted for patient characteristics and disease severity (adjusted HR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.39-1.75). Follow-up data on 67 of 146 patients who survived COVID-19 showed functional recovery to pre-COVID-19 levels in 52 (78%) and mental recovery in 58 patients (87%) at 3 months after the COVID-19 diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The mortality rate in the first 3 months after presentation with COVID-19 is high, especially among PD patients who were hospitalised. PD patients with COVID-19 had a higher mortality risk than HD patients. The majority of surviving patients recovered both functionally and mentally from COVID-19 within 3 months.

Prospective relationships between college adjustment, self-esteem, and mental health status among Chinese undergraduates.

Objective: This three-wave longitudinal study tested the prospective relationships between college adjustment, self-esteem, and mental health status (ie, subjective well-being, anxiety, and depression). Participants: The study recruited 265 Chinese undergraduate students. Methods: Demographic, college adjustment, self-esteem, and mental health status data were collected. Results: College adjustment and self-esteem were moderate in magnitude and maintained a reasonable stability over time. College adjustment and self-esteem at Year 1 and Year 2, and mental health status at Year 3, were significantly correlated with each other. College adjustment at Year 1 and Year 2, and self-esteem at Year 1 significantly predicted mental health status at Year 3. Conclusions: Interventions to improve self-esteem and college adjustment may benefit long-term mental health outcomes.

Mental health status of mental health nurses in China: Results from a national survey.

INTRODUCTION: It has been acknowledged in China that actions should be taken immediately to ease the critical shortage of psychiatric nurses. However, with national data lacking, little is known about nurses' mental health status. AIM: To evaluate psychiatric nurses' mental health status by measuring their burnout, depression, anxiety and stress. METHODS: All psychiatric nurses in the 41 selected hospitals in China were invited to participate in the survey. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale were used to assess variables of interest. RESULTS: 38.6% of psychiatric nurses met the criteria for burnout. The rates of depression, anxiety and stress were 26.3%, 36.4% and 12.5%, respectively. It was found that workplace region, educational level, working years, longer working hours and night shifts were associated with risk of burnout and DASS. CONCLUSIONS: More than a quarter of psychiatric nurses are suffering from burnout, depression or anxiety in China. Policymakers and hospital administrators should design a flexible schedule and restrict working hours for psychiatric nurses to achieve work-life balance. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The study informs policymakers and administrators on addressing the nursing shortage by identifying nurses immersed in negative emotions and preventing mental health problems.

Association between mental health and academic performance among university undergraduates: The interacting role of lifestyle behaviors.

OBJECTIVES: Impaired mental health status tends to be associated with poor academic performance, but few prospective studies have examined the association between mental health and academic performance among undergraduates while considering the interacting roles of multiple lifestyle behaviors. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A total of 1823 Japanese undergraduate students (67% men) were followed up for 4 years. Their mental health status was measured by the six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). We defined poor academic performance as a grade point average (GPA) <2.0. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the relationship between the students' mental health status and the incident risk of poor academic performance. RESULTS: Our analyses revealed that impaired mental health status in the first semester of university study significantly predicted an increased incident risk of poor academic performance during the overall undergraduate period. This association remained significant when the health lifestyle behaviors were adjusted, and the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for poor academic performance was 1.62 (1.18-2.23). This significant association disappeared in the low-lifestyle-behavior-risk group. CONCLUSION: Impaired mental health status in the first semester significantly predicts an increased incident risk of poor academic performance during the undergraduate period.

Mental health status and its influencing factors in middle school students under the regular prevention and control of COVID-19 / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo analyze the mental health status and its influencing factors in middle school students under the regular prevention and control of COVID-19， so as to provide references for the intervention and management of their mental health problems. MethodsFrom March 7 to 21， 2021， a stratified random sampling method was used to select 19 352 students from 17 schools in 3 districts and 9 counties of Linyi City， Shandong Province. Basic data were collected through a self-designed questionnaire. All students completed the Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） to assess their mental health status. Then the factors affecting the mental health status of middle school students were screened using independent sample t-test， one-way ANOVA test and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results① A total of 6 350 （32.81%） middle school students were found to have mental health problems. ② Each SCL-90 factor score and total average score yielded statistical difference among middle school students of different genders， relationships with classmate， closeness to friends， concerns about the epidemic， and pressure exerted by schoolwork （P<0.01）. Each SCL-90 factor score and total average score of middle school students were significant different in terms of the hours of smartphone usage for recreation per day， sleep duration per night in hours and exercise frequency （P<0.01）. ③ Multiple stepwise regression analysis denoted that female gender， poor relationship with classmate， no close friend and long hours of smartphone usage for recreation were the risk factors for mental health of middle school students （β=0.096， 0.183， 0.064， 0.232， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe prevalence rate of mild mental health problems is quite high among middle school students under the regular epidemic prevention and control. Additionally， female gender， poor relationship with classmate， no close friend and long hours of smartphone usage for recreation have a negative impact on middle school students' mental health.