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1.
CCH, Correo cient. Holguín ; 22(2): 265-274, abr.-jun. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-974485

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los trastornos auditivos constituyen un problema de salud, que afecta a una proporción importante de la población infantil. Al nacer, aproximadamente uno de cada mil niños, presentan pérdida auditiva severa bilateral y, diez de cada cien tienen trastornos de moderados a ligeros. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de los factores de riesgo audiológicos, que provocan hipoacusias neurosensorial (HNS), en niños menores de seis años. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de 63 pacientes, a los que se diagnosticaron hipoacusia neurosensorial. Resultados: en el grupo etáreo más significativo, fue el de 4 a 6 años de edad, con un 57,1%. Predominó el sexo masculino, con un 63,5%. La hipoacusia más frecuente fue la adquirida, con 62%. La hipoxia con ventilación asistida, ototoxicidad, los antecedentes de hipoacusia familiar, los de causa desconocida, y la hipertensión arterial en el embarazo, fueron los factores de riesgo que causaron hipoacusia en la infancia. La edad de diagnóstico más frecuente es de cero a dos años, con el 49,2%; unida a la hipoacusia neurosensorial bilateral de severa a profunda, de etiología multifactorial. Conclusiones: el screening universal de todos los niños nacidos, para evitar trastornos en el lenguaje y el aprendizaje, es de suma importancia.


Introduction: auditory disorders affect large number of children. About 1 of 1000 children present birth severe bilateral auditive loss and 10 of 100 suffer light to moderate disorders. Objective: to characterize risk factors´ audiological behavior of children under six years old, affected by sensorineural hypoacusia. Methods: descriptive study with a sample of 63 neurosensorial hipoacusia patients. Results: most cases were at the 4 to 6 years old group, with 57.1%. Males predominated with a 63.5%. Acquired hypoacusia was the most frequent up to 62%. Hypoxia and assisted ventilation, ototoxicity, unknown hypoacusia family history, and hypertension in pregnancy, were risk factors present, during the study. More frequent diagnosis ages were from 0 to 2 years old, with 49.2%, and the most common type was, from severe to profound, sensorineural bilateral hypoacusia of multifactorial etiology. Conclusions: universal screening to all children is very important to the early detection of hypoacusia and to avoid language and learning disturbances.

2.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 43(2): 106-112, abr. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-717039

ABSTRACT

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of individuals who committed suicide in Medellín between 2008 and 2010, and to identify variables related to the type of events. Methods: A retrospective and descriptive analysis was conducted on data provided by the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences. In addition, a univariate and bivariate analysis was used to identify the sociodemographic and medical-legal characteristics of the deceased. Multiple correspondence analysis was also used in order to establish typologies. The information was analyzed using STATA 11.0. Results: Of the 389 cases occurring between 2008 and 2010, 84.6% (n = 329) were men. The male to female ratio was 5:1; 64% of the cases occurred in people aged 18-45 years; 6.7% occurred in children under 18, with hanging being the method most chosen by the victims (48.3%). Exploratory analysis was used to identify a possible association between the use of violent methods and events occurring in the housing and social strata 1, 2 and 3. Conclusions: Some factors could be associated with suicide, providing data that could consolidate health intervention strategies in our population.


Antecedentes: El propósito del estudio es identificar las características de los individuos que cometieron suicidio en la ciudad de Medellín entre 2008 y 2010, además de identificar variables relacionadas con la tipología de los eventos. Métodos: Análisis descriptivo retrospectivo de los datos suministrados por el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses. Además, análisis univariable y bivariable para identificar las características sociodemográficas y médico-legales de los fallecidos. Para establecer posibles tipologías, se utilizó el análisis de correspondencias múltiples. La información se analizó utilizando el programa STATA 11.0. Resultados: De los 389 casos ocurridos entre 2008 y 2010, el 84,6% (n = 329) correspondió a varones. La razón varones:mujeres es 5:1. El 64% de los casos ocurrió en personas de 18-45 anños y el 6,7%, en menores de 18 años. El ahorcamiento fue el método más elegido por las víctimas (48,3%). El análisis exploratorio permitió identificar una posible asociación entre el uso de métodos violentos con los eventos que ocurren en la vivienda y los estratos sociales 1, 2 y 3. Conclusiones: Se pudo delinear algunos factores asociados al suicidio consumado, aportando elementos que pueden consolidar estrategias de intervención en la salud de nuestra población.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Suicide , Demography/classification , Causality , Demography , Colombia , Forensic Sciences , Forensic Medicine
3.
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr ; 43(2): 106-12, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26574965

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of individuals who committed suicide in Medellín between 2008 and 2010, and to identify variables related to the type of events. METHODS: A retrospective and descriptive analysis was conducted on data provided by the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences. In addition, a univariate and bivariate analysis was used to identify the sociodemographic and medical-legal characteristics of the deceased. Multiple correspondence analysis was also used in order to establish typologies. The information was analyzed using STATA 11.0. RESULTS: Of the 389 cases occurring between 2008 and 2010, 84.6% (n=329) were men. The male to female ratio was 5:1; 64% of the cases occurred in people aged 18-45 years; 6.7% occurred in children under 18, with hanging being the method most chosen by the victims (48.3%). Exploratory analysis was used to identify a possible association between the use of violent methods and events occurring in the housing and social strata 1, 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS: Some factors could be associated with suicide, providing data that could consolidate health intervention strategies in our population.

4.
Rev. cienc. med. Pinar Rio ; 13(1): 130-138, ene.-mar. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-739275

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio transversal, cualicuantitativo, descriptivo, observacional, con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia del tiempo de neumatización mastoidea, y analítico con el objetivo de estudiar factores relacionados en 900 niños con edades 2, 5 y 10 años (300 en cada edad), mediante radiología de la apófisis mastoideas realizadas por la técnica de Shuller entre enero de 1992 a 2007, el cual a partir del año 2006 se incorporó a un proyecto de investigación de una nueva modalidad de tratamiento quirúrgico en niños con otitis media serosa, siendo necesario estudiar el tipo de neumatización temporal. Se utilizó el método de la estadística descriptiva y el empírico de la encuesta para recoger antecedentes de otitis medias agudas o crónicas agudizadas y se empleó el principio bioético de consentimiento informado. Se emplearon las pruebas para variables no paramétricas de Chi-cuadrado y OR para analizar asociación entre variables cualitativas al 95 % de certeza. Se encontró que no había diferencias en neumatización en las diferentes edades, pero el sexo femenino y el antecedente de otitis media estaban asociados con la presencia de no neumatización de la apófisis mastoides. Se concluye que la variación en neumatización es determinada por el código genético e influenciado por otros factores.


Petromastoid neumatization. Impact of Multifactorial Etiological Approach.Pinar delRio.1992-2007.A cross-sectional qualitative,descriptive,observational study was carried out aimed at dermining the prevalence of the time of mastoid neumatization with the purpose of study those factors related to the condition in 900 children at the ages of 2,5 and 10 years (300 in every age group) through the x-ray of the mastoid apophysis using the Shuller technique between January of 1992 to January 1997.From year 2006 on it was incorporated to a research project a new surgical procedure in children suffering from serous otitis media requiring to study the kind of temporal neumatization.The descriptive statistic method was used as well as the empirical method of surveys in order to register the history of acute or chronic otitis media and the bioethic principle of informed consent . The non parametric variables tests (chi-square) and OR were used for analizing the relation among qualitative variables with a 95% of confidence. It was found any difference in the neumatization at different ages although the femenine sex and the history of otitis media were associated to the presence of non neumatization of the mastoid apophysis.It is concluded that the variation in neumatization is determined by the genetic code and influenced by other factors.

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