Effects of early weaning on the reproductive performance of suckled Nelore cows in the subsequent breeding season.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of early weaning (EW) on body composition, hormone concentrations and metabolites, and reproductive performance of Nelore cows in the subsequent breeding season (BS). Suckled cows that became pregnant by timed-AI (TAI) in the 2020-BS were exposed in 2021 to early weaning at 150 d (27 primiparous [PRI] and 74 multiparous [MUL]) or conventional weaning (CW) at 240 d postpartum (30 PRI and 77 MUL). Body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were determined at 2020-BS, EW, CW, prepartum, and 2021-BS. Blood samples were collected at EW, CW, prepartum (54.75 ±â€…0.56 d prepartum), and 2021-TAI and assayed for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations. In 2021-BS, cows were exposed to a P4/E2-based protocol for TAI at day 0 (D0), and a second TAI was performed at D22 in females detected with luteolysis (D20) by Doppler ultrasound. The presence of corpus luteum (CL) on D10, estrous expression, and dominant follicle (DF) diameter, and blood perfusion (BP) on D2 and D0 were determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA or logistic regression of SAS as a 2 × 2 factorial with main factors of parity (PRI or MUL) and weaning strategy (EW or CW). An interaction of parity and weaning strategy was not observed (P > 0.1), but the weight (kg) and BCS were greater (P < 0.05) in MUL cows at the five timepoints, and EW cows were heavier than CW at the moment of CW (541 vs. 493 kg; and 5.3 vs. 4.3), prepartum (551 vs. 506 kg; and 5.2 vs. 4.4) and 2021-BS (475 vs. 450 kg; and 4.5 vs. 3.7). Plasma urea concentration at 2021-BS was greater (P = 0.01) for PRI than for MUL. A parity-by-time interaction was observed (P ≤ 0.05) for concentrations of IGF-I, NEFA, and BHB. PRI cows had greater (P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of IGF-I at EW and greater (P ≤ 0.05) prepartum concentrations of NEFA and BHB than MUL cows. The proportion of cows with CL at D10 was not affected (P > 0.1) by weaning but was greater (P < 0.05) in MUL than in PRI cows (40.4 vs. 15.7%). The diameter of DF and proportion of BP on D0 were greater (P < 0.05) in EW cows than in CW cows. The pregnancy rate (P/AI, %) at the first TAI was greater (P < 0.05) in EW cows (60% vs. 45%), whereas no difference (P > 0.1) was observed at the second TAI. Cumulative P/AI (first and second TAIs) was greater (P < 0.05) in EW cows (81% vs. 63%). In conclusion, weaning at 150 d in Nelore cattle is a strategy to successfully recover the parous cow's body condition and to improve pregnancy success in the next BS, regardless of the cow's parity order.

The nutritional condition and body energy reserves at parturition are important factors that can affect the reproductive performance of suckled Nelore cows. Also, decreasing the weaning time can benefit the cow's metabolic status. The present study evaluated the effect of two periods of weaning (150 vs. 240 d) on the reproductive performance of the Nelore dam in the subsequent breeding season. The results of the present study indicate that early weaning: 1) improves the body condition, rump fat thickness, and metabolic condition of Nelore cows for the subsequent breeding season; 2) provides better ovarian follicle growth and blood perfusion during the subsequent timed artificial insemination program; 3) enhances the pregnancy rates in the subsequent breeding season.

Impact of parity number, milk production and somatic cell count on the reproduction of Holstein cows.

This research communication describes the reproductive and productive parameters and somatic cell count (SCC) of primiparous and multiparous cows from specialized dairy Holstein herds in South region of Brazil, and correlates these parameters using test-day records. A total of 24 011 records of animals from 75 producers obtained between 2017 and 2018 were used. The variables analyzed included milk production, SCC, milk fat, protein and urea nitrogen contents and reproductive characteristics (number of services per conception, service period and percentage of pregnant cows). Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and the statistical differentiation between the classes of SCC and milk production. Milk production, SCC, number of services per conception and service period were all higher in multiparous cows. The percentage of pregnant cows was higher when the SCC was less than 200 000 cells/ml and was higher in primiparous cows. There was no adverse effect of milk production on reproductive parameters in high producing cows (>40 kg milk/d), however, the percentage of pregnant cows with this production level was significantly higher in multiparous cows. In conclusion, the milk production level need not affect the reproduction of specialized dairy cows if the animals are kept under adequate environmental conditions.

Comparison of three doses of estradiol benzoate for synchronization of follicular wave emergence in suckled Bos indicus beef cows.

We aimed to compare the effect of three estradiol benzoate (EB) doses on follicular wave emergence (FWE) and dominant follicle growth of suckled Nelore cows submitted to TAI (D0). On a random day of estrous cycle (D-10), multiparous (MULT; n=36) and primiparous (PRIM; n=20) suckled Nelore cows received an intravaginal progesterone (P4) device and were assigned in three groups. Cows in the EB-1 (n=20), EB-1.5 (n=15) or EB-2 (n=21) groups received, respectively, an im treatment with 1, 1.5 or 2 mg EB. A subgroup (n=10-13 cows/group) were subject to daily ovarian evaluations from D-10 to D0. On D-2, P4 devices were removed, and all cows received the same treatment: 1 mg estradiol cypionate, 0.53 mg sodium cloprostenol, and 300 IU eCG. Statistical analyses were performed considering only the main effects of treatment group and parity order. The proportion of cows with a synchronized FWE and the moment of the FWE did not differ (p>0.05) among the treatment groups (overall: 80% [28/35] and 4.1 ± 0.4 days); however, the FWE occurred earlier (p=0.007) in MULT (3.8 ± 0.2 days) than PRIM (5.1 ± 0.4) cows. The proportion of animals detected in estrus was greater (86% [31/36] vs. 70% [14/20]; p=0.02) and the dominant follicle was larger on D-2 (9.7 ± 0.3 mm vs. 7.8 ± 0.7 mm; p=0.006) and D0 (11.9 ± 0.4 mm vs. 10 ± 0.5 mm; p=0.008) in MULT than PRIM cows. In conclusion, the three EB doses presented similar efficiency to synchronize the FWE in suckled Nelore cows. Moreover, a delayed FWE and smaller dominant follicle is observed in PRIM cows, contributing to the reduced reproductive performance in this parity category when using similar TAI protocols of MULT cows.

Effect of eCG in a short-term synchronization treatment on ovarian status, estrus synchrony, and ovulation in dairy goats managed under tropical conditions.

The aim of this study was to assess the need of using eCG on short-term estrus synchronization protocol in nulliparous (NUL) and multiparous (MULT) dairy goats during the breeding season. Alpine (n = 20), Nubian (n = 20), and Saanen (n = 16) goats received 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate intravaginal sponges for 6 days plus 30 µg d-cloprostenol and 200 IU eCG (G-eCG, n = 28) or saline (G-Control, n = 28) 24 h before sponge removal. The NUL and MULT goats of each breed were equally assigned into the two treatments. Transrectal ultrasonography was used to evaluate ovulatory parameters, and teaser goats were used for estrus detection every 12 h from sponge removal to ovulation. eCG did not affect (P > 0.05) estrus response (~86%), diameter of ovulatory follicles (~6.8 mm), and number of ovulations (~1.6). Nevertheless, eCG led to earlier (P < 0.05) ovulation (G-eCG = 65.1 and G-Control = 73.2 h) and increased (P < 0.05) the ovulation rate (G-eCG = 96.4% and G-Control = 67.9%). In the absence of eCG, no differences regarding reproductive parameters (P > 0.05) were found between parity orders. Alpine MULT goats underwent a superior (P < 0.05) number of ovulations (2.2) in comparison to NUL goats (1.3). In conclusion, the exclusion of eCG from short-term estrus synchronization protocol did not interfere with estrus response but decreased the ovulation rate.

Comparison of three doses of estradiol benzoate for synchronization of follicular wave emergence in suckled Bos indicus beef cows

We aimed to compare the effect of three estradiol benzoate (EB) doses on follicular wave emergence (FWE) and dominant follicle growth of suckled Nelore cows submitted to TAI (D0). On a random day of estrous cycle (D−10), multiparous (MULT; n=36) and primiparous (PRIM; n=20) suckled Nelore cows received an intravaginal progesterone (P4) device and were assigned in three groups. Cows in the EB-1 (n=20), EB-1.5 (n=15) or EB-2 (n=21) groups received, respectively, an im treatment with 1, 1.5 or 2 mg EB. A subgroup (n=10-13 cows/group) were subject to daily ovarian evaluations from D−10 to D0. On D−2, P4 devices were removed, and all cows received the same treatment: 1 mg estradiol cypionate, 0.53 mg sodium cloprostenol, and 300 IU eCG. Statistical analyses were performed considering only the main effects of treatment group and parity order. The proportion of cows with a synchronized FWE and the moment of the FWE did not differ (p>0.05) among the treatment groups (overall: 80% [28/35] and 4.1 ± 0.4 days); however, the FWE occurred earlier (p=0.007) in MULT (3.8 ± 0.2 days) than PRIM (5.1 ± 0.4) cows. The proportion of animals detected in estrus was greater (86% [31/36] vs. 70% [14/20]; p=0.02) and the dominant follicle was larger on D−2 (9.7 ± 0.3 mm vs. 7.8 ± 0.7 mm; p=0.006) and D0 (11.9 ± 0.4 mm vs. 10 ± 0.5 mm; p=0.008) in MULT than PRIM cows. In conclusion, the three EB doses presented similar efficiency to synchronize the FWE in suckled Nelore cows. Moreover, a delayed FWE and smaller dominant follicle is observed in PRIM cows, contributing to the reduced reproductive performance in this parity category when using similar TAI protocols of MULT cows.(AU)

Comparison of three doses of estradiol benzoate for synchronization of follicular wave emergence in suckled Bos indicus beef cows

We aimed to compare the effect of three estradiol benzoate (EB) doses on follicular wave emergence (FWE) and dominant follicle growth of suckled Nelore cows submitted to TAI (D0). On a random day of estrous cycle (D−10), multiparous (MULT; n=36) and primiparous (PRIM; n=20) suckled Nelore cows received an intravaginal progesterone (P4) device and were assigned in three groups. Cows in the EB-1 (n=20), EB-1.5 (n=15) or EB-2 (n=21) groups received, respectively, an im treatment with 1, 1.5 or 2 mg EB. A subgroup (n=10-13 cows/group) were subject to daily ovarian evaluations from D−10 to D0. On D−2, P4 devices were removed, and all cows received the same treatment: 1 mg estradiol cypionate, 0.53 mg sodium cloprostenol, and 300 IU eCG. Statistical analyses were performed considering only the main effects of treatment group and parity order. The proportion of cows with a synchronized FWE and the moment of the FWE did not differ (p>0.05) among the treatment groups (overall: 80% [28/35] and 4.1 ± 0.4 days); however, the FWE occurred earlier (p=0.007) in MULT (3.8 ± 0.2 days) than PRIM (5.1 ± 0.4) cows. The proportion of animals detected in estrus was greater (86% [31/36] vs. 70% [14/20]; p=0.02) and the dominant follicle was larger on D−2 (9.7 ± 0.3 mm vs. 7.8 ± 0.7 mm; p=0.006) and D0 (11.9 ± 0.4 mm vs. 10 ± 0.5 mm; p=0.008) in MULT than PRIM cows. In conclusion, the three EB doses presented similar efficiency to synchronize the FWE in suckled Nelore cows. Moreover, a delayed FWE and smaller dominant follicle is observed in PRIM cows, contributing to the reduced reproductive performance in this parity category when using similar TAI protocols of MULT cows.

Serum proteinogram and biochemistry of Holstein cows in the peripartum period / Proteinograma e bioquímica séricas de vacas da raça Holandesa no período periparto

In face of the few reports found in national literature analyzing the potential influence of parturition number in serum proteinogram and biochemical profile in the peripartum period of high yielding dairy cows, the aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the dynamics of these serum constituents' concentrations in blood samples obtained from primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows, 60 and 30 days prepartum and in the day of parturition. Data were analyzed by repeated measures variance analysis (ANOVA) and differences between groups and moments were analyzed by Tukey's test. Results were considered significant when P<0.05. Parity influenced levels of total protein, albumin, globulins, magnesium, cholesterol, which were higher in multiparous cows, as well as concentrations of ceruloplasmin, total calcium, chloride and alkaline phosphatase activity, which were higher in primiparous cows. Parturition influenced serum concentrations of ceruloplasmin (+58%), transferrin (-25%), haptoglobin (+33%), total protein (-17%), globulins (-25%), immunoglobulin A (-43%), immunoglobulin G (-24%), total calcium (-12%), inorganic phosphorus (-10%), chloride (+5%), sodium (+4%), cholesterol (-23%), triglycerides (-38.6%), as well as activities of aspartate aminotransferase (+14%) and alkaline phosphatase (+28%). A decrease in serum levels of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol and triglycerides was more pronounced in multiparous than in primiparous cows. These results demonstrate that the interpretation of proteinogram and serum constituents should take into consideration lactation number and the moment of parturition as relevant factors in high yielding dairy cows in the transition period.(AU)

Diante da escassez de relatos encontrados na literatura nacional quanto à potencial influência do número de parições sobre o proteinograma sérico e perfil bioquímico no período periparto de vacas leiteiras de alta produção, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar comparativamente a dinâmica de constituintes séricos em amostras de sangue obtidas de vacas da raça Holandesa primíparas e pluríparas, 60 e 30 dias pré-parto e no dia do parto. Os resultados foram avaliados por análise de variância (ANOVA) com medidas repetidas no tempo e as diferenças entre grupos e entre momentos foram analisadas pelo teste de Tukey, sendo os resultados considerados significativos quando P<0,05. O número de parições influenciou os teores de proteína total, albumina, globulinas, magnésio e colesterol, que foram maiores em vacas pluríparas, bem como as concentrações de ceruloplasmina, cálcio total, cloreto e atividade de fosfatase alcalina, que foram maiores em vacas primíparas. O número de parições influenciou as concentrações séricas de ceruloplasmina (+58%), transferrina (-25%), haptoglobina (+33%), proteína total (-17%), globulinas (-25%), imunoglobulina A (-43%), imunoglobulina G (-24%), cálcio total (-12%), fósforo (-10%), cloretos (+5%), sódio (+4%), colesterol (-23%), triglicérides (-38.6%), bem como as atividades de aspartato aminotransferase (+14%) e fosfatase alcalina (+28%). A diminuição do teor sérico de cálcio total, fósforo, colesterol e triglicérides foi mais acentuada em vacas pluríparas do que em vacas primíparas. Esses resultados mostram que a interpretação do proteinograma e dos constituintes séricos deve levar em consideração o número de lactações e a ocorrência do parto como fatores relevantes em vacas leiteiras de alta produção no período de transição.(AU)

Serum proteinogram and biochemistry of Holstein cows in the peripartum period / Proteinograma e bioquímica séricas de vacas da raça Holandesa no período periparto

In face of the few reports found in national literature analyzing the potential influence of parturition number in serum proteinogram and biochemical profile in the peripartum period of high yielding dairy cows, the aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the dynamics of these serum constituents' concentrations in blood samples obtained from primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows, 60 and 30 days prepartum and in the day of parturition. Data were analyzed by repeated measures variance analysis (ANOVA) and differences between groups and moments were analyzed by Tukey's test. Results were considered significant when P<0.05. Parity influenced levels of total protein, albumin, globulins, magnesium, cholesterol, which were higher in multiparous cows, as well as concentrations of ceruloplasmin, total calcium, chloride and alkaline phosphatase activity, which were higher in primiparous cows. Parturition influenced serum concentrations of ceruloplasmin (+58%), transferrin (-25%), haptoglobin (+33%), total protein (-17%), globulins (-25%), immunoglobulin A (-43%), immunoglobulin G (-24%), total calcium (-12%), inorganic phosphorus (-10%), chloride (+5%), sodium (+4%), cholesterol (-23%), triglycerides (-38.6%), as well as activities of aspartate aminotransferase (+14%) and alkaline phosphatase (+28%). A decrease in serum levels of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol and triglycerides was more pronounced in multiparous than in primiparous cows. These results demonstrate that the interpretation of proteinogram and serum constituents should take into consideration lactation number and the moment of parturition as relevant factors in high yielding dairy cows in the transition period.(AU)

Diante da escassez de relatos encontrados na literatura nacional quanto à potencial influência do número de parições sobre o proteinograma sérico e perfil bioquímico no período periparto de vacas leiteiras de alta produção, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar comparativamente a dinâmica de constituintes séricos em amostras de sangue obtidas de vacas da raça Holandesa primíparas e pluríparas, 60 e 30 dias pré-parto e no dia do parto. Os resultados foram avaliados por análise de variância (ANOVA) com medidas repetidas no tempo e as diferenças entre grupos e entre momentos foram analisadas pelo teste de Tukey, sendo os resultados considerados significativos quando P<0,05. O número de parições influenciou os teores de proteína total, albumina, globulinas, magnésio e colesterol, que foram maiores em vacas pluríparas, bem como as concentrações de ceruloplasmina, cálcio total, cloreto e atividade de fosfatase alcalina, que foram maiores em vacas primíparas. O número de parições influenciou as concentrações séricas de ceruloplasmina (+58%), transferrina (-25%), haptoglobina (+33%), proteína total (-17%), globulinas (-25%), imunoglobulina A (-43%), imunoglobulina G (-24%), cálcio total (-12%), fósforo (-10%), cloretos (+5%), sódio (+4%), colesterol (-23%), triglicérides (-38.6%), bem como as atividades de aspartato aminotransferase (+14%) e fosfatase alcalina (+28%). A diminuição do teor sérico de cálcio total, fósforo, colesterol e triglicérides foi mais acentuada em vacas pluríparas do que em vacas primíparas. Esses resultados mostram que a interpretação do proteinograma e dos constituintes séricos deve levar em consideração o número de lactações e a ocorrência do parto como fatores relevantes em vacas leiteiras de alta produção no período de transição.(AU)

Periconceptional folic acid supplementation in Southern Brazil: Why are not we doing it right?

Several countries, as Brazil, have public policies for periconceptional folic acid supplementation (FAS) in order to prevent unfavorable outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate the FAS situation in a public reference hospital from Southern Brazil. This study included all mothers who had children born at the Hospital Materno Infantil Presidente Vargas, RS, Brazil, in a 1-year period. Data collection was conducted through interviews with application of a clinical protocol and analysis of the patients' records. FAS was defined as the use of folic acid in any period of the periconceptional period, irrespective of the duration and amount. We also classified those mothers who correctly followed the national recommendation proposed by the Health Ministry of Brazil. The sample consisted of 765 mothers evaluated soon after childbirth. Their ages ranged from 12 to 45 years (mean 25.2 years). The overall level of FAS was 51.5%, and the use according to the national recommendation occurred in only 1.6%. Factors associated with non-FAS consisted of lower maternal age (p = .009) and maternal schooling (p = .023), higher number of pregnancies (p = .003), fewer prenatal visits (p = .050) and later prenatal care onset (p = .037). Periconceptional FAS in our midst seems to be very far from the ideal goal. Susceptible groups appeared to be mothers who were younger, less educated, multiparous, and had inadequate prenatal care. We believe that efforts of education and awareness should be especially targeted for these groups. These recommendations should also be strengthened among those who prescribe the FAS.

Variáveis Associadas à Ansiedade Gestacional em Primigestas e Multigestas / Las Variables Asociadas con la Ansiedad Gestacional en el Primigestas y Multigestas / Variables Associated with Gestational Anxiety in Primigravidas and Multigravidas

Resumo Este estudo teve por objetivo descrever e comparar a ansiedade de primigestas e multigestas, no terceiro trimestre gestacional, bem como identificar, dentre as variáveis sociodemográficas e de gestação, as que se associaram para alta ansiedade. Participaram 479 gestantes que responderam a um instrumento de ansiedade (IDATE) e um questionário sobre variáveis sociodemográficas e da gestação. Compararam-se os grupos estatisticamente e montou-se um modelo de regressão logística para avaliar o peso das associações (p<0,05). Os resultados indicaram que 36% das gestantes apresentaram sintomas de alta ansiedade no terceiro trimestre gestacional, com um predomínio das multigestas em relação às primigestas. Para as multigestas, a maior chance para alta ansiedade esteve associada à baixa renda e, para as primigestas, à ameaça de aborto no início da gestação. Tanto para primigestas como para multigestas, desejar o bebê apareceu como fator de proteção para alta ansiedade. A expressiva porcentagem de gestantes com sintomas de ansiedade justifica o oferecimento de serviços voltados à prevenção e promoção de saúde mental das gestantes, com atenção diferenciada às primigestas e multigestas.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir y comparar la ansiedad en el primigestas y multigestas en tercer trimestre, y para identificar, entre las variables sociodemográficas y el embarazo, que se asocian a mayor ansiedad. Participaron en 479 mujeres embarazadas que respondieron a un instrumento de ansiedad (STAI) y un cuestionario sobre variables sociodemográficas y el embarazo. Los investigadores compararon los grupos estadísticamente y montaron un modelo de regresión logística para evaluar las asociaciones. Los resultados indicaron que el 36% de las mujeres embarazadas tenían síntomas altos de ansiedad en tercer trimestre, con un predominio de multigestas en relación con el primigestas. Para multigestas la mayor oportunidad para alta ansiedad se asoció con bajas ingresos y para el primigestas con un aborto involuntario en el embarazo temprano. Ambos primigestas y multigestas quieren el bebé apareció como un factor protector para alta ansiedad. Un porcentaje significativo de mujeres embarazadas con síntomas de ansiedad justifica los servicios dirigidos a la prevención y promoción de la salud mental de las mujeres embarazadas, con una especial atención a las primigestas y multigestas.

Abstract This study aimed to describe and compare anxiety on primigravidae and multiparous in the third quarter, as well as to identify, among sociodemographic variables and of pregnancy, which ones were associated with high anxiety. There were 479 pregnant women participants who responded to an anxiety instrument (STAI) and a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables and about pregnancy. The groups were statistically compared e a logistic regression model was composed to evaluate associations. The results indicated that 36% of pregnant women presented symptoms of high anxiety on third gestational trimester, with a predominance of the multiparous in relation to the primigravidae. For the multiparous, the highest chance for high anxiety was associated with low income and for the primigravidae to the threat of miscarriage in early pregnancy. For both primigravidae and multiparous, wanting the baby appeared as a protective factor for high anxiety. The expressive percentage of pregnant women with anxiety symptoms justifies the offering of prevention services and promotion of mental health for pregnant women, with a differentiated attention to primigravidae and multiparous.

Gemelos unidos (siameses): descripción de hallazgos anatomopatológicos / Conjoined twins (siamese): description of anatomopathological findings

Resumen OBJETIVO: Describir los hallazgos anatomopatológicos y placentarios en una serie de autopsias de 5 siameses. CASOS CLÍNICOS: Serie de casos de autopsias efectuadas entre 2013 y 2018 de pacientes entre 14 y 30 semanas de embarazo, con diagnóstico de gemelos unidos. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 5 casos de gemelos unidos, hijos de madres multíparas, 3 tuvieron muerte intrauterina y 2 fallecimiento a los pocos minutos de vida. Tres casos correspondieron a uniones ventrales (2 toracoonfalópagos y 1 cefalópago) y dos a uniones laterales de tipo parápagos, dicéfalos. Hubo corazón único en los gemelos toracoonfalópagos y sistemas cardiacos separados en los tres restantes, donde hubo fusión aórtica distal. En 4 casos el hígado se encontró fusionado, con dos vías biliares independientes. Los cordones umbilicales de los casos de unión ventral tenían 5 vasos sanguíneos. Los de unión lateral tenían cordón umbilical trivascular. Los discos placentarios mostraron grados variables de hipoxia preplacentaria y cambios de malperfusión vascular materna. CONCLUSIONES: Las fusiones ventrales tienen grados variables de estructuras compartidas; entre mayor sea la fusión de los órganos internos, menor es el número de vasos umbilicales. De las teorías etiológicas propuestas, la esférica es la que mejor soporta los grados variables de fusión.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Description of the anatomopathological and placental findings in a series of autopsies of 5 conjoined twins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Series of cases of autopsies performed between 2013-2018 of patients between 14-30 weeks of gestation, with diagnosis of conjoined twins. RESULTS: Five cases of conjoined twins, product of multiparous mothers, 3 of these presented intrauterine death and 2 deaths within a few minutes of life. Three cases corresponded to ventral junctions (2 thoracoomphalopagus and 1 cephalopagus) and two to lateral junctions of parapagus type. A single heart was observed in the thoracoomphalopagus twins and separated cardiac systems in the remaining three where there was distal aortic fusion. In 4 cases the liver was found fused with two independent bile ducts. The umbilical cords of the cases of ventral union presented 5 blood vessels; those with lateral junction presented a trivascular umbilical cord. The placentas showed varying degrees of preuterine hypoxic pattern and changes of Maternal Vascular malperfusion of the Placental Bed. CONCLUSIONS: Ventral fusions have varying degrees of shared structures; the greater the fusion of the internal organs, the smaller the number of umbilical vessels will be. Of the proposed etiological theories, it is the so-called spherical theory, which best supports the variable degrees of fusion and how it can be saltatory on the vertical axis.

Reembarazo en la adolescencia: análisis de la población perteneciente a la Red del Hospital Padre Hurtado, entre los años 2005-2015 / Teenage pregnancy: analysis of the population belonging to the Padre Hurtado Hospital Network, between 2005-2015

OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL: Evaluar prevalencia de adolescentes multíparas >2, en la población atendida en Hospital Padre Hurtado. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, con información extraída de la ficha electrónica de partos e intervenciones, realizados entre 2005-2015 HPH. Los datos fueron tabulados en Microsoft Excel y luego analizados en el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS versión 22. RESULTADOS: Se atendieron 62.656 partos y hubo 5.770 eventos gestacionales que requirieron alguna intervención, de éstas, 14.030 (20,5%) ocurrieron en pacientes menores de 20 años y 356 (0,52%) en menores de 15 años. El número de multíparas fue de 940 (10,3% de mujeres con embarazo adolescente). En el caso de primigestas <15 años, 68 presentaron más de un embarazo durante su adolescencia (19,3% de embarazadas). El período intergestacional tuvo una mediana en 3 años (rango 1 - 6 años). Cuando una adolescente <15 años se embaraza por primera vez, tiene un OR de 2,25 (IC 95%: 1.71-2.95; X2: 35,46; p<0,001) de volver a embarazarse durante su adolescencia, en relación a las adolescentes que se embarazan por primera vez después de los 15 años. En cuanto a intervenciones, al comparar ambos grupos, las menores de 15 años tienen un OR 2,75 de que al embarazarse, requieran cirugía. CONCLUSIÓN: La frecuencia de embarazo adolescente evaluada, es superior a la nacional y mundial. Cuando el primer embarazo ocurre <15 años, éstas tienen mayor riesgo de presentar un segundo embarazo durante la adolescencia. Una medida de prevención secundaria, es la utilización de MAC en el puerperio inmediato, idealmente LARCs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of multiparous adolescents, in the population that had their births at Hospital Padre Hurtado. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study, with information taken from the electronic database of the center, Birth data and Interventions, between 2005 and 2015. The data was tabulated in Microsoft Excel and the analysis was done with IBM SPSS 22 version. RESULTS: It occurred 62,656 deliveries and 5,770 pregnancies that ended in an intervention, from the total, 14,030 (20.5%) occurred in girls under 20 years and 356 (0.52%) under 15 years old (yo). The number of multiparous was 940 (10.3% of all of the adolescent pregnancies). For first time pregnants under 15 yo, 68 had a reiterative pregnancy among their adolescence (19.3% of pregnant <15 yo). The median time between pregnancies was 3 years (range 1- 6 years). When a girl <15 yo gets pregnant for the first time, she has an OR of 2.25 (IC 95%: 1.71-2.95; X2: 35,46; p<0,001) of getting pregnant again during adolescence compared to girls that get pregnant between 15-18 yo. About interventions, the group under 15yo had an OR 2.75 (in Chile all forms of abortions are illegal) compared with the group above 15 years, of requiring surgery when pregnant. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of adolescent pregnancy analized, is above the national and international publications. Plus, if the pregnancy occurs under 15 yo, they have a greater chance of having another teenage pregnancy. An effective secondary prevention could be administration of contraception during immediate postpartum, ideally LARCs.

Caracterización epidemiológica del bajo peso al nacer en Centro de Salud Bárbara años 2014 y 2015

Introducción. Los recién nacidos (RN) con bajo peso al nacer (BPN) tienen 20 veces más riesgo de morir. En Guatemala se reportó 12.9% de los recién nacidos en 2014 como bajo peso al nacer. Objetivo: Determinar las características epidemiológicas y la incidencia de los factores de riesgo maternos, asociados a RN con BPN durante los años 2014 a 2015 en Centro de Salud Bárbara (CSB). Métodos: Se revisaron los expedientes de 506 partos ocurridos en CSB durante el período de tiempo establecido y se identificó a los RN con BPN. Se documentaron los factores de riesgo de cada recién nacido. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de 10.67% de BPN Los factores de riesgo fueron, bajo IMC materno, período intergenésico corto, multiparidad, ocupación ama de casa e inadecuado control prenatal. En su mayoría procedían de las aldeas Comunidad de Ruiz, Cruz Blanca, Montufar y Cerro Alto; 35% eran analfabetas. Conclusión: Los resultados de este estudio ponen en relieve la necesidad de intervención con grupos específicos de mujeres con mayor riesgo de presentar embarazos con resultados adversos, específicamente BPN. Palabras clave: Peso al nacer, bajo peso al nacer, factores de riesgo, incidencia, prevalencia, intergenésico, multiparidad

Introduction. Several studies have demonstrated that new born infants with low birth weight (LBW) have up to 20 times more risk of dying. In Guatemala 12.9% of LBW newborn were reported in 2014. Objective: To determine the incidence of maternal risk factors associated to LBW during the period 2014-2015 in a health care post (CSB). Methods: Medical records of 506 deliveries occurred in CSB during this period were reviewed and LBW infants were identified. Maternal risk factors were documented for each new born. Results: A prevalence of 10.67% low birth weight infants were found. Prevalent risk factors were, maternal low BMI, short intergenesic interval, multiparity, being a housewife as an occupation, and inadequate prenatal care. Thirty-five (35%) of patients were illiterate and mostly came from the out of town villages (Comunidad de Ruiz, Cruz Blanca, Montufar y Cerro Alto). Conclusion: Findings highlight the need of intervention for specific groups of women with higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, specifically low birth weight. Key words: Low Birth Weight, risk factor, incidence, prevalence, intergenesic, multiparous

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of milk from cows in different lactation stages and calving orders / Características físico-química e sensoriais do leite bovino em diferentes estágios de lactação e ordens de parto

Knowledge of the variation in milk composition is essential for determining milk quality, which is defined by several organoleptic properties. This study evaluated the effect of lactation stage and calving order on the physicochemical composition and sensory characteristics of milk from primiparous and multiparous lactating dairy cows. Milk samples were collected monthly from December 2011 to May 2012. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukeys test (p 0.05). Milk production (PROD), somatic cell count (SCC), and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) were significantly higher in multiparous cows, whereas the casein to total protein ratio (C/TP) was significantly higher in primiparous cows. All milk components except for non-fat dry solids (NDE) were significantly affected by lactation stage. Body condition score (BCS) was not affected by calving order or lactation stage. Color was the only sensory attribute affected by calving order. In conclusion, the physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of milk were affected by calving order and lactation stage.

O conhecimento da variação na composição do leite é essencial para determinar sua qualidade, a qual é definida por várias propriedades organolépticas. Este estudo avaliou o efeito do estágio de lactação e ordem de parto sobre a composição físico-química e as características organolépticas do leite de vacas leiteiras primíparas e multíparas. As amostras de leite foram coletadas mensalmente no período de dezembro de 2011 a maio de 2012. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de variância (ANOVA), seguida pelo teste de Tukey (p 0,05). A produção de leite (PROD), contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e nitrogênio ureico no leite (NUL) foram significativamente mais elevados em vacas multíparas, ao passo que a caseína e sua proporção na proteína total do leite (C/PT) foi significativamente mais elevada em vacas primíparas. Todos os componentes do leite foram significativamente afetados pela fase de lactação, exceto para os sólidos não gordurosos (SNG). Escores de condição corporal (ECC) não foram afetados pela ordem de parto ou estágio de lactação. A cor foi o único atributo sensorial afetado pela ordem de parto. Em conclusão, as propriedades físico-químicas e sensoriais do leite atributos foram afetadas pela ordem de parto e estágio de lactação.

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of milk from cows in different lactation stages and calving orders / Características físico-química e sensoriais do leite bovino em diferentes estágios de lactação e ordens de parto

Knowledge of the variation in milk composition is essential for determining milk quality, which is defined by several organoleptic properties. This study evaluated the effect of lactation stage and calving order on the physicochemical composition and sensory characteristics of milk from primiparous and multiparous lactating dairy cows. Milk samples were collected monthly from December 2011 to May 2012. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukeys test (p 0.05). Milk production (PROD), somatic cell count (SCC), and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) were significantly higher in multiparous cows, whereas the casein to total protein ratio (C/TP) was significantly higher in primiparous cows. All milk components except for non-fat dry solids (NDE) were significantly affected by lactation stage. Body condition score (BCS) was not affected by calving order or lactation stage. Color was the only sensory attribute affected by calving order. In conclusion, the physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of milk were affected by calving order and lactation stage.

O conhecimento da variação na composição do leite é essencial para determinar sua qualidade, a qual é definida por várias propriedades organolépticas. Este estudo avaliou o efeito do estágio de lactação e ordem de parto sobre a composição físico-química e as características organolépticas do leite de vacas leiteiras primíparas e multíparas. As amostras de leite foram coletadas mensalmente no período de dezembro de 2011 a maio de 2012. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de variância (ANOVA), seguida pelo teste de Tukey (p 0,05). A produção de leite (PROD), contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e nitrogênio ureico no leite (NUL) foram significativamente mais elevados em vacas multíparas, ao passo que a caseína e sua proporção na proteína total do leite (C/PT) foi significativamente mais elevada em vacas primíparas. Todos os componentes do leite foram significativamente afetados pela fase de lactação, exceto para os sólidos não gordurosos (SNG). Escores de condição corporal (ECC) não foram afetados pela ordem de parto ou estágio de lactação. A cor foi o único atributo sensorial afetado pela ordem de parto. Em conclusão, as propriedades físico-químicas e sensoriais do leite atributos foram afetadas pela ordem de parto e estágio de lactação.

Aspectos epidemiológicos en citologías con resultados anormales en el hospital boliviano "El Torno" / Epidemiological aspects in cytologies with abnormal results in "El Torno" Bolivian hospital

Se efectuó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal de 886 mujeres con resultados citológicos positivos, atendidas en la consulta de Ginecología del hospital "El Torno" de Bolivia, desde enero hasta diciembre del 2009, a fin de caracterizar aspectos epidemiológicos en citologías con resultados anormales. La información se obtuvo de la historia clínica individual de cada paciente y una encuesta elaborada al efecto. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó de forma computarizada, a través del sistema Epi Info 6. Se emplearon la prueba estadística Ji al cuadrado y el porcentaje como medida de resumen. En la casuística predominaron el grupo etario de 20-39 años y el diagnóstico de reacciones inflamatorias inespecíficas del cuello uterino. La positividad de los exámenes de papanicolaou mostró una tendencia descendente en relación con años anteriores. Se evidenció que las féminas iniciaron sus relaciones sexuales precozmente y la mayoría tuvo más de una pareja sexual.

An observational, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study of 886 women with positive cytological results, assisted in the Gynecology Department from "El Torno" hospital in Bolivia, was carried out from January to December, 2009, in order to characterize epidemiological aspects in cytologies with abnormal results. The information was obtained from the individual medical record of each patient and a survey elaborated to the effect. The processing of data was carried out in a computerized way, through the system Epi Info 6. Chi square test and the percentage as summary measure were used as statistical tests. The age group 20-39 years and the diagnosis of inespecific inflammatory reactions of the cervix prevailed in the case material. The positivity of the Pap smears showed a descending tendency in relation to previous years. It was evidenced that the patients began their sexual relations in an early stage and most of them had more than one sexual couple.

Efeito da ordem de parto e sexo das crias no peso do bezerro aos 120 dias de idade e escore corporal de vacas nelore / Effect of the order of calving and sex of offspring on the weight of the calf 120 days of age and body score of cows nelore

A habilidade materna é influenciada pela ordem de parto, e é uma característica que pode ser analisada com mais precisão mensurando o peso do bezerro aos 120 dias. O escore de condição corporal é um parâmetro eficaz para o incremento das eficiências produtiva e reprodutiva das matrizes. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da ordem de parto (primíparas x multíparas) e do sexo das crias no escore de condição corporal das vacas e no peso dos bezerros e das vacas. Foram pesadas e avaliadas o escore de condição corporal, 2 meses antes do parto e ao parto, 17 primíparas e 10 multíparas; e foram pesados ao nascimento e aos 120 dias de vida suas respectivas crias. As variáveis peso dos bezerros e das vacas, e o escore de condição corporal foram analisados considerando efeito de ordem de parto e de sexo das crias e as interações entre os fatores. Os efeitos das interações não foram significativos. A ordem de parto e o sexo das crias não influenciaram no escore corporal. Vacas primíparas parem bezerros mais leves e são mais pesadas no pré parto, as vacas que parem bezerros machos são mais pesadas no pré e pós parto, indicando a necessidade de manejos diferenciados para primíparas e multíparas a fim de possibilitar desenvolvimento igualitário a todos os bezerros e crescimento exponencial da produção.(AU)

The maternal ability is influenced by the order of calving, and is a feature that can be analyzed more accurately measuring the weight of the calf at 120 days. The body condition score is an effective parameter for increasing the efficiency of production and reproductive efficiency. Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of parity order (multiparous x primiparous) and sex of offspring in body condition score and weight of the cow and offspring. Were weighed and assessed the body condition score, two months before the birth and on birth, 17 primiparous and 10 multiparous, and were weighed at birth and at 120 days of age their offspring. Variables calf and cow weight and body condition score were analyzed considering the effect of calving order and sex of offspring and interactions between factors. The effects of the interactions were not significant. The order of calving and sex of the offspring did not influence the body score. Primiparous cows give birth calves lighter and are heavier on pre calving, the cows that give birth male calves are heavier before and after partum, indicating the need for different managements for primiparous and multiparous to enable equitable development for all calves and exponential growth of production.(AU)

Reproductive Response of Ewes Fed with Taiwan Grass Hay (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) Supplemented with Duckweed (Lemna sp. and Spirodela sp.).

The effect of duckweed (DW) supplementation was evaluated on dry matter intake (DMI), presence and duration of estrus, percentage of ewes repeating estrus and pregnancy rate, as well as the concentration of progesterone (P4) in multiparous crossbred ewes from Pelibuey, Dorper, and Katahdin breeds, fed with Taiwan grass hay (TWH). Eighteen ewes with 39.7±4 kg mean body weight, kept in individual pens, were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: T1: TWH, T2: TWH plus 200 g DW, T3: TWH plus 300 g DW. The ewes were synchronized with 40 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) and 400 UI equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the GLM procedure. DW supplementation had no effect on dry matter intake (p>0.05); however, a slight decrease of TWH intake was observed as DW supplementation increased. No differences (p>0.05) were found in the beginning of estrus, percentage of ewes presenting it, its duration, or pregnancy rate. There were no differences (p>0.05) on P4 concentration among treatments, or treatmentxperiod interaction (p>0.05). However the period was significant (p<0.01), since the P4 levels increased as time increased after the removal of the FGA device and eCG application.

Reproductive rates of Nellore herd at Nhumirim farm, Nhecolândia Pantanal - 10.4025/actascianimsci.v34i1.12267 / Índices reprodutivos do rebanho Nelore da fazenda Nhumirim, Pantanal da Nhecolândia - 10.4025/actascianimsci.v34i1.12267

The pregnancy rates of nulliparous, primiparous and multiparous Nellore cows were evaluated from data from four insemination stations at a farm with extensive cow-calf system, based on native pastures typical of the Pantanal. Pregnancy probabilities were calculated by a model that included the effects of final weight, initial and final body condition scores, and average daily daily gain. The pregnancy rates were analyzed by chi-square test and statistical analyses were carried out through generalized linear models, using a binomial distribution function and the logistic regression function. The pregnancy rates were 35.28, 40.98, 74.14 and 52.00% for the 2005/2006, 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 insemination stations, respectively. The nulliparous, primiparous and multiparous categories showed average pregnancy rates of 84, 43 and 47%, respectively. The effects of final weight, body condition score at the beginning of the insemination station, body condition score at the end of the insemination station and daily gain during the insemination station were significant. The probabilities of pregnancy are higher with higher final weight (except for nulliparous cows), with higher initial and final scores and higher average daily gain.

Avaliaram-se taxas de prenhez de vacas da raça Nelore das categorias nulíparas, primíparas e multíparas, a partir de dados de quatro estações de inseminações de uma fazenda com sistema extensivo de cria, com pastagens nativas típicas do Pantanal. As probabilidades de ocorrência de prenhez foram calculadas por meio de um modelo que incluiu os efeitos de peso final, escore de condição corporal inicial, escore de condição corporal final e ganho médio diário. As taxas de prenhez foram analisadas pelo teste de qui-quadrado e as análises estatísticas foram realizadas por meio de modelos lineares generalizados, empregando-se a função de distribuição binomial e a função de regressão logística. As taxas de prenhez foram 35,29; 40,98; 74,14 e 52% para as estações de inseminações de 2005/2006, de 2006/2007, de 2007/2008 e de 2008/2009, respectivamente. As categorias nulíparas, primíparas e multíparas, apresentaram as médias das taxas de prenhez de 84, 43 e 47%, respectivamente. Os efeitos de peso final, escore de condição corporal inicial, escore de condição corporal final e ganho médio diário foram significativos. As probabilidades de prenhez são elevadas com maior peso ao final (exceto para as nulíparas), com maior escore inicial e final e com maior ganho médio diário.

Transferência de embriões como ferramenta para formação de rebanho experimental ovino e análise dos fatores que podem maximizar a multiplicação do plantel / Embryo transfer as a tool to experimental sheep flock formation and stock multiplication factors analyses

Visando ao aumento do plantel de ovinos da raça Black Belly na estação experimental do Institut Scientifique de Recherche Agronomique (INRA) de Bourges, França, foram utilizadas 32 ovelhas da raça Black Belly superovuladas com FSH suíno nos últimos três dias de tratamento progestágeno de 14 dias. Após coleta cirúrgica, obtiveram-se 264 embriões transferíveis (8,2 ± 6,0/doadoras), sendo transferidos 232 a 88 receptoras da raça Romane pluríparas e 23 da raça Suffolk nulíparas. As taxas de parição e de sobrevivência embrionária foram 83,6 e 63%, respectivamente, sendo os melhores resultados observados em receptoras da raça Romane pluríparas do que nas nulíparas da raça Suffolk. O número de ovulações, de embriões transferidos e o estádio de desenvolvimento embrionário causaram efeito sobre a taxa de sobrevivência embrionária. As melhores taxas de parição e de sobrevivência embrionária foram obtidas de receptoras com mais de duas ovulações que receberam dois embriões no estádio de blastocisto.

With the purpose of increase the breeding of Black Belly sheep breed at the experimental station of the Institut Scientifique de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bourges, France, thirty-two Black Belly sheep were super ovulated with swine FSH on the last three days of a progesterone treatment. After surgical collect 264 embryos transferable were recovered (8.2 ± 6.0/ donor) and 232 were transferred to 88 multiparous Romane sheep receptors and 23 nulliparous Suffolk sheep. Birth rate and survival rate were 83.6 and 63% respectively, though the results form multiparous Romane sheep receptors were better than from nulliparous Suffolk sheep. The ovulations number, transferred embryos and development stage had an effect on embryo survival rate. The best birth and embryo survival rates were from receptors that had more than two ovulations and had two embryos implanted at the stage of blastocyst.