Cura por vacío (VAC), a propósito de un caso en Atención Primaria / Vacuum assisted closure (VAC), about a case in primary care

El síndrome compartimental agudo requiere de la descompresión quirúrgica, mediante fasciotomía, esta técnica debe ser urgente y será clave para evitar la instauración de graves secuelas. El posterior abordaje de estas heridas de difícil y lenta cicatrización suponen un reto para los profesionales de la salud y un problema para la salud pública debido a los altos costes y elevada morbilidad. La terapia de presión negativa (TPN) o cura por vacío (VAC, "vacuum assisted closure") es un tratamiento no invasivo que consigue la curación de las heridas favoreciendo la vascularización, la aparición del tejido de granulación y eliminación del exceso de exudado[AU]

Acute compartment syndrome requires surgical decompression by fasciotomy, this technique must be urgent and will be key to avoid the establishment of serious sequels. The subsequent approach to these wounds, which are difficult and slow to heal, is a challenge for health professionals and a problem for public health due to high costs and high morbidity. Negative pressure therapy (NPWT) or vacuum assisted closure (VAC) is a non-invasive treatment that achieves wound healing by promoting vascularization, the appearance of granulation tissue and elimination of excess exudate[AU]

A síndrome compartimental aguda requer descompressão cirúrgica, por fasciotomia, esta técnica deve ser urgente e será fundamental para evitar o estabelecimento de sequelas graves. O tratamento subsequente destas feridas difíceis e de cicatrização lenta é um desafio para os profissionais de saúde e um problema desaúde pública devido aos elevados custos e à elevada morbilidade. A terapia por pressão negativa (NPWT) ou o encerramento assistido por vácuo (VAC) é um tratamento não invasivo que permite a cicatrização de feridas através da promoção da vascularização, do aparecimento de tecido de granulação e da remoção do excesso de exsudado[AU]

The effectiveness of negative pressure therapy in burns: scoping review / A efetividade da terapia por pressãonegativa em queimaduras: revisão de escopo / La efectividad de la terapia de presiónnegativa en quemaduras: revisión del alcance

Objetivo: Mapear a produção científica a respeito do uso da terapia de pressão negativa no tratamento de queimaduras, em pacientes adultos e idosos hospitalizados. Método: Revisão de escopo seguindo o método da JBI com busca da produção científica na PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e Banco de Teses da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior nos meses de março a maio de 2021. Foram incluídos estudos com pacientes adultos e idosos com queimaduras, submetidos à terapia por pressão negativa no hospital. Não houve restrição de idioma, nem período de tempo. Resultados: Foram identificadas 106 publicações e, após o processo de seleção, cinco estudos compuseram a amostra final. Os resultados demonstraram que a aplicação da terapia por pressão negativa em queimaduras constituiu-se como uma ferramenta efetiva na cicatrização de queimaduras térmicas, químicas e elétricas, destacando-se a otimização do tempo de cicatrização, formação de um tecido de granulação saudável, diminuição do edema, redução da infecção, drenagem e monitorização do edema. Conclusão: O tratamento de queimaduras utilizando a pressão negativa tem se mostrado um método efetivo, visto os benefícios que promove no processo cicatricial. Sugere-se que a temática seja mais difundida, aprofundando-se o conhecimento sobre o uso desta tecnologia. (AU)

Objective: To map the scientific production regarding the use of negative pressure wound therapy in burn treatment of hospitalized adult and aged patients. Method: Scope review following the JBI method with a search for scientific production in PubMed, the Scientific Electronic Library Online, the Virtual Health Library, and the Thesis Database of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel from March to May 2021. Studies with adult and aged burn patients undergoing negative pressure wound therapy in hospitals were included. There was no language or time frame restriction. Results: 106 publications were identified and 5 studies made up the final sample after the selection process. The results demonstrated that applying negative pressure wound therapy to burns was effective in healing thermal, chemical, and electrical burns, esoecially regarding healing time optimization, healthy granulation tissue formation, edema and infection reduction, and edema drainage and monitoring. Conclusion: Burn treatment using negative pressure has proven effective, given the benefits it promotes in the healing process. The theme should be more widely spread to deepen the knowledge about the use of this technology. (AU)

Objetivo: Mapear la producción científica sobre el uso de la terapia de presión negativa en el tratamiento de quemaduras en pacientes adultos y ancianos hospitalizados. Método: Revisión de alcance siguiendo el método JBI con búsqueda de producción científica en PubMed, Biblioteca Científica Electrónica en Línea, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y Banco de Tesis de la Coordinación para el Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Educación Superior en los meses de marzo a mayo de 2021. Se incluyeron estudios con adultos y pacientes ancianos quemados sometidos a terapia de presión negativa en el hospital. No hubo restricción de idioma ni período de tiempo. Resultados: Se identificaron 106 publicaciones y luego del proceso de selección, 5 estudios conformaron la muestra final. Los resultados demostraron que la aplicación de la terapia de presión negativa en quemaduras constituyó una herramienta eficaz en la curación de quemaduras térmicas, químicas y eléctricas, destacándose la optimización del tiempo de curación, formación de tejido de granulación sano, reducción de edema, reducción de infección, drenaje y seguimiento del edema. Conclusión: El tratamiento de quemaduras mediante presión negativa ha demostrado ser un método efectivo, dados los beneficios que promueve en el proceso de cicatrización. Se sugiere que el tema sea más difundido, profundizando el conocimiento sobre el uso de esta tecnología. (AU)

Is lower fetal heart rate variability a susceptibility marker to the impact of negative coparenting on infant regulatory capacity?

Lower fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) may be a prenatal endophenotypic susceptibility marker and increase the impact of both positive and negative coparenting on infant regulatory capacity. This study analyzed the moderator role of FHRV in the association between positive and negative coparenting and infant regulatory capacity at 3 months. The sample comprised 86 first-born infants and their mothers and fathers recruited at a public Health Service in Northern Portugal. FHRV was recorded during routine cardiotocography examination at the third trimester of gestation. Mothers and fathers reported on coparenting and infant regulatory capacity at 2 weeks and 3 months postpartum. FHRV moderated the association between mother's and father's negative coparenting at 2 weeks postpartum and infant regulatory capacity at three months. Infants with low FHRV presented higher regulatory capacity when mothers or fathers reported less negative coparenting, while lower regulatory capacity when mothers or fathers reported more negative coparenting, than infants with high FHRV. Findings suggested lower FHRV as a prenatal endophenotypic susceptibility marker that increases the impact of negative coparenting on infant regulatory capacity.

La más baja variabilidad del pulso cardíaco fetal (FHRV) pudiera ser un marcador determinante de la susceptibilidad endofenotípica prenatal y aumentar el impacto de la crianza compartida tanto positiva como negativa sobre la capacidad regulatoria del infante. Este estudio analizó el papel moderador de FHRV en la asociación entre la positiva y negativa crianza compartida y la capacidad regulatoria del infante a los tres meses. El grupo muestra estaba compuesto de 86 infantes primerizos y sus mamás y papás. Se grabó la FHRV durante una examinación de cardiotocografía de rutina en el tercer trimestre de la gestación. Las mamás y los papás reportaron acerca de la crianza compartida y la capacidad regulatoria del infante a las dos semanas y a los tres meses después del parto. La FHRV moderó la asociación entre la crianza compartida negativa de la mamá y del papá a las dos semanas después del parto y la capacidad regulatoria del infante a los tres meses. Los infantes con baja FHRV presentaron una capacidad regulatoria más alta cuando las mamás o los papás reportaron una crianza compartida menos negativa, mientras que la capacidad regulatoria más baja se dio cuando las mamás o los papás reportaron una crianza compartida más negativa, que los infantes con una FHRV alta. Los resultados señalan la más baja FHRV como un marcador determinante de la susceptibilidad endofenotípica prenatal que aumenta el impacto de la crianza compartida negativa sobre la capacidad regulatoria del infante. Los infantes con baja FHRV pueden ser aquellos que mejor desarrollan mecanismos de autorregulación en la presencia de una crianza compartida menos negativa, mientras que están bajo alto riesgo de problemas regulatorios en la presencia de una crianza compartida más negativa.

Une variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque fœtale (VFCF) plus basse pourrait être un marqueur de sensibilité endophénotypique prénatale et augmenter l'impact du coparentage positif et négatif sur la capacité régulatoire du nourrisson. Cette étude a analysé le rôle modérateur de la VFCF dans le lien entre le coparentage positif et négatif et la capacité régulatoire du nourrisson à trois mois. Cet échantillon a inlu 86 nourrisson premiers nés et leurs mères et pères. La VFCF a été enregistrée penfdant un examen de cardiotocographie de routine au troisième trimestre de la grossesse. Les mères et les pères ont fait état de leur coparentage et de la capacité régulatoire du nourrisson à deux semaines et à trois mois postpartum. La VFCF a modéré le lien entre le coparentage négatif de la mère et du père à deux mois postpartum et la capacité régulatoire du nourrisson à trois mois. Les nourrissons avec une VFCF basse ont présenté une capacité régulatoire plus élevée lorsque les mères ou les pères ont signalé moins de coparentage négatif, alors qu'ils ont présenté une capacité régulatoire plus basse lorsque les mères ou les pères ont signalé un coparentage plus négatif, que les nourrissons avec une VFCF élevée. Les résultats ont suggéré une VFCF plus basse comme un marqueur de sensibilité endophénotypique prénatale qui augmente l'impact de coparentage négatif sur la capacité régulatoire du nourrisson. Les enfants avec une VFCF basse peuvent être ceux qui développent mieux leurs mécanismes auto-régulatoires en présence de moins de coparentage négatif, tout en étant à haut risque de problèmes régulatoires en présence de plus de coparentage négatif.

Dispositivo de presión negativa empleado en pacientes pediátricos con abdomen hostil: serie de casos / Negative pressure device used in pediatric patients with hostile abdomen. Case series

Introducción: El abdomen hostil es una patología quirúrgica caracterizada por una pérdida de espacio entre los órganos y estructuras del abdomen. La terapia de presión negativa se ha descrito de manera extensa en adultos, pero no así en pacientes pediátricos. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar los resultados a corto plazo de la terapia de presión negativa en pacientes pediátricos con abdomen hostil debido a distintas etiologías. Material y métodos: Identificación y análisis retrospectivo de los pacientes pediátricos con abdomen hostil (< 18 años) tratados con terapia de presión negativa ABTHERA. Resultados: Se incluyó a 7 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de 16 años (rango: 9-17). 5 (71,4%) eran niños y 2 (28,6%) niñas. 3 (43%) presentaban antecedentes médico-quirúrgicos de interés (lupus eritematoso sistémico, apendicectomía complicada y derivación ventriculoperitoneal). El dispositivo se empleó a presión constante, entre–50 y –125 mmHg. Los hallazgos preoperatorios y postoperatoriosse notificaron mediante la clasificación de Bjork. Los dispositivos sesustituyeron cada 4-7 días (mediana de 5 días). La cantidad total dereemplazos fue de 1-4 (mediana de 3). 5 (71,4%) pacientes precisaronventilación mecánica invasiva durante la terapia de presión negativadebido al estado clínico. 4 (57%) pacientes recibieron nutrición enteral.1 (14%) paciente requirió reintervención posterior al cierre definitivopor el desarrollo de un absceso retroperitoneal. El resultado, evaluadoen base a la tolerancia oral, el movimiento intestinal y la ausencia dedolor, fue favorable en todos los pacientes.Conclusión: Los dispositivos de terapia de presión negativa aportanresultados favorables en los pacientes pediátricos con abdomen hostil,aunque se necesita más información para evaluar los ajustes de presióny la frecuencia de reemplazo del dispositivo.(AU)

Introduction: Hostile abdomen is a surgical condition characterized by loss of space between organs and structures in the abdomen. Negative pressure therapy use has been widely described in adults; the case is not the same for pediatric patients. The goal of this study is to present short-term results of negative pressure therapy use in pediatric patients with hostile abdomen due to different etiologies. Materials and methods: Pediatric hostile abdomen patients (< 18 years) who were treated Negative pressure therapy using ABTHERA were identified and retrospectively reviewed. Results: 7 patients were included in this study. Median age was 16 (range: 9-17 yo). 5 (71.4%) were male and 2 (28.6%) females. 3 (43%) had significant past medical/surgical history (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, complicated appendectomy and ventriculoperitonealshunt). The device was set at a continuous pressure ranging from –50 to –125 mmHg. Pre and post-surgical findings were reported using Bjork’s classification. Devices were replaced every 4-7 days (median 5 days). Total amount of replacements was 1-4 (median 3). 5 (71.4%) patients required invasive mechanical ventilation during use of Negative pressure therapy based on clinical status. 4 (57%) patients received enteral nutrition. 1 (14%) patient required re-intervention posterior to definitive closure due to retroperitoneal abscess development. Outcome, evaluated by (oral tolerance, bowel movement and absence of pain), was favorable in all patients. Conclusion: Negative pressure therapy devices generate favorable results in hostile abdomen in pediatric population but further information is needed to assess pressure settings and device replacement frequency.(AU)

Open or closed abdomen post laparotomy to control severe abdominal sepsis: a survival analysis / Abdome aberto ou fechado pós-laparotomia para controle de sepse de foco intra-abdominal severa: uma análise de sobrevivência

ABSTRACT Introduction: severe abdominal sepsis, accompained by diffuse peritonitis, poses a significant challenge for most surgeons. It often requires repetitive surgical interventions, leading to complications and resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. The open abdomen technique, facilitated by applying a negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT), reduces the duration of the initial surgical procedure, minimizes the accumulation of secretions and inflammatory mediators in the abdominal cavity and lowers the risk of abdominal compartment syndrome and its associated complications. Another approach is primary closure of the abdominal aponeurosis, which involves suturing the layers of the abdominal wall. Methods: the objective of this study is to conduct a survival analysis comparing the treatment of severe abdominal sepsis using open abdomen technique versus primary closure after laparotomy in a public hospital in the South of Brazil. We utilized data extracted from electronic medical records to perform both descriptive and survival analysis, employing the Kaplan-Meier curve and a log-rank test. Results: the study sample encompassed 75 laparotomies conducted over a span of 5 years, with 40 cases employing NPWT and 35 cases utilizing primary closure. The overall mortality rate observed was 55%. Notably, survival rates did not exhibit statistical significance when comparing the two methods, even after stratifying the data into separate analysis groups for each technique. Conclusion: recent publications on this subject have reported some favorable outcomes associated with the open abdomen technique underscoring the pressing need for a standardized approach to managing patients with severe, complicated abdominal sepsis.

RESUMO Introdução: a sepse abdominal grave, com peritonite difusa, é um grande desafio para o cirurgião geral, sendo muito frequente as reintervenções cirúrgicas e complicações desta doença, que apresenta morbimortalidade elevada. A proposta do abdome aberto, aplicando-se a terapia por pressão negativa (TPN), reduz o tempo operatório da primeira abordagem cirúrgica, reduz o acúmulo de secreções e mediadores inflamatórios no sítio abdominal, diminui a possibilidade de síndrome compartimental abdominal e suas complicações. A outra técnica é a síntese primária, quando é optado por fechar a parede por completo. Métodos: o objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma análise de sobrevivência comparando os tratamentos de sepse intra-abdominal severa com Abdome Aberto e Fechado após laparotomia em um hospital universitário no sul do Brasil. As variáveis foram obtidas a partir de prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica e realizou-se uma análise descritiva e de sobrevivência usando a curva de Kaplan-Meier e o teste de log-rank. Resultados: a amostra incluiu 75 laparotomias em 5 anos (40 TPN e 35 sínteses primárias), com mortalidade de 55%. A sobrevida entre os métodos de fechamento não demonstrou significância estatística, mesmo após a divisão em um grupo de análise de cada técnica. Conclusão: recentes publicações destacam resultados favoráveis do abdome aberto, enfatizando a necessidade urgente de uma sistematização na assistência de pacientes com sepse abdominal complicada grave.

Recusa familiar para doação de córneas para transplante: fatores associados e tendência / Negativa familiar para donación de córneas para trasplante: factores asociados y tendencia / Family refusal to donate a cornea for transplantation: associated factors and trends

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a recusa familiar de doação de córnea para transplante em uma Organização de Procura de Órgãos. Métodos Estudo quantitativo do tipo transversal sobre as recusas de córnea de doadores em situação de morte encefálica. A fonte de dados foi constituída pelos Termos de Autorização de Doação de Órgãos e Tecidos firmados entre janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2020 em uma Organização de Procura de Órgãos. Os dados foram coletados, tabulados e analisados de forma descritiva e inferencial. O presente estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados Dos 2.447 Termos de Autorização de Doação de Órgãos e Tecidos firmados no período, 620 (25.34%) recusaram a doação de córneas. Com relação à tendência temporal de recusas de doação de córneas, o único período que apresentou significância foi de 2001 a 2009, quando as faixas etárias de zero a 11 anos e 12 a 19 anos demonstraram tendência decrescente, e a faixa etária maior ou igual a 60 anos, mostrou-se crescente. No período total de 2001 a 2020, as faixas etárias dos 20 a 40 anos, 41 a 59 anos e maior ou igual a 60 anos apresentaram, 48%, 59% e 73%, respectivamente, menores chances de recusa da doação de córneas. Conclusão A faixa etária apresentou associação com a recusa, tendo em vista que os indivíduos de maior idade apresentaram maiores índices.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la negativa familiar de donación de córneas para trasplante en una Organización de Búsqueda de Órganos. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo tipo transversal sobre la negativa de córnea de donantes en situación de muerte encefálica. La fuente de datos estuvo compuesta por los Términos de Autorización de Donación de Órganos y Tejidos firmados entre enero de 2001 y diciembre de 2020 en una Organización de Búsqueda de Órganos. Se recopilaron los datos, luego se tabularon y se analizaron de forma descriptiva e inferencial. El presente estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados De los 2447 Términos de Autorización de Donación de Órganos y Tejidos firmados en el período, 620 (25,34 %) negaron la donación de córneas. Con relación a la tendencia temporal de negativas de donación de córneas, el único período que presentó significación fue de 2001 a 2009, cuando los grupos de edad de 0 a 11 años y de 12 a 19 años demostraron una tendencia decreciente, y el grupo de edad mayor o igual a 60 años se mostró creciente. En el período total de 2001 a 2020, los grupos de edad de 20 a 40 años, de 41 a 59 años y mayor o igual a 60 años presentaron un 48 %, un 59 % y un 73 %, respectivamente, menor probabilidad de negativa de donación de córneas. Conclusión El grupo de edad presentó relación con la negativa, considerando que los individuos de mayor edad presentan mayores índices.

Abstract Objective To analyze family refusals to donate a cornea for transplantation in an Organ Procurement Organization. Methods This was a quantitative cross-sectional study on corneal donation refusals from potential brain-dead donors. The data source was based on the Terms of Authorization for Donation of Organs and Tissues signed from January 2001 to December 2020 in an Organ Procurement Organization. Data were collected, tabulated, and analyzed in a descriptive and inferential manner. The present study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results Of the 2,447 Terms of Authorization for Donation of Organs and Tissues signed in the above period, 620 (25.34%) of them refused to donate a cornea. Regarding the time trend of corneal donation refusals, the period 2001-2009 was the only one that showed significance, when the 0-11 and 12-19 age groups showed a decreasing trend and that of 60 years or older showed an increasing trend. In the period 2001-2020, the age groups of 20-40, 41-59, and 60 years or older had lower rates of refusal to donate a cornea (48%, 59%, and 73%, respectively). Conclusion The age group is associated with refusal because older individuals had the highest refusal rates.

Vesículas de membrana externa (OMVs) extraídas de Escherichia coli e de Klebesiella pneumoniae

Gram-negative bacteria are major pathogens that develop antibiotic resistance and cause distinct types of infections. According to the WHO (World Health Organization), bacterial resistance is considered a public health problem. Multiresistance Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli are prevalent in many hospitals. These bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) these vesicles can contribute to bacterial survival by eliminating toxic compounds, removing misfolded periplasmic proteins, establishing a colonization niche, biofilm formation, drug delivery, and modulation of host defense and response. This work aimed to evaluate the production and extraction of OMVs produced by E. coli and K. pneumoniae, comparing two different gel filtration and ultracentrifugation methods. Furthermore, we evaluated the interference of OMVs on the growth of enteropathogenic E. coli, uropathogenic E. coli, and hematophatogenic K. pneumoniae strains verifying the viability test. The gel filtration extraction system obtained an elevated concentration when compared to ultracentrifugation method. We observed the presence of OmpA by eletrophoresis and Dot blotting, responsible for the structure of OMVs. The results showed interferences of OMV EC086-UC, EC086-GF and OMV-KP70 on E2348/69 growth were directly proportional to the concentration of OMVs but inversely proportional to the concentration of OMVs with OMV-KP70 on EC086 and KP70 growth. We concluded that vesicle interference on EC086, E2348/69, and KP70 growth should not be based only on optical density parameters but complemented with the viability test of each bacterium strain. The use of biotechnology tools like genetic modifications, OMVs can perform multiple functions carrying molecules with many capabilities to be applied in many fields such as immunology, diagnostics, clinical medicine.

As bactérias Gram-negativas são patógenos que apresentam resistência a diversos antibióticos. De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), a resistência antimicrobiana é um problema de saúde pública. A Escherichia coli e a Klebsiella pneumoniae são multirresistentes e prevalentes nos ambientes hospitalares. Estas bactérias produzem vesículas de membrana externa (OMVs) e possuem diversas funções como: contribuição para a sobrevivência das bactérias através da neutralização de componentes tóxicos, eliminação de proteínas desnaturadas, estabelecimento do nicho de colonização, formação de biofilme, entrega de drogas, modulação do sistema de defesa e resposta imune. Este trabalho avaliou a produção e extração de OMVs produzidas por cepas de E. coli e K. pneumoniae comparando os métodos de extração das mesmas por da gel filtração e ultracentrifugação. Além disso, através do teste de viabilidade bacteriana avaliamos a interferência das OMVs no crescimento de E. coli enteropatogência, E. coli uropatogênica e K. pneumoniae hematopatogênica. A purificação das OMVs por gel filtração apresentou uma concentração elevada quando comparada com o método de ultracentrifugação. Identificamos, para ambos os métodos, através da eletroforese e imunoensaio a presença da proteína de membrana externa a OmpA, responsável pela estrutura das OMVs. Demonstramos pelos resultados que as EC086-UC, EC086-GF e OMV-KP70 interferiram no crescimento da cepa E2348/69 com padrão diretamente proporcional quando comparado com a concentração das vesículas. O contrário ocorreu na interferência da OMV KP70-UC, atuando sobre o crescimento de EC086 e KP70 de forma inversamente proporcional quando comparado com a concentração das vesículas. Concluímos que a interferência das vesículas sobre o crescimento deve levar em conta os parâmetros de densidade óptica e a viabilidade bacteriana. Assim, com as diversas ferramentas da biotecnologia como a engenharia genética podemos desenvolver OMVs capazes de carrear diversas moléculas e ser aplicada em vários campos da imunologia, diagnósticos e na medicina clínica.

Non-suicidal self-injury in young adults with and without borderline personality disorder: the role of emotion dysregulation and negative urgency / Autolesión no suicida en adultos jóvenes con y sin trastorno límite de la personalidad: el papel de la desregulación emocional y la urgencia negativa

La Autolesión No Suicida (ANS) se define como un dolor auto-infligido que se utiliza como un mecanismo para aliviar la angustia psicoló-gica. Aunque ANS es común en el trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP), también es un problema creciente en estudiantes universitarios. Si bien la desregulación emocional y la urgencia negativa están asociadas con ANS, poco se sabe sobre las dimensiones específicas que predicen la moti-vación (funciones) y la frecuencia de las autolesiones. Se exploró la relación entre la desregulación emocional, la urgencia negativa, y ANS en 86 adultos jóvenes, divididos en tres grupos: estudiantes universitarios con ANS, pa-cientes TLP con ANS y un grupo de control sano sin ANS. Realizamos análisis de regresión múltiple para predecir las funciones y frecuencia de ANS. La no aceptación de las emociones, una dimensión especifica de la desregulación emocional, predijo de manera única las funciones intraperso-nales de ANS, pero no las funciones interpersonales. Por último, la falta de estrategias de regulación emocional predijo la frecuencia de ANS solo en individuos con una alta urgencia negativa, es decir, individuos que tienden a actuar impulsivamente cuando experimentan emociones negativas, pero no en aquellos con una baja urgencia negativa. Los hallazgos resaltan las moti-vaciones subyacentes a la autolesión y revelan facetas de la desregulación emocional relevantes para el tratamiento de ANS.(AU)

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as self-inflicted pain, and it is used as a mechanism to alleviate psychological distress. Although NSSI is prevalent in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), it is also an increasing concern among college student populations. While emotion dysregulation and negative urgency are associated with NSSI, little is known about which dimensions specifically predict the motivations (NSSI-functions) and frequency of self-harm. The current study explored the rela-tionship between emotion dysregulation, negative urgency, and NSSI in 86 young adults, divided into three groups: college students with NSSI, BPD patients with NSSI, and a healthy control group without NSSI. We con-ducted multiple regression analyses to predicted NSSI-functions and NSSI-frequency. Non-acceptance of emotions, a specific dimension of emotion dysregulation, uniquely predicted intrapersonal NSSI-functions (e.g., regu-lating distressing emotions), but not interpersonal NSSI-functions (e.g., communicating distress). Lastly, poor emotion regulation strategies pre-dicted NSSI-frequency only in individuals with high negative urgency, that is, individuals who tend to act impulsively when experiencing negative emotions, but not in those with low negative urgency. Findings shed light on the underlying motivations for engaging in self-injury, and they reveal facets of emotion dysregulation relevant for NSSI treatment.(AU)

Enteroatmospheric fistulas in open abdomen in trauma associated with abdominal reintervention and VAC therapy.

BACKGROUND: Open abdomen is an alternative for the management of trauma patient, and negative pressure therapy of the wound using VAC® device is a genuine sort of treatment. Although the device poses technical advantages, risks are present and a critical complication is the enteroatmospheric fistula formation (EAF). OBJECTIVE: To analize the role of negative pressure therapy length and VAC® device number of changes on the EAF formation in trauma patients udergoing open abdomen. METHOD: Cut-off points were calculated using receiver operational characteristics curve. Values were compared with Student's t or Mann-Withney U tests, considering statistically significant p < 0.05. RESULTS: EAF were present in 39 cases (5.9%). A significant difference in the presence of EAF was present in patients with negative pressure therapy of the wound length ≥ 11.2 days (46.9 vs. 1.3%; relative risk [RR]: 3.67; 95% confidence interval [95% IC]: 2.4-6.68; p = 0.017) and when ≥ 2.6 VAC® device changes were performed (34.6 vs. 0.5%; RR: 6.92; 95% IC: 1.1-4.3; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: At our institution, the practice of >3 VAC® device changes and length of therapy > 11 days should be carefully considered leading to reduce the risk of EAF formation.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El abdomen abierto es una alternativa para manejar al paciente traumatizado, y una variante para instituirlo es la terapia de presión negativa de la herida con el dispositivo VAC®. Aunque tiene ventajas técnicas, no está exento de riesgos y una complicación crítica es la formación de fístulas enteroatmosféricas (FEA). OBJETIVO: Analizar el papel de la duración de la terapia de presión negativa y del número de cambios del dispositivo VAC® sobre la aparición de FEA en pacientes traumatizados manejados con abdomen abierto. MÉTODO: Se establecieron puntos de corte con curva de características operacionales del receptor. Los valores se compararon con la prueba t de Student o U de Mann-Whitney, considerando p < 0.05 como valor estadísticamente significativo. RESULTADOS: La FEA se presentó en 39 casos (5.9%). Hubo una diferencia significativa en la aparición de FEA en pacientes con duración de la terapia de presión negativa de la herida ≥ 11.2 días (46.9 vs 1.3%; riesgo relativo [RR]: 3.67; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 2.4-6.68; p = 0.017) y cuando se practicaron ≥ 2.6 cambios del dispositivo VAC® (34.6 vs. 0.5%; RR: 6.92; IC95%: 1.1-4.3; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONES: En nuestra institución, la práctica de más de tres cambios del dispositivo VAC® y el mantenimiento de la terapia por más de 11 días debe ser cuidadosamente considerado para reducir el riesgo de formación de FEA.

Curativo a vácuo simplificado: estudo de viabilidade operacional e financeira no tratamento de feridas / Simplified vacuum dressing system: operational and financial feasibility study in the management of wounds

Introdução: O alto custo da terapia de pressão negativa (TPN) torna o procedimento menos acessível em instituições com recursos limitados. Para resolver o problema, têm sido propostos os curativos a vácuo simplificados, mas a utilidade desses equipamentos ainda é pouco estudada. O objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar a viabilidade (operacional e financeira) de um modelo de curativo a vácuo simplificado (MCVS). Método: A viabilidade operacional foi avaliada por meio de estudo de tempo de instalação e quantidade de curativos realizados; a financeira, por análise de custos econômicos de trocas de curativos. Resultados: Foram tratadas 50 feridas (25 em cada grupo: MCVS x hidrofibra prata). Para o MCVS, o número de curativos por paciente foi menor, enquanto o tempo de instalação, maior. MCVS apresentou custos maiores. O aumento de custo associado a MCVS foi relacionado ao preço médio de comercialização do produto e quantidade de trocas de curativos; tempo de tratamento e tempo de instalação do MCVS não interferiram em custos. Em contraste, os custos do MCVS se mostraram bem inferiores aos custos anunciados para a TPN convencional. Conclusão: MCVS foi considerado viável desde que seja feito por equipes qualificadas e resulte em poucas trocas de curativos (< 3).

Introduction: The high cost of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) makes the procedure less accessible in institutions with limited resources. To solve the problem, streamlined vacuum dressings have been proposed, but the usefulness of these devices has been poorly studied. The objective of this work is to evaluate the feasibility (operational and financial) of a simplified vacuum dressing system model (SVDM). Methods: Operational viability was assessed by studying application time and quantity of dressings performed; financial viability, by analyzing the economic costs of dressing changes. Results: Fifty wounds were treated (25 in each group: SVDM x silver hydrofiber). For SVDM, the number of dressings per patient was lower, while the application time was higher. The SVDM showed higher costs. The increase in the expenses associated with the SVDM was related to the average selling price of the product and the number of dressing changes; treatment time and application time of the SVDM did not interfere with costs. In contrast, SVDM costs proved to be below the announced expenses for conventional NPWT. Conclusion: SVDM was considered viable as long as qualified teams perform it and results in few dressing changes (< 3).

Sistema de presión negativa en loxoscelismo cutáneo-visceral. Reporte de un caso

Introducción: Las mordeduras por araña parda pueden manifestarse desde una simple lesión dérmica en el área de la mordedura, hasta formas graves, con falla orgánica múltiple. Caso Clínico: presentamos el caso de una paciente con mordedura por araña parda, quien presenta inicialmente lesiones dérmicas sin necrosis, evolucionando con áreas de necrosis y el desarrollo de síndrome compartimental de extremidad, sepsis, choque séptico y falla renal. Mejora tras manejo intensivo, anti veneno y colocación de terapia de presión negativa (TPN) en herida, conservando la extremidad afectada integra y recuperando la función renal. Discusion: Este caso en particular presenta los tres tipos de manifestaciones que se generan en el loxoscelismo, las cuales son una forma de presentación poco frecuente. El tratamiento con TPN se ha introducido como una terapia poderosa, no farmacológica para ayudar a acelerar el proceso de cicatrización de heridas y puede ser de utilidad en pacientes con mordedura de araña (loxoscelismo).

Introduction: The brown spider bites have the peculiarity of manifesting from a simple skin lesion in the area of the bite, to severe forms, with multiple organic failure. Clinical Case: We present the case of a patient with a brown spider bite, initially presenting dermal lesions without necrosis, evolving with areas of necrosis and the development of compartment syndrome of extremities, sepsis, septic shock and renal failure. Improvement after intensive management and installation in negative pressure therapy wound (NPT), keeping the affected limb integrated and recovering renal function. Discussion: This case in particular presents the three types of manifestations that are generated in loxoscelism, which are a rare form of presentation. The NPT treatment has been introduced as a powerful, non-pharmacological and physical therapy to help accelerate the wound healing process and may be useful in patients with spider bites.

Aceptación, rechazo y vacilación a recibir la vacuna contra COVID-19: estudio multicéntrico / Acceptance, rejection and hesitancy to receive the vaccine against COVID-19: a multicenter study

Objetivos: Determinar la predisposición a recibir esta vacuna contra SARS-CoV-2. Materiales y métodos: Se aplicó un diseño observacional de corte transversal en la población adulta del Paraguay entre mayo y octubre 2022. se aplicó el cuestionario de Kotta et al previamente validado, el cual fue difundido por redes sociales. Resultados: Se incluyeron 303 encuestados, con edad media 34 ± 12 años y predominio del sexo femenino (64,0%). En la muestra, 51,8% padeció COVID-19 y 97,3% ya recibió al menos una dosis de la vacuna. Se detectó que 58,4% aceptada la vacuna, 17,8% vacilaba en recibirla y 23,7% la rechazaba. La aceptación fue más frecuente en los varones (p 0,05). Conclusión: En el momento epidemiológico de disponibilidad universal de la vacuna y habiendo aún sujetos afectados por COVID-19, el rechazo a la misma fue 23,7%.

Objectives: To determine the predisposition to receive this vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods: An observational cross-sectional design was applied in the adult population of Paraguay between May and October 2022. The previously validated questionnaire of Kotta et al was applied, which was disseminated through social networks. Results: 303 respondents were included, with a mean age of 34 ± 12 years and predominance of the female sex (64.0%). In the sample, 51.8% suffered from COVID-19 and 97.3% have already received at least one dose of the vaccine. It was detected that 58.4% accepted the vaccine, 17.8% hesitated to receive it and 23.7% rejected it. Acceptance was more frequent in males (p 0.05). Conclusion: At the epidemiological moment of universal availability of the vaccine and with subjects still affected by COVID-19, rejection of it was 23.7%.

Terapia E-VAC como tratamiento de complicaciones en cirugía gastrointestinal en centro de referencia de gastroenterología en Colombia: Serie de casos

Las fístulas y dehiscencias anastomóticas postoperatorias gastrointestinales se presentan de forma frecuente y muchas son manejadas quirúrgicamente, sin embargo, las intervenciones endoscópicas han mostrado mejorar desenlaces de curación y tiempo de estancia hospitalaria. Se describe la experiencia de la terapia de cierre asistida por vacío (E-VAC), en el manejo de fístulas y dehiscencias anastomóticas postoperatorias, en un centro de referencia gastrointestinal en Colombia. Se realizó un estudio serie de casos en pacientes con dehiscencia de anastomosis y fístula a diferentes niveles del tracto digestivo, tratados mediante E-VAC, por el servicio de gastroenterología de la clínica universitaria Colombia, en Bogotá, durante un periodo comprendido de febrero 2019 y noviembre 2021. Se describieron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y quirúrgicas. Se describen 6 casos, 4 de tracto digestivo inferior y 2 de tracto digestivo superior. El 83% fueron hombres, la edad media fue de 51,8 años (+/-17,5). La indicación de E-VAC fue fístula anastomótica colorrectal en el 66%, siendo la ubicación anatómica más frecuente la anastomosis colorrectal (66%), con menor frecuencia a nivel de los cardias (16%) y esófago (16%). El tamaño del defecto se describió entre el 20 y el 80% en pacientes sometidos a terapia E-VAC, siendo el tiempo promedio de hospitalización 22.5 días con un número de recambios promedio de siete por paciente. Las fugas y fístulas anastomóticas son complicaciones potencialmente mortales en pacientes llevados a intervenciones quirúrgicas gastrointestinales, en las que la terapia E-VAC ha mostrado ser eficaz y segura, promoviendo el cierre del defecto y el drenaje de colecciones presentes, igualmente disminuyendo el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria.

Gastrointestinal postoperative anastomotic leaks and fistulas occur frequently and many are managed surgically; however, endoscopic interventions have shown to improve healing outcomes and length of hospital stay. The experience of vacuum-assisted closure therapy (E-VAC) is described, in complications such as fistulasand postoperative anastomotic leaks, in a gastrointestinal reference center in Colombia. A case series study was carried out in patients with anastomotic leaks and fistulasat different levels of the digestive tract, treated by E-VAC, by the Gastroenterology Service in Colombia, during a period from February 2019 to November 2021. Sociodemographic, clinical and surgical variables were described. 6 cases are described, 4 from lower digestive tract and 2 from upper digestive tract. 83% were men; the mean age was 51.8 years (+/-17.5). The indication for E-VAC was colorectal anastomotic fistula in 66%; the most frequent anatomical location was near the anal region (66%), less frequently at the level of the cardia (16%) and esophagus (16%). The size of the defect was described between 20 and 80% in patients undergoing E-VAC therapy, with an average hospitalization length of stay of 22.5 days, with an average number of exchanges of seven per patient. Anastomotic leaks and fistulasare potentially fatal complications in gastrointestinal surgery. E-VAC therapy has shown to be effective and safe, promoting defect closure and drainage of collections present, also decreasing the length of hospital stay.

Manejo del paciente con fístula enteroatmosférica: plan de cuidados individualizado / Management of patients with enteroatmospheric fistula: an individualized plan of care

La fístula enteroatmosférica (FEA) es una comunicación no natu-ral entre el tracto gastrointestinal y la piel o la atmósfera. Sepresenta el caso clínico de un varón de 58 años con FEA y shockséptico secundario a peritonitis, con antecedentes de múltiplesintervenciones quirúrgicas por eventración abdominal recidivada,perforación intestinal y hernia epigástrica. A su llegada a laUnidad de referencia de abdomen catastrófico de Andalucía(España) se realizó valoración según patrones funcionales deMarjory Gordon y se advirtió: fallo intestinal tipo 2, sarcopenia,abdomen abierto con pérdida total de la pared abdominal, faltade conocimiento acerca de su problema de salud y dependenciasevera. Se diseñó un plan de cuidados según la taxonomía NAN-DA-NOC-NIC para los diagnósticos de “Deterioro de la integridadcutánea”, “Conocimientos deficientes” y “Déficit de autocuidadoen el baño/vestido/inodoro”. Se establecieron objetivos NOCenfocados a la “Integridad tisular”, “Cuidados de la ostomía” y“Autocuidado en baño/higiene/vestido/inodoro”. Se efectuó curade la herida con terapia de presión negativa con estoma flotantecon una prótesis personalizada de biomaterial impreso en 3D,Astarté. Al alta hospitalaria (trascurridos siete meses) todos losindicadores aumentaron notablemente su puntuación basal en3-4 puntos, concluyendo la gran efectividad de un plan de cuida-dos holístico realizado por un equipo interdisciplinar, junto a téc-nicas innovadoras y eficaces de cuidado de las FEA.(AU)

Enteroatmospheric fistula (EAF) is a non-natural communicationbetween the gastrointestinal tract and the skin or atmosphere.We present the clinical case of a 58-year-old male with EAF andseptic shock secondary to peritonitis, with a past history ofmultiple surgical interventions due to relapsed abdominaleventration, bowel perforation, and epigastric hernia. At his arrivalat the Catastrophic Abdomen Unit of Reference for Andalusia(Spain), there was assessment according to Marjory Gordon’sFunctional Health Patterns, and the following were noticed: Type2 bowel failure, sarcopenia, open abdomen with complete loss ofthe abdominal wall, lack of knowledge about his health problem,and severe dependence. A plan of care was designed accordingto the NANDA-NOC-NIC taxonomy for the diagnoses: “Impairedskin integrity”, “Deficient knowledge”, and “Self-care deficit forbathing/dressing/toileting”. NOC objectives were determinedfocused on: “Tissue integrity”, “Ostomy care”, and “Self-care inbathing/hygiene/dressing/toileting”. The wound was curedthrough negative pressure therapy with floating stoma with apersonalized 3D-printed biomaterial prosthesis (Astarté). Athospital discharge (after seven months), all indicators hadsignificantly increased their basal score by 3-4 points; theconclusion was that a holistic plan of care conducted by aninterdisciplinary team and implemented alongside innovative andeffective techniques for EAF care was highly effective.(AU)

Carcinoma de mama triple negativo. Estudio anatomo-estadístico / Triple- negative breast cancer. An anatomical and statistical study

Introducción: El carcinoma de mama triple negativo se asocia a un comportamiento biológico más agresivo y de desfavorable pronóstico. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia del subtipo molecular triple negativo en carcinomas mamarios y su relación con otras variables clínico-patológicas de valor pronóstico. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, en el Hospital Universitario Docente «Celestino Hernández Robau» de Villa Clara, en el período comprendido de enero de 2017 a junio de 2019, con el fin de determinar la incidencia de los tumores triples negativos y su relación con las variables edad, talla tumoral, tipo y grado histológicos e índice de proliferación. Resultados: Se determinó la incidencia del subtipo molecular triple negativo en carcinomas mamarios y su relación con las formas histológicas moderada y poco diferenciadas. Conclusiones: El subtipo molecular triple negativo en carcinomas mamarios está asociado con frecuencia a: la edad posmenopáusica, el tipo histológico ductal, el grado histológico alto, altos índices de Ki-67 y talla tumoral mayor de 2 cm.

Introduction: triple-negative breast cancer has a more aggressive biological behaviour and is associated with an unfavourable prognosis. Objective: to determine the incidence of triple- negative breast cancer molecular subtypes and its relationship with other clinical and pathological variables of prognostic value. Methods: a descriptive and retrospective study was carried out at "Celestino Hernández Robau" University Teaching Hospital from Villa Clara between January 2017 and June 2019 in order to determine the incidence of triple- negative tumors and its relationship with the variables: age, tumor size, histological type and grade as well as proliferative index. Results: the incidence of triple- negative breast cancer molecular subtype and its relationship with moderate and poorly differentiated histological forms were determined. Conclusions: triple- negative breast cancer molecular subtype is frequently associated with postmenopausal age, ductal histological type, high histological grade, high Ki-67 indices and tumor size greater than 2 cm.

Use of negative pressure therapy in closed surgical incisions of post-bariatric dermolipectomy / Uso da terapia de pressão negativa em incisões cirúrgicas fechadas de dermolipectomia pós-bariátrica

Introduction: Negative pressure therapy gains ground in surgical practice as an intervention to improve healing. Post-bariatric patients undergoing abdominal dermolipectomy are at increased risk of local complications. There is a notable dearth of current Brazilian studies on this. This study aims to analyze the presence of complications in patients undergoing post-bariatric dermolipectomy surgery with negative pressure dressing in closed surgical incisions. Method: Descriptive study that evaluated complications of surgical incisions in 20 patients undergoing post-bariatric dermolipectomy surgery with negative pressure therapy. Data tabulated in Windows Excel software and analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 18.0 program. Qualitative variables were presented in simple frequency and quantitative as mean, standard deviation, and amplitude. CEP-UNISUL approved the study. Results: 20 patients undergoing negative pressure therapy, 80% (n=16) female, mean age 39.55 years (±9.08). Anchor incision was chosen in 70% (n=14) of the surgeries, with an average tissue removal of 1940 grams (±710.37) and hospitalization time of 40.20 hours (±19.18), corresponding to 1,66 daily. Only 15% (n=3) of patients had complications (dehiscence, seroma, and hematoma, which occurred in the same proportion). There was no case of necrosis. Conclusion: The use of negative pressure therapy in closed surgical incisions of post-bariatric dermolipectomy seems to contribute to reducing postoperative complications.

Introdução: Terapia de pressão negativa ganha espaço na prática cirúrgica como intervenção para melhorar cicatrização. Pacientes pós-bariátricos submetidos a dermolipectomia abdominal apresentam maior risco de complicações locais. Há uma notável escassez de estudos brasileiros atuais acerca disso. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar a presença de complicações em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de dermolipectomia pós-bariátrica com curativo de pressão negativa em incisões cirúrgicas fechadas. Método: Estudo descritivo que avaliou complicações de incisões cirúrgicas de 20 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de dermolipectomia pós-bariátrica com terapia de pressão negativa. Dados tabulados no software Windows Excel e analisados no programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 18.0. Variáveis qualitativas foram apresentadas em frequência simples e quantitativas através de média, desvio padrão e amplitude. O estudo foi aprovado pelo CEP-UNISUL. Resultados: 20 pacientes submetidos a terapia de pressão negativa, sendo 80% (n=16) do sexo feminino, com idade média de 39,55 anos (±9,08). Incisão em âncora foi escolha em 70% (n=14) das cirurgias, com retirada média de tecido de 1940 gramas (±710,37) e tempo de hospitalização de 40,20 horas (±19,18), correspondendo a 1,66 diárias. Apenas 15% (n=3) dos pacientes apresentaram complicações (deiscência, seroma e hematoma, que aconteceram na mesma proporção). Não houve caso de necrose. Conclusão: Uso da terapia de pressão negativa em incisões cirúrgicas fechadas de dermolipectomia pós-bariátrica parece contribuir na redução das complicações pós-operatórias.

Propuesta de diagnóstico de enfermería: riesgo de negativa a la vacunación / Nursing diagnosis proposal: risk of vaccination refusal

Introducción: La vacunación es, en la actualidad, la mejor herramienta para la prevención de enfermedades en salud pública, evitándose, gracias a la misma, alrededor de entre 2 y 3 millones de defunciones anualmente. No obstante, los movimientos antivacunas y su crecimiento ponen en riesgo la salud de la comunidad, siendo Enfermería una de las piezas más importantes en la lucha frente a estos movimientos y a la desinformación.Objetivo: Elaborar una propuesta de diagnóstico enfermero que registre la susceptibilidad de aparición del rechazo a la vacunación.Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos (LILACS, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Cochrane y Scopus) para sustentar la propuesta de diagnóstico en la evidencia científica más reciente y con el más alto nivel de calidad.Resultados: Se propone la creación del diagnóstico “Riesgo de negativa a la vacunación”, cuya definición es “susceptible de rechazar la inmunización frente a enfermedades transmisibles y/o mortales, poniendo en riesgo la salud del usuario y la salud pública”.Discusión: Dentro de la Taxonomía II, este diagnóstico quedaría enmarcado en el Dominio 11, seguridad/protección, y a la clase 5, procesos defensivos.Conclusiones: Al no existir un diagnóstico de Enfermería relacionado con la vacunación, proceso en el que las enfermeras desempeñan un papel activo, y ante la amenaza que suponen los movimientos antivacunas, el diagnóstico Riesgo de negativa a la vacunación supone un importante avance en el cuerpo de conocimientos enfermero. (AU)

Introduction: Vaccination is, nowadays, the best tool for the prevention of diseases in public health, avoiding, thanks to it, around 2 to 3 million deaths annually. However, anti-vaccine movements and their growth put public health at risk, being Nursing one of the most important pieces in the fight against these groups and misinformation. Objective: To elaborate a diagnosis proposal that registers the susceptibility to the appearance of vaccination refusal. Methodology: A bibliographic search was carried out in different databases (LILACS, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus) to support the creation of the diagnosis on the most recent scientific evidence and with the highest level of quality. Results: We propose the creation of the diagnosis "Risk of refusal of vaccination", whose definition is "susceptible to refuse immunization against communicable and/or fatal diseases, putting the user's health and public health at risk". Discussion: within Taxonomy II, is included in Domain 11, safety/protection, and in class 5, defensive processes. Conclusions: In the absence of a Nursing diagnosis related to vaccination, a process in which nurses play an active role, and in the face of the threat posed by anti-vaccine movements, the diagnosis Risk of refusal of vaccination represents an important advance in the body of nursing knowledge. (AU)

Utilidad del índice neutrófilo-linfocito en la detección de apendicectomías negativas / The role of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in avoiding negative appendectomies

Introducción: El índice neutrófilo-linfocito (INL) es un biomarcador inflamatorio fácilmente calculable a partir del recuento diferencial de leucocitos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el papel del INL en la detección de apendicetomías negativas, y comparar su utilidad con otros factores clínicos, ecográficos y de laboratorio previamente descritos. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en pacientes menores de 16 años con sospecha de apendicitis aguda intervenidos en nuestra institución entre 2017-2020, que fueron divididos en 2 grupos según hallazgos histológicos apendiculares: Grupo AN: apendicitis negativa; ausencia de inflamación y grupo AP: apendicitis positiva; presencia de inflamación en la pared apendicular. Se analizaron las características demográficas, clínicas, ecográficas y de laboratorio. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1.269 pacientes (1.244 en el grupo AP; 25 en el grupo AN), sin diferencias demográficas entre ellos. Los pacientes del grupo AN presentaron un porcentaje significativamente menor de náuseas y vómitos en comparación con el grupo AP (p<0,001) y menor diámetro ecográfico apendicular (8,1±2,1 vs. 9,7±2,8mm; p<0,001). Los recuentos de leucocitos, neutrófilos e INL fueron significativamente superiores en el grupo AP (p<0,001), así como la proteína C reactiva (18,6 vs. 2,6; p=0,005). El análisis mediante curva ROC mostró que el INL fue el parámetro con mayor AUC (0,879) para el diagnóstico de apendicitis negativa, con un punto de corte de 2,65 con una sensibilidad del 84,2% y una especificidad del 83,8% máximas. Conclusiones: El INL es el parámetro preoperatorio que mejor distingue a los pacientes sin apendicitis aguda. Los valores inferiores a 2,65 deben hacernos sospechar otra causa diferente a la apendicitis. (AU)

Introduction: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inflammatory biomarker that is easily calculated with data from the differential white blood cell count. The aim of our study was to analyse the role of the NLR in the detection of negative appendectomies and to compare its usefulness with other clinical, sonographic and laboratory factors previously described. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in patients aged less than 16 years who underwent appendectomy in our hospital between 2017 and 2020. We divided patients into 2 groups based on appendiceal histological findings: NA group (negative appendicitis: absence of appendiceal inflammation) and PA group (positive appendicitis: presence of inflammation in any layer of the appendiceal wall). We analysed demographic, clinical, sonographic and laboratory characteristics. Results: We included a total of 1269 patients, 1244 in the PA group and 25 in the NA group, with no differences between groups in demographic characteristics. The proportion of patients that presented with nausea and vomiting was significantly smaller in the NA group compared to the PA group (P<.001), and there were no other differences in symptoms. The appendiceal diameter on ultrasound was significantly smaller in the NA group (8.1±2.1 vs. 9.7±2.8mm; P<.001). The white blood cell and neutrophil counts and the NLR were significantly higher in the PA group (P<.001), as was the level of C-reactive protein (18.6 vs. 2.6; P=.005). The ROC curve analysis revealed that the NLR was the parameter with the highest AUC (0.879) for the diagnosis of negative appendicitis, with a cut-off point of 2.65 for a maximum sensitivity of 84.2% and specificity of 83.8%. Conclusion: The NLR is the preoperative parameter that best discriminates patients without acute appendicitis. Values of less than 2.65 should make clinicians contemplate diagnoses other than appendicitis. (AU)

The role of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in avoiding negative appendectomies.

INTRODUCTION: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inflammatory biomarker that is easily calculated with data from the differential white blood cell count. The aim of our study was to analyse the role of the NLR in the detection of negative appendectomies and to compare its usefulness with other clinical, sonographic and laboratory factors previously described. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study in patients aged less than 16 years who underwent appendectomy in our hospital between 2017 and 2020. We divided patients into 2 groups based on appendiceal histological findings: NA group (negative appendicitis: absence of appendiceal inflammation) and PA group (positive appendicitis: presence of inflammation in any layer of the appendiceal wall). We analysed demographic, clinical, sonographic and laboratory characteristics. RESULTS: We included a total of 1269 patients, 1244 in the PA group and 25 in the NA group, with no differences between groups in demographic characteristics. The proportion of patients that presented with nausea and vomiting was significantly smaller in the NA group compared to the PA group (P < .001), and there were no other differences in symptoms. The appendiceal diameter on ultrasound was significantly smaller in the NA group (8.1 ±â€¯2.1 vs. 9.7 ±â€¯2.8 mm; P < .001). The white blood cell and neutrophil counts and the NLR were significantly higher in the PA group (P < .001), as was the level of C-reactive protein (18.6 vs. 2.6; P = .005). The ROC curve analysis revealed that the NLR was the parameter with the highest AUC (0.879) for the diagnosis of negative appendicitis, with a cut-off point of 2.65 for a maximum sensitivity of 84.2% and specificity of 83.8%. CONCLUSION: The NLR is the preoperative parameter that best discriminates patients without acute appendicitis. Values of less than 2.65 should make clinicians contemplate diagnoses other than appendicitis.

Inquérito online sobre os motivos para hesitação vacinal contra a COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes do Brasil / Online survey on the reasons for vaccine hesitancy against COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Brazil / Encuesta en línea sobre los motivos de la indecisión a las vacunas contra COVID-19 en niños y adolescentes de Brasil

Resumo: Objetiva-se desvelar os motivos para hesitação vacinal de pais e/ou responsáveis de crianças e adolescentes para prevenção da COVID-19. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, que busca analisar as respostas da pergunta aberta "por que você não vai vacinar, não vacinou ou está na dúvida em vacinar as crianças e os adolescentes sob sua responsabilidade para prevenção da COVID-19?". A pesquisa incluiu indivíduos adultos, brasileiros, residentes no país, responsáveis por crianças e adolescentes menores de 18 anos. A coleta de dados aconteceu de forma eletrônica entre os meses de novembro e dezembro de 2021. As respostas foram organizadas e processadas com suporte do software Iramuteq. O corpus textual desta pesquisa foi composto pela resposta de 1.896 participantes, constituído por 87% de hesitantes (1.650) e 13% (246) de pais que têm intenção de vacinar, mas que esboçaram algumas dúvidas e considerações a respeito da vacinação de crianças e adolescentes. São motivos pelos quais pais e/ou responsáveis não vacinaram ou estão na dúvida em vacinar as crianças e os adolescentes sob sua responsabilidade para prevenção da COVID-19: receio em razão de a vacina estar em fase experimental e medo das reações adversas e dos efeitos a longo prazo. Já os motivos para ausência de intenção de vacinar decorrem dos entendimentos dos participantes de que a COVID-19 em crianças não é grave, os riscos da vacinação são maiores do que os benefícios e o direito de escolha em não vacinar.

Abstract: The objective is to unveil the reasons for vaccine hesitancy among parents and/or guardians of children and adolescents toward the prevention of COVID-19. This is a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach that seeks to analyze the answers to the open question "Why will you not vaccinate or have not vaccinated or are in doubt about vaccinating the children and adolescents under your responsibility, for the prevention of COVID-19?". The research included adult individuals, Brazilians, living in the country, responsible for children and adolescents under 18 years of age. Data collection took place electronically in November and December 2021. The answers were organized and processed with the support of the software Iramuteq. The textual corpus of this research was composed of the response of 1,896 participants, consisting of 87% who were hesitant (1,650) and 13% (246) of parents who intend to vaccinate but who outlined some doubts and considerations about the vaccination of children and adolescents. These are reasons why parents and/or guardians have not vaccinated or are in doubt about vaccinating the children and adolescents under their responsibility for the prevention of COVID-19: fears about vaccination regarding the conception that the vaccine is in the experimental phase, fear of adverse reactions and long-term effects. The reasons for the lack of intention to vaccinate stem from the understanding of the participants that COVID-19 in children is not serious, the risks of vaccination are greater than the benefits, and the right of choice not to vaccinate.

Resumen: El objetivo es revelar los motivos de la indecisión a las vacunas de padres y/o responsables de niños y adolescentes para la prevención de COVID-19. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, que busca analizar las respuestas a la pregunta abierta "¿Por qué no va a vacunar o no vacunó o tiene dudas en vacunar a los niños y los adolescentes bajo su responsabilidad para la prevención del COVID-19?". La investigación incluyó individuos adultos, brasileños, residentes en el país, responsables de niños y adolescentes menores de 18 años. La recolección de datos se realizó de forma electrónica entre los meses de noviembre y diciembre de 2021. Las respuestas se organizaron y procesaron con ayuda del software Iramuteq. El corpus textual de esta investigación fue compuesto por la respuesta de 1.896 participantes, siendo constituido por el 87% de indecisos (1.650) y el 13% (246) de padres que tienen la intención de vacunar, pero que esbozaron algunas dudas y consideraciones respecto a la vacunación de niños y adolescentes. Son motivos por los cuales los padres y/o responsables no vacunaron o están en duda en vacunar a los niños y adolescentes bajo su responsabilidad para prevención del COVID-19: temores con la vacunación en cuanto a la concepción de que la vacuna está en fase experimental, miedo a las reacciones adversas y los efectos a largo plazo. Los motivos de la ausencia de intención en vacunar se deben a que los participantes entienden que el COVID-19 en niños no es grave, que los riesgos de la vacunación son mayores que los beneficios y que tienen derecho a decidir no vacunarse.