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1.
Environ Monit Assess ; 196(6): 540, 2024 May 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38733434

ABSTRACT

X-ray fluorescence is a fast, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method for elemental analyses. Portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (pXRF) have proven instrumental in detecting metals across diverse matrices, including plants. However, sample preparation and measurement procedures need to be standardized for each instrument. This study examined sample preparation methods and predictive capabilities for nickel (Ni) concentrations in various plants using pXRF, employing empirical calibration based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) Ni data. The evaluation involved 300 plant samples of 14 species with variable of Ni accumulation. Various dwell times (30, 60, 90, 120, 300 s) and sample masses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g) were tested. Calibration models were developed through empirical and correction factor approaches. The results showed that the use of 1.0 g of sample (0.14 g cm-2) and a dwell time of 60 s for the study conditions were appropriate for detection by pXRF. Ni concentrations determined by ICP-OES were highly correlated (R2 = 0.94) with those measured by the pXRF instrument. Therefore, pXRF can provide reliable detection of Ni in plant samples, avoiding the digestion of samples and reducing the decision-making time in environmental management.


Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring , Nickel , Plants , Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission , Nickel/analysis , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation , Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission/methods , Plants/chemistry , Soil Pollutants/analysis
2.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 42(3,supl. 1): 1529-1548, 2021. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1501942

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to model and identify the best models for estimating the leaf area, determined by digital photos, of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) of the cultivars IPR91-Baili and IPR92-Altar, as a function of length (L), width (W) or length x width product (LW) of the leaf blade. Ten uniformity trials (blank experiments) were carried out, five with IPR91-Baili cultivar and five with IPR92-Altar cultivar. The trials were performed on five sowing dates. In each trial and cultivar, expanded leaves were collected at random from the lower, middle and upper segments of the plants, totaling 1,815 leaves. In these 1,815 leaves, L and W were measured and the LW of the leaf blade was calculated, which were used as independent variables in the model. The leaf area of each leaf was determined using the digital photo method (Y), which was used as a dependent variable of the model. For each sowing date, cultivar and thirds of the plant, 80% of the leaves (1,452 leaves) were randomly separated for the generation of the models and 20% of the leaves (363 leaves) for the validation of the models of leaf area estimation as a function of linear dimensions. For buckwheat, IPR91-Baili and IPR92-Altar cultivars, the quadratic model (Ŷ = 0.5217 + 0.6581LW + 0.0004LW2, R2 = 0.9590), power model (Ŷ = 0.6809LW1.0037, R2 = 0.9587), linear model (Ŷ = 0.0653 + 0.6892LW, R2 = 0.9587) and linear model without intercept (Ŷ = 0.6907LW, R2 = 0.9587) are indicated for the estimation of leaf area determined by digital photos (Y) based on the LW of the leaf blade (x), and, preferably, the linear model without intercept can be used, due to its greater simplicity.


O objetivo deste trabalho foi modelar e identificar os melhores modelos para a estimação da área foliar, determinada por fotos digitais, de trigo mourisco (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) das cultivares IPR91-Baili e IPR92-Altar, em função do comprimento (C), da largura (L) ou do produto comprimento vezes largura (CL) do limbo foliar. Foram conduzidos dez ensaios de uniformidade (experimentos em branco), sendo cinco com a cultivar IPR91-Baili e cinco com a cultivar IPR92-Altar. Os ensaios foram realizados em cinco datas de semeadura. Em cada ensaio e cultivar foram coletadas, aleatoriamente, folhas expandidas dos terços inferior, médio e superior das plantas, totalizando 1.815 folhas. Nessas 1.815 folhas, foram mensurados o C e a L e calculado o CL do limbo foliar, os quais foram utilizados como variáveis independentes no modelo. Determinou-se a área de cada folha por meio do método de fotos digitais (Y) e a mesma foi utilizada como variável dependente do modelo. Para cada data de semeadura, cultivar e terços da planta foram separadas, aleatoriamente, 80% das folhas (1.452 folhas) para a geração de modelos e 20% das folhas (363 folhas) para a validação dos modelos de estimação da área foliar em função das dimensões lineares. Para o trigo mourisco, cultivares IPR91-Baili e IPR92-Altar, os modelos quadrático (Ŷ = 0,5217 + 0,6581CL + 0,0004CL2, R2 = 0,9590), potência (Ŷ = 0,6809CL1,0037, R2 = 0,9587), linear (Ŷ = 0,0653 + 0,6892CL, R2 = 0,9587) e linear sem intercepto (Ŷ = 0,6907CL, R2 = 0,9587), são indicados para a estimação da área foliar determinada por fotos digitais (Y) com base no CL do limbo foliar (x), podendo, preferencialmente, ser utilizado o modelo linear sem intercepto, devido a sua maior simplicidade.


Subject(s)
Fagopyrum , Plant Leaves , Linear Models
3.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 42(3,supl. 1): 1529-1548, 2021. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-765822

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to model and identify the best models for estimating the leaf area, determined by digital photos, of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) of the cultivars IPR91-Baili and IPR92-Altar, as a function of length (L), width (W) or length x width product (LW) of the leaf blade. Ten uniformity trials (blank experiments) were carried out, five with IPR91-Baili cultivar and five with IPR92-Altar cultivar. The trials were performed on five sowing dates. In each trial and cultivar, expanded leaves were collected at random from the lower, middle and upper segments of the plants, totaling 1,815 leaves. In these 1,815 leaves, L and W were measured and the LW of the leaf blade was calculated, which were used as independent variables in the model. The leaf area of each leaf was determined using the digital photo method (Y), which was used as a dependent variable of the model. For each sowing date, cultivar and thirds of the plant, 80% of the leaves (1,452 leaves) were randomly separated for the generation of the models and 20% of the leaves (363 leaves) for the validation of the models of leaf area estimation as a function of linear dimensions. For buckwheat, IPR91-Baili and IPR92-Altar cultivars, the quadratic model (Ŷ = 0.5217 + 0.6581LW + 0.0004LW2, R2 = 0.9590), power model (Ŷ = 0.6809LW1.0037, R2 = 0.9587), linear model (Ŷ = 0.0653 + 0.6892LW, R2 = 0.9587) and linear model without intercept (Ŷ = 0.6907LW, R2 = 0.9587) are indicated for the estimation of leaf area determined by digital photos (Y) based on the LW of the leaf blade (x), and, preferably, the linear model without intercept can be used, due to its greater simplicity.(AU)


O objetivo deste trabalho foi modelar e identificar os melhores modelos para a estimação da área foliar, determinada por fotos digitais, de trigo mourisco (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) das cultivares IPR91-Baili e IPR92-Altar, em função do comprimento (C), da largura (L) ou do produto comprimento vezes largura (CL) do limbo foliar. Foram conduzidos dez ensaios de uniformidade (experimentos em branco), sendo cinco com a cultivar IPR91-Baili e cinco com a cultivar IPR92-Altar. Os ensaios foram realizados em cinco datas de semeadura. Em cada ensaio e cultivar foram coletadas, aleatoriamente, folhas expandidas dos terços inferior, médio e superior das plantas, totalizando 1.815 folhas. Nessas 1.815 folhas, foram mensurados o C e a L e calculado o CL do limbo foliar, os quais foram utilizados como variáveis independentes no modelo. Determinou-se a área de cada folha por meio do método de fotos digitais (Y) e a mesma foi utilizada como variável dependente do modelo. Para cada data de semeadura, cultivar e terços da planta foram separadas, aleatoriamente, 80% das folhas (1.452 folhas) para a geração de modelos e 20% das folhas (363 folhas) para a validação dos modelos de estimação da área foliar em função das dimensões lineares. Para o trigo mourisco, cultivares IPR91-Baili e IPR92-Altar, os modelos quadrático (Ŷ = 0,5217 + 0,6581CL + 0,0004CL2, R2 = 0,9590), potência (Ŷ = 0,6809CL1,0037, R2 = 0,9587), linear (Ŷ = 0,0653 + 0,6892CL, R2 = 0,9587) e linear sem intercepto (Ŷ = 0,6907CL, R2 = 0,9587), são indicados para a estimação da área foliar determinada por fotos digitais (Y) com base no CL do limbo foliar (x), podendo, preferencialmente, ser utilizado o modelo linear sem intercepto, devido a sua maior simplicidade.(AU)


Subject(s)
Fagopyrum , Plant Leaves , Linear Models
4.
Ci. Anim. bras. ; 21: e-54719, Apr. 22, 2020. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-32325

ABSTRACT

Pasture studies require information on leaf area, as it is one of the main parameters for evaluation of plant growth. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the leaf blade area of pangolão grass (Digitaria pentzii Stent.) using non-destructive methods by regression model analysis. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with three cutting heights (10, 15, and 20 cm) and four replications. Three hundred leaf blades of pangolão grass were randomly collected, and their respective lengths (L) and widths (W) determined using a digital caliper. The leaf blade area of pangolão grass was estimated by the gravimetric method, using linear and power regression models to explain the leaf blade area as a function of the product of L and maximum W. The real leaf blade area presented an average value of 18.64 cm2, ranging from 4.29 to 45.95 cm2. The leaf blade area of pangolão grass, regardless of cutting height, was estimated with greater accuracy by the power model. The power model, Ŷ=LW1.007, can be used to estimate the leaf blade area of pangolão grass based on leaf blade L and W values.(AU)


Estudos com pastagens necessitam de informações sobre a área foliar, por ser um dos principais parâmetros de avaliação do crescimento das plantas. Desse modo, objetivou-se estimar a área da lâmina foliar do capim-pangolão (Digitaria pentzii Stent.), utilizando métodos não destrutivos por meio de análise de modelos de regressão. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com três alturas de corte (10, 15 e 20 cm) e quatro repetições. Foram coletadas aleatoriamente 300 lâminas foliares do capim-pangolão e determinados os seus respectivos comprimentos (C) e larguras (L), com uso de paquímetro digital. A área da lâmina foliar do capim-pangolão foi estimada pelo método gravimétrico, sendo utilizados os modelos de regressão linear e potência para explicar a área das lâminas foliares em função do produto do comprimento e máxima largura. A área da lâmina foliar real apresentou valor médio de 18,64 cm2, variando de 4,29 a 45,95 cm2. A área da lâmina foliar do capim-pangolão, independentemente da altura de corte, foi estimada com melhor acurácia pelo modelo potência. O modelo potência, Ŷ=CL1,007, pode ser usado para estimar a área da lâmina foliar do capim-pangolão com base nos valores de comprimento e largura da lâmina foliar dessa espécie.(AU)


Subject(s)
Digitaria , Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology , Regression Analysis
5.
Ciênc. anim. bras. (Impr.) ; 21: e, 23 mar. 2020. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1473784

ABSTRACT

Pasture studies require information on leaf area, as it is one of the main parameters for evaluation of plant growth. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the leaf blade area of pangolão grass (Digitaria pentzii Stent.) using non-destructive methods by regression model analysis. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with three cutting heights (10, 15, and 20 cm) and four replications. Three hundred leaf blades of pangolão grass were randomly collected, and their respective lengths (L) and widths (W) determined using a digital caliper. The leaf blade area of pangolão grass was estimated by the gravimetric method, using linear and power regression models to explain the leaf blade area as a function of the product of L and maximum W. The real leaf blade area presented an average value of 18.64 cm2, ranging from 4.29 to 45.95 cm2. The leaf blade area of pangolão grass, regardless of cutting height, was estimated with greater accuracy by the power model. The power model, Ŷ=LW1.007, can be used to estimate the leaf blade area of pangolão grass based on leaf blade L and W values.


Estudos com pastagens necessitam de informações sobre a área foliar, por ser um dos principais parâmetros de avaliação do crescimento das plantas. Desse modo, objetivou-se estimar a área da lâmina foliar do capim-pangolão (Digitaria pentzii Stent.), utilizando métodos não destrutivos por meio de análise de modelos de regressão. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com três alturas de corte (10, 15 e 20 cm) e quatro repetições. Foram coletadas aleatoriamente 300 lâminas foliares do capim-pangolão e determinados os seus respectivos comprimentos (C) e larguras (L), com uso de paquímetro digital. A área da lâmina foliar do capim-pangolão foi estimada pelo método gravimétrico, sendo utilizados os modelos de regressão linear e potência para explicar a área das lâminas foliares em função do produto do comprimento e máxima largura. A área da lâmina foliar real apresentou valor médio de 18,64 cm2, variando de 4,29 a 45,95 cm2. A área da lâmina foliar do capim-pangolão, independentemente da altura de corte, foi estimada com melhor acurácia pelo modelo potência. O modelo potência, Ŷ=CL1,007, pode ser usado para estimar a área da lâmina foliar do capim-pangolão com base nos valores de comprimento e largura da lâmina foliar dessa espécie.


Subject(s)
Digitaria , Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology , Regression Analysis
6.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 35(6): 1923-1931, nov./dec. 2019. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1049169

ABSTRACT

Erythroxylum citrifolium is a neotropical plant species recorded in all regions of Brazil. Determining leaf area is of fundamental importance to studies related to plant propagation and growth. The objective was to obtain an equation to estimate the leaf area of E. citrifolium from linear dimensions of the leaf blade (length and width). A total of 200 leaf blades were collected in Parque Estadual Mata do Pau-Ferro in the municipality of Areia, state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. The models evaluated were: linear, linear without intercept, quadratic, cubic, power and exponential. The best model was determined by the criteria of: high coefficient of determination (R²), low root mean square error (RMSE), low Akaike information criterion (AIC), high Willmott concordance index (d) and a BIAS index close to zero. All of the models constructed satisfactorily estimated the leaf area of E. citrifolium, with coefficients of determination above 0.9050, but the power model using the product between length and width (L*W) y = 0.5966 * LW1.0181 was the best, with the highest values of R² and d, low values of RMSE and AIC, and a BIAS index closest to zero.


Erythroxylum citrifolium é uma espécie de planta neotropical com registros em todas as regiões do Brasil. A determinação da área foliar é de fundamental importância em estudos relacionados a propagação e crescimento vegetal. O objetivo foi obter uma equação que permita estimar a área foliar de E. citrifolium a partir de dimensões lineares do limbo foliar (comprimento e largura). Foram coletados 200 limbos foliares no Parque Estadual Mata do Pau-Ferro, Areia, Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Os modelos empregados foram: linear, linear sem intercepto, quadrático, cúbico, potencial e exponencial. Os critérios utilizados para escolher o melhor modelo, teve como base o maior coeficiente de determinação (R²), menor raiz do quadrado médio do erro (RMSE), menor critério de informação de Akaike (AIC), maior índice de concordância de Willmott (d) e índice BIAS mais próximo de zero. Todos os modelos construídos podem estimar satisfatoriamente a área foliar de E. citrifolium, com coeficientes determinação acima de 0,9050, porém o modelo potencial utilizando o produto entre comprimento e largura (L*W) y = 0,5966 * LW1,0181 é o mais indicado, com os maiores valores de R² e d, menores valores de RMSE e AIC, e índice BIAS mais próximo de zero.


Subject(s)
Biometry , Erythroxylaceae
7.
Ci. Rural ; 49(4): e20180932, Apr. 11, 2019. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-19227

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this work were estimate the leaf area of squash ‘Brasileirinha by linear dimensions of the leaves and check models available in the literature. An experiment was conducted in the 2015/16 sowing season. Were collected 500 leaves and in each one, were measured the length (L), width (W) and length×width product (LW) and determined the real leaf area (LA). Then, 400 leaves were separated to generate models of the leaf area (LA) as a function of linear dimension (L, W or LW) of squash. The remaining 100 leaves were used for the validation of models. A second experiment was conducted in the 2016/17 sowing season. Were collected 250 leaves, used only for the validation of the models of the first experiment. There is collinearity between L and W and, therefore, models using the LW product are not recommended. The model LA=0.5482W2 + 0.0680W (R²=0.9867) is adequate for leaf area estimation of squash ‘Brasileirinha.(AU)


Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar a área foliar de abobrinha ‘Brasileirinha por dimensões lineares das folhas e testar modelos disponíveis na literatura. Foi conduzido um experimento na safra 2015/16 sendo coletas 500 folhas. Em cada folha foram mensurados comprimento (L), largura (W), calculado produto comprimento×largura (LW) e determinada a área foliar real (LA). Depois, 400 folhas foram separadas para a geração de modelos da área foliar real (LA) em função da dimensão linear (L, W ou LW) de abobrinha. As demais 100 folhas foram utilizadas na validação dos modelos. Um segundo experimento foi conduzido na safra 2016/17, no qual foram coletadas 250 folhas utilizadas na validação dos modelos gerados no primeiro experimento. Existe colinearidade entre L e W e, por isso, os modelos que utilizam o produto LW não são recomendados. O modelo LA=0,5482W2+0,0680W (R²=0,9867) é adequado para a estimação de área foliar de abobrinha ‘Brasileirinha.(AU)

8.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; Acta sci., Biol. sci;41: e43494, 20190000. ilus, map, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460869

ABSTRACT

Determining leaf area is important for studies involving plant growth and development. The aim of the present study was to obtain models for estimating leaf area of Psychotria carthagenensis and Psychotria hoffmannseggiana using linear measurements of leaf blades (length and width). Two hundred leaf blades of each species were collected in Parque Estadual Mata do Pau-Ferro in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. The equations evaluated for producing potential models included the following: linear, quadratic, potential and exponential. The criteria used to determine the best model(s) were as follows: high coefficient of determination (R²), low root-mean-square error (RMSE), low Akaike information criterion (AIC), high Willmott concordance index (d) and a BIAS ratio close to zero. All evaluated models satisfactorily estimated leaf area for the two species, but the equation ŷ = 0.6373 * LW0.9804 was the most appropriate for P. carthagenensis, while ŷ = 0.6235 * LW0.9712 was the most appropriate for P. hoffmannseggiana.


Subject(s)
Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology , Plant Leaves/cytology , Psychotria/anatomy & histology
9.
Acta Sci. Anim. Sci. ; 41: e42808-e42808, jan. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-20547

ABSTRACT

Leaf area measurements are of the main parameters used in agronomic studies to evaluate plant growth. The current study used a non-destructive method based on linear leaf dimensions (length and width) to select the regression model to estimate millet (Pennisetum glaucum) leaf area. For two millet genotype (IPA BULK 1 BF and ADR 300) 128 randomly-chosen leaves were measured at different vegetative growth stages. Measures of length and width of each leaf were made using digital calipers. Leaf area was measured using a gravimetric method. The best-fit leaf area estimation model was selected via linear, potential and gamma regression models. Leaf area values varied from 3.02 to 209.21 cm2 . The average value was 95.31 cm2 . The potential regression model exhibited lower residual sum of squares and Akaike's information criterion and similar determination coefficient and Willmott index. Thus, potential regression was more efficient in explaining the leaf area of millet, independent of the genotype, when compared to other models evaluated in this research. Length (L) and width (W) could be used in the following potential regression model to estimate millet leaf blade.(AU)


Subject(s)
Pennisetum/anatomy & histology , Pennisetum/cytology , Pennisetum/growth & development , Optimization of Sanitary Sewer Network/analysis , Optimization of Sanitary Sewer Network/statistics & numerical data
10.
Acta sci., Anim. sci ; 41: 42808-42808, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1459836

ABSTRACT

Leaf area measurements are of the main parameters used in agronomic studies to evaluate plant growth. The current study used a non-destructive method based on linear leaf dimensions (length and width) to select the regression model to estimate millet (Pennisetum glaucum) leaf area. For two millet genotype (IPA BULK 1 BF and ADR 300) 128 randomly-chosen leaves were measured at different vegetative growth stages. Measures of length and width of each leaf were made using digital calipers. Leaf area was measured using a gravimetric method. The best-fit leaf area estimation model was selected via linear, potential and gamma regression models. Leaf area values varied from 3.02 to 209.21 cm2 . The average value was 95.31 cm2 . The potential regression model exhibited lower residual sum of squares and Akaike's information criterion and similar determination coefficient and Willmott index. Thus, potential regression was more efficient in explaining the leaf area of millet, independent of the genotype, when compared to other models evaluated in this research. Length (L) and width (W) could be used in the following potential regression model to estimate millet leaf blade.


Subject(s)
Optimization of Sanitary Sewer Network/analysis , Optimization of Sanitary Sewer Network/statistics & numerical data , Pennisetum/anatomy & histology , Pennisetum/cytology , Pennisetum/growth & development
11.
Acta Sci. Biol. Sci. ; 41: e43494, 2019. ilus, mapas, tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-763463

ABSTRACT

Determining leaf area is important for studies involving plant growth and development. The aim of the present study was to obtain models for estimating leaf area of Psychotria carthagenensis and Psychotria hoffmannseggiana using linear measurements of leaf blades (length and width). Two hundred leaf blades of each species were collected in Parque Estadual Mata do Pau-Ferro in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. The equations evaluated for producing potential models included the following: linear, quadratic, potential and exponential. The criteria used to determine the best model(s) were as follows: high coefficient of determination (R²), low root-mean-square error (RMSE), low Akaike information criterion (AIC), high Willmott concordance index (d) and a BIAS ratio close to zero. All evaluated models satisfactorily estimated leaf area for the two species, but the equation ŷ = 0.6373 * LW0.9804 was the most appropriate for P. carthagenensis, while ŷ = 0.6235 * LW0.9712 was the most appropriate for P. hoffmannseggiana.(AU)


Subject(s)
Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology , Plant Leaves/cytology , Psychotria/anatomy & histology
12.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 49(4): e20180932, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045324

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this work were estimate the leaf area of squash 'Brasileirinha' by linear dimensions of the leaves and check models available in the literature. An experiment was conducted in the 2015/16 sowing season. Were collected 500 leaves and in each one, were measured the length (L), width (W) and length×width product (LW) and determined the real leaf area (LA). Then, 400 leaves were separated to generate models of the leaf area (LA) as a function of linear dimension (L, W or LW) of squash. The remaining 100 leaves were used for the validation of models. A second experiment was conducted in the 2016/17 sowing season. Were collected 250 leaves, used only for the validation of the models of the first experiment. There is collinearity between L and W and, therefore, models using the LW product are not recommended. The model LA=0.5482W2 + 0.0680W (R²=0.9867) is adequate for leaf area estimation of squash 'Brasileirinha'.


RESUMO: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar a área foliar de abobrinha 'Brasileirinha' por dimensões lineares das folhas e testar modelos disponíveis na literatura. Foi conduzido um experimento na safra 2015/16 sendo coletas 500 folhas. Em cada folha foram mensurados comprimento (L), largura (W), calculado produto comprimento×largura (LW) e determinada a área foliar real (LA). Depois, 400 folhas foram separadas para a geração de modelos da área foliar real (LA) em função da dimensão linear (L, W ou LW) de abobrinha. As demais 100 folhas foram utilizadas na validação dos modelos. Um segundo experimento foi conduzido na safra 2016/17, no qual foram coletadas 250 folhas utilizadas na validação dos modelos gerados no primeiro experimento. Existe colinearidade entre L e W e, por isso, os modelos que utilizam o produto LW não são recomendados. O modelo LA=0,5482W2+0,0680W (R²=0,9867) é adequado para a estimação de área foliar de abobrinha 'Brasileirinha'.

13.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 89(3): 1851-1868, July-Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886743

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to estimate the leaf area of Crotalaria juncea according to the linear dimensions of leaves from different ages. Two experiments were conducted with C. juncea cultivar IAC-KR1, in the 2014/2015 sowing seasons. At 59, 82, 102, 129 days after sowing (DAS) of the first and 61, 80, 92, 104 DAS of the second experiment, 500 leaves were collected, totaling 4,000 leaves. In each leaf, the linear dimensions were measured (length, width, length/width ratio and length × width product) and the specific leaf area was determined through Digimizer and Sigma Scan Pro software, after scanning images. Then, 3,200 leaves were randomly separated to generate mathematical models of leaf area (Y) in function of linear dimension (x), and 800 leaves for the models validation. In C. juncea, the leaf areas determined by Digimizer and Sigma Scan Pro software are identical. The estimation models of leaf area as a function of length × width product showed superior adjustments to those obtained based on the evaluation of only one linear dimension. The linear model Ŷ=0.7390x (R2=0.9849) of the real leaf area (Y) as a function of length × width product (x) is adequate to estimate the C. juncea leaf area.


Subject(s)
Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology , Crotalaria/anatomy & histology , Brazil , Plant Leaves/growth & development , Crotalaria/growth & development
14.
Braz. J. Biol. ; 75(4,supl.1): 239-244, Nov. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-378889

ABSTRACT

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is regarded as an important tool for evaluating the body composition of different animals in a rapid, non-destructive, and low-cost manner. A South American fish species, Steindachneridion scriptum, known as suruvi, was selected for study in this investigation. A protocol to produce fish with different body composition was used to allow BIA to adequately predict the body composition of suruvi. The fish were fed twice each day with two different diets; a low lipid diet (8.90%), and a high lipid diet (18.68%). These dietary differences allowed suruvi specimens with different body compositions to be produced. The BIA readings were determined using a Quantum X Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer. Two readings (dorsal and ventral) were obtained for each fish. After BIA readings were obtained, the proximate composition of the fish bodies for each individual was determined. All of the study data were used to establish correlation equations between proximate analyses and BIA values. Strong correlations were found for S. scriptum. The highest correlations were obtained for the following pairs of quantities, using BIA data from dorsal readings: moisture and resistance in series (R2 = 0.87); protein and resistance in series (R2 = 0.87); and ash and reactance in parallel (R2 = 0.82). We conclude that BIA is an effective method in determining the body composition of S. scriptum without sacrificing the fish. However, to expand the use of this new technology it is important to define strict BIA protocols to guarantee accurate estimates.(AU)


A análise da impedância bioelétrica (BIA) é considerada uma importante ferramenta para avaliar a composição corporal de diferentes animais de uma maneira rápida, não-destrutiva e de baixo custo. A espécie Sul-americana Steindachneridion scriptum, popularmente conhecida como suruvi, foi selecionada para este estudo. Foi utilizado um protocolo para produzir peixes com distintas composições corporais, permitindo a validação da BIA para análise adequada da composição corporal do suruvi. Os peixes foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia com duas dietas diferentes: uma de baixo teor lipídico (8,90%) e outra de alto teor lipídico (18,68%). Essa diferença nas dietas possibilitou a produção de indivíduos com diferentes composições corporais. As leituras da BIA foram determinadas utilizando-se o equipamento Quantum X Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer. Duas leituras (dorsal e ventral) foram obtidas para cada peixe. Após as leituras, para cada peixe individualmente, a composição proximal dos peixes foi determinada. Todos os dados obtidos foram utilizados para estabelecer as equações de correlação entre as análises proximais e os valores da BIA. Fortes correlações foram encontradas para S. scriptum. As maiores correlações foram obtidas para as análises dorsais a seguir: umidade e resistência em série (R2 = 0,87); proteína e resistência em série (R2 = 0,87); cinzas e reactância em paralelo (R2 = 0,82). Pode-se concluir que o método BIA é eficiente em determinar a composição corporal do suruvi S. scriptum sem sacrificar o animal. No entanto, para expandir o uso desta nova tecnologia é necessário definir protocolos rigorosos para garantir estimativas precisas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Body Composition , Catfishes/physiology , Electric Impedance , Aquaculture
15.
Braz. j. biol ; Braz. j. biol;75(4)Nov. 2015.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468345

ABSTRACT

Abstract Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is regarded as an important tool for evaluating the body composition of different animals in a rapid, non-destructive, and low-cost manner. A South American fish species, Steindachneridion scriptum, known as suruvi, was selected for study in this investigation. A protocol to produce fish with different body composition was used to allow BIA to adequately predict the body composition of suruvi. The fish were fed twice each day with two different diets; a low lipid diet (8.90%), and a high lipid diet (18.68%). These dietary differences allowed suruvi specimens with different body compositions to be produced. The BIA readings were determined using a Quantum X Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer. Two readings (dorsal and ventral) were obtained for each fish. After BIA readings were obtained, the proximate composition of the fish bodies for each individual was determined. All of the study data were used to establish correlation equations between proximate analyses and BIA values. Strong correlations were found for S. scriptum. The highest correlations were obtained for the following pairs of quantities, using BIA data from dorsal readings: moisture and resistance in series (R2 = 0.87); protein and resistance in series (R2 = 0.87); and ash and reactance in parallel (R2 = 0.82). We conclude that BIA is an effective method in determining the body composition of S. scriptum without sacrificing the fish. However, to expand the use of this new technology it is important to define strict BIA protocols to guarantee accurate estimates.


Resumo A análise da impedância bioelétrica (BIA) é considerada uma importante ferramenta para avaliar a composição corporal de diferentes animais de uma maneira rápida, não-destrutiva e de baixo custo. A espécie Sul-americana Steindachneridion scriptum, popularmente conhecida como suruvi, foi selecionada para este estudo. Foi utilizado um protocolo para produzir peixes com distintas composições corporais, permitindo a validação da BIA para análise adequada da composição corporal do suruvi. Os peixes foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia com duas dietas diferentes: uma de baixo teor lipídico (8,90%) e outra de alto teor lipídico (18,68%). Essa diferença nas dietas possibilitou a produção de indivíduos com diferentes composições corporais. As leituras da BIA foram determinadas utilizando-se o equipamento Quantum X Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer. Duas leituras (dorsal e ventral) foram obtidas para cada peixe. Após as leituras, para cada peixe individualmente, a composição proximal dos peixes foi determinada. Todos os dados obtidos foram utilizados para estabelecer as equações de correlação entre as análises proximais e os valores da BIA. Fortes correlações foram encontradas para S. scriptum. As maiores correlações foram obtidas para as análises dorsais a seguir: umidade e resistência em série (R2 = 0,87); proteína e resistência em série (R2 = 0,87); cinzas e reactância em paralelo (R2 = 0,82). Pode-se concluir que o método BIA é eficiente em determinar a composição corporal do suruvi S. scriptum sem sacrificar o animal. No entanto, para expandir o uso desta nova tecnologia é necessário definir protocolos rigorosos para garantir estimativas precisas.

16.
Braz. j. biol ; Braz. j. biol;75(4,supl.1): 239-244, Nov. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-768245

ABSTRACT

Abstract Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is regarded as an important tool for evaluating the body composition of different animals in a rapid, non-destructive, and low-cost manner. A South American fish species, Steindachneridion scriptum, known as suruvi, was selected for study in this investigation. A protocol to produce fish with different body composition was used to allow BIA to adequately predict the body composition of suruvi. The fish were fed twice each day with two different diets; a low lipid diet (8.90%), and a high lipid diet (18.68%). These dietary differences allowed suruvi specimens with different body compositions to be produced. The BIA readings were determined using a Quantum X Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer. Two readings (dorsal and ventral) were obtained for each fish. After BIA readings were obtained, the proximate composition of the fish bodies for each individual was determined. All of the study data were used to establish correlation equations between proximate analyses and BIA values. Strong correlations were found for S. scriptum. The highest correlations were obtained for the following pairs of quantities, using BIA data from dorsal readings: moisture and resistance in series (R2 = 0.87); protein and resistance in series (R2 = 0.87); and ash and reactance in parallel (R2 = 0.82). We conclude that BIA is an effective method in determining the body composition of S. scriptum without sacrificing the fish. However, to expand the use of this new technology it is important to define strict BIA protocols to guarantee accurate estimates.


Resumo A análise da impedância bioelétrica (BIA) é considerada uma importante ferramenta para avaliar a composição corporal de diferentes animais de uma maneira rápida, não-destrutiva e de baixo custo. A espécie Sul-americana Steindachneridion scriptum, popularmente conhecida como suruvi, foi selecionada para este estudo. Foi utilizado um protocolo para produzir peixes com distintas composições corporais, permitindo a validação da BIA para análise adequada da composição corporal do suruvi. Os peixes foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia com duas dietas diferentes: uma de baixo teor lipídico (8,90%) e outra de alto teor lipídico (18,68%). Essa diferença nas dietas possibilitou a produção de indivíduos com diferentes composições corporais. As leituras da BIA foram determinadas utilizando-se o equipamento Quantum X Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer. Duas leituras (dorsal e ventral) foram obtidas para cada peixe. Após as leituras, para cada peixe individualmente, a composição proximal dos peixes foi determinada. Todos os dados obtidos foram utilizados para estabelecer as equações de correlação entre as análises proximais e os valores da BIA. Fortes correlações foram encontradas para S. scriptum. As maiores correlações foram obtidas para as análises dorsais a seguir: umidade e resistência em série (R2 = 0,87); proteína e resistência em série (R2 = 0,87); cinzas e reactância em paralelo (R2 = 0,82). Pode-se concluir que o método BIA é eficiente em determinar a composição corporal do suruvi S. scriptum sem sacrificar o animal. No entanto, para expandir o uso desta nova tecnologia é necessário definir protocolos rigorosos para garantir estimativas precisas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Body Composition , Catfishes/physiology , Electric Impedance , Aquaculture
17.
Sensors (Basel) ; 15(7): 16740-62, 2015 Jul 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26184208

ABSTRACT

Nowadays, buildings environmental certifications encourage the implementation of initiatives aiming to increase energy efficiency in buildings. In these certification systems, increased energy efficiency arising from such initiatives must be demonstrated. Thus, a challenge to be faced is how to check the increase in energy efficiency related to each of the employed initiatives without a considerable building retrofit. In this context, this work presents a non-destructive method for electric current sensing to assess implemented initiatives to increase energy efficiency in buildings with environmental certification. This method proposes the use of a sensor that can be installed directly in the low voltage electrical circuit conductors that are powering the initiative under evaluation, without the need for reforms that result in significant costs, repair, and maintenance. The proposed sensor consists of three elements: an air-core transformer current sensor, an amplifying/filtering stage, and a microprocessor. A prototype of the proposed sensor was developed and tests were performed to validate this sensor. Based on laboratory tests, it was possible to characterize the proposed current sensor with respect to the number of turns and cross-sectional area of the primary and secondary coils. Furthermore, using the Least Squares Method, it was possible to determine the efficiency of the air core transformer current sensor (the best efficiency found, considering different test conditions, was 2%), which leads to a linear output response.

18.
Ci. Rural ; 45(1): 1-8, 01/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-12032

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi modelar e identificar os melhores modelos para a estimação da área foliar de feijão guandu, determinada por fotos digitais em função do comprimento, ou da largura e/ou do produto comprimento vezes largura do limbo do folíolo central da folha. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com a cultura de feijão guandu. No primeiro experimento, foram realizadas coletas de 200 folhas aos 45, 52, 59, 65, 72, 79, 86, 94, 100, 106 e 114 dias após a emergência (DAE), totalizando 2.200 folhas. No segundo experimento, foi realizada uma coleta de 220 folhas aos 69 DAE. Nessas 2.420 folhas, foram mensurados o comprimento (CFC) e a largura (LFC) e calculado o produto do comprimento vezes a largura (CFC×LFC) do limbo do folíolo central. A seguir, determinou-se a área foliar de cada folha (soma da área foliar dos folíolos esquerdo, central e direito), por meio do método de fotos digitais (Y). Posteriormente, foram separadas, aleatoriamente, 90% das folhas do primeiro experimento (1.980 folhas), para a geração de modelos do tipo quadrático, potência e linear, de Y em função do CFC, da LFC, e/ou do CFC×LFC. Os 10% das folhas restantes do primeiro experimento (220 folhas) e as 220 folhas coletadas no segundo experimento foram usadas, separadamente, para a validação dos modelos. Em feijão guandu, os modelos do tipo quadrático (Ŷ=0,4295+1,5895x+0,0011x2, R2=0,9710), potência (Ŷ=1,6591x0,9983, R2=0,9769) e linear (Ŷ=-1,3555+1,6858x, R2=0,9708), de Y em função do CFC×LFC, são adequados para a estimação da área foliar e o linear, pode, preferencialmente, ser utilizado.(AU)


The objective of this research was to model and identify the best models to estimate the leaf area of pigeonpea determined by digital photos with the length or width and/or the product length width of the central leaflet limb of the leaf. Two trials were carried with the culture of pigeonpea. In the first experiment, samples from 200 leaves were taken at 45, 52, 59, 65, 72, 79, 86, 94, 100, 106 and 114 days after emergence (DAE), totaling 2,200 leaves. In the second experiment, a sample from 220 leaves was collected at 69 DAE. In these 2,420 leaves, were measured the length (CFC) and width (LFC) and calculated the product length width (CFC×LFC) of the central leaflet. Then, was determined the leaf area of each leaf (sum the leaf area of the leaflets left, center and right) by the method of digital photos (Y). After, were separated, randomly, 90% of the leaves from the first experiment (1,980 leaves), to build models of quadratic type, potency and linear for Y function of the CFC, LFC and/or CFC×LFC. The remaining 10% of the leaves from the first experiment (220 leaves) and the 220 leaves collected in the second experiment, separately, were used to validate the models. In pigeonpea, the quadratic model (Ŷ=0.4295+1.5895x+0.0011x2, R2=0.9710), the potency model (Ŷ=1.6591x0.9983, R2=0.9769) and the linear model (Ŷ=-1.3555+1.6858x, R2=0.9708), of Y as a function of CFC×LFC are adequate for estimation of the leaf area and linear, may preferably be used.(AU)


Subject(s)
Cajanus/growth & development , Fabaceae/growth & development , /instrumentation , Biometry , Growth and Development
19.
Ciênc. rural ; Ciênc. rural (Online);45(1): 1-8, 01/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-731099

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi modelar e identificar os melhores modelos para a estimação da área foliar de feijão guandu, determinada por fotos digitais em função do comprimento, ou da largura e/ou do produto comprimento vezes largura do limbo do folíolo central da folha. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com a cultura de feijão guandu. No primeiro experimento, foram realizadas coletas de 200 folhas aos 45, 52, 59, 65, 72, 79, 86, 94, 100, 106 e 114 dias após a emergência (DAE), totalizando 2.200 folhas. No segundo experimento, foi realizada uma coleta de 220 folhas aos 69 DAE. Nessas 2.420 folhas, foram mensurados o comprimento (CFC) e a largura (LFC) e calculado o produto do comprimento vezes a largura (CFC×LFC) do limbo do folíolo central. A seguir, determinou-se a área foliar de cada folha (soma da área foliar dos folíolos esquerdo, central e direito), por meio do método de fotos digitais (Y). Posteriormente, foram separadas, aleatoriamente, 90% das folhas do primeiro experimento (1.980 folhas), para a geração de modelos do tipo quadrático, potência e linear, de Y em função do CFC, da LFC, e/ou do CFC×LFC. Os 10% das folhas restantes do primeiro experimento (220 folhas) e as 220 folhas coletadas no segundo experimento foram usadas, separadamente, para a validação dos modelos. Em feijão guandu, os modelos do tipo quadrático (Ŷ=0,4295+1,5895x+0,0011x2, R2=0,9710), potência (Ŷ=1,6591x0,9983, R2=0,9769) e linear (Ŷ=-1,3555+1,6858x, R2=0,9708), de Y em função do CFC×LFC, são adequados para a estimação da área foliar e o linear, pode, preferencialmente, ser utilizado.


The objective of this research was to model and identify the best models to estimate the leaf area of pigeonpea determined by digital photos with the length or width and/or the product length width of the central leaflet limb of the leaf. Two trials were carried with the culture of pigeonpea. In the first experiment, samples from 200 leaves were taken at 45, 52, 59, 65, 72, 79, 86, 94, 100, 106 and 114 days after emergence (DAE), totaling 2,200 leaves. In the second experiment, a sample from 220 leaves was collected at 69 DAE. In these 2,420 leaves, were measured the length (CFC) and width (LFC) and calculated the product length width (CFC×LFC) of the central leaflet. Then, was determined the leaf area of each leaf (sum the leaf area of the leaflets left, center and right) by the method of digital photos (Y). After, were separated, randomly, 90% of the leaves from the first experiment (1,980 leaves), to build models of quadratic type, potency and linear for Y function of the CFC, LFC and/or CFC×LFC. The remaining 10% of the leaves from the first experiment (220 leaves) and the 220 leaves collected in the second experiment, separately, were used to validate the models. In pigeonpea, the quadratic model (Ŷ=0.4295+1.5895x+0.0011x2, R2=0.9710), the potency model (Ŷ=1.6591x0.9983, R2=0.9769) and the linear model (Ŷ=-1.3555+1.6858x, R2=0.9708), of Y as a function of CFC×LFC are adequate for estimation of the leaf area and linear, may preferably be used.

20.
Ciênc. rural ; Ciênc. rural (Online);40(2): 475-478, fev. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-539951

ABSTRACT

A área foliar é importante na determinação do crescimento e desenvolvimento das culturas agrícolas. Assim, os objetivos do trabalho foram comparar os métodos de discos foliares e de fotos digitais na estimativa da área foliar de Crambe abyssinica e modelar a área foliar em função do comprimento (C), da largura (L) e ou do produto comprimento vezes largura (CxL) de diferentes tamanhos de folhas. Para isso, em 308 folhas, foram determinados a área foliar, o comprimento, a largura e o produto comprimento vezes largura por meio dos métodos de discos foliares e de fotos digitais. Em seguida, foram comparados os métodos por meio do coeficiente de correlação linear entre a área foliar. A seguir, em cada método, modelou-se a área foliar (Y) em função do C, da L e do CxL, por meio dos modelos: linear, linear simples, quadrático, geométrico e exponencial. Os coeficientes de correlação linear de Pearson e de Spearman entre a área foliar dos métodos de discos foliares e de fotos digitais foram de 0,9917 e 0,9889, respectivamente, o que revela métodos concordantes. Em ambos os métodos, os modelos quadráticos e geométricos apresentaram os melhores coeficientes de determinação da área foliar em função do comprimento e da largura das folhas. A largura da folha é a variável que melhor estima a área foliar. O método de fotos digitais pode ser utilizado para estimar a área foliar de crambe.


Leaf area is important in determining the growth and development of agricultural crops. The aim of this study was to compare the methods of leaf discs and digital photos in estimating leaf area of Crambe abyssinica, and model leaf area according to length (C), width (L) and/ or the product of length width (CxL) for different sizes of leaves. For this, in 308 leaves it was determined the leaf area, length, width and the product of length width using the methods of leaf discs and digital photos. Then the methods were compared using the linear correlation coefficient between the leaf areas. Then, for each method, leaf area (Y) depending on the C, of L and the CxL, was modeled through these models: linear, simple linear, quadratic, geometric and exponential. The Pearson and Spearman linear correlation coefficient between the methods of leaf area and leaf discs of digital photos were 0.9917 and 0.9889, respectively, which shows concordant methods. In both methods, the geometric and quadratic models showed good coefficients of determination of leaf area depending on the length and width of leaves. The leaf width is the variable that best estimates the leaf area. The method of digital photos can be used to estimate Crambe's leaf area.

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