La pandemia de COVID-19 y el cumplimiento de las guías alimentarias en una comunidad universitaria de Chile / COVID-19 pandemic and adherence to food- based dietary guidelines in a Chilean university community

Introducción. La pandemia de SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 y las restricciones sanitarias afectaron la disponibilidad, acceso y consumo de alimentos, impactando la alimentación y el estado nutricional. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de la pandemia SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 sobre el cumplimiento de las Guías Alimentarias Basadas en Alimentos de Chile, en una comunidad universitaria, antes y durante la pandemia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva con 427 participantes. Se aplicó una encuesta online con preguntas basadas en los mensajes de las GABA. La encuesta se validó por juicio de expertos y análisis psicométrico, evaluando la concordancia con el estadístico de Kappa (K=89,95) y la confiabilidad con el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach (=0,97). Se fijó como período antes de la pandemia al tiempo anterior a marzo del año 2020, y durante la pandemia, entre marzo del 2020 y octubre del 2021. Para medir los cambios antes y durante la pandemia se aplicó el test de simetría considerando un p <0,05 con un intervalo de confianza del 95%, mediante el software estadístico STATA versión 16. Resultados. Se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos antes y durante la pandemia en los mensajes relacionados con el estado nutricional (p=0,000), consumo semanal de: productos de pastelería (p=0,0040), cecinas y embutidos (p=0,0034), frituras (p=0,0070), legumbres (p=0,0000), aguas (p=0,0000) y lectura e información nutricional de los productos (p=0,0000). Conclusiones. La pandemia de SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 generó cambios en la alimentación y estado nutricional respecto a los mensajes de las guías. Se precisan políticas alimentarias y estrategias educativas en alimentación y en nutrición para emergencias sanitarias(AU)

Introduction. The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic, as well as health restrictions, impacted food availability, access and consumption, affecting dietary habits and nutritional status. Objective. To determine the effect of the SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic on the adherence to Chilean Food-Based Dietary Guidelines, within a university community, both before and during the pandemic. Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort study involving 427 participants was conducted. An online survey was administered, with questions based on the FBDGs' messages. The survey was validated through expert judgment and psychometric analysis, and agreement was assessed using the Kappa statistic (K = 89.95) while reliability was determined using the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient ( = 0.97). The period before the pandemic was defined as the time prior to March 2020, and the pandemic period was set between March 2020 and October 2021. Changes before and during the pandemic were measured using the symmetry test, considering a p value of <0.05 and a 95% confidence level, using the STATA 16 statistical software. Results. Statistically significant changes were observed before and during the pandemic in messages related to nutritional status (p = 0.000), weekly consumption of bakery products (p = 0.0040), cold meats (p = 0.0034), fried foods (p = 0.0070), legumes (p = 0.0000), water (p = 0.0000), and messages related to reading and nutrition information of products (p = 0.0000). Conclusions. The pandemic led to dietary changes in relation to FBDGs messages. Food policies and food and nutrition education strategies are required to address health emergency contexts(AU)

Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on Latin American anesthesiologists. Observational study / Repercusiones de la pandemia por COVID-19 en anestesiólogos latinoamericanos. Estudio observacional

Abstract Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic changed the world, causing a global impact on economic, social and public health aspects. This public health situation alerted the international community of anesthesiologists because of the high occupational hazards due to the frequent exposure to patients with COVID-19. Objective: To identify the impact of this pandemic on Latin American anesthesiologists - in a setting with shortage of vaccines - identifying the professionals infected with SARS-CoV-2 and demises, and their geographical distribution. Methods: An observational study was conducted in Latin American anesthesiologists infected SARS-CoV-2 between March and December 2020. The data was collected from the societies, associations and federations members of the Latin American Confederation of Anesthesia Societies in March 2021. Results: 2,170 anesthesiologists infected with SARS-CoV-2 were identified. Of these, 1,550 were from South America and 620 cases were from Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean. Among the 2,170 anesthesiologists infected with SARS-CoV-2, 165 deaths were reported in Latin America, with a mean age of 58 years; 79% were males and the mortality rate was 7.6%. Conclusions: COVID-19 is an emerging disease with significant impact on the population of anesthesiologists. The reports from the societies, associations and federations members of the Latin American Confederation of Anesthesia Societies show the impact in terms of infection and number of deaths associated with the pandemic.

Resumen Introducción: La pandemia por el SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, cambió el mundo generando un impacto global en aspectos económicos, sociales y sanitarios. Esta situación sanitaria generó alerta en la comunidad anestesiológica internacional por el alto riesgo ocupacional, debido a la exposición más frecuente a pacientes afectados por COVID-19. Objetivo: Conocer las repercusiones de esta pandemia en los anestesiólogos en Latinoamérica -en un escenario con escasez de vacunas- identificando los profesionales infectados por SARS-CoV-2 y fallecidos y su distribución geográfica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional en anestesiólogos latinoamericanos infectados por SARS-CoV-2 entre marzo y diciembre de 2020. Los datos se obtuvieron en las sociedades, asociaciones y federaciones vinculadas a la Confederación Latinoamericana de Sociedades de Anestesia en marzo de 2021. Resultados: Se identificaron 2.170 anestesiólogos infectados por SARS-CoV-2. De estos, 1.550 correspondieron a Suramérica y 620 casos a Centroamérica, México y el Caribe. Entre los 2.170 anestesiólogos infectados por SARS-CoV-2, se informaron 165 muertes en Latinoamérica, con una edad media de 58 años, 79 % de género masculino y con una tasa de letalidad de 7,6 %. Conclusiones: El COVID-19 es una patología emergente, que causa una gran afectación a la población de médicos anestesiólogos. Los reportes de las sociedades, asociaciones y federaciones vinculadas a la Confederación Latinoamericana de Sociedades de Anestesia demuestran el impacto en términos de infección y muertes relacionadas con la pandemia.

Mental health assessment of Spanish frontline healthcare workers during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Background and objectiveThe Covid-19 pandemic continues challenging health systems globally, exposing healthcare workers to constant physical and psychological stressors. To date, several studies have already shown the catastrophic impact on the mental health of medical personnel during the early period of the pandemic. Nevertheless, literature evidences the dearth of works that evaluate the effect over time, understanding the pandemic as a sustained extreme stressor. The present study examines the effect of the pandemic on the mental health of Covid-19 frontline healthcare workers at six months follow-up.Material and methodsA total of 141 frontline healthcare workers from two tertiary hospitals were recruited between July and November 2020. Healthcare workers were evaluated psychologically at baseline and six months follow-up (January to May 2021) using psychometric tests for the assessment of acute stress (VASS, PSS-10, PCL-5), anxiety (STAI) and depression (PHQ-2)ResultsOverall, there was a general worsening of the mental health between the two psychological assessments, especially regarding depression and predisposition to perceiving the situations as a threat. Nurses and nurse aides showed poorer mental health while physicians improved over time. Reduced working hours and higher physical exercise resulted in better mental health among healthcare workers. Women and nursing staff were the most affected by psychological distress at baseline and six months follow-up.ConclusionReduced working hours, adequate resting periods, physical exercise, and efficient intervention strategies are of utmost importance in preventing, controlling, and reducing psychological distress among healthcare workers when coping with critical scenarios such as the current pandemic. (AU)

Antecedentes y objetivoLa pandemia Covid-19 sigue desafiando a los sistemas sanitarios, exponiendo al personal asistencial a estresores físicos y psicológicos. Actualmente, varios estudios han demostrado el impacto catastrófico en la salud mental del personal asistencial durante la primera etapa de la pandemia, pero pocos han considerado el seguimiento de los síntomas. El presente estudio examina el efecto de la pandemia en la salud mental del personal sanitario de primera línea a los 6 meses de seguimiento.Material y métodosSe evaluó psicológicamente a 141 trabajadores sanitarios de primera línea de 2 hospitales terciarios al inicio del estudio (julio-noviembre, 2020) y a los 6 meses (enero-mayo, 2021) mediante pruebas psicométricas para el estrés agudo (VASS, PSS-10, PCL-5), la ansiedad (STAI) y la depresión (PHQ-2).ResultadosEn general, se observó un empeoramiento de la salud mental entre las 2 evaluaciones psicológicas, especialmente en depresión y predisposición a percibir las situaciones como una amenaza. La salud mental del personal de enfermería empeoró con el tiempo, mientras que los médicos mejoraron. La reducción de la jornada laboral y el aumento del ejercicio físico mejoraron la salud mental. Las mujeres y el personal de enfermería fueron los más afectados por el malestar psicológico al inicio y a los 6 meses de seguimiento.ConclusiónJornadas laborales reducidas, períodos de descanso adecuados, ejercicio físico y estrategias de intervención eficientes son de suma importancia para prevenir, controlar y reducir el malestar psicológico entre el personal sanitario ante escenarios críticos como la pandemia actual. (AU)

Craniofacial trauma: Experience in private hospital care during the pandemic provoked by SARS-CoV-2.

BACKGROUND: The onset of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic brought with it important changes in the hospital care for all diseases. According to the international literature, since the beginning of the pandemic there has been an impact in the incidence, etiology, and severity of head trauma, all these changes as a direct consequence of lockdown. OBJECTIVE: In this article we analyzed the characteristics of craniofacial trauma in patients admitted to a private hospital in Mexico City during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. METHOD: Medical records from patients admitted in Medica Sur between March 2020 and June 2021. In this study, incidence, etiology, severity of the injuries and the SARS-CoV-2 PCR result performed upon admission were analyzed. RESULTS: Although there is no study in Mexico like ours, the results were similar to those reported by other hospital centers worldwide, presenting a greater number of cases classified as mild craniofacial trauma, in addition to finding that the main age group affected were older adults. CONCLUSIONS: The reported information in our study provides a general view of craniofacial trauma characteristics during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El inicio de la pandemia provocada por SARS-CoV-2 trajo consigo importantes cambios en los cuidados hospitalarios para todas las enfermedades. De acuerdo con la literatura internacional, desde el comienzo, y a consecuencia del aislamiento, ha existido un impacto en la incidencia, la etiología y la gravedad del trauma craneomaxilofacial. OBJETIVO: Estudiar las características del trauma craneofacial en los pacientes ingresados a un hospital privado en la Ciudad de México durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. MÉTODO: Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de los pacientes ingresados a Médica Sur, entre marzo de 2020 y junio de 2021. Se analizaron la incidencia, la etiología, la gravedad de las lesiones y el resultado de la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para SARS-CoV-2 que se realizó durante la atención hospitalaria. RESULTADOS: En México no existe un estudio semejante al nuestro, pero los resultados fueron similares a los reportados por otros centros hospitalarios en el mundo, presentando un mayor número de casos clasificados como traumatismo craneofacial leve, además de encontrar que el principal grupo de edad afectado fueron los adultos mayores. CONCLUSIONES: La información reportada en nuestro estudio brinda un panorama general sobre las características del trauma craneofacial durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2.

Mental health assessment of Spanish frontline healthcare workers during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Covid-19 pandemic continues challenging health systems globally, exposing healthcare workers to constant physical and psychological stressors. To date, several studies have already shown the catastrophic impact on the mental health of medical personnel during the early period of the pandemic. Nevertheless, literature evidences the dearth of works that evaluate the effect over time, understanding the pandemic as a sustained extreme stressor. The present study examines the effect of the pandemic on the mental health of Covid-19 frontline healthcare workers at six months follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 141 frontline healthcare workers from two tertiary hospitals were recruited between July and November 2020. Healthcare workers were evaluated psychologically at baseline and six months follow-up (January to May 2021) using psychometric tests for the assessment of acute stress (VASS, PSS-10, PCL-5), anxiety (STAI) and depression (PHQ-2) RESULTS: Overall, there was a general worsening of the mental health between the two psychological assessments, especially regarding depression and predisposition to perceiving the situations as a threat. Nurses and nurse aides showed poorer mental health while physicians improved over time. Reduced working hours and higher physical exercise resulted in better mental health among healthcare workers. Women and nursing staff were the most affected by psychological distress at baseline and six months follow-up. CONCLUSION: Reduced working hours, adequate resting periods, physical exercise, and efficient intervention strategies are of utmost importance in preventing, controlling, and reducing psychological distress among healthcare workers when coping with critical scenarios such as the current pandemic.

Intervención social en dispositivo habilitado para la covid-19 para personas mayores, personas con enfermedad mental y diversidad funcional. centre paral·lel / Social intervention in a device enabled for covid-19 for the elderly, people with mental illness and functional diversity. center paral·lel

En este artículo se recoge la intervenciónsocial y sanitaria realizada conjuntamente por las trabajadoras sociales sanitarias (TSS) del Hospital Mare de Déu de la Mercè, y del Pla Social y Sanitario del Consorci Sanitari de Barcelona (CSB) de abril 2020 a febrero 2021, durante la crisis provocada por el SARS-CoV-2, en las residencias para personas mayores de Barcelona ciudad. Se llevó a cabo una intervención coordinada entre ambas entidades, los Equipos de Atención Primaria y los centros residenciales afectados por brotes de la COVID-19. Se muestran los resultados de la coordinación obtenidos durante la gestión de los tránsitos entre el dispositivo sanitarizado habilitado, residencia Paral·lel, y las residencias, con el fin de controlar la expansión de la pandemia en los centros, asegurar el aislamiento, la correcta atención sanitaria de las personas residentes afectadas por la COVID-19 y evitar ingresos innecesarios con posibilidad de iatrogenia. (AU)

This article resumes the social and sanitary intervention in residences for the elderly in Barcelona city from April 2020 to February 2021, during the crisis caused by SARS-CoV-2. This coordinated intervention was carried out by the social health workers (TSS) of the Hospital Mare de Déu de la Mercè and the Social and Health Plan of the Consorci Sanitari de Barcelona (CSB). The intervention was performed by both entities, the Primary Care Teams and the residential centers affected by COVID-19 outbreaks.In this article the profits obtainedwith this coordination during the management of the transfers between the enabled sanitary device, “Centre Paral·lel” and other elderly residences are resumed. The objective of the procedures was to control the expansion of the pandemic in the centers, ensure isolation, adequate care healthcare of residents affected by COVID-19 and avoid unnecessary admissions with the possibility of mal praxys. (AU)

El continuo de salud mental durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en población general de adultos argentinos / The Mental Health Continuum During the Covid-19 Pandemic in a General Population of Argentine Adults

Resumen El análisis de la salud mental de las personas en contexto de pandemia por SARS-Cov-2 constituye un reto de gran relevancia para la psicología actual. La presente investigación se propuso dos objetivos. En primer lugar, analizar las asociaciones entre el continuo de salud mental y los síntomas de ansiedad, depresión e intolerancia a la incertidumbre en adultos argentinos en pandemia por COVID-19 y, en segundo lugar, comparar los niveles de bienestar emocional, psicológico y social según asistencia psicológica en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. El tipo de estudio fue descriptivo, correlacional y de diferencia de grupos bajo un diseño no experimental de corte transversal. Se utilizó una muestra de 1120 adultos de entre 18 y 84 años (MEdad 37.32, DE = 14.81), 60.1% mujeres y 39.9% varones. Los resultados informaron que las asociaciones entre los niveles de bienestar emocional, psicológico, social y total y los síntomas de depresión e intolerancia a la incertidumbre fueron negativas y significativas. Sin embargo, las correlaciones con los síntomas de ansiedad fueron positivas y significativas. Se hallaron diferencias significativas en los niveles de bienestar emocional, psicológico, social y total según asistencia a tratamiento psicoterapéutico. En todos los casos, las personas que asistieron a tratamiento psicoterapéutico demostraron mayores niveles de bienestar en comparación a quienes no lo realizaron. Se concluye que las personas que se encontraban en la categoría de salud mental floreciente y realizaban tratamiento psicoterapéutico presentaron menores indicadores de depresión e intolerancia a la incertidumbre.

Abstract: The people's mental health analysis in SARS-Cov-2 pandemic context constitutes a highly relevant challenge for current psychology. The present research had two goals, firstly to analyze the associations between the mental health continuum and symptoms of anxiety, depression and intolerance to uncertainty in Argentine adults in the COVID-19 pandemic, and secondly to compare the levels of emotional, psychological and social well-being according to psychological assistance in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included a sample of 1120 adults between 18 and 84 years of age (Mage 37.32, SD = 14.81), 60.1% women and 39.9% men. The results reported that the associations between levels of emotional, psychological, social and total well-being and symptoms of depression and intolerance of uncertainty were negative and significant. However, the correlations with anxiety symptoms were positive and significant. Significant differences were found in the levels of emotional, psychological, social and total well-being according to attendance to psychotherapeutic treatment. In all cases, people who attended psychotherapeutic treatment showed higher levels of well-being compared to those who did not. It is concluded that people who were in the flourishing mental health category and underwent psychotherapeutic treatment showed lower indicators of depression and intolerance to uncertainty.

Resumo: A análise da saúde mental das pessoas no contexto de uma pandemia de SARS-Cov-2 é um desafio altamente relevante para a psicologia actual. A presente investigação tinha dois objectivos, primeiro para analisar as associações entre a continuidade da saúde mental e os sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e intolerância à incerteza em adultos argentinos numa pandemia COVID-19, e segundo para comparar os níveis de bem-estar emocional, psicológico e social de acordo com a assistência psicológica no contexto de uma pandemia COVID-19. O tipo de estudo foi descritivo, correlacional e de diferença de grupo, sob um desenho transversal não experimental. Foi utilizada uma amostra de 1120 adultos de 18-84 anos (Midade 37.32, DP = 14.81), 60.1% feminino e 39.9% masculino. Os resultados relataram que as associações entre os níveis de bem-estar emocional, psicológico, social e total e os sintomas de depressão e de intolerância à incerteza eram negativas e significativas. No entanto, as correlações com sintomas de ansiedade foram positivas e significativas. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos níveis de bem-estar emocional, psicológico, social e total de acordo com a assistência ao tratamento psicoterapêutico. Em todos os casos, as pessoas que assistiram ao tratamento psicoterapêutico mostraram níveis mais elevados de bem-estar em comparação com as que não o fizeram. Concluise que as pessoas que se encontravam na próspera categoria de saúde mental e foram submetidas a tratamento psicoterapêutico mostraram indicadores mais baixos de depressão e intolerância à incerteza.

Consentimiento informado ante el COVID-19 para la práctica del otorrinolaringólogo / Informed consent In the practice of the otolaryngologyst during the era of COVID-19

Desde el inicio de la pandemia por la enfermedad SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), la práctica médica viene sufriendo profundos cambios estructurales; quizá uno de los componentes en los que más se evidencian estos cambios es en la relación médico-paciente. Es claro que la praxis médica cambiará e incluirá herramientas tecnológicas presenciales y no presenciales, y nuevas medidas de protección para médicos y pacientes, lo que modificará la atmósfera médica tradicional. La enfermedad contagiosa transmisible obligará al otorrinolaringólogo a transformar las conductas de la relación médico-paciente, deberá asumir acciones en procura de cuidar a su paciente y cuidarse a sí mismo. Por otro lado, también obligará al paciente a tomar acciones de cuidado para su médico, no solo para sí mismo. Lo anterior en la relación bidireccional en la que se basa la atención médica. Dentro de esta nueva relación médico-paciente cobrará relevancia especial el consentimiento informado (CI), porque estará presente en muchas de las nuevas formas de prestación de servicio y además porque tiene un nuevo componente que, por ahora, será muy difícil dejar de lado, el riesgo de contagio por COVID-19. La explicación médica de lo que sucede con este virus y la aceptación por parte del paciente creará un nuevo proceder médico que será parte de esta nueva metodología de trabajo. El presente artículo explica el uso del CI en esta nueva práctica médica, desarrollado desde un enfoque histórico, legal y clínico protocolando al lector información actual referente a esta valiosa herramienta.

Since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, the medical practice has undergone profound structural changes; one of the components in which these changes are seen is the doctor-patient relationship. It is clear that the praxis will modify the medicine as we know it, since the history taking in the medical consult, to performing the physical exam and the treatment options. From the pandemic onwards, new onsite and non-contact technological tools and protection measures for the patients and medical staff will be included, even the patient-physician relationship will change trying to avoid the contact as much as possible, modifying the traditional medical atmosphere. The contagious transmissible diseases will force otolaryngologists to transform their behavior and medical-patient relationship, forcing both parts to take action pursuing the care of themselves and the other, attending the two-way relationship of the medical attention. Within this new physician-patient relationship, the informed consent (IC) will take special relevance, not only because it will be present in many of the new service providing ways but also because it has a new component which, for now, will be very difficult to ignore: the risk of Covid19 Infection. The medical explanation of what is happening with this novel coronavirus and the acceptance by the patient, will create a new medical performance as part of a new methodology. This article explains the use of the IC in this new medical practice from its philosophical, medical and legal aspects, providing the reader with more information regarding this valuable tool.