Quiste esplénico. Esplenectomía parcial con exclusión vascular laparoscópica / Splenic cyst. Laparoscopic partial splenectomy with vascular exclusion

RESUMEN Antecedentes: la esplenectomía conlleva peligro de infecciones de distinta naturaleza. El riesgo de sepsis fluctúa entre 4,25 y 18,2%. El tratamiento quirúrgico corriente en las afecciones del bazo es la esplenectomía; la resección parcial, cuando es posible, es la mejor opción. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados a partir de la resección parcial del bazo y oclusión vascular en porta dores de quistes esplénicos. Material y métodos: en un período de 3 años se realizó esplenectomía parcial en 4 pacientes con quiste esplénico, en dos de los cuales se empleó exclusión vascular. Femenino, 3; edad, 30,5 años; IMC, 26,1. Resultados: tiempo operatorio,120,75 minutos; de clampeo,12 minutos. Pérdida sanguínea sin clam peo, 700 y 200 mL; con clampeo, 50 y 30 mL. Un paciente fue reintervenido, completando la esplenec tomía por vía convencional. Tiempo de internación, 3,5 días. Conclusiones: la resección parcial del bazo con clampeo vascular transitorio es una opción factible y asegura, con escaso sangrado.

ABSTRACT Background: Background: Spleen resection is associated with high risk of infections. The risk of sepsis ranges between 4.25% and 18.2%. Splenectomy is the usual surgical practice in spleen diseases, and partial resection is the best option, when possible. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of partial splenectomy with vascular occlusion in patients with splenic cysts. Material and methods: Over a 3-year period, 4 patients with splenic cysts underwent partial splenec tomy; vascular exclusion was used in 2 of them. Three patients were women; age, 30.5 years; BMI: 36.1 Results: Operative time. 120.75 minute; clamping time, 12 minutes. Blood loss without vascular clam ping, 700 and 200 mL; with vascular clamp, 50 and 30 mL. One patient was reoperated with total splenectomy via the conventional approach. Length of hospital stay, 3.5 days. Conclusions: Partial splenectomy with temporary vascular clamping is a feasible and safe option with minor intraoperative bleeding.

Resection of a giant nonparasitic splenic cyst by minilaparoscopy.

A female patient, 20 years old, with a history of a progressive increase in abdominal volume on the left side, starting 3 years ago, with no associated symptoms and no history of trauma. Ultrasonography and a computed tomography scan of the abdomen were performed, which revealed a large splenomegaly, and a partial minilaparoscopic splenectomy was indicated. We opted for unroofing of the cyst, and the procedure was uneventful, with a total surgical time of 47 min. The patient progressed clinically well, without abdominal pain, being discharged on the 2nd post-operative day.

Esplenectomía parcial en niños con anemias hemolíticas congénitas en el Hospital Pediátrico Docente de Matanzas Eliseo Noel Caamaño / Partial splenectomy in children with congenital hemolytic anemia in the Pediatric Hospital Eliseo Noel Caamaño of Matanzas

Introducción: las anemias hemolíticas se caracterizan por una destrucción precoz de los hematíes, con un acortamiento de su vida media. Estos pacientes pueden requerir para el control de la enfermedad o por el desarrollo de complicaciones esplénicas, la necesidad de ser sometidos a una esplenectomía. Por la morbilidad y posibles complicaciones letales como la sepsis post-esplenectomía de la esplenectomía total en niños, se ha empleado la esplenectomía parcial como opción de tratamiento quirúrgico. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados de la esplenectomía parcial en los pacientes con anemias hemolíticas congénitas. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo longitudinal, del universo de los 15 pacientes con anemias hemolíticas congénitas a los que se les realizó esplenectomía parcial. Resultados: se encontró que la drepanocitosis y la esferocitosis hereditaria fueron los diagnósticos más frecuentes dentro de los casos operados. Las principales indicaciones de la esplenectomía parcial fueron la crisis de secuestro esplénico y la necesidad de transfusiones de sangre respectivamente. Las variables hematológicas analizadas en el período postoperatorio mostraron una respuesta favorable al tratamiento quirúrgico. Conclusiones: la esplenectomía parcial llevó a un mejoramiento clínico y hematológico en los pacientes con anemias hemolíticas congénitas, tributarios de tratamiento quirúrgico, sin complicaciones significativas en un período de seguimiento de 5 años (AU).

Introduction: congenital hemolytic anemia are characterized by an early destruction of red blood cells, with a shortening of their average life. For the control of the disease or due to the development of splenic complications, these patients may require to undergo splenectomy. Due to the morbidity and possible lethal complications such as post-splenectomy sepsis of total splenectomy in children, partial splenectomy has been used as a surgical treatment option. Objective: to evaluate the results of partial splenectomy in patients with congenital hemolytic anemia. Materials and Methods: a longitudinal prospective, descriptive study was performed in 15 patients with congenital hemolytic anemia who underwent partial splenectomy. Results: sickle cell disease and hereditary spherocytosis were the most frequent diagnoses in the group of operated cases. The main indications of partial splenectomy were splenic sequester crises and the necessity of blood transfusions respectively. The hematologic variables analyzed in the post-surgery period showed a favorable answer to surgical treatment. Conclusions: partial splenectomy led to a hematologic and clinical improvement in patients with congenital hemolytic anemia, tributary of surgical treatment, without significant complications in a 5-year follow-up period (AU).

Esplenectomía parcial en niños con anemias hemolíticas congénitas en el Hospital Pediátrico Docente de Matanzas Eliseo Noel Caamaño / Partial splenectomy in children with congenital hemolytic anemia in the Pediatric Hospital Eliseo Noel Caamaño of Matanzas

Introducción: las anemias hemolíticas se caracterizan por una destrucción precoz de los hematíes, con un acortamiento de su vida media. Estos pacientes pueden requerir para el control de la enfermedad o por el desarrollo de complicaciones esplénicas, la necesidad de ser sometidos a una esplenectomía. Por la morbilidad y posibles complicaciones letales como la sepsis post-esplenectomía de la esplenectomía total en niños, se ha empleado la esplenectomía parcial como opción de tratamiento quirúrgico. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados de la esplenectomía parcial en los pacientes con anemias hemolíticas congénitas. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo longitudinal, del universo de los 15 pacientes con anemias hemolíticas congénitas a los que se les realizó esplenectomía parcial. Resultados: se encontró que la drepanocitosis y la esferocitosis hereditaria fueron los diagnósticos más frecuentes dentro de los casos operados. Las principales indicaciones de la esplenectomía parcial fueron la crisis de secuestro esplénico y la necesidad de transfusiones de sangre respectivamente. Las variables hematológicas analizadas en el período postoperatorio mostraron una respuesta favorable al tratamiento quirúrgico. Conclusiones: la esplenectomía parcial llevó a un mejoramiento clínico y hematológico en los pacientes con anemias hemolíticas congénitas, tributarios de tratamiento quirúrgico, sin complicaciones significativas en un período de seguimiento de 5 años (AU).

Introduction: congenital hemolytic anemia are characterized by an early destruction of red blood cells, with a shortening of their average life. For the control of the disease or due to the development of splenic complications, these patients may require to undergo splenectomy. Due to the morbidity and possible lethal complications such as post-splenectomy sepsis of total splenectomy in children, partial splenectomy has been used as a surgical treatment option. Objective: to evaluate the results of partial splenectomy in patients with congenital hemolytic anemia. Materials and Methods: a longitudinal prospective, descriptive study was performed in 15 patients with congenital hemolytic anemia who underwent partial splenectomy. Results: sickle cell disease and hereditary spherocytosis were the most frequent diagnoses in the group of operated cases. The main indications of partial splenectomy were splenic sequester crises and the necessity of blood transfusions respectively. The hematologic variables analyzed in the post-surgery period showed a favorable answer to surgical treatment. Conclusions: partial splenectomy led to a hematologic and clinical improvement in patients with congenital hemolytic anemia, tributary of surgical treatment, without significant complications in a 5-year follow-up period (AU).

[Spleen-preserving surgery after blunt abdominal trauma with splenic hilum involvement]. / Cirugía preservadora de órgano tras traumatismo esplénico cerrado con implicación hiliar.

BACKGROUND: Splenic involvement secondary to blunt abdominal trauma is often treated by performing a splenectomy. The severity of the post-splenectomy syndrome is currently well known (blood loss, sepsis), so there is an increasing tendency to preserve the spleen. The case is presented of splenic preservation after blunt abdominal trauma with hilum involvement, emphasising the role of Floseal as a haemostatic agent, as well as the use of resorbable meshes to preserve the spleen. CLINICAL CASE: A 22-year-old woman presenting with a grade IV splenic lesion secondary to a blunt abdominal trauma after a traffic accident. Partial splenic resection was performed and bleeding was controlled with Floseal and use of a reinforcing polyglycolic acid mesh. No postoperative complications occurred, being discharged on day 5. The long-term follow-up has been uneventful. CONCLUSION: The use of haemostatic agents such as thrombin and the gelatine gel (FloSeal) and the use of polyglycolic acid meshes enable spleen-preserving surgery, making it a feasible and reproducible procedure and an alternative to classical splenectomy.

La drepanocitosis en Cuba. Estudio en niños / Drepanocytosis in Cuba: Study in children

La drepanocitosis es la anemia hemolítica determinada genéticamente más frecuente en el mundo. En Cuba, la frecuencia del estado de portador es del 3,08 por ciento en la población general. La fisiopatología de la oclusión vascular es muy compleja; involucra la polimerización de la Hb S, las alteraciones de la membrana del hematíe, las moléculas de adhesión, las citocinas inflamatorias, los factores de la coagulación y lesiones del endotelio vascular. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes son: las crisis vasooclusivas dolorosas, el síndrome torácico agudo, la crisis de secuestro esplénico, la crisis aplástica, la necrosis aséptica de la cabeza del fémur y la úlcera maleolar. El cuadro clínico es muy variable: desde niños que mueren temprano en la vida hasta pacientes que alcanzan la sexta década de la vida. En el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología existe un Programa de Atención Integral que incluye: seguimiento sistemático desde temprano en la vida en una consulta especializada, la administración de ácido fólico de forma permanente y de penicilina oral profiláctica los primeros 5 años de la vida; así como la educación del niño y de sus padres. Desde 1986 se realiza esplenectomía parcial en la crisis de secuestro esplénico con excelentes resultados. Entre 2004-2008 fallecieron solamente 16 enfermos en todo el país y en 397 adultos la sobrevida fue de 53 años en la anemia drepanocítica y de 58 en la hemoglobinopatía SC. Como resultado de este programa, en los últimos años la sobrevida ha aumentado, la calidad de vida del paciente ha mejorado y han disminuido los costos invertidos en el tratamiento de las complicaciones(AU)

Drepanocytosis is the hemolytic anemia more frequent genetically determined in the world. In Cuba, the frequency of carrier status is of 3,08 percent in general population. The pathophysiology of vascular occlusion is very complex; includes the polymerization of the Hb S, the alterations of red-blood cells, the adhesion molecules, the inflammatory cytokines, the coagulation factors and the lesions of the vascular endothelium. The more frequent clinical manifestations are: painful vaso-occlusive crises, the acute thoracic syndrome, the splenic sequestration crisis, the aplastic crisis, the aseptic necrosis of femur head and malleolar ulcer. The clinical picture is very variable: from children dying early in life up to patients achieve the sixth decade of life. In the Institute of Hematology and Immunology there is an Integral Care Program including: systematic follow-up from early in life in a specialized consultation, permanent administration of folic acid and of prophylactic oral penicillin during the first 5 years of age; as well as the child education and of parents. From 1986 it is carried out the partial splenectomy in crises of splenic sequestration with excellent results. Between 2004-2008 in all the country deceased only 16 patients and in 397 adults the survival rate was of 53 years in the drepanocythemia and of 58 in the SC hemoglobinopathy. As result of this program, in past years the survival has increased, the quality of life of patient improved and the costs spent in treatment of complications has decrease(AU)

La drepanocitosis en Cuba. Estudio en niños / Drepanocytosis in Cuba: Study in children

La drepanocitosis es la anemia hemolítica determinada genéticamente más frecuente en el mundo. En Cuba, la frecuencia del estado de portador es del 3,08 por ciento en la población general. La fisiopatología de la oclusión vascular es muy compleja; involucra la polimerización de la Hb S, las alteraciones de la membrana del hematíe, las moléculas de adhesión, las citocinas inflamatorias, los factores de la coagulación y lesiones del endotelio vascular. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes son: las crisis vasooclusivas dolorosas, el síndrome torácico agudo, la crisis de secuestro esplénico, la crisis aplástica, la necrosis aséptica de la cabeza del fémur y la úlcera maleolar. El cuadro clínico es muy variable: desde niños que mueren temprano en la vida hasta pacientes que alcanzan la sexta década de la vida. En el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología existe un Programa de Atención Integral que incluye: seguimiento sistemático desde temprano en la vida en una consulta especializada, la administración de ácido fólico de forma permanente y de penicilina oral profiláctica los primeros 5 años de la vida; así como la educación del niño y de sus padres. Desde 1986 se realiza esplenectomía parcial en la crisis de secuestro esplénico con excelentes resultados. Entre 2004-2008 fallecieron solamente 16 enfermos en todo el país y en 397 adultos la sobrevida fue de 53 años en la anemia drepanocítica y de 58 en la hemoglobinopatía SC. Como resultado de este programa, en los últimos años la sobrevida ha aumentado, la calidad de vida del paciente ha mejorado y han disminuido los costos invertidos en el tratamiento de las complicaciones

Drepanocytosis is the hemolytic anemia more frequent genetically determined in the world. In Cuba, the frequency of carrier status is of 3,08 percent in general population. The pathophysiology of vascular occlusion is very complex; includes the polymerization of the Hb S, the alterations of red-blood cells, the adhesion molecules, the inflammatory cytokines, the coagulation factors and the lesions of the vascular endothelium. The more frequent clinical manifestations are: painful vaso-occlusive crises, the acute thoracic syndrome, the splenic sequestration crisis, the aplastic crisis, the aseptic necrosis of femur head and malleolar ulcer. The clinical picture is very variable: from children dying early in life up to patients achieve the sixth decade of life. In the Institute of Hematology and Immunology there is an Integral Care Program including: systematic follow-up from early in life in a specialized consultation, permanent administration of folic acid and of prophylactic oral penicillin during the first 5 years of age; as well as the child education and of parents. From 1986 it is carried out the partial splenectomy in crises of splenic sequestration with excellent results. Between 2004-2008 in all the country deceased only 16 patients and in 397 adults the survival rate was of 53 years in the drepanocythemia and of 58 in the SC hemoglobinopathy. As result of this program, in past years the survival has increased, the quality of life of patient improved and the costs spent in treatment of complications has decrease

Técnica quirúrgica para el tratamiento de la hipertensión portal prehepática en el adulto / Surgical technique for treatment of a prehepatic portal hypertension in the adult

Se describe el caso de una paciente de 24 años que presentaba hipertensión portal prehepática por trombosis de la vena porta, secundaria a un cateterismo de la vena umbilical en el período neonatal, a quien se le realizó una técnica quirúrgica novedosa utilizada solamente en los niños. Esta paciente tenía várices esofágicas, gastropatía portal e hiperesplenismo con gran esplenomegalia. Se le realizó una esplenectomía parcial con desvascularización gástrica parcial troncular (ligadura de las arterias y venas coronarioestomáquicas y gastroepiploicas derechas). La paciente recuperó las concentraciones hemáticas normales, las várices desaparecieron, no ha vuelto a sangrar y el bazo no ha crecido en un período de evolución de 1 año y medio. Consideramos que esta es una buena alternativa quirúrgica en pacientes con hipertensión portal prehepática, a cualquier edad(AU)

This is the case of a female patient aged 24 presenting with prehepatic portal hypertension secondary to a catheterization of the umbilical vein in neonatal period who undergoes a novel surgical technique used only in children. This patient had esophageal varices, portal gastropathy and hypersplenism with a significant splenomegaly A partial splenectomy with truncal partial gastric devascularization (ligature of right coronary-stomachic and gastroepiploic arteries and veins). Patient recovered the normal hematic concentrations, varices disappeared without bleeding and spleen growth during a period of one a half year. Authors considered that this is a good surgical alternative in patients presenting with prehepatic portal hypertension at any age(AU)

Evaluación a largo plazo de la esplenectomía parcial en pacientes con esferocitosos hereditaria / Long-term assessment of the partial splenectomy in patients with hereditary spherocytosis

Se evaluó la efectividad de la esplenectomía parcial (EP) en 17 pacientes con esferocitosis hereditaria atendidos en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología. La edad al diagnóstico fue de 6,71 ± 5,38 meses. Todos presentaron esplenomegalia. Un paciente presentó litiasis vesicular antes de la intervención. Los criterios para indicar la esplenectomía fueron: requerimientos transfusionales (82,4 por ciento), anemia crónica y esplenomegalia (11,7 por ciento) y esplenomegalia (5,9 por ciento). La edad al momento de la EP fue de 7,0 ± 2,6 años. La hemoglobina (Hb) estaba disminuida en el 94,1 por ciento de los enfermos; los reticulocitos aumentados en el 100 por ciento y la bilirrubina total e indirecta elevada en el 76,5 por ciento y 88,2 por ciento, respectivamente. El promedio de edad actual de los pacientes es de 16,24 ± 4,26 años, con un tiempo de evolución de 9,24 ± 4,47 años. Las variables de laboratorio posoperatorio mostraron incremento significativo de la Hb (p= 4 × 10-9) y disminución de los reticulocitos (p= 0,003). La tendencia en el tiempo de la Hb mantuvo estabilidad de los niveles alcanzados luego de la intervención, en todos los pacientes con más de 10 años de operados, no así para los reticulocitos. Dos pacientes presentaron crecimiento del fragmento esplénico; uno se asoció con mala respuesta clínico-hematológica. No se comprobó sepsis ni complicaciones tromboembólicas con posterioridad al proceder.

The effectiveness of partial splenomegalia (PS) was assessed in 17 patients with hereditary spherocytosis seen in the Hematology and Immunology Institute. Age at diagnosis was of 6.71 ± 5.38 months. All of them had splenomegalia. A patient had vesicular lithiasis before intervention. Criteria to presence of splenomegalia were: transfusion requirements (822.4 percent), chronic anemia and splenomegalia (11.7 percent) and splenomegalia (5.9 percent). Age at moment of PS was of( 7.0 ± 2.6 years). Hemoglobin (Hb) was low in the 94,1 percent of patients; reticulocytes increased in the 100 percent and the total and indirect bilirubin was high in the 76,5 percent and the 88,2 percent, respectively. Current mean age of patients is 16,24 ± 4,26 years with a course time of 9,24 ± 4,47 years. Postoperative laboratory variables showed a significant increase of Hb (p= 4 × 10-9) and a decrease of reticulocytes (p= 0.003). Trend in time of Hb remained stable in levels achieved after intervention in all patients with more than 10 years of operated on, but not for reticulocytes. Two patients showed a growing of splenic fragment; one was associated with a poor clinical-hematological response. There not sepsis or thromboembolism complications after procedure.

Operações laparoscópicas conservadoras do baço para tratar dor esplênica por isquemia / Conservative laparoscopic operations of the spleen for treatment of splenic pain due to ischemia

RACIONAL: Desde 1979 este grupo de autores executa esplenectomia conservadora através de esplenectomia sub-total e autotransplante esplênico. Estes procedimentos foram realizados em mais de 300 pacientes para tratar diferentes condições patológicas. OBJETIVO: Apresentar proposta original e inédita em seres humanos de esplenectomia subtotal, preservando apenas o pólo superior do baço por via laparoscópica e esplenectomia total complementada por implante autógeno de tecido esplênico, também pela via laparoscópica, como nova forma de tratamento da dor severa devida à isquemia do baço. MÉTODOS: Três pacientes com intensa dor no hipocôndrio esquerdo foram submetidos a grande número de exames para concluir que sua dor era provocada por isquemia de parte do baço. A dor era resistente a todos os métodos conservadores utilizados. Decidiu-se, então, pelo tratamento cirúrgico por meio da esplenectomia subtotal, preservando o pólo superior do baço suprido pelos vasos esplenogástricos em dois casos, e esplenectomia total complementada por implante no omento maior de 20 fragmentos retirados desse baço, no terceiro caso. As três operações foram realizadas por via laparoscópica. Os três doentes foram acompanhados com exames hematológicos, imunológicos, tomográficos e cintilográficos. RESULTADOS: Esses procedimentos foram conduzidos sem risco para os paciente e com sangramento mínimo. Não houve dificuldade técnica nem complicações per ou pós-operatórias. No seguimento, não foram constatadas anormalidades, comprovando-se a vitalidade e a função dos remanescentes esplênicos. A dor esplênica desapareceu desde o dia da operação e não retornou durante o período de acompanhamento. CONCLUSÃO: A esplenectomia subtotal e os auto-implantes esplênicos são factíveis por via laparoscópica, de maneira segura para os doentes e devem deve ser considerados no tratamento da dor de origem isquêmica do baço.

BACKGROUND: Since 1979 this group of authors is doing conservative splenic surgical procedures by mean of subtotal splenectomy and splenic autotransplantation. These procedures were used in over 300 patients to treat different pathological conditions. AIM: To present for the first time in the world subtotal splenectomy and splenic autotransplantation by laparoscopic means, as a new treatment for severe pain due to ischemic spleen. METHODS: Three patients presented left abdominal severe pain due to diffuse ischemia of the spleen. This symptom was resistant to all conservative treatment. Laparoscopic subtotal splenectomy, with preservation of the upper splenic pole was indicated in two cases because this was the only part of the spleen without signs of ischemia. In a third patient ischemia was diffuse and total splenectomy with 20 implants of the splenic tissue on the greater was carried out. RESULTS: These procedures were safely conducted with minor bleeding and no technical difficulties or complications. The postoperative follow-up has been uneventful and hematological, immunological, tomographic and scintigraphic exams confirmed the vitality and functionality of the splenic remnants. The pain disappeared since the first post-operative day in the three patients. CONCLUSION: It is feasible and safe to perform subtotal splenectomy and splenic autotransplants by laparoscopy and these procedures seem to be a good treatment for pain due to ischemic spleen.

Reticulócitos e hematócrito de cães pré e pós esplenectomia parcial

The reticulocytes are erythroid cells that exhibit residual RNA, being released from bone marrow by erythropoietin stimulus in response to tissue hypoxia. After its release from bone marrow, they are temporarily sequestred in the spleen, where they acquire form of mature erythrocytes. Besides, the spleen is also responsible for storage of the blood and their elements. The splenectomy is indicated in cases of splenic torsion or rupture, symptomatic splenomegaly, and splenic masses. This study aimed to evaluate the response of reticulocytes and of hematocrit in dogs submitted to partial splenectomy. Nine mongrel males and female dogs were used. The samples were obtained one hour before the surgery and 48, 96, 144 and 168 hours after this procedure. The findings demonstrated that the hematocrit decreases significantly after the partial splenectomy. Highest values reticulocytes were reached 96 h after the surgery, followed by a decline in number, nevertheless, the counting was higher than moments before of the partial splenectomy.

Os reticulócitos são células eritróides que exibem RNA residual e são liberados da medula óssea em resposta à hipoxia tecidual. Após sua liberação da medula óssea, ficam temporariamente seqüestrados no baço, onde adquirem forma de eritrócitos maturos. Além disso, o baço também é responsável pelo armazenamento do sangue e seus elementos. A esplenectomia é indicada para casos de torção ou ruptura esplênica, esplenomegalia sintomática e massas esplênicas. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a resposta dos reticulócitos e do hematócrito em cães submetidos à remoção parcial do baço. Para isso, foram utilizados nove cães, sem raça definida, machos e fêmeas. As coletas foram feitas uma hora antes e 48, 96, 144 e 168 horas após o procedimento cirúrgico. Os resultados demonstraram que o hematócrito diminuiu significativamente após a esplenectomia parcial. O valor máximo de reticulócitos foi alcançado 96 horas após a cirurgia, a partir daí houve um declínio na quantidade de reticulócitos na corrente sangüínea, permanecendo, porém, em número superior à condição pré-esplenectomia parcial.

Reticulócitos e hematócrito de cães pré e pós esplenectomia parcial

The reticulocytes are erythroid cells that exhibit residual RNA, being released from bone marrow by erythropoietin stimulus in response to tissue hypoxia. After its release from bone marrow, they are temporarily sequestred in the spleen, where they acquire form of mature erythrocytes. Besides, the spleen is also responsible for storage of the blood and their elements. The splenectomy is indicated in cases of splenic torsion or rupture, symptomatic splenomegaly, and splenic masses. This study aimed to evaluate the response of reticulocytes and of hematocrit in dogs submitted to partial splenectomy. Nine mongrel males and female dogs were used. The samples were obtained one hour before the surgery and 48, 96, 144 and 168 hours after this procedure. The findings demonstrated that the hematocrit decreases significantly after the partial splenectomy. Highest values reticulocytes were reached 96 h after the surgery, followed by a decline in number, nevertheless, the counting was higher than moments before of the partial splenectomy.

Os reticulócitos são células eritróides que exibem RNA residual e são liberados da medula óssea em resposta à hipoxia tecidual. Após sua liberação da medula óssea, ficam temporariamente seqüestrados no baço, onde adquirem forma de eritrócitos maturos. Além disso, o baço também é responsável pelo armazenamento do sangue e seus elementos. A esplenectomia é indicada para casos de torção ou ruptura esplênica, esplenomegalia sintomática e massas esplênicas. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a resposta dos reticulócitos e do hematócrito em cães submetidos à remoção parcial do baço. Para isso, foram utilizados nove cães, sem raça definida, machos e fêmeas. As coletas foram feitas uma hora antes e 48, 96, 144 e 168 horas após o procedimento cirúrgico. Os resultados demonstraram que o hematócrito diminuiu significativamente após a esplenectomia parcial. O valor máximo de reticulócitos foi alcançado 96 horas após a cirurgia, a partir daí houve um declínio na quantidade de reticulócitos na corrente sangüínea, permanecendo, porém, em número superior à condição pré-esplenectomia parcial.

Influência das operações sobre o baço na distribuição da escherichia coli no sistema mononuclear fagocitário / Influence of surgical procedures on spleen on distribution of escherichia coli in mononuclear phagocyte system

OBJETIVOS: Para se evitar o estado asplênico, muitas medidas preservadoras do baço têm sido propostas na literatura, como a esplenorrafia, a esplenectomia parcial com preservação dos vasos hilares e o auto-implante de tecido esplênico. A esplenectomia subtotal, com conservação do pólo superior do baço, nutrido apenas pelos vasos esplenogástricos é uma alternativa quando o pedículo esplênico precisa ser ligado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência das esplenectomias parcial, subtotal e total na distribuição da Escherichia coli no sistema mononuclear fagocitário. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 32 ratos divididos em 4 grupos: operação simulada (mantendo todo o baço), esplenectomia parcial, esplenectomia subtotal e esplenectomia total. Após cinco semanas da operação, uma alíquota de Escherichia coli marcada com 99m-tecnécio foi injetada por via venosa. Após 20 minutos, os animais foram mortos, e o baço, os pulmões e o fígado foram retirados para se verificar a distribuição das bactérias marcadas. RESULTADOS: A quantidade de Escherichia coli no tecido esplênico foi maior no grupo com o baço íntegro em comparação com os grupos esplenectomia parcial e subtotal. A distribuição da bactéria marcada pelo baço não diferiu nos grupos com esplenectomia parcial ou subtotal. A quantidade de bactérias no pulmão foi maior no grupo esplenectomia parcial do que a do grupo com esplenectomia subtotal. Após esplenectomia subtotal, a distribuição da bactéria marcada foi maior no fígado em comparação com a captação desse órgão nos demais grupos. CONCLUSÕES: O pólo superior do baço, suprido apenas pelos vasos esplenogástricos, tem capacidade de remover da circulação bactérias vivas, mostrando que, mesmo sem a vascularização pelo pedículo esplênico, há uma eficiente depuração sangüínea. A distribuição da Escherichia coli pelo sistema mononuclear fagocitário apresenta comportamentos diferentes, dependendo do tipo de esplenectomia a que o animal é submetido.

BACKGROUND: To avoid asplenic state, many approaches preserving the spleen have been proposed, such as splenorraphy, partial splenectomy with hilum vessels preservation and autotransplantation. Subtotal splenectomy preserving the upper splenic pole supplied only by splenogastric vessels, is an alternative when splenic pedicle cannot be maintained. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of partial, subtotal and total splenectomy on Escherichia coli distribution in mononuclear phagocyte system. METHODS: Thirty-two rats were divided into the following 4 groups: sham operation (no splenectomy), partial splenectomy, subtotal splenectomy and total splenectomy. In the fifth week postoperative, an aliquot of Escherichia coli labelled with technetium-99m was intravenously injected. After 20 minutes, the animals were killed to remove spleen, lungs and liver, in order to verify the labelled bacteria distribution. RESULTS: The amount of Escherichia coli in the splenic tissue was greater in the group with intact spleen. The bacteria uptake by the spleen was not different from partial or subtotal splenectomy groups. The amount of bacteria in the lungs was greater in the partial splenectomy group than in the subtotal group. After subtotal splenectomy, the distribution of labelled bacteria was greater in the liver than in the others all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The upper splenic pole, supplied only by splenogastric vessels, is able to remove alive bacteria from the blood stream, showing that, even in absence of splenic pedicle, blood clearance continues to be effective. The distribution of Escherichia coli in mononuclear phagocyte system shows different behaviors, depending on the type of splenectomy.

Lipídios plasmáticos após esplenectomia total e parcial em cães / The plasma lipids after total and partial splenectomy in dogs

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da esplenectomia total e parcial (hemiesplenectomia e esplenectomia subtotal) no lipidograma de cães. MÉTODO: Foram operados 38 animais, adultos, machos, mestiços, com peso entre 13kg e 15kg. No pré-operatório, depois do exame clínico e jejum de 12 horas de uma dieta-padrão, foram realizados hemograma e lipidograma. Após anestesia geral com tiopental sódico os cães foram submetidos à laparotomia mediana supra e infra-umbilical. Procedeu-se no grupo 1, de sete cães, apenas à manipulação do baço (simulado); no grupo 2, de nove cães, à hemiesplenectomia cranial; no grupo 3, de nove cães, à esplenectomia subtotal, com preservação do pólo inferior do baço, após ligadura e secção dos troncos principais dos vasos esplênicos próximos ao hilo; e no grupo 4, de 13 cães, à esplenectomia total. RESULTADOS: No grupo 4 (esplenectomia total), quando comparamos os valores do lipidograma dos diferentes períodos pós-operatórios com os do pré-operatório, os nossos resultados mostraram que houve aumento significante do colesterol total em todos os períodos pós-operatórios (p < 0,05, p < 0,01). O HDL aumentou significantemente no 7º (p < 0,01) e 28º dias de pós-operatório (PO) (p < 0,05), e não significantemente (p>0,05) no 56º PO. O LDL aumentou significantemente no 56º PO (p < 0,01) em relação também aos demais períodos do pós-operatório. Os triglicerídeos e VLDL não apresentaram alterações significantes. Nos animais dos grupos 1 e 3 não houve alterações significantes. Nos do grupo 2, houve aumento significante do colesterol no 7º PO. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante de peso entre os remanescentes das esplenectomias parciais. CONCLUSÕES: A análise dos resultados nos permitiu concluir que a esplenectomia total induz aumento significante do colesterol total, das frações HDL e LDL, enquanto os níveis de triglicerídios e a fração VLDL não sofrem alterações; a conservação da metade inferior do baço ou a esplenectomia ...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of partial (hemi-splenectomy and subtotal splenectomy) and total splenectomy in the dogs lipidic profile. METHOD: Thirty eight (38) mongrel male dogs, with weight varying between 13 Kg and 15 Kg were operated. After clinical evaluation and twelve hour fasting of standard diet, preoperatively hemogram and lipidic profile were evaluated. After general anaesthesia with sodium thiopental, the dogs were submitted to an upper and lower median laparotomy. Group I, seven dogs, just manipulation of the spleen (sham-control); group II, nine dogs upper hemisplenectomy; group III, nine dogs, subtotal splenectomy with preservation of inferior pole, after the ligature and section of the splenic artery and vein near the hilus; group IV, thirteen dogs, total splenectomy was performed. RESULTS: Our results, when we compared to the lipid values of the different post-operative periods with preoperative data, showed that in group IV (total splenectomy) there was a significant increase of the total cholesterol in all post-operative periods (p < 0,05, p < 0,01). The high-density lipoprotein(HDL) was significantly augmented in the 7th ( p < 0,01) and 28th (p < 0,05) post-operative day and at not significantly (p > 0,05) on the 56th post-operative time. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) increased significantly in the 56th post-operative (p < 0,01). Triglyceride and very-low density lipoproteins (VLDL) did not present significant changes. Animals of group 1 and 3 did not present significant changes. In group 2 there was a significant increased in cholesterol on the 7th post-operative day. There was no difference between the weight of the spleen remaining after partial splenectomy. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that total splenectomy causes significant elevation in the total cholesterol, HDL and LDL, while triglycerides and VLDL don't change; - the preservation of the inferior lower half of the spleen ...