Clinical significance of the combined test of seven blood coagulation indexes, lipids and platelet agglutination on hypercoagulable state of blood in parturient women.

Objective: To investigate the value of the combined test of seven blood coagulation indexes, lipids and platelet agglutination on the evaluation of the hypercoagulable state of blood in parturient women. Methods: This is a retrospective study. Total 50 high risk parturient women who underwent an antenatal examination in Baoding Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the observation group, while 50 normal parturient women who underwent antenatal examination without comorbidities and complications were randomly collected in a ratio of 1:1 as the control group. All subjects had venous blood drawn for testing of seven blood coagulation indexes, lipids and platelet agglutination before delivery, and their general data were recorded. Results: The activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, while thrombin time(TT) and D-dimer(DD) were both higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences(p<0.05); total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in the observation group were both higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05); adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA) in the observation group were both higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Moreover, the overall incidence of adverse pregnancy was higher in the observation group than in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusions: The combined test of seven blood coagulation indexes, lipids and platelet agglutination results in excellent performance in predicting and judging the presence or absence of the hypercoagulable state of blood in parturient women, with the combination of APTT+TT+DD+TG+ADP+AA being the preferred test.

The relationship between Iranian women's perception of their birth team's compliance with medical ethics and their perception of labor pain.

BACKGROUND: A safe and satisfactory childbirth experience with the least amount of pain constitutes one of the main domains of reproductive healthcare. The most important aspect of labor pain management is the moral and professional commitment of the health professionals and caregivers involved in creating a pleasant delivery. The present study examines the relationship between Iranian women's perceptions of their birth team's compliance with medical ethics and their perception of labor pain. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 women opting for natural childbirth. The samples were selected by convenience sampling. Three questionnaires, including a demographic information questionnaire, the perception of labor pain questionnaire, and the medical ethics attitude in vaginal delivery questionnaire, were used to collect data. The data were entered into SPSS 22 and analyzed using correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests. The significance level for data analysis was set as less than 0.05. RESULTS: The results of the regression analysis showed that among the four principles of medical ethics, only the second and third principles (beneficence and non-maleficence) predicted the perception of labor pain (B = -0.267, P < 0.037). Among the different domains of these principles, the areas of giving the necessary information to the mother (B = -0.199, P = 0.001), respecting the mother's privacy (B = -0.194, P = 0.001), interaction with the mother (B = -0.287, P = 0.001) and assurance of fetal health (B = -0.492, P = 0.001) were predictors of labor pain perception score. CONCLUSIONS: Compliance of the birth team with respecting the mother's privacy, having friendly interactions with the mother and giving fetal health assurance to the mother can be a predictor of the mother's decreased perception of labor pain.

Plasmodium infections and associated risk factors among parturients in Jawi district, northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women have an increased risk of Plasmodium infections and disease. Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health problem in endemic areas. Assessment of the burden and risk factors of malaria in pregnancy across different malaria transmission settings is required to guide control strategies and for malaria elimination. Thus, the current study is generating such evidence from parturient women in northwest Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 526 pregnant women admitted to the delivery rooms of selected health facilities in Jawi district, northwest Ethiopia, between November 2021 and July 2022. Data on the socio-demographic, clinical, obstetric, and malaria prevention practices of pregnant women were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires and from women's treatment cards. Malaria was diagnosed by light microscopy, rapid diagnostic test, and multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. Risk factors for malaria were evaluated using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Among the examined parturient women, 14.3% (95% CI 11.4-17.5%) had Plasmodium infections. The prevalence of peripheral, placental, and congenital malaria was 12.2% (95% CI 9.5-15.3%), 10.9% (95% CI 8.2-14.1%), and 3.7% (95% CI 2.3-6.1%), respectively. About 90.6% of peripheral and 92% of placental Plasmodium infections were asymptomatic. Plasmodium infection at parturiency was independently predicted by maternal illiteracy (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.11-3.74), primigravidity (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.01-3.49), lack of antenatal care follow-up (AOR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.04-5.03), and history of symptomatic malaria during pregnancy (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI 2.32-7.59). Moreover, the blood group O phenotype was significantly associated with placental malaria among the primiparae. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, asymptomatic Plasmodium infections were prevalent among parturients in northwest Ethiopia. Maternal illiteracy, primigravidity, lack of antenatal care follow-up, and history of symptomatic malaria during pregnancy were the risk factors for malaria during parturiency. Thus, promotion of a healthy pregnancy through ANC follow-up, strengthening malaria prevention and control practices, and screening of malaria in asymptomatic pregnant women are suggested to reduce its burden in pregnancy.

Development and validation of a facile rapid assessment scale for perinatal venous thromboembolism in puerperium in Chinese women.

BACKGROUND: It is still urgent and challenge to develop a simple risk assessment scale for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in puerperium in Chinese women. METHODS: The study, a retrospective case-control study, was conducted in 12 hospitals in different cities in China. A total of 1152 pregnant women were selected, including 384 cases with VTE and 768 cases without VTE. A logistic regression method was conducted to determine the risk factors of VTE. RESULTS: Age, BMI before delivery, gestational diabetes mellitus, family history (thrombosis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease), and assisted reproductive technology were independent risk factors (P<0.05). The difference between the high-risk group and the low-risk group was statistically significant(P<0.001) with a sensitivity of 0.578, specificity of 0.756, Yuden index o.334, and area under the ROC curve of 0.878. CONCLUSIONS: The age (≥ 35 years), BMI before delivery (≥ 30 kg/m2), gestational diabetes mellitus, family history of related diseases and assisted reproductive technology are more likely to cause VTE after full-time delivery. The simple and rapid assessment scale of VTE in women after full-term delivery has perfect discrimination (P < 0.001), which can be applied to predict the risk of VTE in Chinese full-term postpartum women.

The Parturient Women's Privacy Preservation in the Delivery Rooms: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: Parturient women's privacy preservation and respectful maternity care (RMC) in delivery room is an important principle in the high quality of midwifery care to achieve maternal satisfaction and positive childbirth experience. Hence, it is essential to make natural vaginal delivery (NVD) a positive experience and increase the mothers' satisfaction. This study aimed to investigate the privacy preservation of parturient women's in the delivery room. Methods: Using conventional content analysis, this qualitative study was conducted from June 2018 to December 2020 at two hospitals and three health centers in Shahroud, Iran. Purposeful sampling was employed and it was continued till data saturation through in-depth interviews with 37 participants. Results: The results of interviews with 21 women with NVD experience and 16 maternity health service providers resulted in the extraction of four themes including physical, spiritual-mental, informational, and social privacy. Conclusion: Various mechanisms were found to promote the privacy and satisfaction of parturient women in the delivery room. They included the necessity continuous education, monitoring about mother's privacy preservation and intervention to improve effective communication skills among staff in delivery rooms.

The rate of SARS-CoV-2 among asymptomatic non-immunised low-risk parturient women between the two waves.

This study was conducted to evaluate the rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and immunity among asymptomatic non-immunised low-risk parturient women and their newborns. A cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary hospital during the nadir period of new cases in Egypt. All asymptomatic pregnant, low risk and non-immunised women were included. All eligible participants had been subjected to SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swabs according to CDC and sampling of maternal and umbilical blood to evaluate the presence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) IgM and IgG antibodies by immunochromatographic assay. Two cases out of 171 (1.2%) parturient women were tested positive for PCR swab to COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, COVID-19 IgG and IgM antibodies testing showed that 67.8% of women were negative for both IgG and IGM, 24.6% were positive for IgG only, 4.1% were positive for IgM only, while 3.5% were positive for both IgG and IgM. Regarding neonatal testing for immunity, 28.1% of the neonates were positive to IgG only and none for IgM.The rate of positive PCR patients among asymptomatic low-risk parturient women was 1.2%. About quarter of women had got herd immunity as evident by positive IgG antibodies. IgG antibodies transferred to the neonates in almost all cases.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global public health emergency. Asymptomatic pregnant women with coronavirus disease can transmit their infection to their newborn, family members and the health care providers.What do the results of this study add? The study showed very low (1.2%) prevalence of COVID positive cases among asymptomatic pregnant women admitted to our facility. Only two cases out of 171 parturient women tested PCR positive for COVID-19 infection (1.2%). SARS-Cov-2 IgG and IgM antibodies testing showed, about a quarter (24.6%) were positive for IgG antibodies, 4.1% were positive for IgM antibodies, while 3.5% were positive for both IgG and IgM. On the other hand, 28.1% of the neonates were positive to IgG only and none of the newborns had had IgM antibodies in their cord blood.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt left behind at least a quarter of pregnant women with a positive antibody denoting some immunity. This immunity is usually transmitted to the neonates in almost all cases.

Analysis of treatment for 360 critically ill pregnant and parturient women in intensive care unit / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill pregnant and parturient women in intensive care unit (ICU), and to provide clinical experience for the subspecialty construction of critical obstetrics.Methods:The clinical data of critically ill pregnant and parturient women admitted to the department of critical care medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2011 to December 2019 were collected. The main reasons for maternal transfer to ICU, the causes of maternal death, and organ support measures, etc. were summarized.Results:A total of 39 567 critically ill pregnant and parturient women were admitted to the department of obstetrics in our hospital, and 360 were transferred to ICU, with an average ICU transfer rate of 0.91%. Since 2016, the number of obstetric admissions, the number of ICU transfers and the ICU transfer rate had increased significantly. The average age of severe maternals admitted to ICU was (30.9±5.7) years old. The average acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ) score was 7 (4, 10). The average length of ICU stay was 1 (1, 2) day. The average ventilator duration was 9.0 (3.0, 17.5) hours. The main delivery mode of pregnant women in ICU was cesarean section (84.72%). Forty-eight patients (13.33%) underwent hysterectomy, of which 42 (87.5%) due to postpartum hemorrhage. The top 3 causes of ICU admission were severe postpartum hemorrhage [36.94% (133/360)], hypertensive disorders of pregnancy [21.67% (78/360)], pregnancy with cardiac disease [15.00% (54/360)]. The leading cause of postpartum hemorrhage in women transferred to ICU was placental abnormality [63.98% (103/161)], followed by uterine atony [28.57% (46/161)]. The average blood loss was (4 019±2 327) mL within 24 hours after delivery, and the number of women who underwent hysterectomy due to postpartum hemorrhage decreased year by year. During the study period, there were 2 maternal deaths, which were indirect obstetric deaths, 3 cases were discharged against-advice (expected death), including 1 indirect death and 2 direct obstetric death; the mortality in ICU was 1.39% (5/360).Conclusions:The most common reasons for pregnant and parturient women to be admitted to ICU were severe postpartum hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The leading cause of postpartum hemorrhage was placental problem. Indirect obstetric deaths exceeded direct obstetric deaths, mainly due to pregnancy complicated with cardiac disease and severe pneumonia. ICU has become an important battlefield for rescuing critically ill maternal and an important guarantee for reducing the maternal mortality.

Impact of evidence-based humanistic care on psychological status and pregnancy outcome in high-risk parturient women / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of evidence-based humanistic care on psychological status and pregnancy outcome in high-risk parturient women.Methods:A total of 92 high-risk pregnant women admitted to the First People′s Hospital of Lianyungang City from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected. According to the method of drawing samples from a random number table, the control group (46 cases) was given care according to the clinical nursing path of childbirth, and the observation group (46 cases) implemented evidence-based humanistic care on this basis.Scores of Chinese Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS) and Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) before and after the intervention, and cesarean section rate, neonatal asphyxia rate, 2 h and 24 h postpartum blood loss were compared.Results:After the intervention, CPSS score (12.28 ± 4.34) and SAS score (47.32 ± 6.61) in observation group were lower than those in control group (16.26 ± 3.39) and (53.60 ± 5.46) ( t values were 4.902, 4.968, P< 0.05); cesarean section rate and neonatal asphyxia rate in observation group were 23.91% (11/46), 2.17%(1/46) lower than 45.65%(21/46)and 19.57%(9/46) in control group ( χ2 values were 4.791, 5.954, P<0.05), and postpartum hemorrhage volume in 2 hours (173.63±61.46) ml and 24 h blood loss (246.37±67.24) ml were less than those in control group (272.45 ±57.92) ml and (368.34±72.47) ml ( t values were 7.936, 8.368, P<0.05). Conclusions:Evidence-based humanistic care can relieve the psychological pressure and anxiety of high-risk parturient women and improve their pregnancy outcome.

Provision of immediate postpartum contraception to women living with HIV in the Eastern Cape, South Africa; a cross-sectional analysis.

BACKGROUND: Universal access to contraception is an important strategy adopted by the South African government to reduce the high rate of unintended pregnancies, especially in women living with HIV. In this article, we describe the choices of contraception and also, examine the influencing factors of the choices of contraception in the immediate postpartum period in parturient women with HIV in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. METHODS: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 1617 parturient women with HIV completed a survey on the choice of contraception received in the immediate postpartum period (within 72 h) across three large maternity services in the Eastern Cape between September 2015 to May 2016. Additional information was extracted from their medical records. Choices of contraception were categorised as; short-acting (injectables), long-acting reversible (intrauterine device and implants) and permanent contraception (tubal ligation). Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were employed to determine the influencing factors of the choices of contraception received by the cohort. RESULTS: Participants were predominantly single (69.1%), unemployed (75.1%), had a grade 7-12 level of education (88.4%) and were HIV positive before their index pregnancy (81.3%). The prevalence of immediate postpartum contraception was high (n = 1507; 93.2%) with Injectables being the preferred choice in the majority of the participants (n = 1218; 75.3%). After controlling for all relevant covariates, single marital status was associated with a higher likelihood of immediate postpartum contraceptive initiation (AOR; 1.82 95% CI 1.10-3.03). Overall, women were more likely to initiate a long-acting reversible and irreversible methods when older than 35 years and having had more than two children. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high prevalence of immediate postpartum contraception with a preference for Injectables in the study setting. Long-term monitoring of this cohort will elucidate on contraceptive discontinuation and risk of unintended pregnancies in the region. Ensuring universal access to contraceptives is an important strategy to reduce the rate of unintended pregnancies at the population level. This strategy was adopted by the South African government with a vision of stemming the tide of unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV. In this study, the choices of contraception adopted by women living with HIV following the delivery of their babies were explored. In addition, the study highlights the factors that predict these choices. Participants were asked the choice of contraception they had received prior to being discharged from the maternity centres where they had delivered their babies. The various types of contraception were then categorised by their duration of action. Three distinct groups emerged; short-acting injectables, long acting reversible contraceptives and permanent methods. Of the 1617 women included in the study, 1117 were single and 1314 knew their HIV status prior to the onset of the index pregnancy. Almost all the women (1507 out of 1617) received one form of contraception before leaving the hospital. Many women (1218 out of 1617) chose injectable contraception (short-acting contraception) over the other types of contraception. Women who were older than 34 years and who had three or more children were more likely to choose a long-acting reversible contraceptive and permanent method over the short-acting contraception or nothing. In conclusion, given the short duration of action of the predominant method adopted by these women, a long-term follow up of the study participants will provide more information on the continued use of contraception and risk for unintended pregnancies.

Prevalencia de la depresión post parto en Arequipa, Perú / Prevalence of postpartum depression in Arequipa, Peru

Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de la depresión postparto en mujeres puérperas de la ciudad de Arequipa. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo. Se evaluaron a 113 madres que acudieron a sus controles postnatales en una posta de salud de la ciudad. Se utilizó la Escala de Depresión Postparto de Edimburgo, previo consentimiento informado. Para efectos del estudio, se valoraron las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento, reportándose adecuados niveles de validez y confiabilidad para la muestra evaluada. Resultados: Los resultados indican que aproximadamente, el 41% de las madres no tiene riesgo de depresión postparto, 14% presenta riesgo y 45% tiene síntomas de depresión postparto. Asimismo, se encontró que el grado de instrucción se relaciona de manera negativa con los niveles de depresión postparto, pero no hubo diferencias significativas en función del tipo de parto ni el estado civil de las madres. Conclusiones: Se concluye que el 45% de las mujeres puérperas evaluadas tienen síntomas de depresión postparto y que el grado de instrucción presenta correlaciones negativas con esta variable. (AU)

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of postpartum depression in puerperal women in the city of Arequipa. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in 113 puerperal women that attended peripheral health care centers for postpartum control. Edinburgh scale for depression was used after getting inform consent. Psychometric properties of the tool were evaluated. Results: Our results indicate that 41% of mothers are not at risk of postpartum depression; 14% are at risk and 45% have symptoms of postpartum depression; the degree of education was inversely correlated with postpartum depression and we did not find statistical association with route of delivery and marital status. Conclusions: We conclude that 45% of puerperal women evaluated had depression and that the degree of education inversely correlated with it. (AU)

Subjective well-being of pregnant and parturient women: a review / 中国实用护理杂志

Pregnancy and childbirth are natural physiological processes for women, but most mothers, especially primipara, tend to suffer from anxiety, fear and other unhealthy psychology, accompanied by the occurrence of these bad emotions. It is a worthy concern that whether the subjective well-being of pregnant women will be affected by these bad emotions. However, there are few reports about subjective well-being of pregnant women in China. In this study, the subjective well-being′s concept, assessment tools and influencing factors of maternal subjective well-being were reviewed. The paper also described the research progress and development on the subjective well-being of pregnant women. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for the study and practice of in China.

Effect of pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation training combined with Buzhong Yiqi Pill at ultra-early stage on the recovery of pelvic floor muscle function after delivery / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To observe the effect of pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation training combined with Buzhong Yiqi Pill at ultra-early stage or early stage on the recovery of postpartum pelvic floor muscle function, to explore the feasibility of intervention of postpartum rehabilitation training at ultra-early stage. Methods 314 patients were randomly divided into the ultra-early stage group and the early stage group, 157 cases for each group. Patients in the ultra-early group were guided to give Kegel exercise and the biofeedback electrical stimulation therapy in the seventh week combined with Buzhong Yiqi pill in 1-2 days after delivery , patients in the early group were given Kegel exercise and biofeedback electrical stimulation therapy in the seventh week combined with Buzhong Yiqi pill. Effects of treatment two groups were observed. Results There were significant increased in pelvic floor muscle activity compared with six weeks and 2 days after delivery between two groups (P<0.05), and there were significant increased in the ultra-early group compared with the same period in the early group (P<0.05) . There were significant increased in good rate in 12 weeks after delivery compared with immediate time and 2 days after delidery (P<0.05), and more significant increased in the ultra- early group than that in the early group (P<0.05). There were significant decreased in urinary urgency, lumbosacral painand tenesmus, vaginal relaxation, and vaginal dryness rate in 12 weeks after delivery compared between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion There were good effects in pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation training combined with Buzhong Yiqi Pill at ultra-early stage on the recovery of pelvic floor muscle function after delivery, and be worthy of clinical application.

Dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection combined with spinal and epidural anesthesia in delivery of elderly parturient women / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the clinical significance of dexamethasone (DT) in the combined spinal and epidural anesthesia for delivery of elderly parturient women. Methods 134 elderly parturient women were selected as the research object, and randomly divided into two groups. 69 cases in DT group received intramuscular injection of dexamethasone and combined anesthesia, while 65 cases in INN group received intramuscular injection of tramadol (INN) and combined spinal and epidural anesthesia. The anesthetic effect of the two groups were observed. Results After treatment, the interleukin (IL-6), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) in DT group were significantly higher than INN group (P<0.05). The five kinds of immunoglobulins levels (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM) in DT group were higher than those in INN group (P<0.05). The heart rate (HR) in DT group was lower and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was higher than that in INN group(P<0.05). There was 1 cases of macrosomia, 2 cases of premature delivery in DT group, the adverse pregnancy outcomes was 4.35%(3/69). there was 1 cases of macrosomia, 1 cases of congenital deformity, 1 cases of premature delivery and 1 case of postterm delivery in DT group, the adverse pregnancy outcomes was 5.80%(4/69), with no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion Dexamethasone combined with anesthesia is very effective for delivery of elderly parturient women which shows very good anti-inflammatory and immunoregulation.

Investigation of Off-label Drug Use of Pregnant and Parturient Women in Obstetrics Ward / 医药导报

Objective To investigate the off-label use status in obstetrics ward so as to provide references for carrying out obstetrics pharmaceutical care and promoting safe medication use in pregnant and parturient women. Methods The prescriptions for pregnant and parturient women from January to June, 2015 in obstetrics ward were investigated. According to drug instructions, the off-label drug use of prescriptions of all selected patients was analyzed in the following aspects:the category of off-label drug use, and drugs use information. In addition, a logistic regression was conducted that modeled the odds of receiving an off-label prescription as a function of the following possible risk factors:pregnant, parturient women and the rank of doctors. The clinical results including the unreasonable drug application, abortion rate and birth defect were compared between the off-label drug use and on-label drug use groups. Results Total of 384 patients were selected, and 5330 prescriptions involving 50 drugs were analyzed. The rate of off-label drug use was 68. 5%, 27. 7% and 24. 0% in patients, prescriptions and drug categories, respectively. The main categories of off-label drug use were super solvent use ( 76. 6%) and indication (14. 3%). The top 3 drugs of off-label use were those for urinary and reproductive (56. 2%), alimentary tract (46. 9%) and traditional Chinese medicine (43. 4%). In addition, there was no significant correlation between the risk of off-label drug use and maternal status and the level of doctors. And no significant difference between the two groups in the unreasonable drug application, abortion rate and birth defect was detected. Conclusion The off-label drug use in obstetrics ward is common in this hospital and most of them are supported by clinical evidence. Due to the lack of more authoritative evidence-based medication, the doctors are suggested to use the drug according to provisions of the drug instructions. When off-label drug use is really needed, it should be based on the surpport of evidence basde medicine,so as to ensure the drug safety for pregnant and parturient women and avoid professional risks.

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in parturient women in Gipuzkoa, Northern Spain.

The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Southern Europe is poorly understood and its identification is essential for the design of appropriate prevention policies. The prevalence of C. trachomatis in 2011-2014 was determined through polymerase chain reaction in urine samples from 11,687 unselected parturient women from the Basque Country, Spain (San Sebastián area). The overall age-adjusted prevalence was 1.0 % (95 % CI 0.8-1.2). The prevalence of infection in women younger than 25 years was 6.4 % and decreased substantially with increasing age: 2.0 % in 25-29 year-olds and 0.5 % in older women (P < 0.001). The prevalence was higher in parturient of foreign origin (1.9 %, 95 % CI 1.3-2.5) than in Spanish parturients (0.8 %, 95 % CI 0.6-1.0), (P < 0.001). The results of this study support the need to screen young women as part of antenatal care in Spain.

Distribution and antimicrobial resistance of the clinical strains isolated f rom the cervical secretions of parturient women / 中国感染与化疗杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of clinical bacterial strains isolated from the cervical secretions of parturient women .Methods A total of 239 bacterial strains were isolated from 1 519 cervical specimens of parturient women .These strains were identified and tested by Kirby‐Bauer method for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents .Results Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated bacteria ,accounting for 34 .3% .The bacterial strains were more or less resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents .Conclusions Various bacterial species are identified in the cervical secretions of parturient women ,primarily Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus .Bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are important for clinicians to take appropriate measures to reduce the incidence of mother‐to‐child infections .

Effect of continued nursing on postpartum breastfeeding within 6 months / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the effect of continued nursing on postpartum breastfeeding within 6 months. Methods Two hundred and twenty parturient women were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group using random digits table. The control group received breastfeeding knowledge education and nursing skills instruction. The observation group was given continued nursing and breastfeeding guidance . The two groups were compared in terms of breastfeeding rates at 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 months . Result The breastfeeding rates of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group at each time point ( all P < 0 . 05 ) . Conclusion According to reasons why the parturient women don′t breastfeed , they are given continued nursing and detailed solutions after discharge , to make them confident in breast feeding and improving breastfeeding rate within six months after delivery .

The clinical fibrinogen reference range of plasma established for normal parturient women in labor Hefei area / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To establish reference range of fibrinogen (FIB) for normal parturient women in labor in Hefei area and compare it with previous FIB reference .Methods FIB of plasma samples for normal parturient women in labor were determined by Sysmex CA7000 automated blood coagulation analyzer and supporting reagent .All the FIB results were statistically analyzed and the reference range of FIB for normal parturient women was established in our laboratory .Consistency checking was applied for the comparisonwithpreviousreferencefromNationalClinicalLaboratorySOP (2.00-4.00g/L)anddecidedbytheKappavalue.Re‐sults The single sample K‐S test showed that distribution of FIB results for samples was skewed (P=0 .001) .The present FIB reference(P2 .5 ~ P97 .5 ) investigated was 4 .15(2 .81 -5 .40 g/L) .Compared to the previous FIB reference ,after using present FIB reference interval the abnormal rate was reduced from 61 .36% (991/1 615) to 5 .02% (81/1 615) .Through the consistency test ,we figured out that Kappa=0 .015(<0 .40) ,U=2 .25 ,P<0 .05 and these two reference intervals were inconsistent in criteria jud‐ging .These results showed that two reference intervals had poor judgment standard of consistency ,the previous reference range was not suitable for normal parturient women in labor .Conclusion The previous FIB reference range was not suitable for normal partu‐rient women in labor and we should establish a new FIB reference range in order to improve the evaluation of the accuracy of the parturient women in labor individual risk .

Influence of peer education on sleep quality of elderly parturient women / 现代临床护理

Objective To study the effects of peer education on sleep quality in the elderly parturient women.Methods One hundred and twelve elderly parturient women were divided randomly into control and intervention groups,with 56 cases in each group. The patients in control group received routine health education,while the intervention group peer education besides routine health education for 8 weeks. The two groups were compared using Pittsburg sleep quality index(PSQI)and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS).Results After intervention,the two groups were significantly developed in terms of the PSQI and SAS scores compared to post-intervention,respectively(P<0.05). In comparison of the two group,the PSQI and SAS scores in the intervention group were statistically significantly different(P<0.01).Conclusion Peer education can improve the sleep quality of the elderly parturient women and mental status.

Influence of psychological nursing intervention on delivery results of parturient women / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To know the influence of psychological intervention on delivery results of par-turient women, and then reference to certain effective psychological nursing cares for clinical field. Methods Divided 226 partreient women of spontaneous labor into the experimental group and the control group randomly, there were 113 eases in each group. Traditional routine nursing cares was used in the control group, psychological intervention was used in the experimental group in addition. Compared the condi-tion of birth process and the incidence rate of labor-related complications between the two groups. Re-sults There were significant differences between the two groups about all the indexes which had indicated the delivery. Conclusions Correct psychoanalysis and proper nursing intervention and effective release the pains for parturient women, and then decrease the incidence rate of medical negligence.