Evaluation of Passive Films on 17-7PH and 410 Stainless Steel Exposed to NaCl Solution.

This work covers the formation of a passive state for two different alloys used in the aeronautical industry. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of passivation treatments on 17-7PH and 410 SS (stainless steel) samples, specifically when performed with citric and nitric acid solutions at 49 °C using an immersion time of 90 min and subsequent exposure in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Employing the cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) technique, the corrosion properties of the passivated material were evaluated according to the ASTM G65-11 standard. A microstructural analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The passivated layer was characterized via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the results, the CPP curves showed positive hysteresis, indicating pitting localized corrosion, and 17-7PH steel passivated at 49 °C for 90 min in citric acid exhibited lower corrosion rate values equivalent to ×10-3 mm/year.

Elucidating Black α-CsPbI3 Perovskite Stabilization via PPD Bication-Conjugated Molecule Surface Passivation: Ab Initio Simulations.

The cubic α-CsPbI3 phase stands out as one of the most promising perovskite compounds for solar cell applications due to its suitable electronic band gap of 1.7 eV. However, it exhibits structural instability under operational conditions, often transforming into the hexagonal non-perovskite δ-CsPbI3 phase, which is unsuitable for solar cell applications because of the large band gap (e.g., ∼2.9 eV). Thus, there is growing interest in identifying possible mechanisms for increasing the stability of the cubic α-CsPbI3 phase. Here, we report a theoretical investigation, based on density functional theory calculations, of the surface passivation of the α-, γ-, and δ-CsPbI3(100) surfaces using the C6H4(NH3)2 [p-phenylenediamine (PPD)] and Cs species as passivation agents. Our calculations and analyses corroborate recent experimental findings, showing that PPD passivation effectively stabilizes the cubic α-CsPbI3 perovskite against the cubic-to-hexagonal phase transition. The PPD molecule exhibits covalent-dominating bonds with the substrate, which makes it more resistant to distortion than the ionic bonds dominant in perovskite bulks. By contrasting these results with the natural Cs passivation, we highlight the superior stability of the PPD passivation, as evidenced by the negative surface formation energies, unlike the positive values observed for the Cs passivation. This disparity is due to the covalent characteristics of the molecule/surface interaction of PPD, as opposed to the purely ionic interaction seen with the Cs passivation. Notably, the PPD passivation maintains the optoelectronic properties of the perovskites because the electronic states derived from the PPD molecules are localized far from the band gap region, which is crucial for optoelectronic applications.

On brutal gestures: trauma, destruction, and forms of mental illness.

The Bohemian writer Milan Kundera narrates, more than once, an experience from his years of life under an authoritarian regime. It is the memory of a violent fantasy of rape, one in which libido and destruction are mingled. Based on this memory and how he wrote about it, we present two forms of mental illnesses (by activation and by passivation) and relate them to the model proposed by Green to think about depressive states through passivation. The first form of mental illness, by activation, is the result of an overly successful active defense against anxiety. The second form, by passivation, is a paradoxical reaction to agony in the face of deadly psychic states. Arguing that this second form of mental illness is frequently identified in individuals during periods of political change, we consider that the intricacy between the drives of destruction and the libido, even when it generates fantasies or brutal gestures, can reveal itself as an episodic attempt of an active defense amid the predominance of passivation generated by post-traumatic helplessness.

Carbon dots-based nanomaterials for fluorescent sensing of toxic elements in environmental samples: Strategies for enhanced performance.

Rapid industrialization and manufacturing expansion have caused heavy metal pollution, which is a critical environmental issue faced by global population. In addition, the disadvantages presented by conventional detection methods such as the requirement of sophisticated instruments and qualified personnel have led to the development of novel nanosensors. Recently, carbon dots (CDs) have been presented as a multifunctional nanomaterial alternative for the accurate detection of heavy metal ions in water systems. The capacity of CDs to detect contaminants in wastewater -including heavy metals- can be found in the literature; however, to the best of our knowledge, none of them discusses the most recent strategies to enhance their performance. Therefore, in this review, beyond presenting successful examples of the use of CDs for the detection of metal ions, we further discuss the strategies to enhance their photoluminescence properties and their performance for environmental monitoring. In this manner, strategies such as heteroatom-doping and surface passivation are reviewed in detail, as well as describing the mechanisms and the effect of precursors and synthesis methods. Finally, the current challenges are described in detail to propose some recommendations for further research.

In Situ Ethanolamine ZnO Nanoparticle Passivation for Perovskite Interface Stability and Highly Efficient Solar Cells.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has interesting optoelectronic properties, but suffers from chemical instability when in contact with perovskite interfaces; hence, the perovskite deposited on the top degrades promptly. Surface passivation strategies alleviate this instability issue; however, synthesis to passivate ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) in situ has received less attention. Here, a new synthesis at low temperatures with an ethanolamine post treatment has been developed. By using ZnO NPs prepared with ethanolamine and butanol (BuOH), (E-ZnO), the stability of the FA0.9Cs0.1PbI3 (FACsPI)−ZnO interface was achieved, with a photoconversion efficiency of >18%. Impedance spectroscopy demonstrates that the recombination at the interface was reduced in the system with E-ZnO/perovskite compared to common SnO2/perovskite and that the quality of the perovskite on the top is clearly due to the ZnO in situ passivation with ethanolamine. This work extends the use of E-ZnO as an n-type charge extraction layer and demonstrates its feasibility with methylammonium perovskite. Moreover, this study paves the way for other in situ passivation methods with different target molecules, along with new insights regarding the perovskite interface rearrangement when in contact with the modified electron transport layer (ETL).

Sobre os gestos brutais: o trauma, a destruição e as formas de adoecimento psíquico / On brutal gestures: trauma, destruction, and forms of psychic illness / Sobre los gestos brutales: el trauma, la destrucción y las formas de enfermedad psíquica / Sur les gestes brutaux: traumatisme, destruction et formes de maladie psychique

Com base em uma experiência narrada por Milan Kundera, procuramos apresentar duas formas de adoecimento psíquico (por ativação e por passivação), e relacioná-las ao modelo proposto por Green para pensar os estados depressivos por passivação. Consideramos que a intrincação entre as pulsões de destruição e a libido, mesmo quando geradora de fantasias ou gestos brutais, pode revelar-se como tentativa episódica de defesa ativa em meio à predominância da passivação gerada pelo desamparo pós-traumático.

From an experience narrated by Milan Kundera, we try to present two forms of psychic illness (by activation and by passivation) and relate them to the model proposed by Green to think a depressive state due to passivation. We believe that the intricacy between the drives of destruction and the libido, even when it generates brutal fantasies or gestures, may prove to be an episodic attempt of active defense amid the predominance of passivation generated by posttraumatic helplessness.

A partir de una experiencia narrada por Milan Kundera, procuramos presentar dos formas de adicción psíquica (por activación y por pasivación), y relacionarlas al modelo propuesto por Green para pensar los estados depresivos por pasivación. Consideramos que la intrincación entre las pulsiones de destrucción y la libido, aun cuando generadora de fantasías o gestos brutales, puede revelarse como tentativa episódica de defensa activa en medio de la predominancia de la pasivación generada por el desamparo post-traumático.

À partir d'une expérience racontée par Milan Kundera, nous essayons de présenter deux formes de maladie psychique (par activation et par passivation) et de les relier au modèle proposé par Green pour penser à un état dépressif dû à la passivation. Nous pensons que la intrication des pulsions de destruction et de la libido, même si elle engendre des fantasmes ou des gestes brutaux, peut s'avérer être une tentative épisodique de défense active dans la prédominance de la passivation générée par le état de détresse post-traumatique.

O coração gelado: estratégias de sobrevivência psíquica a traumatismos severos / The frozen heart: psychic survival strategies against severe trauma / El corazón congelado: estrategias de supervivencia psíquica frente a los traumatismos severos / Le coeur gelé: stratégies de survie psychique contre les traumatismes graves

O presente artigo visa apresentar a ideia de congelamento como metáfora para a insensibilidade e a anestesia diante de "traumatismos precoces", no contexto da clínica da clivagem, de adoecimentos por "apassivação" e "patologias narcísico-identitárias". Para discutir o tema, é relatado brevemente o caso de uma paciente, aqui chamada Cecília, descrevendo seu adoecimento e defesas ativadas e destacando a "neutralização energética" diante de uma situação de desamparo extremo vivenciado na primeira infância. A aqui denominada clínica da cisão e dos adoecimentos por apassivação tem convocado os analistas a refletir acerca de outras estratégias terapêuticas, de modo que acompanhe não apenas as partes amortecidas, mas também os recursos egoicos de cada paciente.

The present article proposes the presentation of the idea of freezing as a metaphor for insensitivity and anesthesia against early trauma, understanding it within the context of a clinic of cleavage, deterioration due to apassivation and narcissistic pathologies. As an illustration, we present the report of a case of a patient, here called Cecília, describing her illness and activated defenses, highlighting the "energetic neutralization" of Roussillon, facing a situation of extreme helplessness experienced in early childhood. Faced to what we call the scission clinic and the illnesses by apassivation, we are called to reflect on the necessary therapeutic strategies that accompany not only the cushioned parts but also the egoic resources of the patient.

El presente artículo propone la presentación de la idea de congelación como metáfora de la insensibilidad y la anestesia contra el traumatismo temprano, entendiéndola en el contexto de una clínica de escisión, deterioro por apassivación y patologías narcisistas. A modo de ejemplo, presentamos el relato de un caso de una paciente, aquí llamada Cecília, describiendo su enfermedad y las defensas activadas, destacando la "neutralización energética" del Roussillon, frente a una situación de extrema indefensión experimentada en la primera infancia. Frente a lo que llamamos la clínica de la cisión y las enfermedades por apassivación, estamos llamados a reflexionar sobre las estrategias terapéuticas necesarias que acompañan no sólo las partes amortiguadas sino también los recursos egoicos del paciente.

Cet article est de proposer la présentation de l'idée de gel comme une métaphore de l'insensibilité et l'anesthésie avant au début du traumatisme, le comprendre dans le contexte d'un clivage clinique des maladies par passivation et pathologies narcissiques identité.Comme illustration, nous présentons le rapport de cas d'un patient ici nommé Cecília, décrivant sa maladie et les défenses ont permis, en vedette dans la "neutralisation de l'énergie" du Roussillon, par rapport à une situation extrême d'impuissance vécu dans la première enfance. Transférer à ce que nous nommons que la répartition et les maladies cliniques par passivation, nous sommes appelés à réfléchir sur les stratégies thérapeutiques nécessaires qui accompagnent non seulement les parties, mais aussi les amorties caractéristiques egoic du patient.

Improving the Optoelectronic Properties of Mesoporous TiO2 by Cobalt Doping for High-Performance Hysteresis-free Perovskite Solar Cells.

We for the first time report the incorporation of cobalt into a mesoporous TiO2 electrode for application in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The Co-doped PSC exhibits excellent optoelectronic properties; we explain the improvements by passivation of electronic trap or sub-band-gap states arising due to the oxygen vacancies in pristine TiO2, enabling faster electron transport and collection. A simple postannealing treatment is used to prepare the cobalt-doped mesoporous electrode; UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, space charge-limited current, photoluminescence, and electrochemical impedance measurements confirm the incorporation of cobalt, enhanced conductivity, and the passivation effect induced in the TiO2. An optimized doping concentration of 0.3 mol % results in the maximum power conversion efficiency of 18.16%, 21.7% higher than that of a similar cell with an undoped TiO2 electrode. Also, the device shows negligible hysteresis and higher stability, retaining 80.54% of the initial efficiency after 200 h.

Os fundamentos da tortura, uma fusão de violência e de sexualidade / The fundamentals of torture: a fusion between violence and sexuality / Los fundamentos de la tortura, una fusión de violencia y sexualidad / Au fondement de la torture, une fusion de violence et de sexualité

É sempre, a posteriori, na situação de atendimento prestado à vítima, que se desvenda a dimensão sexual das agressões introduzidas na tortura. No caso de Tito de Alencar, que aqui revisitamos, os tratamentos que ele recebeu durante seu exílio na França revelaram o grau de dominação sexual ao qual o delegado Fleury o submeteu. Sem dúvida, a sexualidade, como demonstrou Freud, acompanha sempre a violência, sendo um ingrediente natural desta última, mas o ato de tortura sobredetermina essa relação. O próprio torturador não escapa desse processo. É sob seu efeito que sua conduta destrutiva se radicaliza. Ele rompe, dessa forma, com o fundamento do "estar junto", que condiciona a instauração do humano, e reduz sua vítima ao status de sub-homem.(AU)

When it comes to provide care to a victim of torture, it always takes a while to figure out the sexual aspect of the agressions (i.e., the sexual aspect is always unveiled a posteriori). In this paper, we revisit Tito de Alencar case. While Tito Alencar was exiled in France, he received therapeutic treatments in which it was revealed the level of sexual domination that sheriff Fleury imposed to him. As Freud demonstrated, there is no doubt that sexuality and violence always come together. Sexuality is a natural ingredient of violence, but the act of torturing overdetermines this relation. The torturer himself - or herself - does not stay out of this process. The torturer's destructive behavior becomes radical under this effect. Thus, he breaks with the aspect of "being together", which conditions the formation of the human subject, and relegates the victim to a subhuman status.(AU)

Es siempre a posteriori, cuando se le presta asistencia a la víctima, que se desvenda la dimensión sexual de las agresiones utilizadas en la tortura. En el caso de Tito de Alencar, revisitado en este texto, los tratamientos que recibió durante su exilio en Francia revelaron el grado de dominación sexual al cual el comisario Fleury lo había sometido. La sexualidad, como demostró Freud, acompaña siempre a la violencia siendo un ingrediente natural de ésta última; pero el acto de tortura sobredetermina esa relación. El propio torturador no escapa de ese proceso. Sobre su efecto, su conducta destructiva se hace radical. Rompe con el fundamento de "estar con" que condiciona la instauración de lo humano, reduciendo su víctima al estatus de sub-hombre.(AU)

C'est toujours après coup dans la situation soignante accordée à la victime que se dévoile la dimension sexuelle des sévices engagés dans la torture. Dans le cas de Tito de Alencar qu'on revisite ici, les soins qu'il reçut pendant son exil en France révélèrent le degré d'assujettissement sexuel auquel le commissaire Fleury le soumit. Certes la sexualité ainsi que le montra Freud accompagne toujours la violence elle en est un ingrédient naturel mais l'acte tortionnaire surdéterminé ce rapport. Le tortionnaire lui même n'y échappe pas, c'est sous son effet que sa conduite destructrice se radicalise. Il rompt ainsi le fondement de l'être ensemble qui conditionne l'instauration de l'humain et réduit sa victime au statut de sous homme.(AU)

Os fundamentos da tortura, uma fusão de violência e de sexualidade / The fundamentals of torture: a fusion between violence and sexuality / Los fundamentos de la tortura, una fusión de violencia y sexualidad / Au fondement de la torture, une fusion de violence et de sexualité

É sempre, a posteriori, na situação de atendimento prestado à vítima, que se desvenda a dimensão sexual das agressões introduzidas na tortura. No caso de Tito de Alencar, que aqui revisitamos, os tratamentos que ele recebeu durante seu exílio na França revelaram o grau de dominação sexual ao qual o delegado Fleury o submeteu. Sem dúvida, a sexualidade, como demonstrou Freud, acompanha sempre a violência, sendo um ingrediente natural desta última, mas o ato de tortura sobredetermina essa relação. O próprio torturador não escapa desse processo. É sob seu efeito que sua conduta destrutiva se radicaliza. Ele rompe, dessa forma, com o fundamento do "estar junto", que condiciona a instauração do humano, e reduz sua vítima ao status de sub-homem...

When it comes to provide care to a victim of torture, it always takes a while to figure out the sexual aspect of the agressions (i.e., the sexual aspect is always unveiled a posteriori). In this paper, we revisit Tito de Alencar case. While Tito Alencar was exiled in France, he received therapeutic treatments in which it was revealed the level of sexual domination that sheriff Fleury imposed to him. As Freud demonstrated, there is no doubt that sexuality and violence always come together. Sexuality is a natural ingredient of violence, but the act of torturing overdetermines this relation. The torturer himself - or herself - does not stay out of this process. The torturer's destructive behavior becomes radical under this effect. Thus, he breaks with the aspect of "being together", which conditions the formation of the human subject, and relegates the victim to a subhuman status...

Es siempre a posteriori, cuando se le presta asistencia a la víctima, que se desvenda la dimensión sexual de las agresiones utilizadas en la tortura. En el caso de Tito de Alencar, revisitado en este texto, los tratamientos que recibió durante su exilio en Francia revelaron el grado de dominación sexual al cual el comisario Fleury lo había sometido. La sexualidad, como demostró Freud, acompaña siempre a la violencia siendo un ingrediente natural de ésta última; pero el acto de tortura sobredetermina esa relación. El propio torturador no escapa de ese proceso. Sobre su efecto, su conducta destructiva se hace radical. Rompe con el fundamento de "estar con" que condiciona la instauración de lo humano, reduciendo su víctima al estatus de sub-hombre...

C'est toujours après coup dans la situation soignante accordée à la victime que se dévoile la dimension sexuelle des sévices engagés dans la torture. Dans le cas de Tito de Alencar qu'on revisite ici, les soins qu'il reçut pendant son exil en France révélèrent le degré d'assujettissement sexuel auquel le commissaire Fleury le soumit. Certes la sexualité ainsi que le montra Freud accompagne toujours la violence elle en est un ingrédient naturel mais l'acte tortionnaire surdéterminé ce rapport. Le tortionnaire lui même n'y échappe pas, c'est sous son effet que sa conduite destructrice se radicalise. Il rompt ainsi le fondement de l'être ensemble qui conditionne l'instauration de l'humain et réduit sa victime au statut de sous homme...