Cross-sectional study of hepatitis B virus infection in female breast cancer patients in China for the first time diagnosed.

BACKGROUND: The correlation between breast cancer and hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains inconclusive. This study aims to explore the serological status of HBV infection and past infection in different age groups of female breast cancer patients, patients with benign breast diseases, and individuals undergoing routine physical examinations. METHODS: Serum data on HBV serological markers were collected and analyzed from 6072 female breast cancer patients first diagnosed from September 2012 to July 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, along with 4019 women with benign breast diseases and 54,740 healthy females undergoing routine physical examinations in the same period. The data were stratified by age for comparison between groups. RESULTS: The prevalence of HBV infection and past infection in the breast cancer group (7.9%, 55.1%) was higher than that in the benign breast disease group (6.5%, 39.1%) and the healthy females group(5.0%, 17.6%);the rate of only HBV surface antibody positivity (HBsAb ( +)) in the breast cancer group (10.3%) was lower than that in the benign breast disease group (26.9%) and the healthy females group (49.2%), with significant differences between the three groups (p < 0.05). Stratified by age, the prevalence of HBV infection in the breast cancer group (8%, 8.9%) and benign breast disease group (7.75%, 8.1%)was higher than that in the healthy females group (4.5%, 6.3%) in the 30-39 and 40-49 age group, respectively. The past infection rate of HBV in the breast cancer group (24.8%, 45.0%) was higher than that in the benign breast disease group (16.1%, 35.4%) in the ≤ 29 and 30-39 age group, respectively.. The past infection rate of HBV in the breast cancer group was higher than that in the healthy females group in all age groups, while the rate of only HBsAb ( +) in the breast cancer group was lower than that in the benign breast disease group and the routine physical examination group in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer women and women with benign breast diseases have higher rates of hepatitis B virus infection and previous infections, with more significant differences among middle-aged women. Breast cancer women and women with benign breast diseases have lower rates of only HBsAb ( +) for HBV.

A Late Pleistocene coastal ecosystem in French Guiana was hyperdiverse relative to today.

Warmer temperatures and higher sea level than today characterized the Last Interglacial interval [Pleistocene, 128 to 116 thousand years ago (ka)]. This period is a remarkable deep-time analog for temperature and sea-level conditions as projected for 2100 AD, yet there has been no evidence of fossil assemblages in the equatorial Atlantic. Here, we report foraminifer, metazoan (mollusks, bony fish, bryozoans, decapods, and sharks among others), and plant communities of coastal tropical marine and mangrove affinities, dating precisely from a ca. 130 to 115 ka time interval near the Equator, at Kourou, in French Guiana. These communities include ca. 230 recent species, some being endangered today and/or first recorded as fossils. The hyperdiverse Kourou mollusk assemblage suggests stronger affinities between Guianese and Caribbean coastal waters by the Last Interglacial than today, questioning the structuring role of the Amazon Plume on tropical Western Atlantic communities at the time. Grassland-dominated pollen, phytoliths, and charcoals from younger deposits in the same sections attest to a marine retreat and dryer conditions during the onset of the last glacial (ca. 110 to 50 ka), with a savanna-dominated landscape and episodes of fire. Charcoals from the last millennia suggest human presence in a mosaic of modern-like continental habitats. Our results provide key information about the ecology and biogeography of pristine Pleistocene tropical coastal ecosystems, especially relevant regarding the-widely anthropogenic-ongoing global warming.

Birthmarks and birth defects in the head and neck region and claims of past-life memories: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review compiles published information on subjects with head or neck birth defects or birthmarks in which past-life memories were alleged. DATA SOURCES: Electronic searches were done in April 2022 in the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. STUDY SELECTION: References of the included studies and the gray literature were searched. Our sample included six studies reporting 19 cases of birthmarks and birth defects in the head and neck region with alleged past-life memories. DATA EXTRACTION: The features of the lesions varied, and their size ranged between 0.5 to 12 cm. All the cases had interviews with the family of the deceased person and the family of the child with the birthmarks, and nine of them included some type of verified official report. DATA SYNTHESIS: The strength of the evidence in the cases was analyzed using the strength-of-evidence scale. CONCLUSION: This study showed that birthmarks and birth defects in the head and neck region occurred mostly in male children, with the possibility of these marks being caused by the fatal injury of the alleged personality. The literature lacks new cases with high strength of evidence, emphasizing the need for further primary studies.

Journeying to the past: time travel and mental time travel, how far apart?

Spatial models dominated memory research throughout much of the twentieth century, but in recent decades, the concept of memory as a form of mental time travel (MTT) to the past has gained prominence. Initially introduced as a metaphor, the MTT perspective shifted the focus from internal memory processes to the subjective conscious experience of remembering. Despite its significant impact on empirical and theoretical memory research, there has been limited discussion regarding the meaning and adequacy of the MTT metaphor in accounting for memory. While in previous work I have addressed the general limitations of the MTT metaphor in explaining memory, the objective of this article is more focused and modest: to gain a better understanding of what constitutes MTT to the past. To achieve this objective, a detailed analysis of the characteristics of MTT to the past is presented through a comparison with time travel (TT) to the past. Although acknowledging that TT does not refer to an existing physical phenomenon, it is an older concept extensively discussed in the philosophical literature and provides commonly accepted grounds, particularly within orthodox theories of time, that can offer insights into the nature of MTT. Six specific characteristics serve as points of comparison: (1) a destination distinct from the present, (2) the distinction between subjective time and objective time, (3) the subjective experience of the time traveler, (4) their differentiation from the past self, (5) the existence of the past, and (6) its unchangeability. Through this research, a detailed exploration of the phenomenal and metaphysical aspects of MTT to the past is undertaken, shedding light on the distinct features that mental time travel to the past acquires when it occurs within the realm of the mind rather than as a physical phenomenon. By examining these characteristics, a deeper understanding of the nature of mental time travel is achieved, offering insights into how it operates in relation to memory and the past.

A história pregressa da criança e o processo de revelação da adoção, na perspectiva de pais adotivos / The child's history past and the adoption revelation process, from the perspective of adoptive parents / La historia pasada del niño y el proceso de revelación de la adopción, desde la perspectiva de los padres adoptivos

O presente artigo teve como objetivo compreender a história pregressa da criança e o processo de revelação da adoção na perspectiva de pais adotivos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, que utilizou como método o estudo de caso. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com duas mães e um pai adotivos. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise do conteúdo de Minayo. Observou-se que as histórias das crianças e/ou o acesso dos pais a essas, mostraram-se com questões muito particulares, mediante a disponibilidade dos órgãos de proteção em passar informações sobre esse passado. A maioria dos pais demonstrou interesse em revelar a adoção, entretanto, a questão apareceu vinculada a insegurança, posto que, além de não terem tido acesso a informações sobre a história pregressa de seus filhos, os pais demonstraram dificuldades em lidar com o passado da criança, dados que revelam a importância do psicólogo para auxiliar adotantes na elaboração de conteúdos vinculados a experiência adotiva, dentre eles, suas próprias angustias vinculadas ao medo de perder seu filho, em virtude da camuflagem: família biológica x família adotiva.

This article aimed to understand the child's past history and the process of revelation of adoption from the perspective of adoptive parents. It is a research field qualitative, descriptive and exploratory, which used the case study as a method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two adoptive mothers and fathers. The results were analyzed through of the analysis of the content of Minayo. It was observed that the children's stories and/or the parents' access to them, showed themselves with very particular issues, due to the availability of the protection organs, associated with the cases, to pass on information about this past. Most parents showed interest in revealing the adoption, however, the issue was linked to insecurity, since, in addition to not having access to information about their children's previous story, parents showed difficulties in dealing with the child's past, data that reveal the importance of the psychologist to assist adopters in the elaboration of contents linked to the adoptive experience, among them, yours anxieties linked to the fear of losing their child, due to the camouflage: biological family x adoptive family.

Buscamos entender cómo los padres adoptivos significan la historia pasada de los niños y su revelación. Se trata de una investigación de campo cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria, que utilizó el estudio de caso como método. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con dos madres y padres adoptivos. Los datos fueron analizados a la luz del análisis del contenido de Minayo. Se observó que las historias de los niños y/o el acceso de los padres a ellas, se mostraron con problemáticas muy particulares, debido a la disponibilidad de los órganos de protección, asociados a los casos, para transmitir información sobre este pasado. La mayoría de los padres mostraron interés en revelar la adopción, sin embargo, el problema parecía estar relacionado con la inseguridad, ya que, además de no tener acceso a información sobre la historia pasada de sus hijos, los padres demostraron dificultades para lidiar con el pasado del niño, datos que revelan la importancia del psicólogo para ayudar a los adoptantes en la elaboración de contenidos vinculados a la experiencia adoptiva, entre ellos, sus propias ansiedades ligadas al miedo a perder a su hijo, debido al camuflaje: familia biológica x familia adoptiva.

Association Between Self-Reported Health and Education with Past-year Dental Visits among Older Mexican Adults: Results of the Mexican Health and Aging Study 2018.

PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between of self-reported health (SRH) and educational attainment with pastyear dental visits in older adults in México. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, data were derived from the Mexican Health and Aging Study 2018 (MHAS-2018), which used a nationally-representative sample of older adults (50 years or older) in Mexico (n = 14,085). Variables taken from the MHAS questionnaire included residence (rural/urban), years of education, SRH, multimorbidity, pain severity, and past-year dental visits. A logistic regression model was used to identify the association between the variables and past-year dental visits. RESULTS: While the percentage of past-year dental visits reported was 39.8%, this number declined with age [OR=0.76, p < 0.001], with older adults living in rural areas 34% less likely to report past-year dental visits than older adults living in urban areas. Older adults with no formal education were 73% less likely (OR=0.27; p < 0.001) to report past-year dental visits than older adults ≥10 years education. Older adults with poor SRH were 32% less likely (OR=0.68; p < 0.001) to report past-year dental visits than older adults with good/very good/excellent SRH. Sex, degree of multimorbidity, and pain level ([OR=1.37; p < 0.001] [OR=1.37; p < 0.001] and [OR=1.17; p < 0.001]) were all found to be positively associated with past-year dental visits in the study population. CONCLUSION: The present study highlights the association between poor SRH, a low level of educational attainment, and less frequent past-year dental visits, as well as the finding that past-year dental visits declined with age in the older adults sampled.

Neuropsychiatric and sleep study in autosomal dominant dopa-responsive dystonia.

Introduction: Although the diurnal fluctuation of motor dysfunction, reversible with small doses of dopamine, is a cornerstone for the phenotype of the autosomal dominant Segawa syndrome, the non-motor symptoms of this neurotransmitter deficiency have still received limited attention. Objective: This study aims to evaluate non-motor symptoms of this dopa-responsive dystonia through an intrafamilial comparative cross-sectional study. Methods: Seventeen individuals with a c.IVS5 + 3insT (c.626 + 3insT) variation in the GTP cyclohydrolase-1 gene (GCH1, HGNC: 4193) and 34 intrafamilial controls were studied using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Wiener Matrizen Test 2, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the MINI/MINI PLUS Questionnaires, the World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF Instrument and a drug use assessment questionnaire. Results: No significant difference was found between the groups in the prevalence of sleep disorders and in cognitive function. Nevertheless, generalized anxiety disorder (p = 0.050) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in childhood (p = 0.011) were observed only in individuals without the molecular variation. The group with the GCH1 variation presented a worse perception about how safe they feel in their daily lives (p = 0.034), less satisfaction with themselves (p = 0.049) and with their relationships (p = 0.029), and a higher prevalence of past major depressive episodes before use of L-Dopa (p = 0.046). Conclusion: Low dopamine could have been protective against generalized anxiety disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in childhood in Segawa group individuals. The prevalence of depression was higher in individuals with the molecular variant prior to the L-Dopa treatment. Considering it, the penetrance estimates for the variant carriers increased from 58.8% to up to 88% in this large studied family. Additionally, neuropsychiatric tests of all individuals with a molecular diagnosis in an affected family are a valuable instrument for its clinical management.

Multiple drivers influence tree species diversity and above-ground carbon stock in second-growth Atlantic forests: Implications for passive restoration.

Second-growth forests (SGF) are critical components for limiting biodiversity loss and climate change mitigation. However, these forests were established after anthropic disturbances such as land use for planting, and in highly human-modified landscapes. These interventions can decrease the ability of biological communities to recover naturally, and it is necessary to understand how multiple drivers, from local scale to landscape scale influence the diversity and carbon stock of these forests in natural regeneration. For this, we used data from 37 SGF growing on areas previously used for eucalyptus plantations in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, after the last cut cycle. For each SGF, the forest tree species diversity was calculated based on the Hills number, and we also calculated the above-ground carbon stock. Then, we evaluated the influence of multiple environmental factors on these indexes: soil properties, past-management intensity, patch configuration, and landscape composition. Little influence of soil properties was found, only soil fertility negatively influenced above-ground carbon stock. However, past-management intensity negatively influenced tree species diversity and carbon stock. The isolation of other forests and tree species propagules source distance (>500 ha) also negatively influenced the diversity of species. This is probably due to the favoring of tree pioneer species in highly human-modified landscapes because they are more tolerant of environmental changes, less dependent on animal dispersal, and have low carbon stock capacity. Thus, areas with higher past-management intensity and more isolated areas are less effective for passive restoration and may require intervention to recover tree diversity and carbon stock in the Atlantic Forest. The approach, which had not yet been applied in the Atlantic Forest, brought similar results to that found in other forests, and serves as a theoretical basis for choosing priority areas for passive restoration in the biome.

La juventud y el pasado reciente de chile: la (des)politización como política de memoria cotidiana / A juventude e o passado recente do chile: (des) politização como política da memória cotidiana / Youth and recent past of chile: the (de)politicization as a policy of everyday memory

Resumen: Las políticas de memoria han sido estudiadas desde las ciencias sociales principalmente en ámbitos institucionales, siendo escaso su abordaje desde la cotidianidad. Este artículo contribuye a ello presentando resultados de una investigación que buscó comprender la construcción de memorias del pasado reciente de Chile (1970-1990) y sus efectos políticos desde la cotidianidad de jóvenes. Se realizaron entrevistas a 33 jóvenes de diferentes niveles socioeconómicos, posiciones ideológicas y vínculos en relación al conflicto de represión política vivido durante la dictadura militar. Desde el material analizado discursivamente, se evidencia que, para las/os jóvenes, las conversaciones familiares son espacios fundamentales para hacer memoria, donde su posición es considerada como una voz poco legítima para recordar un pasado no vivido directamente. Asimismo, los recuerdos que configuran se caracterizan por su carácter fragmentario y su vínculo con la cotidianidad. Se concluye que si bien lo anterior ha implicado despolitizar la memoria, potencialmente ha instalado también su politización.

Resumo: As políticas da memória têm sido estudadas apartir das ciências sociais principalmente em ambientes institucionais, mas, a sua abordagem na vida cotidiana é escassa. Este artigo contribui para isso, ao apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa que procurou compreender a construção das memórias do passado recente do Chile e os seus efeitos políticos a partir do cotidiano dos jovens. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 33 jovens de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos, posições ideológicas e vínculos em relação ao conflito de repressão política experimentado na ditadura militar. A partir do material analisado discursivamente, fica evidente que, para os jovens, as converções com os familiares são espaços fundamentais para fazer memória, onde a sua posição é mediada por ser considerada uma voz pouco legítima para relembrar um passado não experimentado diretamente. Da mesma forma, as memórias que constituem são caracterizadas pela fragmentação e pela ligação com o quotidiano. Conclui-se que embora o acima tenha implicado em despolitizar a memória, potencialmente também instala a sua politização.

Abstract: Memory politics have been studied from the social sciences mainly in institutional environments, but their approach in everyday life perspective is scarce. This article contributes to this perspective by presenting the results of a study that sought to understand the construction of memories of Chile's recent past (1970-1990) and its political effects from the daily lives of young people. Interviews were carried out with 33 young people selected from different socioeconomic levels, ideological positions and ties in relation to the conflict of political repression experienced during the military dictatorship. From the discursively analyzed material, it is evident that, for young people, conversations with family members are fundamental spaces for making memory, where their position is mediated by being considered not a legitimate voice to remember a past not directly experienced by them. In the same way, the memories built by young people are characterized by fragmentation and connection with everyday life. It is concluded that although the above has implied in depoliticizing memory, it also potentially installs its politicization.

¿Memoria oficial o literatura testimonial? El libro "Comuna 13 de Medellín, El Drama del Conflicto Armado" del policía Yoni Alexander Rendón Rendón / Is it Official Memory or Testimonial Literature? The book "Comuna 13 de Medellín. El Drama del Conflicto Armado" by the policeman Yoni Alexander Rendón Rendón

Resumen: El artículo analiza el libro "Comuna 13 de Medellín. El Drama del Conflicto Armado" publicado por Yoni Alexander Rendón Rendón, en 2007 cuando el autor era patrullero de la Policía Nacional, en una las zonas más violentas de Colombia: los barrios populares de Medellín. El libro se analizó en sus dimensiones textuales y extratextuales lo que permitió clasificarlo en el género testimonial y en algunos de los universos discursivos sobre el conflicto urbano, lo que explica su inserción exitosa en las disputas sobre la verdad de lo ocurrido en la Comuna 13 en octubre de 2002 en la operación Orión.

Abstract The article analyzes the book "Comuna 13 de Medellín. El Drama del Conflicto Armado" published by Yoni Alexander Rendón Rendón Rendón, in 2007 when the author was a patrolman of the National Police, in one of the most violent areas of Colombia: the popular neighborhoods of Medellín. The book was analyzed in its textual and extratextual dimensions, which allowed it to be classified in the testimonial genre and in some of the discursive universes on the urban conflict, which explains its successful insertion in the disputes about the truth of what happened in Comuna 13 in October 2002 in the Orion Operation.

The theory and craft of digital preservation: comentários sobre os 16 axiomas de preservação digital / The theory and craft of digital preservation: comments on the 16 axioms on digital preservation / La teoría y el oficio de la preservación digital: comentarios sobre los 16 axiomas sobre preservación digital

O livro do Trevor Owens expõe uma importante visão sobre a preservação digital contemporânea onde ele discute abordagens teóricas e práticas e apresenta-os com conceitos e conexões inovadores. Este resumo discute 10 dos 16 axiomas que são lançados como o ponto de partido do livro. Estes axiomas são curtos, mas profundos em importância como pensamento base para a elaboração de programas de preservação digital.

Trevor Owens' book exposes important insights into contemporary digital preservation where he discusses theoretical and practical approaches and presents these with innovative concepts and connections. This summary discusses 10 of the 16 axioms that are launched as the starting point of this book. These axioms are short, but deep in importance as the basis for the development of digital preservation programs.

El libro de Trevor Owens expone una visión importante de la preservación digital contemporánea, donde analiza enfoques teóricos y prácticos y les presenta como conceptos y conexiones innovadores. Este resumen analiza 10 de los 16 axiomas que se lanzan como punto de partida del libro. Estos axiomas son cortos, pero de gran importancia como base para el desarrollo de programas de preservación digital.

Social inequalities, sexual tourism and HIV in Cartagena, Colombia: an ethnographic study.

BACKGROUND: Cartagena, Colombia's main port on the Caribbean Coast, reported an HIV incidence of 7.5 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2007 with 90.0% transmission by heterosexual contact and 70 identified as women with a stable partner. Studies across Colombia illustrate that HIV infection relates to social inequalities; most people with HIV live in poverty and have minimal access to health care, education, and secure jobs. The purpose of this article is to analyse the relationship between social inequalities, sexual tourism and HIV infection in Cartagena, Colombia. METHODS: Data come from a five-year participatory ethnography of HIV in Cartagena in the period 2004-2009, in which 96 citizens (30 of whom were living with HIV) participated in different data collection phases. Techniques included participant observation, in-depth interviews and thematic life histories. Out of this material, we selected three life histories of two women and a man living with HIV that are representative of the ways in which participants expressed how social inequalities make it virtually impossible to engage in safe sex practices. RESULTS: At stake is the exchange of condomless sex for goods within the widespread sexual tourism networks that promote an idealisation of dark-skinned men and women as better sexual performers. Our results illustrate the complex interplay of social inequalities based on class, skin colour, gender and sexual orientation. Furthermore, they suggest a synergistic effect between poverty, racialization, and gender inequalities in the historical maintenance of social dynamics for a fruitful growth of a sexual tourism industry that in turn increases vulnerability to HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS: Although the convergence of social inequalities has been thoroughly reported in the literature on social studies of HIV vulnerability; distinctive dynamics are occurring in Cartagena, including a clear link between the contemporary globalised sexual tourism industries and a racialised social structure - both having historical roots in the colonial past-.

El papel de los medios de comunicación en la fabricación de recuerdos, emociones y creencias sobre el enemigo que facilitan la polarización política y legitiman la violencia / The role of mass media in the fabrication of memories, emotions, and beliefs about the enemy, which make political polarization easy and legitimize violence

Resumen El presente artículo profundiza en la forma como los medios de comunicación tienen agencia en la construcción de creencias sociales, narrativas del pasado y orientaciones emocionales colectivas sobre el enemigo que agudizan la polarización política y legitiman las salidas armadas al conflicto social y político que existe en Colombia desde hace más de cinco décadas. En los resultados se evidencia un discurso lineal, hegemónico y homogéneo que está claramente inducido desde los medios de comunicación, según la voz de los participantes, que constituye un enemigo absoluto en las guerrillas, particularmente en las FARC, estigma que se extiende a manifestaciones políticas de izquierda o favorables a una solución política negociada del conflicto armado. De otro lado, un actor referido como poco conocido, confundido con las guerrillas o considerado un mal menor o legitimado, son los paramilitares y una narrativa del héroe que se sacrifica, nos cuida y nos protege, en las Fuerzas Militares, de quienes se minimizan sus acciones violatorias de los derechos humanos. Se concluye sobre la necesidad de poner en discusión el papel de los medios de comunicación masiva y las redes sociales, contrastando críticamente la información que ofrecen.

Abstract This article delves into how mass media have agency in building social beliefs, narratives of the past, and collective emotional orientations about the enemy, which sharpen political polarization and legitimize the armed exits to the social and political conflict, which has existed in Colombia for more than five decades. The results show a linear, hegemonic, and homogeneous discourse, which is induced clearly from the media, according to participants' voice, which constitutes an absolute enemy in guerrillas, particularly in the FARC, a stigma that extends to left-wing political demonstrations or to a pro-political settlement of the armed conflict. On the other hand, an actor referred to as little known, confused with guerrillas or considered a minor or legitimized evil, are the paramilitaries and a narrative of the hero who sacrifices, cares for us, and protects us, in the Military Forces, from those who minimize their violated human rights actions. It concludes on the need to discuss the role of mass media and social media, critically by contrasting the information they offer.

Memória, identidade e comensalidade: a feijoada da família portelense / Memory, identity and comensality: the feijoada of the portelense family

Analisa-se o agenciamento da memória coletiva e os processos de reconstrução e representação do passado de uma das principais escolas de samba do Rio de Janeiro –a Portela –por meio de um rito comensal: a feijoada da família portelense. Esta é promovida regularmente por representantes da ala de compositores dessa escola de samba. Examinam-se diversos aspectos que singularizam este evento de comensalidade: seu sistema culinário, seu modo de organização, seus conteúdos afetivos, os processos de identificação e de corporalidade lá produzidos. Os procedimentos de coletas de dados foram: revisão bibliográfica, entrevistas semiestruturadas e etnografia No que tange aos resultados, infere-se que o processo de construção da identidade portelense é uma marca social de distinção cujos principais esteios são: memória do passado da agremiação, considerado cheio de glórias e vitórias e o compartilhamento de práticas ditas tradicionais como rodas de sambas e feijoadas.

We analyze the agency of collective memory and the processes of reconstruction and representation of the past of one of Rio de Janeiro's main samba schools –Portela –through a commensal rite: the feijoada of the Portelense family. This rite is regularly promoted by representatives of the composers of the samba school. Several aspects that characterize this event of commensality are examined: its culinary system, its mode of organization, its affective contents, the processes of identification and corporality produced there. The procedures for data collection were: bibliographic review, semi-structured interviews and ethnography. Regarding the results, it is inferred that the process of the identity of being Portelense is a social mark of distinction whose main pillars are: memory of the past of the association, that is considered full of glory and victories, and the sharing of so-called traditional practices such as events with sambas and feijoadas.

Memória, identidade e comensalidade: a feijoada da família portelense / Memory, identity and comensality: the feijoada of the portelense family

Analisa-se o agenciamento da memória coletiva e os processos de reconstrução e representação do passado de uma das principais escolas de samba do Rio de Janeiro ­a Portela ­por meio de um rito comensal: a feijoada da família portelense. Esta é promovida regularmente por representantes da ala de compositores dessa escola de samba. Examinam-se diversos aspectos que singularizam este evento de comensalidade: seu sistema culinário, seu modo de organização, seus conteúdos afetivos, os processos de identificação e de corporalidade lá produzidos. Os procedimentos de coletas de dados foram: revisão bibliográfica, entrevistas semiestruturadas e etnografia. No que tange aos resultados, infere-se que o processo de construção da identidade portelense é uma marca social de distinção cujos principais esteios são: memória do passado da agremiação, considerado cheio de glórias e vitórias e o compartilhamento de práticas ditas tradicionais como rodas de sambas e feijoadas.

We analyze the agency of collective memory and the processes of reconstruction and representation of the past of one of Rio de Janeiro's main samba schools ­Portela ­through a commensal rite: the feijoada of the Portelense family. This rite is regularly promoted by representatives of the composers of the samba school. Several aspects that characterize this event of commensality are examined: its culinary system, its mode of organization, its affective contents, the processes of identification and corporality produced there. The procedures for data collection were: bibliographic review, semi-structured interviews and ethnography. Regarding the results, it is inferred that the process of the identity of being Portelense is a social mark of distinction whose main pillars are: memory of the past of the association, that is considered full of glory and victories, and the sharing of so-called traditional practices such as events with sambas and feijoadas.

Variables clave para una intervención eficaz en deshonestidad académica

El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es explorar la importancia de las emociones, positivas y negativas, y la conducta pasada en la intención de llevar a cabo conductas académicas deshonestas más allá de la explicación dada por la Teoría de la Conducta Planificada. Se utilizó una muestra final de 262 estudiantes de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 26 años. Los resultados mostraron que las variables añadidas aumentan de manera significativa la capacidad explicativa del modelo (ΔR² =22%). Esto, junto con la relación que presentan las variables con la intención conductual [emociones positivas (ß=.10), conducta pasada (ß=.51)], es lo que hace que estas variables adquieran relevancia explicativa en el modelo y nos dote de herramientas necesarias para intervenir y ayudar a mejorar la formación académica de nuestros jóvenes

The fundamental objective of this paper is to explore the importance of positive and negative emotions and past behaviour on the intention to engage in dishonest academic behaviour beyond the explanation given by the Theory of Planned Behaviour. We used a final sample of 262 students from the University of Santiago de Compostela, aged between 18 and 26 years. The results show that the variables added significantly increase the model's explanatory capacity (ΔR² = 22%). This, along with the relationship between the variables with behavioural intention [positive emotions (ß=.10), past behaviour (ß = .51)], is what allows these variables to acquire explanatory relevance in the model and provides us with the tools necessary to intervene in and help improve the academic training of our young people

Children's selective trust: When a group majority is confronted with past accuracy.

In two experiments, 3- to 5-year-old children were tested for their preferences when seeking and accepting information about novel animals. In Experiment 1, children watched as two adults named unfamiliar animals - one adult was predominantly accurate, whereas the other was predominantly inaccurate, as judged by a teacher. In a subsequent test phase, participants viewed additional unfamiliar animals and were invited to endorse one of two conflicting names. Either the predominantly accurate or the predominantly inaccurate adult proposed one name, whereas a majority of three unfamiliar adults proposed the other name. Children were more likely to endorse the predominantly accurate adult as compared to the majority but showed no significant preference for the predominantly inaccurate adult as compared to the majority. In Experiment 2, participants watched two adults correctly name three familiar animals, but only one named three additional unfamiliar animals whereas the other expressed uncertainty. On subsequent test trials, children preferred the apparently well-informed adult to the less-informed adult but, contrary to the results of Experiment 1, children preferred the information provided by a majority instead of the apparently well-informed adult. The implications of these results are discussed in the light of previous research on children's selective trust in an accurate informant as compared to a consensus. Statement of contribution What is already known on the subject? Young children monitor past accuracy and use this epistemic cue to decide whom to trust; Children are receptive to information coming from a consensus; Non-epistemic cues, such as familiarity and accent, also influence children's deference What does this study adds? Children favour a dissenter over a majority if the dissenter's past accuracy has been publicly highlighted. They favour a majority if a dissenter's past accuracy has not been publicly highlighted. A confident informant is preferred to a hesitant informant.

Genetic and morphometric comparison of two isolated populations of Barilius bendelisis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Indian Himalayas

Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton) inhabits cold water drainages of the Himalayan region, occurring near the stream banks. It is an important component of the diet of rural population of Uttarakhand and Jammu. Despite the aquaculture importance of B. bendelisis, no extensive molecular characterization from two geographically isolated rivers, Alaknanda and Chenab, has been conducted. In order to study those aspects, 567 samples of B. bendelisis were analysed and collected from these tributaries of two geographically isolated rivers between March of 2015 and April 2017. The morphometric data were analysed by means of truss analysis using tpsDig2 and PAST, whereas the genetic characterization was performed using the COI gene. In truss analysis 14 landmarks resulting in 90 measurements were studied from the digitized images of the sampled specimens. In total 23 measurements exhibited significant differences among the populations of B. bendelisis. The principal component analysis (PCA) generated seven components explaining- 93.15 % of total variance. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) revealed that 83.8 % of the specimens were classified into their original populations. Truss based morphometry and Maximum likelihood type of phylogenetic tree revealed heterogenicity between the two geographically isolated populations of B. bendelisis.

Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton) habita las aguas frías de de las riberas de los ríos del Himalaya. Es un componente importante de la dieta de la población rural de Uttarakhand y Jammu. A pesar de la importancia de B. bendelisis en la acuacultura, no se reportan caracterizaciones moleculares de los ríos geográficamente aislados, Alaknanda y Chenab. Para estudiar estos aspectos, analizamos 567 muestras de B. bendelisis que se recolectaron de los afluentes de estos dos ríos entre marzo 2015 y abril 2017. Analizamos los datos morfométricos por medio del análisis truss utilizando tpsDig2 y PAST y para la caracterización genética utilizamos el gen COI. En el análisis truss 14 puntos de referencia que resultaron en 90 medidas se analizaron de imágenes digitalizadas de especímenes muestreados. Un total de 23 medidas mostraron diferencias significativas entre las poblaciones de B. bendelisis. El análisis de componentes principales (PCA) generó siete componentes explicando el 93.15 % del total de la varianza. El análisis de función discriminante (DFA) reveló que el 83.8 % de los especímenes fue clasificado dentro de sus poblaciones originales. La morfometría basada en el análisis de truss y el árbol filogenético de máxima verosimilitud revelaron hetrogeneidad entre las dos poblaciones geográficamente aisladas de B. bendelisis.

Spondylolysis in the past: A case study of hunter-gatherers from Southern Patagonia.

Spondylolysis is a fracture of the pars interarticularis, the portion of the neural arch that lies between the superior articular facets and the inferior articular facets. Clinical evidence has suggested repetitive trauma to be the most probable cause, even though morphological weakness of the vertebra is probably also involved. Prevalence is between 3% and 8% in modern populations, while in archaeological samples it varies from 0% to 71.4%. Considering that very little data about this condition is available in past populations from the southern extreme of South America, the aim of this paper is to analyze the spondylolysis in a human skeletal sample from Southern Patagonia and, at the same time, to explore the prevalence of spondylolysis in archaeological contexts around the world to gain a better understanding of the results presented here. The Southern Patagonian skeletal series analyzed here showed a prevalence of 20%, with lower prevalence in the pre contact sample (11.1%) than in the contact period (23.1%). Skeletons from the Salesian Mission "Nuestra Señora de La Candelaria" showed a higher prevalence (25%) than the sample of skeletal remains recovered from outside the mission (20%), suggesting that changes in lifestyle of hunter-gatherers during contact could be implicated in the development of spondylolysis in this sample. A worldwide survey displays a wide range of prevalence figures in American and Asian samples and low diversity between African and European populations. Hunter-gatherers from Southern Patagonia showed similar values to those observed in other American samples.

Past and future regret and missed opportunities: an experimental approach on separate evaluation and different time frames.

Decisions often imply trade-offs that force people to accept missing an opportunity in the past or in the future. However, it is not fully clear whether a past miss or a future miss elicits more regret. In a direct comparison, previous research had found support for the greater impact of future misses. In an experimental study with 216 participants, we replicated and extended previous research by testing the strength of the future miss in a separate evaluation and with different periods. Results show that, when evaluated separately, future misses caused less regret than past misses. However, future misses made participants change their feelings of regret more intensely than past misses did. Also, regret levels did not decrease when future misses were further away. Our findings support the strength of future misses on regret but also show contrasting effects when evaluated separately.