ABSTRACT
Some studies have suggested an inflammatory role of the choroid plexus (CP) in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), but mainly in adult patients. We aimed to evaluate clinical and MRI parameters in patients with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS). We included 10 patients with POMS and 16 healthy controls (HC), evaluating clinical and neuroimaging variables (cerebral cortex, CP, deep gray matter structures, and demyelinating lesions). Most patients were girls (80%), with a mean age of 15.3 years. POMS individuals had a higher CP volume (p = 0.012) and lower thalamic volume (p = 0.038) compared to HC. This study shows an enlargement of the CP and lower thalamic volume in POMS patients compared to HC.
Subject(s)
Choroid Plexus , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Multiple Sclerosis , Humans , Female , Male , Choroid Plexus/diagnostic imaging , Choroid Plexus/pathology , Adolescent , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Multiple Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging , Multiple Sclerosis/pathology , Case-Control Studies , ChildABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and intelligence quotient scores (IQ). The sample included 11 patients with pediatric multiple sclerosis between 8 and 17 years, mean age 14.45 years (SD = 2.69). The BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children V and the Abbreviated Weschler Intelligence Scale were used to measure total IQ. Average sample BMI and IQ were 24.61 (SD = 5.53) (range: 19-39.4) and 86.63 (SD = 14.79) (range: 66-111), respectively. Results of the Pearson correlation indicated that there was a significant negative association between BMI and IQ, (r = -0.608, p = 0.042). R-squared was 0.370. We discuss if lower IQ lead to BMI gains or whether overweight/obesity lead to intellectual functioning changes. Implication for practice and future research are presented.
Subject(s)
Multiple Sclerosis , Child , Humans , Adolescent , Body Mass Index , Multiple Sclerosis/complications , Intelligence , Intelligence Tests , ObesityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) in 2% to 10% of cases occurs prior to 18 years of age. Early age onset appears to affect some aspects of multiple sclerosis. The objective of our study was to evaluate the prevalence, the clinical and demographic characteristics, and the disease progression in a sample of pediatric multiple sclerosis patients from a mixed population. METHODS: In a cross-sectional design, the prevalence, demographic characteristics, and initial clinical forms were compared between 75 cases of pediatric multiple sclerosis (PMS) and 689 adults with MS. Sixty-five PMS patients with complete data and 260 randomly selected adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were compared. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to compare the age at and time to Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 3, EDSS 6, and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). RESULTS: A total of 9.8% of all MS cases with available data were PMS. All cases of PMS consisted of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Brazilians of African descent comprised 34.6% of the sample, and the female-to-male ratio was 2.4:1. At the first attack, motor alterations were more common. Benign forms were more common in PMS (84.6% versus 62.2%). Fewer PMS patients reached EDSS 6 (11.6% versus 25.4%) (P = 0.0017) and SPMS (11.1% versus 28.1%) (P = 0.005). PMS patients took longer to reach EDSS 3 (P = 0.017), EDSS 6 (P = 0.001), and SPMS (P < 0.001); however, they reached EDSS 3 earlier (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this mixed cohort, the prevalence of PMS was similar to that reported in other studies, and the pediatric patients had a more benign course than adults with MS.
Subject(s)
Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disability Evaluation , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis , Prevalence , Young AdultABSTRACT
La encefalomielitis aguda diseminada (EMAD) es la leucoencefalopatía adquirida de mayor presentación en la edad pediátrica, de naturaleza inflamatoria-autoinmune, generalmente monofásica, polisintomática, y asociada a compromiso del estado de conciencia. Frecuentemente es precedida por un proceso infeccioso o por una inmunización. Se revisó la literatura médica de los últimos años considerando los aspectos etiopatogénicos, clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Se presentan los últimos criterios diagnósticos para la EMAD y sus formas recurrentes, así como la importancia de los diagnósticos diferenciales, entre ellos la Esclerosis Múltiple Pediátrica(EMP). Las imágenes de Resonancia Magnética (IRM) constituyen el estudio de elección para detectar lesiones desmielinizantes.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an acquired leucoencephalopathy, that occurs more frequently during childhood, of inflammatory autoimmune condition, usually monophasic, polysymptomatic and associated with sensory deterioration. It is a frequently preceded by infections or vaccinations. Recent medical literature was reviewed considering etiology, pathogenesis, clinical, diagnosis and treatment aspects. The current diagnostic criteria for ADEM, its variants and the relevance of differential diagnostics, like Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (PMS) are included. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is recommended to detect demyelination injuries. High doses of steroids are still the therapeutic alternative for ADEM.