Associations between youth suicide rates and state school personnel suicide prevention training requirements.

Objective: As youth spend the majority of their time in school, school personnel suicide prevention training has gained support as an approach to mitigate rising youth suicide rates. This study examined associations between state school personnel suicide prevention training requirements (i.e., mandatory/non-mandatory and annual/not annual), year of legislation enactment (2013 or earlier/2014 or later), and changes in youth suicide rates by state from 2007-09 to 2016-18. Methods: School personnel suicide prevention training requirement data were collected through state-specific Department of Education websites while state-specific youth suicide rates were collected from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's 2020 National Vital Statistics Report. Data were analyzed using a mixed effects linear regression model. Results: Training is mandated in 40/50 (80 %) states; 19/50 (38 %) require annual training. All states demonstrated increases in youth suicide rates from 2007-09 to 2016-18 (mean increase 3.9/100,000 [sd = 1.8]), but the change did not differ significantly by state requirements for mandatory (p = 0.44) or annual (p = 0.70) training, nor for year of enactment of legislation (p = 0.45). Conclusions: School personnel suicide prevention training requirements were not associated with changes in the youth suicide rate, though study results are limited in that data was not available on how successfully schools implemented the required trainings.

Piloting delivery of PfSPZ vaccines for malaria through a cryogenic vaccine cold chain to travel and military medicine clinics.

BACKGROUND: PfSPZ vaccines comprising Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ) have demonstrated > 90% protection against variant Pf malaria infections for at least 12 weeks; they are the only vaccines with the level of efficacy necessary to protect travellers. PfSPZ are eukaryotic cells stabilized by cryopreservation and distributed using a cryogenic (below -150 °C) cold chain. The Ebola vaccine and mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 pioneered uptake of vaccines requiring non-standard ultra-low temperature cold chains. The cryogenic cold chain using liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapour phase (LNVP) cryoshippers, is simpler, more efficient than -80, -20 or 2-8 °C cold chains, and does not use electricity. This study was conducted to evaluate implementation and integration of a cryogenically distributed vaccine at travel and military immunization clinics. METHODS: We conducted sequential 28-day studies evaluating vaccine shipping, storage, maintenance and accession at two US military and two civilian travel health/immunization clinics. In each clinic, personnel were trained in equipment use, procurement and handling of LN2, temperature monitoring and inventory record keeping by in-person or video instruction. RESULTS: Sites required 2-4 h/person for two persons to assimilate and develop the expertise to manage vaccine storage and LNVP operations. LN2 for recharging cryoshippers was delivered every 1-2 weeks. Vaccine ordering, receipt, storage and inventory control was conducted effectively. Simulated single dose vaccine cryovial retrieval and thawing were performed successfully in different travel clinic settings. Continuous temperature monitoring at each site was maintained with only one short excursion above -150 °C (-145 °C) through shipping, use and reverse logistics. Staff, during and at study conclusion, provided feedback that has been incorporated into our models for cold chain logistics. CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrated that the training in delivery, storage, administration and integration of PfSPZ vaccines can be successfully managed in different immunization clinic settings for travellers and military personnel.

Assessment of the Relationship Between Protocol Adherence, Study Complexity and Personnel in Surgical Clinical Trials.

BACKGROUND: In order to improve quality and efficiency of surgical trials, we assessed protocols complexity and examined whether it influenced the conduct, as measured by the number and types of deviations that occurred during the execution phase. Knowledge of these facts and performance of research team would allow to effectively mitigate the occurrence of deviations. METHODS: Thirty-five research protocols were rated according to a previously established complexity scoring model. Statistical analyses were performed to examine associations between protocol complexity, number of protocol/informed consent amendments vs. number/types of protocol deviations; as well as correlations with phase of the study, type of investigational product, personnel changes/experience level were assessed. RESULTS: Assessment of complexity score in Pearson's correlation test with the number of protocol deviations showed weak correlation, suggesting that other factors can influence protocol adherence. There was no correlation observed between number of deviations and type of study by investigational product category. In examining association between protocol deviations and number of subjects enrolled a trend was observed towards increased number of deviations once more subjects have entered the study. The higher number of protocol deviations was associated with increased number of protocol amendments (p = 0.0396), and there was no statistical significance observed between number of deviations and informed consent amendments (p = 0.5083). There was a moderate correlation detected between increased number of protocol deviations and total number of investigators on the study. CONCLUSION: Protocol adherence can be improved with effective training and retention of research coordinators, investigators and frequent internal auditing to address discrepancies and effectively implement corrective actions. Upfront training of research personnel, with subsequent monitoring of performance metrics throughout the execution phase can reduce the total number of protocol deviations, ensure data integrity and improve quality of research conducted. Engagement of all stakeholders upfront, including clinical site personnel, can help develop well-designed clinical trial protocol, avoid time consuming and costly protocol and informed consent amendments at execution phase and ensure higher quality of research conducted, while allowing to meet objectives of the trial in a more efficient manner.

[Explorations in and Practice of Integrating Ideological and Political Theories Education in Stomatology Textbooks].

Stomatology textbooks are an important carrier of integrated ideological and political education. The preparation of textbooks for the stomatology specialty in the new era is an important issue of concern for administrators and teachers of higher education institutions. Integrating ideological and political education in the instruction and practice composnents of academic courses on stomatology is an important issue to be resolved. Herein, we introduced the significance of ideological and political education and elaborated on the method of integrating ideological and political education in stomatology courses and textbooks from the perspectives of curriculum design, textbook compilation, teacher training, teaching evaluation, etc. We analyzed the different ways of integrating ideological and political education in stomatology courses and textbooks from the perspectives of classroom instruction, clinical practice, campus culture, social activities, and some other aspects.

Practice and consideration of the "Master-Apprentice" training model in Shanghai medical group assistance to Tibet / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In order to deal with the shortage of medical talents in Tibet, medical group assistance to Tibet is started as an innovative move in a new era, not only providing high-quality medical resources to Tibet, but also training local medical personnel by drawing on the "Master-Apprentice" model in traditional Chinese medicine. During the past three-year, the Shanghai Medical Team took advantage of medical group assistance to Tibet, enriched the types, methods and contents of teaching and mentoring tasks, and highlighted the role of "experts leading the backbone" and "team leading the team" in the "Master-Apprentice" model. The total amount and quality of local medical talents have thus been significantly improved. On the basis of summarizing experience, this study proposes a number of measures to optimize the current "Master-Apprentice" training model, evaluate the implementation process, and improve the feedback and quality management, so as to speed up the construction of the Tibetan medical talent team.

The World Health Organization targets for cervical cancer control by 2030: a baseline assessment in six African countries-part I.

Aim: We present and analyse the findings of a survey of the readiness of the healthcare systems in Eswatini, Guinea, Malawi, Rwanda, Uganda and Zambia, to implement the necessary measures for attaining the targets for cervical cancer control, set by The World Health Organization (WHO), by the year 2030. Methods: A questionnaire with 129 questions with preset answer options was completed in 2020, by ministries of health programme coordinators for non-communicable diseases, cancer control and/or reproductive health, and by WHO country offices, in the six countries selected. Results: The findings on demographics, burden of disease, governance and management, laboratory services, equipment, supplies and medicines, as well as on personnel and training are presented here. The burden of cervical cancer in the countries studied is considerable, according to The International Agency for Research on Cancer estimations. The incidence of the disease is augmented by the high prevalence of HIV infection, in most of the countries surveyed. Most of the population live in rural areas, where access to the health services is far from ideal. Facilities for screening with human papilloma virus tests and for histopathology are limited. One pathologist covers the diagnostic needs of between 0.5 and 4 million inhabitants. Most other categories of health professionals are under-represented, and the capacity to train them is inadequate. Conclusions: Strong country commitment and leadership, innovative solutions and extensive international cooperation would be needed to attain the targets of cervical cancer control set by WHO, in these countries.

[Big Data Management and Application: Specialty Construction Overview and Exploration of Personnel Training System in Medical Schools].

Focusing on the undergraduate specialty construction of big data management and application in medical colleges and universities in the context of New Medical Education, we first analyzed, in this paper, the demand for trained personnel of this specialization and the status of program construction at the national and regional levels. Then, taking Anhui Medical University as an example, a key medical university in Anhui Province, we introduced the preparations made by medical colleges and universities to set up big data management and application specialty. Finally, from the perspectives of the objectives of personnel training, curriculum system, and practical teaching system, we presented in detail the exploratory efforts made by Anhui Medical University to construct a training system for personnel specializing in big data management and application. In this paper, we reported mainly the work done on the exploration of the personnel training curriculum system, covering general education, professional education, and extracurricular activities, highlighting the interdisciplinary characteristics of a personnel training curricular system that integrates medicine, engineering, and management. We also reported on a practice teaching system that combined in-class practical teaching and extracurricular activities, and that incorporated tiered contents of increasing challenge--basic practice level, cognitive practice level, comprehensive practice level, and innovative practice level. This study is expected to provide useful references for the training of personnel specializing in medical big data in the context of New Medical Education.

Development of public health personnel team in Center for Disease Control and Prevention in context of COVID-19 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveIn the context of COVID-19 prevention and control， to summarize the current situation of the public health personnel team development against the pandemic at a county-level center for disease control and prevention （CDC） in Shanghai’s extra-large urban area， to analyze and summarize the current situation and existing problems of the public health personnel team of the district and county-level CDCs， and to propose measures to strengthen and improve the development. MethodsTaking the Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention， which serves a population of 5.68 millions， as an example， through information access， individual interviews， questionnaires， holding symposiums， etc.， combined with the deployment of personnel in the handling of the COVID-19， we described the Pudong New Area CDC’s talent team characteristics， personnel recruitment and loss， and investigated the factors affecting the construction of talent team. ResultsFrom 2014 to 2020， Pudong CDC recruited 115 people， and 65.71% of them chose to work there. 68 people resigned， with an average of 6.8 people leaving every year， with a fluctuating upward trend in resignation rate （χ2=0.158，P<0.05）. Since we entered the phase of regular COVID-19 prevention and control in 2020， the staff have been overloaded with work， based on the number of hours spent dealing with the pandemic on the spot and the number of people on the job. In 2017 to 2019， the salary of staff was basically maintained at the level of 2016 （average annual growth of about 2.5%）； it lacked targeted talent recruitment （one-time resettlement fee， etc.） and talent retention incentives （monthly housing subsidy for new employees， etc.）. According to the questionnaire’s results， 79.23% of the respondents believed that the talent incentive mechanism needs to be improved， 73.43% believed that a good environment for talent growth needs to be created， and 50.24% thought that the employment mechanism needs to be reformed. It is difficult to meet the needs of pandemic prevention and control under the new situation with the current number of public health personnel， the recruitment of talents is insufficient， the turnover is too high， and there is a gap between the ability of some public health personnel and what is required of them under the new situation and new tasks. ConclusionThe quantity and quality of public health personnel for disease control in Shanghai can hardly meet the needs of pandemic prevention and control under the new situation. The pertinence and systematization of public health talent training urgently need to be strengthened， and the incentive mechanism needs to be improved.

[Interdisciplinary education of fermentation engineering graduates].

Fermentation engineering is an industrial process that uses the transformation of microorganisms or other cells to produce a specific product in a specific bioreactor. Fermentation engineering has developed from an ancient food fermentation relying solely on experience accumulation to an important production mode of food, agriculture, medicine, chemical industry and other means of production and life. It has become a key technology to support the sustainable development of human beings, and is inseparable from the continuous progress of interdisciplinary technology. The interdisciplinary integration and the continuous upward movement of China's global industrial chain will inevitably put forward higher requirements for the cultivation of fermentation engineering composite talents in the new situation. In order to constantly improve the interdisciplinary fermentation engineering compound talent training system, in recent years, the research lab has been refining and improving the concept of talent training, and actively deepening the reform of talent training system. Systematic research and practice have been carried out around the aspects of training program, enrollment system, teacher background, subject setting, scientific research practice, evaluation system, etc., which has promoted the technological progress of fermentation engineering and related supporting industries, and contributed an important force to the transformation of China from a big fermentation country to a powerful fermentation country.

[The Influence of New Medical Department Construction on the Development of Stomatology Education].

Personnel training is the core and cornerstone of stomatology education. This paper introduces the background and connotation of "New Medicine Department", and discusses the influence of new medicine on the development of stomatology from the aspects of precision medicine, transformation medicine and intelligent medicine, the new requirements of stomatology education in the new medical department construction under the health China strategy were analyzed, this paper puts forward some thoughts on how to promote the development of stomatology education in new medical disciplines from aspects of promoting the cross-integration of disciplines, consolidating the basis of talents training, promoting the training mode of general education, integrating moral education into the whole teaching process, promoting the coordination of Medical Education and education in all aspects, cultivating different types of stomatology talents, and building up a contingent of teachers in all dimensions, in order to provide reference for the reform and development of stomatology education in China.

Research progress in the personnel training of physiotherapists / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper mainly analyzes the literature on the training system of physiotherapists at home and abroad in the past 15 years, and compares the training mode, curriculum setting, current situation and application direction of physiotherapists domestic and abroad. The main findings are as follows: at present, the training objectives of Chinese physiotherapists are not clear, the training methods and teaching materials are outdated, the source of teachers are not standardized, the identification of professional qualifications are not completed, and the gap between relevant talents and market demand is large. It is suggested to establish a standardized curriculum and syllabus for physiotherapists, develop a unified industry access and qualification recognition, formulate a training mode which is in line with the national conditions, and focus on solving the imbalance between supply and demand of physiotherapists.

Interdisciplinary education of fermentation engineering graduates / 生物工程学报

Fermentation engineering is an industrial process that uses the transformation of microorganisms or other cells to produce a specific product in a specific bioreactor. Fermentation engineering has developed from an ancient food fermentation relying solely on experience accumulation to an important production mode of food, agriculture, medicine, chemical industry and other means of production and life. It has become a key technology to support the sustainable development of human beings, and is inseparable from the continuous progress of interdisciplinary technology. The interdisciplinary integration and the continuous upward movement of China's global industrial chain will inevitably put forward higher requirements for the cultivation of fermentation engineering composite talents in the new situation. In order to constantly improve the interdisciplinary fermentation engineering compound talent training system, in recent years, the research lab has been refining and improving the concept of talent training, and actively deepening the reform of talent training system. Systematic research and practice have been carried out around the aspects of training program, enrollment system, teacher background, subject setting, scientific research practice, evaluation system, etc., which has promoted the technological progress of fermentation engineering and related supporting industries, and contributed an important force to the transformation of China from a big fermentation country to a powerful fermentation country.

Thinking and practice on establishing a high-quality university education system of laboratory medicine / 中华检验医学杂志

It is an urgent need for the development of medical and health undertakings in the new era to build a high-quality university education system and cultivate high-quality personnel for laboratory medicine. In the process of building a national first-class specialty, the medical laboratory technology specialty of Southern Medical University adheres to the concept of high-quality university education and improves the training level of laboratory medicine personnel through the teaching reform practice of constructing the whole-process moral education system, systematical training mode, internationalized teaching team, and intelligent teaching technology. In this paper, we analyzed the connotation and construction experience of a high-quality university education system of laboratory medicine, in order to increase the exchange and communication between different colleges and universities, and make contributions to the national strategic goal of building a powerful country in education before 2035.

Reform practice of first-class undergraduate personnel training in pharmacy specialty of colleges and universities of traditional Chinese medicine: with Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine as example / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Based on the requirements of first-class undergraduate talents training in pharmacy in the new era, this paper summarizes and analyzes the law, current situation and actual situation of pharmaceutical talents training in TCM colleges and universities in China, and discusses the reform and practice of first-class pharmaceutical talents training in terms of talent training mode reform, teaching staff construction, curriculum system optimization, teaching mode innovation, quality assurance system construction and innovation and entrepreneurship education in combination with the construction experience of national first-class undergraduate specialty construction point in the pharmacy of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, so as to further improve the quality of personnel training and provide a reference for excellent pharmaceutical personnel training.

Massive open online course for Brazilian healthcare providers working with substance use disorders: curriculum design.

BACKGROUND: Interpersonal and technical skills are required for the care of people living with substance use disorders. Considering the applicability and usability of online courses as continuing professional education initiatives, this study aimed to describe the content design process of an introductory-level healthcare-centered Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). METHODS: The content of the course was informed through needs assessment, by using three sources: (a) narrative literature review, (b) Delphi health experts panel consensus, and (c) focus groups conducted with people living with substance use disorders. The data from the empirical research phases were analyzed through qualitative Thematic Analysis. RESULTS: The product of this research project is the introductory-level Massive Open Online Course "Healthcare: Developing Relational Skills for the Assistance of People Living with Substance Use Disorders" which approaches health communication and empathetic relational professional skills as a means of reducing stigmatization of people living with substance use disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Diverse strategies for designing distance education initiatives have to consider different views on the subject being approached in such courses. The product presented in this paper has the potential to be an educational tool for topics traditionally not addressed in Brazilian continuing education and can be used as a model to the design of online courses directed to the development of work-related skills for the healthcare professions.

Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH), inclusão educacional e Treinamento, Desenvolvimento e Educação de Pessoas (TD&E): uma revisão integrativa / Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, educational inclusion and Training, Development and Education: an integrative review / Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad, inclusión educativa y capacitación, desarrollo y educación de las personas: una revisión integradora

O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é a condição neuropsiquiátrica mais comum na infância; deve ser foco de inclusão educacional, tendo base legal, onde estratégias pedagógicas diferenciadas são necessárias. Nesse contexto, o Treinamento, Desenvolvimento e Educação de Pessoas (TD&E), pode contribuir na sistematização da promoção de habilidades de pais, professores e alunos com TDAH. O presente estudo teve por objetivo uma revisão integrativa, sobre inclusão escolar de crianças com TDAH, buscando a verificação da existência de subsistemas que compõe o TD&E. Foram consultadas 7 bases de dados e selecionados 22 estudos que foram categorizados segundo TD&E. As análises evidenciaram: inclusão escolar como um processo em construção mundial; múltiplas formas de execução; necessidade de formação dos professores; tendência de inclusão de crianças com TDAH; volume de trabalhos crescente e; a possibilidade da aplicabilidade do TD&E na educação especial, trazendo contribuição para planejamento e execução de práticas inclusivas.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuropsychiatric condition in childhood; It should be the focus of educational inclusion, having a legal basis, where differentiated pedagogical strategies are needed. In this context, Training, Development and Education of People (TD&E) can contribute to the systematization of the promotion of skills of parents, teachers and students with ADHD. The present study aimed at an integrative review on school inclusion of children with ADHD, seeking to verify the existence of subsystems that make up the TD&E. We consulted 7 databases and selected 22 studies that were categorized according to TD&E. The analyzes showed: school inclusion with a process under construction worldwide; multiple forms of execution; need for teacher training; inclusion trend of children with ADHD; increasing workload and; the possibility of the applicability of TD&E in special education, contributing to the planning and execution of inclusive practices.

El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es la afección neuropsiquiátrica más común en la infancia; Debe ser foco de inclusión educativa, tener una base legal y necesitan estrategias pedagógicas diferenciadas. La capacitación, el desarrollo y la educación de las personas (TD&E) pueden contribuir en sistematización de la promoción de las habilidades de padres, maestros y estudiantes con TDAH. Objetivó una revisión integradora sobre la inclusión escolar de niños con TDAH y verificar la existencia de subsistemas que componen el TD&E. Consultamos 7 bases de datos y seleccionamos 22 estudios que se clasificaron según TD&E. Los análisis mostraron: inclusión escolar con un proceso en construcción en todo el mundo; múltiples formas de ejecución; necesidad de formación docente; tendencia de inclusión de niños con TDAH; aumento de la carga de trabajo y; posibilidad de aplicabilidad de TD&E en educación especial, contribuyendo a la planificación y ejecución de prácticas inclusivas.

Several considerations on the establishment of a new public health and preventive medicine system in national level / 中华预防医学杂志

Based on the new mission of public health conferred by the Healthy China Strategy and insufficient response to COVID-19, this article pointed out the problems of the current public health and preventive medical system from the macro system level, the meso organization level, and the micro individual level: including insufficient strategic planning , Resource input, institutional coordination, talent training and team building. This article creatively proposed to set up the health and health commission to implement the top-down vertical management at the national - provincial – municipal - county level. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention system should be build by a strategic research institute, CDC, a human resources training base, and a scientific research institute. Enhance the functions of strategic planning, overall coordination, and evidence-based decision-making in the original system; emphasize the foresight and continuity of scientific research; allow the CDC to focus more on health management and the responses to emergencies. This will protect public health, improve the health and quality of life of the entire population, and ensure social stability and development.

Training Needs Measure for Health Care of the LGBT+ Public / Medida de Necessidades de Treinamento para Atenção em Saúde ao Público LGBT+ / Medida de Necesidades de Entrenamiento para la Atención en Salud al público LGBT+

Abstract Inadequate and ineffective care provided by health professionals to the LGBT+ public can cause countless damages to those who demand care. An alternative to improve the service provided is to promote training actions for professionals that should be initiated by the Training Needs Analysis (TNA). This study aimed at building and validating, theoretically and statistically, a TNA instrument for health professionals related to humanized care for LGBT+ individuals for the Brazilian context. The data collection was done in two stages, in person and virtually, and had 449 professionals who responded to the TNA instrument built. The data was analyzed by means of content analysis, exploratory factors and internal consistency. The scale presented a uni-factorial structure with evidence of validity and reliability, and can be used as a diagnostic tool to verify the gaps in the competence of health professionals in the care of LGBT+ people.

Resumo A assistência inadequada e ineficaz proporcionada por profissionais de saúde ao público LGBT+ pode causar inúmeros danos àqueles que demandam cuidados. Uma alternativa para melhorar o atendimento prestado é promover ações de capacitação aos profissionais que devem ser iniciadas pela Análise de Necessidades de Treinamento (ANT). O presente estudo teve como objetivo construir e validar, teórica e estatisticamente, um instrumento de ANT destinado aos profissionais de saúde relacionado ao atendimento humanizado ao indivíduo LGBT+ para o contexto brasileiro. A coleta de dados foi feita em duas etapas, presencial e virtualmente, e contou com 449 profissionais que responderam ao instrumento de ANT construído. Os dados foram analisados mediante análises de conteúdo, fatoriais exploratórias e de consistência interna. A escala apresentou uma estrutura unifatorial com evidências de validade e confiabilidade, podendo ser utilizada como ferramenta de diagnóstico para verificar as lacunas de competências dos profissionais de saúde quanto ao atendimento às pessoas LGBT+.

Resumen La atención inadecuada e ineficaz que brindan los profesionales de la salud al público LGBT+ puede causar numerosos daños a quienes la necesitan. Una alternativa para mejorar el servicio prestado es promover la capacitación de profesionales, que debe ser iniciada por el Análisis de Necesidades de Entrenamiento (ANE). El estudio describe los procedimientos de construcción y validación, teórica y estadística, de un instrumento de ANE destinado a los profesionales de la salud que trabajan con población LGBT+. La recogida de datos fue realizada en dos etapas, presencial y virtualmente, y contó con 449 profesionales que respondieron al instrumento de ANE construido. Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis de contenido, factoriales exploratorios y de consistencia interna. La escala presentó una estructura unifactorial con evidencias de validez y fiabilidad, pudiendo ser utilizada como herramienta de diagnóstico para verificar las deficiencias de competencias de los profesionales de la salud cuanto al atendimiento a las personas LGBT+.

Experience of Chicagoland acute care hospitals in preparing for Ebola virus disease, 2014-2015.

During the 2014-2015 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak, hospitals in the United States selected personal protective equipment (PPE) and trained healthcare personnel (HCP) in anticipation of receiving EVD patients. To improve future preparations for high-consequence infectious diseases, it was important to understand factors that affected PPE selection and training in the context of the EVD outbreak. Semistructured interviews were conducted with HCP involved with decision-making during EVD preparations at acute care hospitals in the Chicago, IL area to gather information about the PPE selection and training process. HCP who received training were surveyed about elements of training and their perceived impact and overall experience by email invitation. A total of 28 HCP from 15 hospitals were interviewed, and 55 HCP completed the survey. Factors affecting PPE selection included: changing guidance, vendor supply, performance evaluations, and perceived risk and comfort for HCP. Cost did not affect selection. PPE acquisition challenges were mitigated by: sharing within hospital networks, reusing PPE during training, and improvising with existing PPE stock. Selected PPE ensembles were similar across sites. Training included hands-on activities with trained observers, instructional videos, and simulations/drills, which were felt to increase HCP confidence. Many felt refresher training would be helpful. Hands-on training was perceived to be effective, but there is a need to establish the appropriate frequency of refresher training frequency to maintain competence. Lacking confidence in the CDC guidance, interviewed trainers described turning to other sources of information and developing independent PPE evaluation and selection. Response to emerging and/or high consequence infectious diseases would be enhanced by transparent, risk-based guidance for PPE selection and training that addresses protection level, ease of use, ensembles, and availability.

Safety Resources and Processes in MR Imaging Departments.

PURPOSE: To identify current standards of safety practices, common safety resources in use, and gaps in workflow practices in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging departments. METHODS: Qualitative observational research and visual assessments of safety resources available at clinical rotation sites were conducted with subsequent open coding analysis. RESULTS: The sample varied in terms of the strength of MR systems, types of facilities, patient populations, and safety resources available. Qualitative themes included carelessness of personnel, facility design flaws, and inconsistencies in safety practices and staffing. DISCUSSION: Proper screening of patients and other individuals, appropriate use of barriers, and ferromagnetic detection systems can be effective tools for ensuring patient and personnel safety. Although various safety resources were available at most MR imaging facilities, the resources proved to be only as effective as the safety practices of the MR technologists. CONCLUSION: Safety practices in MR imaging departments can be improved upon continually. This study provides a foundation for future research on MR safety practices.