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1.
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A ; 27(1): 6-11, 2017 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27754816

ABSTRACT

The treatment for achalasia changed dramatically after the introduction of minimally invasive surgery. Since 1991, laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) has replaced pneumatic dilatation (PD) as the primary form of treatment in many centers. Over time, PD became safer, and eventually endoscopic experts were able to perform an endoscopic myotomy via a per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Ultimately, the best outcomes are obtained by a multidisciplinary team that can tailor a specific treatment to each individual patient.


Subject(s)
Esophageal Achalasia/surgery , Fundoplication/methods , Laparoscopy/methods , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Dilatation/methods , Esophageal Achalasia/therapy , Humans , Patient Care Team , Treatment Outcome
2.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 54(4): 0-0, oct.-dic. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-769390

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la acalasia es un trastorno degenerativo de la motilidad esofágica cuyo resultado es la ausencia o pobre relajación del esfínter esofágico inferior a la deglución asociado a trastorno motor del cuerpo esofágico. Afecta a ambos sexos con una incidencia de 1/100 000 y una prevalencia de 10/100 000. En su fisiopatología se han involucrado factores inmunológicos, genéticos, infecciosos y neurodegenerativos, que conllevan a pérdida selectiva de las neuronas inhibitorias del plexo mientérico e infiltrado inflamatorio en el esfínter esofágico inferior. Objetivo: revisar las modalidades terapéuticas en el tratamiento de la acalasia con un análisis a corto y largo plazo de las opciones de tratamiento. Métodos: con la introducción para su diagnóstico de la manometría de alta resolución se ha creado un novedoso sistema de clasificación que puede evaluar el pronóstico para el paciente y predecir la respuesta al tratamiento. La terapéutica descansa sobre la base de: tratamiento médico, procederes endoscópicos y tratamiento quirúrgico, siendo éste el estándar terapéutico, aunque continúa el debate sobre qué método es mejor, si la dilatación neumática, o la miotomía de Heller. Resultados: la miotomía laparoscópica de Heller (MLH) ha emergido en los últimos años como el tratamiento de elección, particularmente en pacientes jóvenes (≤ 45 años). Desde noviembre del 2012 hasta septiembre del 2015 se han realizado 27 dilataciones endoscópicas,15 mujeres (55,6 por ciento) y 12 hombres (44,4 por ciento), sin reportar complicaciones. Desde enero 2010 hasta diciembre 2014 se realizaron 188 miotomías de Heller por abordaje laparoscópico, el promedio de estadía hospitalaria fue de un día, no hubo conversión ni reintervención y la mortalidad fue nula(AU)


Introduction: Achalasia is a neurodegenerative motility disorder of the esophagus resulting in failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax properly in response to swallowing and associated to motor disorder of the esophageal body. It affects both sex with an incidence rate of 1/100 000 and a prevalence of 10/100 000. Its pathophysiology includes immune, genetics, infectious and neurodegenerative factors that result in a selective loss of inhibitory neurons of the myenteric plexus and inflammatory infiltrate in the lower esophageal sphincter. Objective: Objectives: To review the therapeutic modalities in the treatment of achalasia with short- and long-term analysis of treatment options. Methods: Through the introduction of high resolution manometry, a novel classification system for achalasia has been created to evaluate the prognosis of a patient and to predict response to treatment. Therapeutics is based on medical treatment, endoscopic procedures and surgery, being the latter the gold standard; however there is currently much debate over whether pneumatic dilation is better than Heller myotomy procedure in the treatment of achalasia. Results: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy has emerged in the last few years as the treatment of choice, particularly for young patients 45 years of age or younger. From November 2012 to September 2015, 27 endoscopic dilations have been perfomed in 15 women (55.6 percent) and 12 men (44.4 percent) with no reported complications. From January 2010 to December 2014, one hundred and eighty eight laparoscopic Heller myotomies were performed; the hospital stay was one day, neither conversion nor reoperation was necessary and the mortality rate was zero(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Esophageal Achalasia/therapy , Immunologic Factors/adverse effects , Laparoscopy/methods , Manometry/statistics & numerical data
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