The prevalence of misophonia in a representative population-based survey in Germany.

PURPOSE: Misophonia is a new disorder, currently defined as significant emotional and physiological distress when exposed to certain sounds. Although there is a growing body of literature on the characteristics of the disorder, the prevalence in the general population is still relatively unknown. This study therefore aims at determining the prevalence and symptom severity of misophonia in a large and representative general population sample in Germany. METHODS: To examine the prevalence of misophonic sounds, misophonic reactions and misophonia severity, a cross-sectional population representative survey in Germany has been conducted. Participants (N = 2.522) were questioned retrospectively about misophonic symptoms using the Amsterdam Misophonie Scale - Revised (AMISOS-R). RESULTS: Overall 33.3% reported to be sensitive to at least one specific misophonic sound. Within the total sample, subthreshold symptoms were reported by 21.3%, mild symptoms were reported by 9.9%, moderate to severe symptoms were reported by 2.1%, and severe to extreme symptoms were reported in 0.1% of participants. CONCLUSION: Based on the diverging presentations and prevalence rates of misophonic sounds, reactions and symptoms according to the severity, it seems worthwhile to conceptualize misophonia as a rather continuous spectrum disorder (subthreshold, mild, moderate to severe), still taking into account that an additional categorical diagnostic approach might be necessary to derive a diagnosis in clinical practice.

Polycystic ovary syndrome: Insights into its prevalence, diagnosis, and management with special reference to gut microbial dysbiosis.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents major endocrine and metabolic disorder among women largely characterized by hyperandrogenism and oligomenorrhea precipitates serious complications such as type 2 diabetes, early atherosclerosis, infertility, and endometrial cancer. Several etiological theories were proposed to define the exact cause of the PCOS, which is characterized, by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, ovarian morphology, and release of adrenal steroid hormones, metabolic syndrome, and hereditary factors. The review explored the role of dysbiosis and the mechanisms through which microbial dysbiosis can affect PCOS development. In recent time, various research groups highlighted the role of microbial gut dysbiosis associated with obesity as potential etiological factor for the PCOS. In the present review, we reviewed the mechanisms attributed to the microbial dysbiosis and treatment approaches to deal with the situation.

Long term impact of Wenchuan earthquake on population mental and behavioral disorders in heavily-stricken areas: An ecological study based on big data.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore and evaluate the development trends and differential changes in the prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders among the earthquake survivors in exposure groups (highly hard-hit areas) and control groups (general disaster areas) from 2015 to 2019, as well as to investigate the potential influencing factors. METHODS: Data was obtained from the Sichuan Health Information System and the Sichuan Health Yearbook, the prevalence of the exposure group and the control group were calculated, the difference between the two groups was evaluated using the prevalence rate ratio, and a fixed effect model was developed to investigate the potential influencing factors of the prevalence. RESULTS: The prevalence by gender and age in the exposure group was always greater than those in the control group (RR>1), although the disparity between the two proceeded to diminish with time. The urbanization rate (ß = 0.0448, P < 0.05) and disaster area levels (ß = 0.0104, P < 0.05) were risk factors for the prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders. LIMITATIONS: The study only collected data at the group level following the Wenchuan earthquake. Consequently, the findings are only applicable at the group level. Furthermore, diagnostic criteria for various types of mental and behavioral disorders diseases were not provided. CONCLUSIONS: The earthquake has a significant long-term impact on mental health. It is necessary to continuously monitor the mental health of Wenchuan earthquake survivors and take appropriate post-disaster intervention measures.

Surveillance of Parrot Bornavirus in Taiwan Captive Psittaciformes.

Parrot bornavirus (PaBV) is an infectious disease linked with proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) with severe digestive and neurological symptoms affecting psittacine birds. Despite its detection in 2008, PaBV prevalence in Taiwan remains unexplored. Taiwan is one of the leading psittacine bird breeders; hence, understanding the distribution of PaBV aids preventive measures in controlling spread, early disease recognition, epidemiology, and transmission dynamics. Here, we aimed to detect the prevalence rate of PaBV and assess its genetic variation in Taiwan. Among 124 psittacine birds tested, fifty-seven were PaBV-positive, a prevalence rate of 45.97%. Most of the PaBV infections were adult psittacine birds, with five birds surviving the infection, resulting in a low survival rate (8.77%). A year of parrot bornavirus surveillance presented a seasonal pattern, with peak PaBV infection rates occurring in the spring season (68%) and the least in the summer season (25%), indicating the occurrence of PaBV infections linked to seasonal factors. Histopathology reveals severe meningoencephalitis in the cerebellum and dilated cardiomyopathy of the heart in psittacine birds who suffered from PDD. Three brain samples underwent X/P gene sequencing, revealing PaBV-2 and PaBV-4 viral genotypes through phylogenetic analyses. This underscores the necessity for ongoing PaBV surveillance and further investigation into its pathophysiology and transmission routes.

A meta-analysis for prevalence of infectious laryngotracheitis in chickens in mainland China in 1981-2022.

BACKGROUND: Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly infectious upper respiratory tract disease of chickens caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus or Gallid herpesvirus 1 (GaHV-1). ILT is an important respiratory disease of chickens and annually causes significant economic losses in the chicken industry. Although numerous relevant studies have been published, the overall prevalence of ILT infection among chicken in mainland China is still unknown, and associated risk factors need to be evaluated to establish preventive measures. RESULTS: The present study reviewed the literature on the prevalence of ILT in chickens in China as of December 20, 2022, retrieved from six databases-CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect-were used to retrieve relevant studies published between January 1, 1981 and December 20, 2022. The literature quality of studies was assessed, and 20 studies with a total of 108,587 samples were included in the meta-analysis. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the overall prevalence of ILT was 10% (95% confidence interval: 8 -12%) through the random-effects model, which showed high heterogeneity, I2 = 99.4%. Further subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of ILT decreased over time; furthermore, the prevalence in Northwest China was slightly lower than that in North China and South China, and the prevalence estimated using the diagnostic technique AGP was higher than that reported using other diagnostic techniques. CONCLUSIONS: ILT is prevalent to some extent in mainland China. Given that the ILT attenuated live vaccine has a certain level of virulence and the prevalence differences between regions, we recommend controlling breeding density, improving immunization programs and continuously monitoring viruses and to prevent ILT prevailing in mainland China.

High burden of noma in the Gambella region of Ethiopia: a 12-year retrospective study on noma cases from the Facing Africa database.

BACKGROUND: Noma, an infectious disease, mainly affects impoverished children. This study retrospectively assessed noma's prevalence in Ethiopia using data from the Facing Africa database and the 2022 United Nations Development Programme poverty index report. METHODS: A thorough review of medical records spanning 2007 to 2019 identified a total of 235 noma cases. A standardized data extraction template was employed to systematically gather pertinent clinical and demographic data for subsequent analysis. Prevalence rates were calculated nationally and regionally for both the general population and children aged ≤10 y. RESULTS: The analysis revealed estimated national prevalence rates of 0.65 per 100 000 individuals at risk and 1.9 per 100 000 children aged <10 y at risk. The Gambela region exhibited the highest prevalence rate (11.2 per 100 000), whereas the Benshangul Gumuz region had the lowest (0.25 per 100 000). Similar patterns were observed among children aged ≤10 y, with the Gambela and Benshangul Gumuz regions reporting rates of 32.9 and 0.74 per 100 000, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights noma's significant impact on children aged <10 y in Ethiopia, especially in the Gambella region. It offers crucial baseline data to assist public health professionals, policymakers and healthcare providers in formulating evidence-based strategies to combat noma and improve affected individuals' well-being.

Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Viruses: Changes during the Pandemic.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have influenced the prevalence and seasonality of acute respiratory viral infections. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of all viruses causing acute viral respiratory infections before and after social distancing measures were lifted. Methods: Cross-sectional study where outpatients and inpatients at Kyunghee University Hospital were examined. From January 2021 to December 2022, respiratory samples were analyzed using multiplex reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of 3953 samples obtained, 412 (10.42%) were positive for acute respiratory viral infection, and 502 viruses were detected. The number of viral infections increased from 184 in 2021 to 318 in 2022. Human metapneumovirus was detected from August to November 2022. Human bocavirus (HBoV) was frequently detected from April to June 2021; however, in 2022, HBoV was frequently detected from July to October. Human parainfluenza virus 3 was rarely detected after its initial frequent detection from October to December 2021 but was continuously observed after frequent detection in September 2022. Co-infection occurred in 78 (18.9%) cases. The most common combination of simultaneous infections was human rhinovirus-HBoV (n = 30, 38.5%). Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of acute respiratory viral infection decreased significantly but increased in 2022 when measures were lifted. The prevalence and seasonality of respiratory viral infections have changed since the pandemic. Our findings contribute to the prediction of an effective response to changes in the prevalence of respiratory viruses.

Mental health and help-seeking in Czech sexual minorities: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.

AIMS: The mental health of sexual minority (SM) individuals remains overlooked and understudied in Czechia. We aimed to estimate (1) the prevalence rate and (2) the relative risk of common mental disorders and (3) the mental distress severity among the Czech SM people compared with the heterosexual population. In addition, we aimed to investigate help-seeking for mental disorders in SM people. METHODS: We used data from a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of Czech community-dwelling adults, consisting of 3063 respondents (response rate = 58.62%). We used the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview to assess the presence of mental disorders. In individuals scoring positively, we established help-seeking in the past 12 months. We assessed symptom severity using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale. We computed the prevalence of mental disorders and the treatment gap with 95% confidence intervals. To assess the risk of having a mental disorder, we used binary logistic regression. RESULTS: We demonstrated that the prevalence of current mental disorders was 18.85% (17.43-20.28), 52.27% (36.91-67.63), 33.33% (19.5-47.17) and 25.93% (13.85-38) in heterosexual, gay or lesbian, bisexual and more sexually diverse individuals, respectively. Suicidal thoughts and behaviours were present in 5.73% (4.88-6.57), 25.00% (11.68-38.32), 22.92% (10.58-35.25) and 11.11% (2.45-19.77) of heterosexual, gay or lesbian, bisexual and more sexually diverse individuals, respectively. After confounder adjustment, gay or lesbian individuals were more likely to have at least one current mental disorder compared with heterosexual counterparts (odds ratio = 3.51; 1.83-6.76). For bisexual and sexually more diverse individuals, the results were consistent with a null effect (1.85; 0.96-3.45 and 0.89; 0.42-1.73). The mean depression symptom severity was 2.96 (2.81-3.11) in heterosexual people and 4.68 (2.95-6.42), 7.12 (5.07-9.18) and 5.17 (3.38-6.95) in gay or lesbian, bisexual and more sexually diverse individuals, respectively. The mean anxiety symptom severity was 1.97 (1.85-2.08) in heterosexual people and 3.5 (1.98-5.02), 4.63 (3.05-6.2) and 3.7 (2.29-5.11) in gay or lesbian, bisexual and more sexually diverse individuals, respectively. We demonstrated broadly consistent levels of treatment gap in heterosexual and SM individuals scoring positively for at least one current mental disorder (82.91%; 79.5-85.96 vs. 81.13%; 68.03-90.56). CONCLUSIONS: We provide evidence that SM people in Czechia have substantially worse mental health outcomes than their heterosexual counterparts. Systemic changes are imperative to provide not only better and more sensitive care to SM individuals but also to address structural stigma contributing to these health disparities.

U-shaped association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and the prevalence of asthma in the overweight and obese U.S. population.

INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D supplementation has shown promise in averting asthma. However, the association between 25(OH)D levels and asthma prevention in various demographic groups remains inconclusive. Here, we explore this relationship in the context of overweight and obese individuals in the United States. METHODS: We scrutinized cross-sectional data derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2007 and 2018. This dataset encompasses comprehensive information about asthma patients with a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2, in addition to data regarding 25(OH)D concentration and other pertinent variables. Among the 3889 participants, 16.2% (631/3889) reported a history of asthma, constituting 1765 (45.4%) males and 2124 (54.6%) females. The median age was 56.0 years, with a standard deviation of 16.0 years. We conducted restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis to assess the correlation between 25(OH)D levels and asthma. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounders, compared to individuals with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (group1 ≤ 46.6 nmol/L), the adjusted odds ratios (OR) for asthma in group2 (46.7-62 nmol/L), group3 (62.1-78.2 nmol/L), and group4 (≥78.3 nmol/L) were 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49-0.94, p < 0.021), 0.65 (95% CI: 0.47-0.88, p < 0.006), and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.61-1.12, p < 0.22), respectively. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis revealed a nonlinear U-shaped curve (p = 0.017) with an inflection point at approximately 84.95 nmol/L. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of 25(OH)D are correlated with a diminished prevalence of asthma among overweight and obese individuals in the United States.

Vitamin D supplementation may reduce the incidence of asthma in the overweight and obese individuals.A u-shaped association was observed between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and asthma, with an inflection point of 84.95 nmol/L.Presenting supportive evidence for vitamin D supplementation in the overweight and obese individuals.

Trends and projections of the burden of osteoarthritis disease in China and globally: A comparative study of the 2019 global burden of disease database.

This study aims to characterize the burden of osteoarthritis in China and globally from 1990 to 2019 and predict the burden for the next decade. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database is designed to assess the burden of various diseases and injuries on a global scale. Age-standardized rate data for the incidence, prevalence, and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) of osteoarthritis in both China and the global context were extracted. Furthermore, the Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) to illustrate the long-term trends in the burden of osteoarthritis disease was calculated. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were applied to forecast the trends in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standardized YLDs rate (ASYR) for osteoarthritis in China and globally for the next 11 years. Knee osteoarthritis showed a changing trend of ASIR, ASPR, and ASYR from 1990 to 2019 in China, initially decreasing and then increasing. In contrast, global osteoarthritis exhibited a relatively stable overall trend over three decades. Knee osteoarthritis exhibited the highest incidence, prevalence, and YLDs across various age groups and genders. The ARIMA forecast indicated a slight upward trend in osteoarthritis burden in China and globally over the next 11 years. Osteoarthritis poses a significant health issue, emphasizing the need to enhance awareness and management of osteoarthritis among the population and policymakers, particularly focusing on the elderly and female populations.

Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of septicemia in neonatal intensive care units in Palestine: A retrospective study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalent pathogens that caused neonatal septicemia and their corresponding antimicrobial sensitivities in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in the West Bank. Methods: In this retrospective study, we extracted records of neonates with suspected neonatal sepsis (NS) admitted to three NICUs in the West Bank between 2019 and 2021 from the Ministry of Health's electronic database. Results: Out of 6090 suspected episodes of NS, 884 tested positive for blood cultures, and 554 were primary cases; 59.5% were male, 26.6% were preterm, and 52.7% were aged 0-7 days. Moreover, 29% of 884 positive cultures were contributed by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). Only 14.6% of episodes aligned with both Word Health Organization-recommended antibiotic regimens, 5.2% matched with one regimen, and 80.3% did not match either regimen. Specifically, 19.6% of cases matched with ampicillin-gentamicin, and 14.7% matched with ampicillin-cefotaxime. The likelihood of a match between early-onset sepsis and empiric antibiotic regimens was greater than late-onset sepsis (odds ratio = 2.549, [95% confidence interval: 1.276-5.092]). MDRO was more likely than non-MDRO to match with one antibiotic regimen (odds ratio = 4.142 [95% confidence interval: 1.913-8.966]). Conclusion: There is an alarming prevalence of MDRO among Palestinian neonates in the NICU of the West Bank. The study highlights the urgent need for implementation of effective infection control measures and antimicrobial stewardship programs in the NICUs of hospitals in the West Bank to reduce the prevalence of MDRO and improve neonatal health outcomes.

Prevalence of hypertension among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using the results of a regional study. The studies were reviewed using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine, Wan Fang Data and Chinese Science Citation Database. After screening articles and data extraction, Stata V.16 was used for statistical analysis. This study was registered in the Prospective Register Systematic Reviews (CRD42020170649). A total of 2126 articles were identified, and nine papers were finally included. Random-effects modelling showed that the pooled prevalence of hypertension among Chinese patients with T2DM was 54% (95% CI 47 to 61%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence in men (59.8%; 95% CI 49.0 to 70.7%) was higher than that in women (40.2%; 95% CI 29.3 to 59.2%). The prevalence in North China was higher than that in East China. The prevalence in institution-based settings (56%; 95% CI 48 to 64%) was higher than that in community-based settings (51%; 95% CI 34 to 69%). Appropriate preventive measures should be undertaken, such as health education, to control and reduce the risk of hypertension in diabetic patients and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease.

Prevalence of Diabetes in India: A Review of IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th Edition.

Diabetes is a severe chronic disease that arises when insulin generation is insufficient, or the generated insulin cannot be used in the body, resulting a long-term metabolic disorder. Diabetes affects an estimated 537 million adults worldwide between the age of 20 to 79 (10.5% of all adults in this age range). By 2030, 643 million people will have diabetes globally, increasing to 783 million by 2045. According to the IDF 10th edition, the incidence of diabetes has been rising in South-East Asia (SEA) nations for at least 20 years, and current estimates have outperformed all previous forecasts. This review aims to provide updated estimates and future projections of diabetes prevalence at the national and global levels by using data from the 10th edition of the IDF Diabetes Atlas 2021. For this review, we studied more than 60 previously published related articles from various sources, such as PubMed and Google Scholar, and we extracted 35 studies out of 60. however, we used only 34 studies directly related to diabetes and its prevalence at the global, SEA, and Indian levels. This review article concludes that in 2021 more than 1 in 10 adults worldwide developed diabetes. The estimated prevalence of diabetes in adults (20 to 79 years) has more than tripled since the first edition in 2000, rising from an estimated 151 million (4.6% of the world's population at the time) to 537.5 million (10.5%) of the world's population today. The prevalence rate will be higher than 12.8% by 2045. In addition, this study indicates that the incidence of diabetes in the world, Southeast Asia, and India was 10.5%, 8.8%, and 9.6%, respectively, throughout 2021 and will rise to 12.5%, 11.5%, and 10.9%, respectively by 2045.

Diabetic foot disease and its associated factors in Hanzhong in 2016 - 2022 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To study the status of diabetic foot and its related factors in Hanzhong area in recent years, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and management of diabetic foot complicated by type 2 diabetes. Methods A stratified sampling method was used to select 528 patients with type 2 diabetes among permanent residents in Hanzhong from April 2016 to April 2022. Relevant medical history and laboratory examination data were collected, and the incidence of diabetic foot was calculated. The influence of related factors on the risk of diabetic foot was analyzed by regression model. Results Among 528 subjects in this study, the disease course and body type of T2DM showed that male patients had significantly longer disease, and the proportion of overweight and obesity was higher, P2=27.516，P<0.05）. The proportion of male patients complicated with diabetic foot was higher than that of female patients (P<0.05). At the same time, the incidence of Wagner Grade I was higher in males than in females (P<0.05). The effects of potential factors on the risk of diabetic foot were discussed by gender. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk factors of diabetic foot in male T2DM patients included: Increased course of disease, increased age, poor blood glucose control, increased total cholesterol level, increased BMI level and increased platelet to lymphocyte ratio . Potential risk factors in women include increased course of disease, age, poor blood sugar control (increased glycosylated hemoglobin levels) and increased platelet to lymphocyte ratios in all cases（P<0.05）. Conclusion The current prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes patients complicated with diabetes foot in Hanzhong area is 16.29%, which is still high , and the prevalence rate of men is significantly higher than that of women. Older age, long duration of T2DM, poor blood glucose control, increased total cholesterol level, increased blood uric acid level, decreased urine pH value, and increased platelet lymphocyte ratio are potential risk factors for diabetes foot. Male patients should also pay attention to the occurrence of overweight and obesity tendency to reduce the risk of diabetes foot.

Prevalence of child sexual abuse in Spain: a survey study / Prevalencia del abuso sexual infantil en España: un estudio de encuesta

Background/aim: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a pervasive issue that affects children and adolescents worldwide, and Spain is no exception. Despite its high impact, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the prevalence of CSA in Spain. This study aims to update the current state of the prevalence of CSA, providing a comprehensive picture of the prevalence of sexual abuse from data using varying defining criteria. Method: A cross-sectional design was conducted, including a total of 1,323 participants, aged between 18 and 70 years (M = 28.40, SD = 10.31) responded to a measure of exposure to child sexual abuse. Results: The results exhibited that the prevalence of CSA was 9.2% for male and 22.1% for female participants, significantly higher for them. In terms of prevalence rate, females reported more frequently than males having suffered a more severe form of sexual abuse when they were 13 to 18 years old, with a large magnitude of the effect. Another notable finding was that the occurrence of global CSA with and without intercourse was significant, not a trivial effect. Conclusions: Consequently, there is a need for increased awareness, education, and resources to prevent and address CSA. The results of this study highlight the need for continued research to better understand the extent of CSA and to develop evidence-based interventions to protect children and adolescents from CSA victimization. (AU)

Antecedentes/objetivo: El abuso sexual infantil (ASI) es un problema generalizado que afecta a niños y adolescentes en todo el mundo, y España no es una excepción. A pesar de su gran repercusión, faltan datos completos sobre la prevalencia del ASI en España. El estudio pretende actualizar el estado actual de la prevalencia del ASI, proporcionando una imagen completa de la prevalencia del abuso sexual a partir de datos que utilizan diferentes criterios de definición. Método: Se realizó un diseño transversal, incluyendo un total de 1,323 participantes, en edades comprendidas entre 18 y 70 años (M = 28.40, DT = 10.31) respondieron a una medida de exposición a abuso sexual infantil. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la prevalencia de ASI fue del 9.2% para los hombres y del 22.4% para las mujeres, significativamente mayor para ellas. En cuanto a la tasa de prevalencia, las mujeres declararon con mayor frecuencia que los hombres haber sufrido una forma más grave de abuso sexual cuando tenían entre 13 y 18 años, con tamaño del efecto grande. Otro hallazgo a destacar fue que la existencia de ASI global con y sin coito resultó significativa, esto es, la prevalencia no es trivial. Conclusiones: Se concluye que hace falta una mayor concienciación, la educación y recursos para prevenir y abordar el ASI. Los resultados de este estudio ponen de relieve la necesidad de seguir investigando para comprender mejor el alcance del ASI y desarrollar intervenciones con fundamento empírico para proteger a los niños y adolescentes de la victimización de ASI. (AU)

Incidence and prevalence rates of coronary artery disease in women with and without rheumatoid arthritis in Kentucky Women's Health Registry.

Aim: To investigate the incidence and prevalence rates of coronary artery disease (CAD) in women with and without rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Data was collected from the Kentucky Women's Health Registry (2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010) with 3982, 6730, 6898 and 7944, respectively. Results: Women with RA and reported CAD were over 45 years. 10% of women with RA reported CAD, while 4% of women without RA reported CAD. The incidence of CAD in women with RA were 10, 5.2 and 3.4% while the incidence of CAD in women without RA were 2.2, 2.2 and 1.4% in 2007-2010, 2008-2010 and 2009-2010, respectively. Conclusion: The incidence and prevalence of CAD was greater in women with RA compared with women without RA.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Knee Osteoarthritis Among the General Public in Saudi Arabia.

Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and progressive knee joint condition that is influenced by multiple factors. This research aims to examine the prevalence and characteristics of knee OA among the general public in Saudi Arabia. Methodology This cross-sectional online survey was conducted in September 2023 in Saudi Arabia. This research used a previously developed questionnaire to validate the diagnosis of OA, which was performed in accordance with the diagnostic criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index questionnaire (WOMAC) was used to examine the severity and characteristics of knee OA patients. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the variables that influence the severity of knee OA and the likelihood of developing OA. Results A total of 1,019 individuals participated in this study. Around one-third of the participants (34.5%) fulfilled the ACR criteria for knee OA diagnosis. Overall, the mean WOMAC score was 34.1 (18.8) out of 96, which represents 35.5% of the maximum obtainable score and demonstrates a low degree of knee OA severity. The mean pain sub-scale score was 7.4 (3.8) out of 20, which represents 37.0% of the maximum obtainable score and demonstrates a low level of pain intensity. The mean stiffness sub-scale score was 2.7 (1.8) out of 8, which represents 33.8% of the maximum obtainable score and demonstrates a low degree of stiffness in joints. The mean physical function sub-scale score was 24.0 (14.0) out of 68, which represents 35.3% of the maximum obtainable score and demonstrates a low level of physical function difficulty. Females, older participants (above 40 years), those with high body mass index (28.8 kg/cm2 and higher), non-smokers, those with comorbidities, those who did not practice daily physical activity, those who had a family history of knee OA, and those who suffered from flat feet, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or back or hip pain were more likely to develop knee OA and have severe OA (p < 0.05). Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrated a significant prevalence rate of knee OA and highlighted a discrepancy between the rates obtained by diagnostic criteria and those determined through clinical diagnosis. Several significant factors that contribute to the development of OA encompass lifestyle choices such as food and exercise, familial predisposition, genetic influences, and the presence of comorbidities. To effectively tackle this intricate matter, it is imperative to adopt a patient-centered strategy and prioritize early intervention.

Trends in Mortality and Prevalence of Reported HIV/AIDS Cases - China, 2002-2021.

What is already known about this topic?: Annually, only the incidence and mortality for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients are officially disclosed. What is added by this report?: For the first time, information detailing the reported rate, mortality rate, and prevalence rate trends of HIV, AIDS, and HIV/AIDS in China's entire population over the past two decades has been provided. What are the implications for public health practice?: Our research overcomes the longstanding limitation of HIV/AIDS analysis as the sole denominator. Rather, it incorporates a comprehensive examination of the overall population, utilizing indicators and analytic methods from chronic disease analyses.

Chronic Low Back Pain: Prevalence, Impact on Quality of Life, and Predictors of Future Disability.

BACKGROUND: In primary healthcare settings, chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a widespread health issue with a great global impact. METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study was performed on 918 adults attending primary healthcare settings in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, to estimate the cLBP prevalence, its effect on health-related quality of life (QOL), and predictors of subsequent disability. The visual analog scale of pain (VAS), World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHO-QOL), and Oswestry low back pain disability index (ODI) were used to assess back pain severity, impact on QOL, and physical disability, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of cLBP among adults attending primary care settings in Makkah City was 25.9%, and 88.6% of them had a limited range of motion of the spine. About 58.1% had abnormal radiological findings detected by MRI. Based on the VAS scale, most patients (83.8%) had mild pain. The median (IQR) QOL score was 70 (60-80). Minimal and moderate disability scores were prevalent among 16.2% and 65.7% of patients, respectively. Disability scores were independently predicted by a lower QOL score (beta = -0.39, 95%CI = -0.49 to -0.29, p < 0.001) and higher VAS scores (beta = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.38-0.56, p < 0.001). Furthermore, disability was independently associated with having post-void residual volume (PVRV) (beta = 5.84, 95%CI = 1.97-9.72, p = 0.004) and abnormal X-ray findings (beta = 7.10, 95%CI = 1.77-12.4, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION: cLBP is common among adults attending primary care settings in Makkah City; it is associated with moderate disability and lower health-related QOL.