Uso da adaptação transcultural nos cursos de pós-graduação em Enfermagem / Use of cross-cultural adaptation in Postgraduate Nursing courses / Uso de la adaptación transcultural en las carreras de grado en Enfermería

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica brasileira, na Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, que utilizou o método de adaptação transcultural. Método: estudo documental, com busca realizada na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações, que resultou em 140 dissertações e 72 teses para análise, oriundas de Programas de Pós-Graduação da região Sudeste, seguida das regiões Nordeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste, sem representação da região Norte. Resultados: os instrumentos adaptados foram, em sua maioria, procedentes do idioma inglês. Prevaleceram as pesquisas na área/campo Assistencial, destacando-se a linha de pesquisa Processo de Cuidar em Saúde e Enfermagem. Identificou-se descompasso entre o que é produzido na área e o que é recomendado internacionalmente. Conclusão: verificou-se aumento na utilização da adaptação transcultural como método de pesquisa, com persistência das assimetrias acadêmicas regionais e sem consenso sobre o referencial metodológico.

Objective: to analyze the Brazilian scientific production in Postgraduate Nursing education using the cross-cultural adaptation method. Method: documentary study with searches carried out in the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations resulting in 140 Master's theses and 72 Doctoral dissertations for analysis originated from Postgraduate Programs carried out in the Southeast region of Brazil, followed by the Northeast, South and Midwest regions ­ there was no representation of the North region. Results: the adapted instruments were, mostly, originally written in English. Research in the Care area/field prevailed, highlighting the line of research called Health and Nursing Care Process. A gap between what is produced in the area and what is recommended internationally was identified. Conclusion: an increase in the use of cross-cultural adaptation as a research method was noticed, with the persistence of regional academic asymmetries and lack of consensus on the methodological framework.

Objetivo: analizar la producción científica brasileña, en el Postgrado en Enfermería, que utilizó el método de adaptación transcultural. Método: estudio documental, la búsqueda se realizó en la Biblioteca Digital de Tesis y Disertaciones, se obtuvieron 140 tesis de maestría y 72 tesis de doctorado para análisis, provenientes de Programas de Posgrado de la región Sudeste, seguida de las regiones Nordeste, Sur y Centro-Oeste, no se encontraron documentos de la región Norte. Resultados: los instrumentos adaptados fueron, en su mayoría, del idioma inglés. Predominaron las investigaciones en el área/campo Asistencial, se destacó la línea de investigación Proceso de Atención en Salud y Enfermería. Se identificó que lo que se produce en el área no coincide con lo que se recomienda a nivel internacional. Conclusión: se comprobó que aumentó el uso de la adaptación transcultural como método de investigación, que persisten las disparidades académicas regionales y que no hay consenso sobre el marco metodológico.

Menstrual Practice Needs Scale short form (MPNS-SF) and rapid (MPNS-R): development in Khulna, Bangladesh, and validation in cross-sectional surveys from Bangladesh and Uganda.

OBJECTIVES: Develop and validate short and rapid forms of the 36-item Menstrual Practice Needs Scale (MPNS-36). DESIGN: Item reduction prioritised content validity and was informed by cognitive interviews with schoolgirls in Bangladesh, performance of scale items in past research and stakeholder feedback. The original MPNS-36 was revalidated, and short and rapid forms tested in a cross-sectional survey. This was followed by further tests of dimensionality, internal consistency and validity in multiple cross-sectional surveys. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Short form (MPNS-SF) and rapid form (MPNS-R) measures were developed in a survey of 313 menstruating girls (mean age=13.51) in Khulna, Bangladesh. They were further tested in the baseline survey of the Adolescent Menstrual Experiences and Health Cohort, in Khulna, Bangladesh (891 menstruating girls, mean age=12.40); and the dataset from the MPNS-36 development in Soroti, Uganda (538 menstruating girls, mean age=14.49). RESULTS: The 18-item short form reflects the six original subscales, with the four core subscales demonstrating good fit in all three samples (Khulna pilot: root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.064, 90% CI 0.043 to 0.084, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.94, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)=0.92. Cohort baseline: RMSEA=0.050, 90% CI 0.039 to 0.062, CFI=0.96, TLI=0.95. Uganda: RMSEA=0.039, 90% CI 0.028 to 0.050, CFI=0.95, TLI=0.94). The 9-item rapid form captures diverse needs. A two-factor structure was the most appropriate but fell short of adequate fit (Khulna pilot: RMSEA=0.092, 90% CI 0.000 to 0.158, CFI=0.93, TLI=0.89). Hypothesised associations between the MPNS scores and other constructs were comparable between the MPNS-36 and MPNS-SF in all populations, and replicated, with attenuation, in the MPNS-R. Internal consistency remained acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: The MPNS-SF offers a reliable and valid measure of adolescent girls' menstrual hygiene experience while reducing participant burden, to support implementation and improve measurement in menstrual health research. The MPNS-R provides a brief measure with poorer structural validity, suited to short surveys and including menstrual health within broader research topics.

Novel measures of cognition and function for the AD spectrum in the Novel Measures for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention Trials (NoMAD) project: Psychometric properties, convergent validation, and contrasts with established measures.

INTRODUCTION: This study derived composite scores for two novel cognitive measures, the No Practice Effect (NPE) battery and the Miami Computerized Functional Skills Assessment and Training system for use in early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. Their psychometric properties and associations with AD risk markers were compared to those of well-established measures. METHODS: For 291 older adults with healthy cognition or early mild cognitive impairment, Exploratory factor analyses were used to identify the factor structure of the NPE. Factor and total scores were examined for their psychometric properties and associations with AD risk biomarkers. RESULTS: Composite scores from the novel cognitive and functional measures demonstrated better psychometric properties (distribution and test-retest reliability) and stronger associations with AD-related demographic, genetic, and brain risk markers than well-established measures, DISCUSSION: These novel measures have potential for use as primary cognitive and functional outcomes in early-stage AD clinical trials. HIGHLIGHTS: Well-established cognitive tests may not accurately detect subtle cognitive changes. No Practice Effect (NPE) and Computerized Functional Skills Assessment and Training are novel measures designed to have improved psychometric properties. NPE had Executive Function, Cognitive Control/Speed, and Episodic Memory domains. Novel measures had better psychometric properties compared to established measures. Significant associations with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers were found with novel measures.

Development and Psychometric Test of the Inpatients Experiences Measurement Scale (IEMS).

Purpose: In South Korea, hospitalized patients' experiences significantly impact satisfaction and treatment outcomes. This study developed and evaluated the Inpatients Experience Measurement Scale (IEMS) for its psychometric properties. Patients and Methods: Participants from three hospitals were recruited using convenience sampling. Scale item generation involved patient interviews and a Delphi survey with experts. Psychometric testing used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with 150 participants and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with 151 participants. Results: A total of 301 patients participated, resulting in a 20-item scale across four factors: "Care Quality and Information Provision", "Patient Safety and Dietary Services", "Facility and Comfort Infrastructure", and "Comprehensive Patient Support Services". Rated on a 5-point Likert scale, the scale showed a high Content Validity Index (CVI) over 0.80. EFA explained 61.43% of the variance. The four-factor model was validated using CFA with favorable fit indices. The IEMS demonstrated strong convergent validity, supported by high composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE) values. Significant correlations with the Patient Satisfaction Scale reinforced its convergent validity. Discriminant validity was confirmed, and all reliability measures exceeded the minimum threshold of 0.80. Conclusion: The IEMS effectively captures inpatients' experiences, demonstrating robust reliability and validity. This scale is a valuable tool for assessing patient experiences, facilitating enhancements in patient care and satisfaction within hospital settings.

Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Chinese version of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire-short in patients with cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and measurement invariance (MI) of the Chinese version of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire-short (CERQ-short) in cancer patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 505 cancer patients from mainland China. In addition to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the CERQ-short and the distress thermometer were included in the study measures. RESULTS: Item analysis indicated a promising result. And the results of CFA indicated that the CERQ-short demonstrated satisfactory factorial validity in cancer patients. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were between 0.663 and 0.910, while McDonald's omega coefficients were between 0.664 and 0.910. The CERQ-short had sufficient convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity among cancer patients. Lastly, MI supported that the CERQ-short demonstrated strong measurement equivalence across gender, residence and age. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the Chinese version of the CERQ-short has convincing psychometric properties and MI, which supports its use in cancer patients.

Psychometric properties of the arabic translation of the Physical Appearance Comparison Scale-Revised (PACS-R) in adults.

BACKGROUND: Physical comparison may be a factor in body dissatisfaction and related issues, like eating disorders and depression. The Physical Appearance Comparison Scale-Revised (PACS-R) is a scale developed to assess the frequency of physical comparison. Because there is no validated scale for body comparison in Arabic, this study aims to address this gap by validating the PACS-R in the Arabic language. METHODS: The PACS-R was translated to Arabic following a conventional forward-backward translation procedure, and was administered to a sample of 359 Lebanese adults along with The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) for convergent validity. The factor structure was studied by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and composite reliability was assessed using McDonald's omega and Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: Results suggested a one-factor structure of the Arabic PACS-R, with good internal consistency (McDonald's ω = 0.97 / Cronbach α = 0.97). Measurement invariance was established across sex groups, with no significant difference being reported between males and females in terms of PACS-R scores (15.42 ± 10.64 vs. 13.16 ± 11.88; t(357) = 1.84; p = .066). Finally, adequate convergent validity was tested and found to be adequate, with PACS-R scores found to be correlated negatively with self-esteem and positively with psychological distress. CONCLUSION: The present findings preliminarily establish the Arabic PACS-R as an effective instrument for researchers and practitioners aiming to explore the physical comparison among Arabic-speaking populations, thus contributing to research and clinical work in the Arabic community.

Comparison of in-person vs. remote administration of cognitive screening tools for people with ALS.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether cognitive screening tools used for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (pwALS) are affected by the screen being administered face-to-face or remotely online. It also investigated whether demographic variables predicted total cognitive screen scores. METHODS: The cognitive component of the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECASc), the cognitive component of the ALS Cognitive Behavioural Screen (ALS-CBSc), and the Mini Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (Mini-ACE) were administered to 41 pwALS and 41 controls face-to-face. Versions of the cognitive screens designed to be administered remotely were administered to 57 pwALS and 44 controls via videoconferencing methods. Backwards stepwise linear regressions were conducted to assess whether total scores on the ECASc, ALS-CBSc, and Mini-ACE scores were predicted by administration mode (face-to-face or remote) or demographic variables. RESULTS: Mode of administration significantly affected scores on the ECASc and ALS-CBSc; remote administration was associated with better total scores. Administration mode did not significantly affect Mini-ACE scores. All cognitive screens were significantly affected by IQ scores; higher IQ scores predicted better screening tool scores. Only ECASc scores were significantly affected by age, with older age predicting poorer scores. Being female was associated with better Mini-ACE scores; sex did not predict ECASc and ALS-CBSc scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that videoconferencing versions of the ECASc and ALS-CBSc may function differently to the original, face-to-face versions. There are advantages to using remote versions of cognitive screening tools but clinicians and researchers who use them should consider that they may not yield equivalent scores.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Quality of Life Index Among Hausa-Speaking People with Spinal Cord Injury in Northwest Nigeria.

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is an important outcome that is used to measure the success of healthcare interventions. Valid and reliable instruments are required to assess QoL. Hence, we conducted this study to adapt and validate the QoL Index (QLI) among Hausa-speaking people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in northwest Nigeria. Method: Using the International Society for Pharmacoeconomic and Outcome Research principles of good practice and the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments guidelines, the QLI-SCI version was translated into Hausa language and tested for content validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability among people with SCI in northwest Nigeria. Result: The Hausa QLI (HQLI) demonstrated good content validity (CVI = 92.18%), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.855), and test-retest reliability (ICC =0.949 [95% CI, 0.916-0.969]). Conclusion: The HQLI can be deployed to assess QoL among Hausa-speaking people with SCI, thus promoting robust measurement of QoL in an SCI population.

Beyond sound irritation: cross-cultural evidence on the robustness of the five aspects of misophonic experience measured by the S-Five in a Polish sample.

Misophonia is commonly associated with negative emotional or physiological responses to specific sounds. However, the consensus definition emphasizes that misophonia entails much more than that. Even in cases of subclinical misophonia, where individuals do not meet the disorder criteria, the experience can still be burdensome, despite not currently causing significant distress or impairment. The S-Five is a psychometric tool for comprehensive assessment of five aspects of misophonic experience: internalizing, externalizing, impact, threat, and outburst, and includes S-Five-T section to evaluate feelings evoked by triggering sounds and their intensity. We examined whether the five-factor structure developed in the UK could be replicated in a Polish sample, including individuals with and without self-identified misophonia. The Polish version of the S-Five was translated and tested on 288 Polish-speaking individuals. Comprehensive psychometric evaluation, including factor structure, measurement invariance, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent validity evaluations, was conducted on the translated scale. Exploratory factor analysis suggested similar structure to the original English study, while bootstrap exploratory graph analysis showed the factor structure to be reproducible in other samples. The scale was found to be bias free with respect to gender, internally consistent and stable in time, and evidence of validity was provided using MisoQuest and Misophonia Questionnaire. These results offer support for the cross-cultural stability of the five factors and provide preliminary evidence for the suitability of the Polish version for clinical and research purposes. The study also investigated five facets of misophonia, triggering sounds, emotional responses, and their associations with symptoms of psychopathology across various cultures. It underscores the central role of anger, distress, and panic, while also highlighting the mixed role of irritation and disgust in misophonia across different cultural contexts. Mouth sounds evoked the most pronounced reactions compared to other repetitive sounds, although there were discernible cultural differences in the nature and intensity of reactions to various trigger sounds. These findings hold significant implications for future research and underscore the importance of considering cultural nuances in both research and the clinical management of misophonia.

Adaptación y validación del Voice Handicap Index y su versión abreviada al español rioplatense de Argentina

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo principal validar el Voice Handicap Index (VHI) y su versión abreviada (VHI-10) adaptados al español rioplatense de Argentina, con objetivos específicos centrados en evaluar su fiabilidad y validez. Metodología: La adaptación cultural incluyó técnicas de traducción directa, síntesis y retrotraducción, evaluación de la equivalencia semántica y aplicación a un grupo piloto. Para la validación se evaluó la fiabilidad de ambos índices adaptados mediante la consistencia interna (coeficiente alfa de Cronbach) y la estabilidad test-retest (prueba de Bland-Altman, CCI y r de Spearman). Además, se examinó la validez de criterio y de constructo. 213 sujetos participaron en la validación del índice adaptado de 30 ítems (123 disfónicos; 90 de control); 113, en la del índice abreviado (63 disfónicos; 50 de control). Resultados: Se constituyó el Índice de Desventaja Vocal (IDV) como la versión adaptada del VHI al español rioplatense de Argentina. Ambos índices demostraron excelente consistencia interna (IDV-30 α = 0,96; IDV-10 α = 0,92) y estabilidad y concordancia (IDV-30 CCI = 0,95; IDV-10 CCI = 0,96). Se halló alta correlación entre los puntajes de ambos índices y la autoevaluación de la severidad de la disfonía de los participantes (r = 0,85). Ambos índices demostraron capacidad de diferenciar entre individuos con disfonía y sujetos sanos (p< 0,001). El análisis factorial reveló tres factores para el IDV-30 y un factor para el IDV-10. Conclusiones: El IDV-30 e IDV-10 presentan grados adecuados de fiabilidad y validez. Ambos pueden ser incluidos en protocolos de valoración de la función vocal por profesionales de Argentina.

Aim: This study aimed to validate the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and its abbreviated version (VHI-10) adapted into Rioplatense Spanish from Argentina, with specific goals centered on assessing their reliability and validity. Methods: Cultural adaptation involved direct translation, synthesis and back-translation techniques, followed by an assessment of semantic equivalence and application to a pilot group. For the validation process, the reliability of both adapted indices was assessed through measures of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) and test-retest stability (Bland-Altman test, ICC and Spearman's correlation coefficient). Additionally, we conducted analyses to asses criterion and construct validity. 213 subjects participated in the validation of the adapted 30-items index, (123 with dysphonia; 90 from control group); 113, in the abbreviated version (63 with dysphonia; 50 from control group). Results: The "Índice de Desventaja Vocal" (IDV) was established as the adapted version of the VHI into Rioplatense Spanish from Argentina. Both indeces exhibited excellent internal consistency (IDV-30 α = 0,96; IDV-10 α = 0,92) and satisfactory stability and agreement (IDV-30 CCI = 0,95; IDV-10 CCI = 0,96). Regarding validity, a strong correlation was observed between the scores of both indeces and the participant's self-assessment of dysphonia degree (r = 0,85). Both indices effectively differentiated between individuals with dysphonia and healthy subjects (p< 0,001). Factor analysis revealed three factors for the IDV-30 and one factor for the IDV-10. Conclusion: The IDV-30 and IDV-10 demonstrate satisfactory levels of reliability and validity. Both indices can be incorporated into the assessment protocols for evaluating the vocal function by professionals in Argentina.

A cross-sectional study of academic success measures, grit, and resilience among US dental students.

PURPOSE: This study explored themes previously identified as central to holistic professional school success, as related to traditional academic achievement, resilience, and grit measures. METHODS: This cross-sectional study surveyed third- and fourth-year US dental students. Items addressed themes previously identified as central to professional school success, including need for cognition, patient ownership, collective orientation, grit, and resilience. Traditional academic metrics were also included. Statistical analyses comprised one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), simple linear regression, and stepwise multiple regression procedures. RESULTS: A total of 126 students participated (81% response rate). Collective orientation, need for cognition, patient ownership, and resilience did not significantly correlate with grade point average (GPA), whereas grit did, r = 0.29. Need for cognition and patient ownership combined significantly predicted grit with approximately 35% of variance explained. Approximately 25% of variance in resilience scores was accounted for by need for cognition, coupled with collective orientation. Grit and resilience significantly correlated, r = 0.59. CONCLUSIONS: Grit significantly predicted both traditional and alternative metrics of success among dental students, particularly need for cognition and patient ownership. A high need for cognition is consistent among students who display both grit and resilience. Neither resilience nor the alternative measures of success predicted traditional academic metrics.

Urdu Adaptation and Validation of Social Interaction Anxiety Scale: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) is a globally used scale for clinical diagnostic purposes for social anxiety disorder (SAD). This article investigates the psychometric properties of the SIAS, followed by its adaptation and validation in Urdu. The study consisted of two phases. The initial phase involved the translation of the scale, and the second phase was of a cross-sectional nature and consisted of evaluating factor structure and psychometric properties of the scale. For this purpose, the study enrolled a purposive sample of 573 adults aged between 18 to 45 years (mean [standard deviation (SD)] age: 23.68 [4.28] years) with a diagnosis of SAD. The sample was recruited from educational institutes, hospitals, and clinics in Lahore, Pakistan. The data was collected using a demographic form and the Urdu version of the SIAS, along with the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). The analyses of the study were carried out using SPSS V27 and AMOS V24. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a single factor structure of the Urdu version of the SIAS consisting of 16 items. The psychometric values of the scale shown were excellent, as Cronbach's alpha equaled 0.91, convergent validity r equaled 0.37 at p less than 0.01 with psychological inflexibility, and discriminant validity r equaled -0.47 at p less than 0.01 with psychological flexibility. The study concluded that the Urdu version of the SIAS was a valid and reliable measure for the assessment of social anxiety in the Pakistani population.

Core Competencies for Gerontogeriatric Nursing: A Validation Study.

BACKGROUND: As the aging population grows, facing multifaceted health challenges and escalating care costs, equipping newly graduated nurses with the requisite skills for high-quality gerontogeriatric care becomes crucial. This study assesses the psychometric properties of a Gerontogeriatric Competency (GGC) scale to evaluate the competencies of newly graduated registered nurses (RNs). METHODS: Using a convenience sampling approach, a nationwide, observational prospective cohort study was conducted among 272 newly graduated RNs. The evaluation framework included a sociodemographic questionnaire, three groups of questions targeting gerontogeriatric nursing education aspects, and the GGC scale, with 64 competencies. Construct validity (via confirmatory factor analysis), known-group validity and reliability (assessed by Cronbach's α) were examined. RESULTS: The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed an adequate index fit: the ratio of chi-square to degrees of freedom (χ2/df) = 2.785, the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.579, confirmatory fit index (CFI) = 0.864, the parsimony goodness-of-fit index (PGFI) = 0.526, the parsimony confirmatory-of-fit index (PCFI) = 0.809, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.087, and the modified expected cross-validation index (MECVI) = 24.418. Differences were observed in gerontogeriatric competencies based on curriculum inclusion, self-confidence, knowledge in caring for older adults, and satisfaction with the nursing program content. The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.992 for the overall scale and ranged from 0.935 to 0.983 for the GGC dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The GGC scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the gerontogeriatric competencies of new graduate RNs, highlighting its potential to enhance education, training, and, ultimately, the quality of care provided to the older population.

Psychometric Characteristics of the Italian Version of the Revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory.

Sociosexuality refers to the tendency to engage in uncommitted sexual behavior and has been dissected into three domains: sociosexual behavior, attitudes, and desire (Penke & Asendorpf, 2008), which led to the revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI-R), which was validated on a German sample. The current research aimed at translating and validating an Italian version (I-SOI-R), administered to three distinct Italian participant groups. In the first sample (N = 710, females = 521, age = 18-59 years), we found evidence for a bifactor model, articulated in a general sociosexuality factor and three specific factors (behavior, attitudes, desire). High internal consistency was established for total and subscale scores, alongside favorable test-retest reliability. A connection was found between relationship status and sociosexual desire, though not gender dependent. We found evidence for test-retest reliability in a second sample (N = 55, females = 37, age 20-58 years). In a third study (N = 305, females = 147, age = 19-60 years), the earlier findings were replicated, further confirming the I-SOI-R's construct, criterion, and nomological validity on an online sample. Combining data from the three studies revealed full configural, metric, and scalar invariance regarding gender. This allowed us to meaningfully compare the observed scores of women and men and replicated the finding that men display higher levels of unrestricted sociosexuality. In conclusion, the I-SOI-R may serve as a valuable tool to assess and enhance sexual health, albeit warranting future research on construct and criterion validity.

Reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life Scale.

Aim: The Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life Scale (BBQ) is a popular quality of life measure, indexing satisfaction with and importance of six empirically selected life domains. Whether these domains hold cross-cultural validity remains largely unexplored. The current study developed and psychometrically validated a Japanese version of the BBQ (BBQ-J). Methods: Data were collected from 637 Japanese individuals aged between 20 and 87 years. We used t-tests, Pearson product-rate correlation coefficients, a reliability analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis, and an exploratory factor analysis to analyze the data, with 637 participants in all analyses. Results: There were no statistically significant gender differences on the BBQ-J. Confirmatory factor analysis of the BBQ-J revealed a 1-factor structure with six items. Convergent validity was confirmed by its association with life satisfaction, and negative convergent validity was confirmed by its negative correlation with depressive symptoms. Cronbach's alpha of the BBQ-J showed high internal consistency. Conclusion: Similar to the original version, the Japanese version of the BBQ is a valid and reliable self-administered measure of subjective quality of life for use in clinical and research settings.

Adaptation into Turkish and Psychometric Properties of Athens Insomnia Scale.

Introduction: The study aimed to adapt the "Athens Insomnia Scale" developed by Soldatos et al. into Turkish and to conduct validity and reliability analysis. Methods: This research was conducted on 215 patients with insomnia complaints and applied to Family Medicine, Neurology (Sleep Polyclinic), and Psychiatry outpatient clinics. Introductory Information Form, 8-item Athens Insomnia Scale, and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index were administered to the participants. After the language adaptation of the scale, Cronbach's alpha value was used as the consistency coefficient for reliability analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was examined for structural validity, and correlation coefficients between the Athens Insomnia Scale and its subscales and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index were examined for concurrent validity. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.87. "Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was calculated for factor analysis." In the Exploratory Factor Analysis, a two-factor structure with eigenvalues >1.0 and explaining 73.4% of the variance was obtained. According to the Exploratory Factor Analysis results for the Atina Insomnia Scale, the absolute value of the factor loadings of the eight items ranged between 0.650 and 0.865. The correlation coefficients between the total score and sub-dimensions of the Athens Insomnia Scale and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index-a scale assessing sleep quality were between 0.489-0.725 (p<0,01). For discriminant validity, Athens Insomnia Scale discriminated well between patients and healthy volunteers (Z=2.630, p=0,009). Conclusion: The Athens Insomnia Scale has been shown to have adequate reliability and validity in Turkish.

Factor Structure and Reliability of the Persian Version of Body Esteem Scale Among Iranian Adults: Exploratory Graph Analysis Approach.

Background and Purpose: The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Mendelson and White Body Esteem Scale in Iranian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study design was used and carried out in 2023. Following the inclusion criteria, 500 adults were gathered from Tehran (Tehran, Iran) with an accessible sampling method. After translation of Body Esteem Scale to Persian language, construct validity (with factor analysis and exploratory graph analysis) and reliability were assessed. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.66 (standard deviation = 7.40) years. The results of Maximum Likelihood Exploratory Factor Analysis (MLEFA) with Promax with Kaiser normalization rotation extracted three factors accounting for 43.4% of the variance comprising 21 items. Also, after necessary modifications during confirmatory factor analysis, the final model was approved. As for construct reliability, the Cronbach's alpha, Composite Reliability, and Maximal Reliability for all constructs were greater than 0.7, demonstrating good internal consistency and construct reliability. Conclusions: According to results, the Persian version of Body Esteem Scale has a valid structure and acceptable reliability. This scale can be used by health professionals in many ways.

Public perceptions of the brand image of nursing: Cross-cultural differences between the United States and China.

BACKGROUND: Measures of public opinion regarding nursing's brand image are needed to identify and correct perceptions that are incongruent with the breadth and scope of contemporary nursing practice. Misperceptions of nursing's influence may serve to minimize or disregard nursing's unique contributions to addressing the Social Determinants of Health which are foundational for improving the health of global populations. PURPOSE: To compare public perceptions of the brand image of nursing between China and the United States (US) and determine whether sociodemographic variables influenced factors between the two countries. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was distributed among members of the Chinese and U.S. public. Perceptions of nursing's brand image were assessed through the original Nursing Brand Image Scale-Public Version in the US (NBIS-P) and when translated to Chinese (NBIS-P-C). Descriptive statistics and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were used to compare perceptions of the brand image of nursing and to examine the influence of demographics. DISCUSSION: The reliability of the Chinese version of the NBIS-P-C was confirmed by this study. Age and gender did not influence public perceptions of nursing's brand image in either China or the US. Instead, educational attainment was the significant demographic variable and positively correlated with the public's perceptions of nursing in both countries (p < .05). Public respondents with lower educational attainment scored both the traditional nursing factor "Caregiver Virtues/Attributes" (e.g., Trusted, Caring, Nurturing/Mothering) and the factor "Lack Authority/Identity" (e.g., White Cap/Uniform, Subservient, Female) higher, while scoring the factor for "Leadership" (e.g., Decision Makers, Influential, Leaders) significantly lower than those with higher educational levels. CONCLUSION: A disparity exists between nursing's contemporary contributions to healthcare and the public's limited understanding of the diverse leadership roles all nurses provide, across a variety of settings, and in global public health initiatives. The virtuous traits of the nurse are perceived most directly and immediately by the public while their roles as autonomous decision-makers and leaders are less (or not at all) visible. Enhancing the accuracy and visibility of a strong brand image could advance public perceptions of nurses as experts and leaders in nursing science, thus paving the way for nurses to more effectively direct and influence the health of the public, particularly those with lower educational attainment who represent some of the most vulnerable populations. Targeted interventions that incorporate the educational level of the public offer a foundational opportunity for the nursing profession to correct inaccurate and outdated stereotypes that prevent nurses from achieving their desired brand image as influential leaders. Such campaigns could also be used to inform policy, guide strategic planning, and transform the future direction of the nursing profession.

Primacy of theory? Exploring perspectives on validity in conceptual psychometrics.

Several conceptions of validity have emphasized the contingency of validity on theory. Here we revisit several contributions to the discourse on the concept of validity, which we consider particularly influential or insightful. Despite differences in metatheory, both Cronbach and Meehl's construct validity, and Borsboom, Mellenbergh and van Heerden's early concept of validity regard validity as a criterion for successful measurement and thus, as crucial for the soundness of psychological science. Others, such as Borgstede and Eggert, regard recourses to validity as an appeal to an (unscientific) folk psychology. Instead, they advocate theory-based measurement. It will be demonstrated that these divergent positions converge in their view of psychological theory as indispensable for the soundness of psychological measurement. However, the formulation of the concept (and scope) of scientific theory differs across the presented conceptions of validity. These differences can be at least partially attributed to three disparities in metatheoretical and methodological stances. The first concerns the question of the structure of scientific theories. The second concerns the question of psychology's subject matter. The third regards whether, and if, to which extent, correlations can be indicative of causality and therefore point toward validity. These results indicate that metatheory may help to structure the discourse on the concept of validity by revealing the contingencies the concrete positions rely on.

Robot-aided assessment and associated brain lesions of impaired ankle proprioception in chronic stroke.

BACKGROUND: Impaired ankle proprioception strongly predicts balance dysfunction in chronic stroke. However, only sparse data on ankle position sense and no systematic data on ankle motion sense dysfunction in stroke are available. Moreover, the lesion sites underlying impaired ankle proprioception have not been comprehensively delineated. Using robotic technology, this study quantified ankle proprioceptive deficits post-stroke and determined the associated brain lesions. METHODS: Twelve adults with chronic stroke and 13 neurotypical adults participated. A robot passively plantarflexed a participant's ankle to two distinct positions or at two distinct velocities. Participants subsequently indicated which of the two movements was further/faster. Based on the stimulus-response data, psychometric just-noticeable-difference (JND) thresholds and intervals of uncertainty (IU) were derived as measures on proprioceptive bias and precision. To determine group differences, Welch's t-test and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test were performed for the JND threshold and IU, respectively. Voxel-based lesion subtraction analysis identified the brain lesions associated with observed proprioceptive deficits in adults with stroke. RESULTS: 83% of adults with stroke exhibited abnormalities in either position or motion sense, or both. JND and IU measures were significantly elevated compared to the control group (Position sense: + 77% in JND, + 148% in IU; Motion sense: +153% in JND, + 78% in IU). Adults with stroke with both impaired ankle position and motion sense had lesions in the parietal, frontal, and temporoparietal regions. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to document the magnitude and frequency of ankle position and motion sense impairment in adults with chronic stroke. Proprioceptive dysfunction was characterized by elevated JND thresholds and increased uncertainty in perceiving ankle position/motion. Furthermore, the associated cortical lesions for impairment in both proprioceptive senses were largely overlapping.