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B. Inst. Pesca ; 42(3): 691-703, jul./set. 2016. mapas, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-13057

ABSTRACT

In the culture of crustacean larvae, the best survival rates are observed at optimal salinity due to the lower expenditure of energy for osmoregulation. In optimal conditions, greater longevity is expected under conditions of complete starvation. In the present study, larvae were obtained from ovigerous females of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum captured in two distinct regions of the Amazon coast of Pará, representing Amazonian várzea (Abaetetuba) and estuarine (Bragança) habitats. The larvae were maintained under starvation conditions, and from the zoea I to the zoea VII stages, they were exposed to salinities of 0, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 ppt. Based on the results of these trials, the larvae (100 larvae/L) were then reared in a dynamic closed system in 2L tanks at salinities of 5, 10 and 20 ppt, being fed with Artemia nauplii. In the larvae captured in estuarine habitats, longevity was greatest at a salinity of 10 ppt (12.00±0.79 days) and lowest in freshwater (6.77±3.47 days). In the várzea larvae, longevity was greatest at salinities of 2 (10.33±1.97 days), 5 (10.80±2.07 days) and 10 ppt (10.23±1.07 days). Other important differences were observed between the two groups of larvae. None of the estuarine larvae molted to the PL stage in freshwater and productivity was greatly reduced (43.2±7.8 PL/L) at a salinity of 5 ppt. By contrast, the várzea larvae developed into post-larvae (PL) normally in freshwater and could be reared at salinity 5 ppt with no loss of productivity. This permitted the minimization of management costs.(AU)


No cultivo das larvas de crustáceos maiores sobrevivências são observados nas salinidades ideais devido ao menor gasto energético com a osmorregulação. Em ótimas condições, é esperado maior longevidade destas sob completa inanição. No presente estudo, larvas foram obtidas de fêmeas ovígeras do camarão de água doce Macrobrachium amazonicum, capturadas de duas regiões costeiras da Amazônia: várzea (Abaetetuba/PA) e estuarina (Bragança/PA). As larvas foram mantidas em inanição a partir de zoea I e zoea VII e foram submetidas às salinidades 0, 2, 5, 10, 20 e 30 ppt,. Baseado nos resultados obtidos, as larvas (100 larvas/L) foram então cultivadas em sistema fechado dinâmico, em tanques com volume de 2L, nas salinidades: 5, 10, 20 ppt e alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia. Maiores longevidades foram observadas nas larvas de origem estuarina nas salinidade 10 (12,00 ± 0,79 dias) e menor em água doce (6,77 ± 3,47 dias). No entanto, melhores resultados foram registrados nas salinidades 2 (10,33 ± 1,97 dias), 5 (10,80 ± 2,07 dias) e 10 ppt (10,23 ± 1,07 dias) para as larvas de várzea. Relevante diferenças foram observadas quando comparados os dois cultivos:  as larvas de estuário não chegam a PL em água doce e apresentam redução da produtividade na salinidade 5 ppt (43,2 ± 7,8 PL/L) enquanto que as larvas de várzea atingem normalmente pós-larvas em água doce podendo ser cultivadas em salinidade 5ppt sem perda de produtividade, reduzindo assim os custos do manejo.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Palaemonidae/growth & development , Larva/growth & development , Saline Waters/administration & dosage , Saline Waters/analysis , Aquaculture , Crustacea
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